STRUCTURE OF

A EUKARYOTIC
CELL
i.ORGANELLES
WHICH ARE THE
FOLLOWING:

1.NUCLEUS AN OVALSHAPED OR SPHERICALSHAPED STRUCTURE

USUALLY LOCATED AT THE
CENTER.
IT IS KNOWN AS THE
CONTROL CENTER OF THE
CELL BECAUSE IT REGULATES
AND COORDINATES CELL
ACTIVITIES.

STRUCTURES
RELATED
TO THE
NUCLEUS
a. NUCLEOPLASM OR
KARYOPLASM; FLUID
THAT CONTAINS FREE
NUCLEOTIDES; ALSO
KNOWN AS THE

b. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
A DOUBLE MEMBRANE
THAT HAS NUCLEAR
PORES WHICH SERVE AS
PATHWAYS FOR THE
EXCHANGE OF
MATERIALS BETWEEN
THE NUCLEUS AND THE
CYTOPLASM.

c. NUCLEOLUS
COMPOSED OF RNA
AND PROTEIN
MOLECULES. IT IS
WHERE THE
SUBUNITS OF
RIBOSOMES ARE
FORMED.

d. CHROMATIN
MATERIAL COMPOSED
OF DNA AND PROTEINS.
DURING CELL DIVISION,
THE CHROMATIN COILS
AND BECOME
CONDENSED INTO RODSHAPED STRUCTURES
CALLED

2. ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
CONSISTS OF
FLATTENED SHEETS,
SACS AND TUBES
THAT EXTEND
THROUGHOUT THE
CYTOPLASM.

IT IS STRUCTURALLY
CONTINUOUS WITH
THE NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE AND IT
SPECIALIZES IN THE
TRANSPORT OF LIPIDS
AND MEMBRANE
PROTEINS.

TWO KINDS OF
ER
A. ROUGH ER
FLATTENED
SHEETS STUDDED
ON ITS OUTER

B. SMOOTH ER
WITHOUT ATTACHED
RIBOSOMES AND
USUALLY SERVE AS SITE
FOR LIPID METABOLISM
AS WELL AS FORM
VESICLES FOR
TRANSPORTING LARGE
MOLECULES TO OTHER

3. GOLGI APPARATUS
A SYSTEM OF
FLATTENED ,
MEMBRANE-BOUND
SACS THAT LOOK
LIKE A STACK OF
PANCAKES

IT IS INVOLVED IN
MODIFYING, SORTING
AND PACKAGING
MACROMOLECULES
FOR SECRETION OR
FOR DELIVERY TO
OTHER ORGANELLES.

4. LYSOSOMES
MEMBRANE-BOUND
ORGANELLES
PRODUCED BY THE
GOLGI APPARATUS,
AND THEY COME IN
VARIOUS SHAPES AND
SIZES.

THEY CONTAIN NUMEROUS

HYDROLYTIC OR DIGESTIVE
ENZYMES FOR THE
BREAKDOWN OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN THE CELL.
THEY PLAY A ROLE IN THE
DESTRUCTION OR REPAIR
OF DEFECTIVE PARTS OF
THE CELL.

5. MICROBODIES
MEMBRANEBOUND
ORGANELLES
THAT CONTAIN
OXIDATIVE

THEY ARE ABUNDANT IN

CELLS THAT
METABOLIZE LIPIDS
SUCH AS LIVER CELLS.
IN GERMINATING
SEEDS, THEY CONVERT
FATTY ACIDS INTO
SUGARS NEEDED BY
THE GROWING

6. VACUOLES ARE
LARGE, MEMBRANOUS
STORAGE SACS
IN ANIMAL CELLS,
THEY STORE EITHER
FOOD OR WATER, WHILE
OTHERS ARE FOR
EXCRETION OF WASTE

 IN PLANT CELLS, THEY ARE

VERY LARGE. THEY FUNCTION
FOR INTRACELLULAR
DIGESTION, SPACE FILLING
AND CONTROL OF CELL
TURGOR.
THEY MAY ALSO CONTAIN
PIGMENTS AND TOXIC
MOLECULES

7. MITOCHONDRIA
KNOWN AS THE
POWERHOUSE OF THE
CELL.
THE SITE OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION

8. PLASTIDS ARE
MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES FOUND IN
PLANTS AND CERTAIN
PROTISTS.
THEY SERVE AS
STORAGE OF PIGMENTS
AND STARCH.

KINDS OF
PLASTIDS
A.LEUCOPLASTS
FOR STORAGE
OF STARCH.

B.
CHROMOPLASTS
CONTAIN
PIGMENTS SUCH
AS CAROTENE

C. CHLOROPLASTS
CONTAIN THE
GREEN PIGMENT
CHLOROPHYLL
NEEDED FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

9. RIBOSOMES SOME ARE

BOUND TO THE ER WHILE
OTHERS ARE FREE OR
SUSPENDED IN THE
CYTOSOL. THEY ARE
COMPOSED OF TWO
SUBUNITS A LARGE
SUBUNIT AND A SMALL
SUBUNIT.

THE BOUND
RIBOSOMES MAKE
SECRETORY PROTEINS
WHILE THE FREE
RIBOSOMES PRODUCE
PROTEINS THAT ARE
LOCALIZED IN THE
CYTOSOL.

iii. Plasma
membrane
boundary
of the cell.

ii. Cytoplasm
a
supporting
matrix of
proteins.