Shivaprasad.

P
080922004
MTech CAMDA
1st semester
Topics to discuss

Introduction
-Types of Damping

Hysteresis Damping

Free Vibration with Hysteretic Damper

Forced Vibration with Hysteretic Damper

Examples
Introduction

Damped Vibration :
When the energy of a vibrating system is gradually
dissipated by friction and other resistances, the
vibration is said to be damped.

Types of Damping models

Viscous damping models

Hysteretic damping model
Hysteretic Damper

The damping caused by the friction between the
internal planes that slip or slide as the material
deforms is called hysteresis (or solid or structural)
damping.
Free Vibration with Hysteretic Damper

Consider the spring-viscous damper arrangement

For this system the force needed to cause displacement x(t)

For a harmonic motion of frequency ω and amplitude X,

x(t)=X sin ωt

F(t) = k X sin ωt+ c X ω cos ωt

=

When F versus x is plotted
represents a closed loop.

The area of the loop denotes the
energy dissipated by the damper
in a cycle of motion and is given by

The energy loss in one loading and unloading cycle is equal to
the area enclosed by the hysteresis loop.

The similarity between the
hysteresis loop and Force vs
displacement of spring mass
damper system can be used to
define a hysteresis damping
constant.

It was found experimentally
that the energy loss per cycle due to internal friction is
independent of the frequency but approximately proportional to
the square of the amplitude

The damping coefficient e is assumed to be inversely
proportional to the frequency as

where h is called the hysteresis damping constant.

The energy dissipated by the damper in a cycle of
motion becomes

Complex Stiffness

The spring and the damper
are connected in parallel
The force-displacement relation
can be expressed as

Where

is called the complex stiffness of the system and is a constant indicating

dimensionless measurement of damping.
Response of the system

In terms of β, the energy loss per cycle can be
expressed as

Under hysteresis damping ,the motion can be nearly

considered as harmonic and the decrease in the
amplitude per cycle can be determined using energy
balancing .

Consider
the energies at points P and Q

--------(a)
Similarly, the energies at points Q and R give

------------(b)
Multiplying equation (a) and (b) we have

The hysteresis logarithmic decrement can be defined
as

The equivalent viscous damping ratio is given by

The equivalent damping constant Ceq is given by

Forced Vibration with Hysteresis
Damping

Consider a single degree
system with hysteresis
damper.

The system is subjected to
Harmonic force
F(t)= F0 sin ωt

The equation of motion can be derived as

Where denotes the damping force.

The steady-state solution of equation of motion can be
assumed as

By substituting we have

The amplitude ratio attains its maximum

value of at the resonant frequency in the case

of hysteresis damping, while it occurs at a frequency
below resonance in the case of viscous damping.

The phase angle φ has a value of at ω=0 in the
case of hysteresis damping . This indicates that the
response can never be in phase with the forcing
function in the case of hysteresis damping.
Application

Hysteresis Dampers are used for controlling seismic
response of Bridges and Structures.

Damper brace system

MCB damper system


Stockbridge damper is also an hysteresis damper.

Used to arrest the vortex excitation, which
which tends to produce oscillations of
high frequency ,low amplitude in a
direction transverse to wind stream which
result in fatigue failures.
Reference

Mechanical Vibration by S.S.Rao 4/e, Pearson
Education Inc 2004.

Technical Review Vol. 42 No. 1 (Feb. 2005) ,Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Ltd. Hysteresis Dampers for
Controlling Seismic Response of Bridges and
Structures, by MOTOETSU ISHII, SATORU UEHIRA,
YASUO OGI, KUNIHIRO MORISHITA.

Thank
you.