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Mrs. Lott
NGS
23- February 2016
Sludge Test
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to assess if we can separate and
identify the different substances inside a mixture
Materials:
2 Graduated Cylinders
Funnel
Flask
Alcohol Burner
Alcohol Stand
Rubber Tube
Ice Bath
Timer
Filter Paper
Squeeze Bottle
Pencil
Pen
Water dropper
Evaporating Dish
Watch
Thermometer
Glass
Test Tube(s)
Ruler
Calculator
Electronic Balance
Goggles
Chromatography Paper
Electronic Balance
Scoopula
Procedures:
Part A
1. Get the mass of the sludge
2. Record in the data table
Part B
Part C
Part D
12.
13.
Take the chromatography paper; draw a line across the bottom
(in pencil)
14.
Dip he tip of the scoopula into the substance and make a dot
on the line
15.
16.
17.
Part E
18.
Pour the substance into the big test tube; put rubber stopper
on top
19.
20.
Light the alcohol burner; record the temperature every 30
seconds
21.
Part F
22.
23.
Place rubber tubing into test tube (a); light alcohol burner
24.
Record temperature every 30 seconds switch to test tube (b)
and (c) when plateaus occur
25.
26.
Part G
27.
28.
Waft each fraction to determine a smell ( none, strong, or
medium)
29.
Take the lighter; put a flame to a piece of paper to see if
each fraction is flammable
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Data Tables
Boiling Point
Time
Temp.
Time
Temp.
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
25
27
29
31
34
39
41
39
39
39
61
73
75
75
75
75
75
76
77
79
86
90
92
92
92
92
93
94
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
75
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
77
74
94
94
94
94
94
Chromatography
Color
clear
blue
None
None
Distance
Solute
Traveled
1.5
4.4
None
None
Fractional Distillation
Distance
Solvent
Traveled
5.2
5.2
None
None
Rf
.3
.85
None
None
Time
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
18
18.5
19
Fractio
n 1
27
29
34
39
43
48
73
75
77
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
76
77
94
94
94
Fractio
n 2
Fractio
n 3
31
31
37
39
50
Time
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
19.5
20
20.5
Fractio
n 1
79
Fractio
n 2
Fractio
n 3
83
88
91
92
92.9
93
93
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
Characteristic Property
Odor
Flammability
Density
Boiling
Point
Solubility
Color
Observations
Mixture
Strong
Alcohol
Yes
236.66/126
1.88 g/ml
76 and 94
yes
Original
blue foggy
Fraction 1
Medium
Alcohol
yes
.25 g/ml
Fraction 2
Low Alcohol
Fraction 3
None
no
.47
No
1.00
76
94
no
Clear blue
lining
Little foggy
yes
100
yes
clear
Calculations
236.66g/126mL=1.88g/mL
1.24g/5mL=0.25g/mL
2.38/5mL=0.476g/mL
Conclusion
In this lab we had a sludge that we had to separate without any
of the teachers help. We conducted an experiment using fractional
distillation, boiling point, and chromatography. We first filtered the
sludge because at the bottom it was sand. After we filtered the sludge
we boiled the mixture and recorded the temperature every 30 seconds.
The two temperatures we got at a boiling point for the mixture were 94
degrees Celsius and 76 degrees Celsius. The data means that we got two
substances in our sludge with blue food coloring. The next day we did
fractional distillation. We only got two substances that were
separated from the mixture. We then tested the characteristic
properties of the fractions.
This lab helps us as a class to know what type experiment to
conduct in any circumstance. We know what to do to separate substances
and solids. My group did accomplish our purpose. We separated each
substance and solid from our sludge. We also identified each substance
in our sludge. Our substance that we had in our sludge was Water and
Isopropanol Alcohol. We determined this by looking at the boiling
point and solubility of each fraction.
We had a lot of improvements we could make. I believe we
calculated density wrong. We could work on our density calculations
and accuracy. Our group did not conduct chromatography because of time
management. We also need to work on managing our time and getting our
data organized.