Unit #6

TRIGONOMETRY

Objectives:
M8-2
Display and interpret the graphs of functions with the graphs of their inverse and/or reciprocal functions.
M8-6
Manipulate trigonometric expressions.
M8-7
Form and use trigonometric equations.
References:
Delta Maths Chapter 33 - 36
Nulake IAS Workbook 3.3 Trigomometry
Note: Assume angles are in RADIANS unless the degree symbol is there.
Detail

Lesson

Delta

Workbook

Ex 33.1
(conversions)

Radian measure
Right-angled s
Non-right-angled s

Radian Measure: radians = 180o

Use proportion to convert from one to another when/if needed

sin
cos

Right-angle triangle trig identities: be able to show that:

1
plus
homework
time

1
0.5
30
20
10
30
0.5
1
10
20
30
30
0.5
1
10
20
0.5
1
10
20
90
180
270
360

= tan

KNOW: Basic Trig Graphs: y = sinx, y = cosx, y = tanx

Trigonometry Applications in 2 and 3 dimensions- Draw diagrams

a
b
c

sin A sin B sin C

You might need the sine rule

And the cosine rules

Ex 36.1
Ex 36.2

b2 c2 a2
2bc
cosA =

Extension Ex # 36

Applications
Pages 45-51
#138-144

a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cosA
or
And the area rule
area = a b sinC
Basic Trig Graphs
1

y
y = sinx

0.5
90

0.5
1
1

180

270

360

y
y = cosx

0.5
90

0.5

180

270

360

1
30

20

1
1
1
1
90
180
270
360
450
540
630
720

10

2
plus
homework
time

y = tanx
90

10

180

270

360

Trigonometric graphs
Pages 3 10
#1-125-10
Trig graphs and their
transformations
#1 12

20
30

y
1

amplitude
90

period
180

270

360

450

540

630

720

Transformations follow the same rules as for other graphs from L2:
y = V + A sin P (x + H)

[compare with the parabola: y = V + A(x H) 2 ]

A changes the amplitude of the graph. It enlarges vertical values.

P changes the period of the graph i.e. the length of one pattern. New period =
V causes a vertical translation. The graph moves up if V is positive.
H causes a horizontal translation. It changes the phase of the graph.

old period
P

UNIT #6 continued
Lesson

3-4
plus
homework
time
(achieved)

Detail
Trigonometric Equations
Solving equations using the Graphics calculator
Draw separate graphs for each side of the trig equation.
Find all the relevant intersections of the two graphs these are the solutions to the
equation.
But beware!!! For the tangent function the GC appears to give the asymptotes as
solutions too!!! Ignore them!! ! These have many theoretical solutions because trig
functions are periodic.
Usually, the context of a problem limits the number of relevant or meaningful solutions.
General Principles for Solving Trig Equations ALGEBRAICALLY
Isolate the trig function using usual the rules for manipulating terms.
Take the inverse trig expression, LISTING ALL POSSIBILITIES. This is most
easily done by first sketching the basic sin/cos/tan graph, noting the position of
one calculator angle (or principal value) on it,
then using the symmetry of the trig function involved, determine the pattern for all
the other angles
continue to isolate the variable of interest, FOR EACH angle.
In contextual situations, consider the nature of the problem to decide which of the
many possible final values are relevant.
Special triangles. Be ready to recognise special triangle values and use exact
fractions of in answers.

5
plus
homework
time
(achieved)

6
plus
homework
time
(achieved)
7
plus
homework
time
(merit)

sinx

cosx

tanx

6
1
2
3
2
1
3

4
1
2
1
2

3
3
2
1
2

undefined

Delta

Ex 35.3
Ex 35.4

Ex 35.5
Special triangles
These can be
found on the
Calculus
formula sheet!

Trigonometric
Equations: general
solutions
Pages 16-21
#13-32

Start following the steps above:

Isolate the trig function using usual the rules for manipulating terms.
Take the inverse trig expression, inserting ONE POSSIBILITY [], into the form of
the general solution, found on the formula sheet, back page.
Continue to isolate the variable, x, in the usual way
Using Trig Functions as models for real life situations.
Determine which trig function is to be the model.
Identify which transformations of the basic graph are involved.
Sketch a graph that shows all the relevant features.
Solve the equation and choose the relevant solution(s) for the context.

where:

cosecx =

1
sinx

secx =

y = cosecx y = secx y = cotx

1
cosx

cotx =

Trigonometric
Equations: particular
solutions
Pages 11-15
#13-32

General solutions see formula sheet for the patterns to use

Reciprocal Trig functions [and their graphs]

Workbook

1
tanx

To evaluate reciprocal trig expressions, use special triangles wherever possible,

otherwise use the calculator, to do the division:
e.g. sec 60o = 1 cos60o
=1

Ex 33.3
UB questions
Investigation p313

Modelling
Pages 22-25
#51-55

Ex 33.4
Ex 33.5

Reciprocal Trig
functions
Pages 26 - 27
#56 - 61

=2

UNIT #6 continued

8
plus
homework
time
(merit)

9
plus
homework
time
(merit)

10
plus
homework
time
(merit)

More Simple Identities : cos2x + sin2x = 1 (and derivations)

sinx = cos(90o x)
cosx = sin(90 o x)
sinx/cosx = tanx and cosx/sinx = cotx

[
Extension Ex#33

To Prove an Identity, follow this pattern:

LHS = manipulate the left hand side, getting it to look exactly like the right hand side
= .
= RHS when it does, the proof is done!
Identities derived from cos2x + sin2x = 1:
1 + cot 2x = cosec2x and tan2x + 1 = sec2x
Identities: Compound Angle Formulae
sin(A B) = sinAcosB cosAsinB
cos(A B) = cosAcosB sinAsinB
tan(A B) = tanA tanB
1 tanAtanB
Identities: Double Angle Formulae
Sin2A = 2sinAcosB
cos2A = cos2A sin2A
= 2cos2A 1
= 1 2sin2A
tan2A = 2tanA
1 tan2A
Identities: Sums and Products
2sinAcosB = sin(sum) + sin(difference)
2cosAsinB = sin(sum) sin(difference)
2cosAcosB = cos(sum) + cos(difference)
2sinAsinB = cos(difference) cos(sum)

Proving simple
identities
Pages 28 30
#62-79

Pages 318-321
Ex 34.1
Ex 34.2

Pages 321-324
Ex 34.3
Ex 34.4
Ex 34.5

Compound angles
Pages 32-35
#80-99

Pages 324-327
Ex 34.6
Ex 34.7
Ex 34.8

Double angles
Pages 36-37
#100-105

Pages 327-331
Ex 34.9
Ex 34.10
Extension Ex#34

Sums & products

Pages 40-44
#114-137

Merit/Excellence - Some special techniques when solving equations

1.

11
plus
homework
time

2.

(merit)

3.

Factorising quadratic theory

e.g. sin2x + 4sinx = 5
rearranged: sin2x + 4sinx - 5 = 0
factorised:
(sinx + 5)(sinx - 1) = 0
then put each factor = 0, and solve for x separately.
Factorising common factor
e.g. sin2x + 0.5sinx = 0
sinx (sinx + 0.5) = 0
then put each factor = 0, and solve for x separately.
Use the identity that turns sums to products
e.g. sin4x = sin2x
sin4x - sin2x = 0 (use: diff of sines = 2 times cos sum sin diff)
2 cos3x sinx = 0 ( then put each factor = 0)
So 2 cos3x = 0 or sinx = 0 (and solve for x in each new equation, separately)

Practice for the assessment Achieved/Merit/Excellence

There are several Practice tasks that could be done.
Marked work, will allow for more focused revision according to individual needs
Assessment for trigonometry is internal.
The assessment task is expected to be completed over one class period.
It is expected to happen, during time-tabled calculus periods

Pages 343-346
Ex 35.6

Ex 35.7
Extension Ex # 35

Quadratics
Pages 38-39
#106-113

1.Maths End
2. Same but Different
3. Predator Prey
4. Workbook Practice Task

Time last week of Term 2 2015