Engineering Graphics

Isometric
Projections

By Prof. Naman M. Dave

Assistant Prof. (Mech Dept.)
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology

What is ISOMETRIC?
It is a method of producing pictorial view of an object
showing all three faces of the object simultaneously.
It is a type of parallel projection
It is a type of axonometric projection

Axonometric projection is a type of parallel projection used for

creating a pictorial drawing of an object, where the object is rotated
along one or more of its axes relative to the plane of projection. There
are three main types of axonometric projection:

Principle Projections
In Multi views
and axonometric
projections, the
lines of sight are
perpendicular to
the plane of
projection;
therefore, both are
considered
orthographic
projections

Axonometric Projection
Is a parallel projection technique

Parallel & normal

to picture plane

used to create a pictorial drawing of

an object by rotating the object on
an axis relative a projection or
picture plane.

Line
of
sight

D
A
C

Axonometric projection is one of

the four principal projection
techniques: multiview, axonometric,
oblique and perspective

B
D

Axonometric Projection
Type of axonometric drawing
Axonometric axis

1. Isometric

A
A
C

All angles are

equal.

B
B
D
D

Axonometric axis

2. Dimetric

Axonometric axis

3. Trimetric

Two angles are

equal.

None of angles
are equal.

Isometric Projection
Rotate 45
about
vertical axis
Tilt
forward
(35o16)

An isometric
projection is a true
representation of the
isometric view of an
object.

All edges
foreshorten
about 0.8 time.
Prof. Naman M. Dave

Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an isometric
axes using full scale.
Isometric drawings are almost always preferred over
isometric projection for engineering drawings, because
they are easier to produce

Isometric projection

Isometric drawing

(True projection)

(Full scale)

Forshorten

Full scale

Isometric Axes
An isometric drawing is an axonometric pictorial drawing
for which the angle between each axis equals 120 degrees
and the scale used is full scale

Positions of Isometric axes

Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to create
different views of a single object.

Regular
isometric

Reverse axis
isometric

Long axis
isometric

View point is looking View point is looking View point is looking

down on the top of up on the bottom of from the right (or left)
the object.
the object.
of the object.

Selection of Isometric axes

View (a) is preferred as it reveals more detail than the
others

Isometric and Nonisometric lines & planes

In an isometric drawing, true
length distances can only be
measured along isometric
lines, that is, lines that run
parallel to any of the isometric
axes.
Any line that does not run
parallel to an isometric axis is
called a non-isometric
line
Non-isometric lines include inclined and
oblique lines and can not be measured directly. Instead they
must be created by locating two end points.

Isometric and Non-isometric lines

& planes
The three faces of the
isometric cube are isometric
planes, because they are
parallel to the isometric
surfaces formed by any two
adjacent isometric axes.
Planes that are not
parallel to any isometric
plane are called nonisometric planes

Isometric and Non-isometric lines

& planes
True-length distances are shown along
isometric lines.
Isometric line is the line that run
parallel to any of the isometric axes.
Isometric
lines

Nonisometric lines

Isometric
axes

Isometric
planes

Isometric sketching
from multi-view drawing

Top

Regular H

Front View

Front

Top View
W

Side
D

Side View
D

Reverse

Front
Bottom

Side

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:

ISOMETRIC AXES, LINES AND PLANES:
The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making
1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes.
The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines.

The planes representing the faces of of the cube as well as

other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes.

ISOMETRIC SCALE:
When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions
are visible then in the process all dimensions become proportionally
inclined to observers eye sight and hence appear apparent in lengths.
This reduction is 0.815 or 9 / 11 ( approx.) It forms a reducing scale which
Is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale.
In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert
true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes.
This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described
on next page.
Prof. Naman M. Dave

TYPES OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

ISOMETRIC VIEW

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

Drawn by using True scale

( True dimensions )

Drawn by using Isometric scale

( Reduced dimensions )

4
3

1
2
0
0

1
300

450

Isometric scale [ Line AC ]

required for Isometric Projection

CONSTRUCTION OF ISOM.SCALE.
From point A, with line AB draw 300 and
450 inclined lines AC & AD resp on AD.
Mark divisions of true length and from
each division-point draw vertical lines
upto AC line.
The divisions thus obtained on AC
give lengths on isometric scale.

Prof. Naman M. Dave

Isometric drawing
STEPS
1. Positioning object.
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing box.
4. Add details.
5. Darken visible lines.

Isometric drawing: object has inclined surfaces

Nonisometric line

Front View

x
W

Isometric drawing: object has inclined surfaces

x
C
x

x
B
A
y

y
C

Nonisometric line

Isometric drawing

Regular

C
E
D

B
B

Front View

C
A

Reverse

D
F

Drawing of Circle and Arcs

Four-centre method is usually used when drawn an
isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.
Sketching Steps
1. Locate the centre of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Construct a perpendicular
bisector from each tangent point.
4. Locate the four centres.
5. Draw the arcs with these centres
and tangent to isometric square.

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A

CIRCLE IF IT IS A TV OR FV.
FIRST ENCLOSE IT IN A SQUARE.
ITS ISOMETRIC IS A RHOMBUS WITH
D & L AXES FOR TOP VIEW.
THEN USE H & L AXES FOR ISOMETRIC
WHEN IT IS FRONT VIEW.
FOR CONSTRUCTION USE RHOMBUS
METHOD SHOWN HERE. STUDY IT.

2
B

A
4

Drawing of Circle and Arcs

25 R

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE FIGURE

SHOWN WITH DIMENTIONS (ON RIGHT SIDE)
CONSIDERING IT FIRST AS F.V. AND THEN T.V.
50 MM

IF FRONT VIEW

100 MM

IF TOP VIEW

Drawing of Circle and Arcs

Half circle
Quarter circle

Prof. Naman M. Dave

Hidden lines in Isometric drawing

In isometric drawings, hidden lines are
omitted unless they are absolutely
necessary to completely describe the
object. Most isometric drawings will not
have hidden lines.
To avoid using hidden lines, choose the
most descriptive viewpoint.
However, if an isometric viewpoint
cannot be found that clearly depicts all the
major features, hidden lines may be used.

Center lines in Isometric drawing

Centerlines are drawn only for showing symmetry or for dimensioning.
Normally, centerlines are not shown, because many isometric drawings are used
to communicate to nontechnical people and not for engineering purposes

 Next Slides shows manual drawing which are drawn by previous students
Please do not follow it blindly it may some mistakes there.
These are just for your reference or as guidance.
Please go to some theory section also. Kindly use textbooks and reference
books to cover theory section rather than blindly concentrate to ppt

Prof. Naman M. Dave

Prof. Naman M. Dave

Prof. Naman M. Dave

Prof. Naman M. Dave