HIST 152 February 8, 2016 (Kokua)

Encomiendas = forced labor

New world form of slavery
Jurists attempted to differentiate forced labor from slavery (since
slavery illegal)
Haciendas = new world manor/homesteads of the Aristocrats
A form of new world feudalism
Used almost like a warlord to assert power
o Conquistadors or their descendents
Directly related to conquest
Different social groups
Typically defined by race
Either creoles (mixed) or mestizos (pure European/Amerindian)
Typically,
North refers to developing
South refers to underdeveloped/dependent world.
Americans are integrated into the Spanish world colony due to their raw
materials
Spanish becomes dependent on the outside world for resources
South =/= democratic or middlemen (someone essential for society to be
strong)
Typically the local elites do the best
Creole revolutions
Finding history
Archaeological studies
Oral histories
Written references
o Travel journals/conquest letters, etc.
o Religion and the language during the conversions
Contemporary/modern Europe
React to this feeling of wonderful or awesome
Attempting to domesticate these new dangerous places, peoples,
plants, etc.
1651, Hobbs claims we only know things by their relationship to
something else

European new animals

Llama camel sheep
Porcupine iron pig
Armadillo shield hog
Due to evolution, old world aspects were diminishing
Ex. converting Native Americans since they were similar to
Greeks/Romans
Conquest of America
Genocide
Genus = origin
Cide = to kill
Implies intent to murder
Ex. disease, forced labor, war, murder, etc.
o Mexico devastated by disease due to its population density
No evidence diseases were ever spread with intent
Sovereignty = self-government
Custom = food, culture, norms, habits
How

cities/civilizations grew or fell apart

Technology in it of itself
Technology and how it was used
Disease
Local collaborators
Local opponents
Individuals