MultiProtocol

Label Switching


30
- 2001


1. MPLS
MPLS

MPLS: NHRP, IP Switching, Tag switching
MPLS
MPLS:
, IP c ATM FR,
, , QoS,
VPN,


2. MPLS,

- FEC
LSP, LSR, edge LSR
, MPLS

RSVP

LDP

BGP

OSPF IS-IS
LSP
MPLS


3. MPLS
MPLS IGP
FEC
LPD
MPLS ATM FR
MPLS IGP Cisco


4. MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)
Fast ReRouting (FRR)
OSPF (CSPF)
RSVP ext CR-LDP
MPLS TE


5.
MPLS
MPLS DiffServ
DiffServ Aware MPLS TE
AutoBandwidth Cisco


6. MPLS VPN
VPN BGP
MPLS VPN


7. MPLS -
SDH DWDM (Generalized
MPLS)
GMPLS
GMPLS
RSVP CR-LDP SDH
DWDM

 MPLS
IP
:

(VPN)

 MPLS -
IP-
:
/
-

-
: AS, ,
,

 MPLS

-
(IGP)
Traffic Engineering

QoS ( DiffServ
aware DiffServ )
VPN ,



(multicast)
FR

(PVC SVC)

S2
2
2 S1

101-105

3
5

S4

4
1

S3

1
5

S1

S4

S3

101

101

102

102

101

101

101

102

101

101

102

102

102

101

101

101

101

101

102

101

101

102

101

101

 ?

?

 IP
2-

ATM-

IP-
?

 IP
2-

192.40.15.4
R1

R1

R1
192.40.15.4
201.100.10.10

201.100.10.10

195.10.200.0

SVC?

198.10.203.0
196.10.201.0

197.10.202.0

202.200.10.10

 ,
?

+
-

+
+

+
+
+
+
-

Routing updates
RIP, OSPF

Routing protocol

Routing updates
RIP, OSPF

Routing table

Interface

IP-forwarding

Interface

 2. MPLS,

MPLS

MPLS
(2
, : PNNI+Q.2931)

 MPLS

:
IP

(PVC)

 MPLS
LSP (Label Switching
Path)
,
LSR3
Router

LER1

LER9

Router
LER5

LSR2

LSR4

LSR8

LSR7

Edge LSR (LER)

LSR
LER6

MPLS
Router

LSR (Label Switching Router)

IP
MPLS

Router

 MPLS

,
LER?
Router

LSR3
Router

LER1

LER9

LER5

LSR2

LSR8

LSR4

LSR7
LER6

Router

Router

MPLS ,
MPLS

LSR (Label Switching Router)

IP MPLS
LSP (Label Switching Path)

Edge LSR (LER) LSR
- ( )
FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class)

FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class)

FEC - IP-,

( )
, FEC,
MPLS
LSP

FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class)

LER
LER
, MPLS:
- IP-
( hop-by-hop IGP)
- (IP Source, IP Destination, Port Source, Port
Destination, )
QoS
VPN -
VPN
IP- (RTP)

FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class)

FEC, Label
MPLS ,
!
MPLS

IP :
,
IP-:
,
LER, LER


LER explicit rout
LER

 (labels) MPLS
0
1
2
3
01234567890123456789012345678901
Label

| CoS|S|

TTL

Label = 20
CoS (Experimental), 3
S = , 1
TTL = Time to live, 8

MPLS
Ethertypes/PPP PIDs/LLC/SNAP .


MPLS LSRs always forward packets based on the value of the label at
the top of the stack


PPP Header(Packet over
SONET/SDH)
Ethernet
Frame Relay

ATM Cell Header

GFC

PPP Header

Shim Header

Layer 3 Header

Ethernet Hdr

Shim Header

Layer 3 Header

FR HdrL

Shim Header

Layer 3 Header

VPI

VCI

PTI CLP HEC Shim H DATA

VCI

PTI CLP HEC Shim HDATA

Label
Subsequent cells GFC

VPI

Label

 MPLS FR
0
(Octets)0

1
(Octets)
+-----------------------+-----------------------+
|
|
/
Q.922 Address
/
/
(length 'n' equals 2 or 4)
/
|
|
+-----------------------+-----------------------+
|
.
|
/
.
/
/
MPLS packet
/
|
.
|
+-----------------------+-----------------------+
7

(bit

order)
(octet) 0
1

+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|
DLCI(high order)
| 0 | 0 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DLCI(low order)
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

DLCI = Label, Shim

 LER

- OSPF, IS-IS

(1).

(2).

(3).

Traffic
Engineering, QoS, VPN

LDP, CRLDP, RSVP, BGP

(4).

NHLFE

1.

LSR LER


LSR:
/
(Traffic Engineering)
( ..) (Traffic
Engineering)

 +
( MPLS)
IS-IS - TLV (Type Length Value)
OSPF - Opaque LSA

LSR3
Router

LER1

LER9

LER5

LSR2

LSR8

LSR4

LSR7
LER6

Router

Link: LSR7-LER6
State: up
Bandwidth = 155
Unreserved = 103

Router

 LSR

34/12

10/3

10/3

34/8

10/5

5
4

10/5

34/10
34/10

155/103
155/45

2.

LSR: 1-3-5-8

()
() ,
(IGP,
TE, VPN, QoS)
,
MPLS-

 TE
1 6
4 /

34/12

10/5

10/5

34/8

10/5
10/5

10/6

34/20
34/2034/20

20/8

10/8

LSP: 1-2-8-4-7-6

34/3
34/3

5
4
34/20

34/8
155/10334/20
155/45

 LSP (Label Switching Path)

1. Hop-by-hop route - LSR ,

IP-
. IGP-

2. Explicit route - ( )
LER ,

- Traffic
Engineering QoS

(strict) (loose)

10/8

34/12

10/5

34/8

10/5

34/20
34/20 34/20

20/8

10/5

10/5

10/6

34/3
34/3

5
4
34/20

34/8
155/103 34/20
155/45

(strict) LSP: 1-2-8-4-7-6

(loose) : 1-7-6
LSR?

 :
(on-line)
(off-line)

- Constrained Routing Protocol

(, OSPF - CSPF) +

- ,
LER

3.

-
(Label Distribution Protocol) -

:
LSR


LSR

MPLS
:
LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) -
MPLS IGP
RSVP Traffic Engineering
CR-LDP - LDP - Traffic Engineering
BGP - VPN


201

Ingress LER

217

146

5
156

Egress LER

7
null

LSR (egress LER) (ingress LER)
Downstream assigned


LSR9
LSR3

LSR7

LSR9 ,
192.100.0.0/16 IGP:
LSR7 downstream neighbour

192.100.0.0/16

LSR3 upstream neighbour

LSR
() MPLS,
MPLS IGP downstream neighbour Next Hop



LSR9
LSR3
3
L = 12

FEC: 192.100.0.0/16
L = 123
LSR9

Outgoing label LSR3

Incoming label LSR9

LSR7


Downstream

On Demand -
. Downstream LSR
Upstream LSR
FEC
Downstream Unsolicited -
. Downstream
LSR FEC
Upstream LSR.
, MPLS (IGP,
Traffic Engineering ..)


2 (mode) :
- Independent Label Distribution Control
LSR ,
LSR - ,
( )
- Downstream On Demand - ,
LSR
- Downstream Unsolicited - ,
LSR FEC
- Ordered Label Distribution Control
LSR
(egress LSR)
Constraint-based Routing -

 LSR

FEC-T
o-NHLFE, FTN
:

FEC

123.20.0.0 255.255.0.0

106

194.20.0.0 255.255.255.0

107

ingress LER
,
LSP

 Next Hop Label Forwarding

Entry (NHLFE)

LSR

Next Hop
(, MAC)

(
,

Serial 1

Serial 1

Push 245

Serial 1

Serial 2

Pop

Serial 2

106

Serial 3

Swap 107

Next
Hop

NHLF

(, MAC) (
,

Serial 1

106

Serial 1

Swap 215

Serial 1

106

Serial 2

Swap 345

Serial 1

106

Serial 3

Swap 124

: ,

:
Next Hop
LSR,
?

?
?

4.

FTN NHFLE
MPLS LSR (LER)
Shim

FTN
IP-
LSR
MPLS LSR
Shim- IP-

 LSR

Traffic
Engineering

IGP-

IP
IP(FEC)

Traffic
Engineering

RSVP

LDP

OSPF, IS-IS, BGP
IP
MPLS

NHLFE

 LSP

LSR (penultimate LSR) :

1. swap null ( .)
2. pop egress LSR

:
LSR

?

:
LSR,
, NHFLE?

 TTL
:


(scope), ,

MPLS-:
PPP, Ethernet
FR
ATM/FR !


MPLS-ATM/FR
LSR non-TTL

,
TTL
, TTL,
TTL
downstream LSR.
TTL