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1H
NMR
SPECTROSCOPY
NMR
Br
OCH2CH3
multiplisitas
konstanta
kopling
standar
TMS
geseran
kimia
ppm
NMR
O
CH2 C CH3
Setiap tipe proton yang berbeda akan muncul pada tempat berbeda
Anda dapat menentukan ada berapa tipe H dalam molekul
Tipe proton = proton dengan lingkungan kimianya
NMR
Integrasi Puncak
METHOD 1
integral line
integral
line
55 : 22 : 33
5:2:3
Integrasi Puncak
NMR
Actually :
58.117 / 11.3
= 5.14
2
21.215 / 11.3
= 1.90
3
33.929 / 11.3
= 3.00
O
CH 2 O C CH 3
METHOD 2
digital
integration
asumsi : CH3
33.929 / 3 = 11.3
NMR
GESERAN KIMIA
NMR
CH3
CH3
O
C H 2C H 2 O C C H 3
CH3
CH3
+ O
C H 3C H 2C H 2 N
O-
C l C H 2C H 2C H 2 C l
O
C H 3C H 2 O C C H 2C H 2 C O C H 2C H 3
NMR
Diamagnetic Anisotropy
garis medan
magnet
Medan magnet
yang di aplikasikan
(Bo) menginduksi
sirkulasi elektron
valensi
Menghasilkan
medan magnet
yang melawan
medan magnet
yang diaplikasikan
Bo applied
B induced
(opposes Bo)
elektron valensi
melindungi
(shielding/
memerisai) inti dari
efek bidang magnet
yang diaplikasikan
NMR
DOWNFIELD
Kurang terperisai
H muncul disini
SPECTRUM
UPFIELD
Sangat terperisai
H muncul disini
CH3
CH3 Si CH3
CH3
TMS
shift in Hz
downfield
NMR
Kuat medan
frekuensi
h =
B
2 o
konstanta
= ( K) Bo
1H
Operating
Frequency
60 Mhz
1.41 T
2.35 T
100 MHz
7.05 T
300 MHz
NMR
TMS
shift in Hz
downfield
NMR
chemical
shift
shift in Hz
spectrometer frequency in MHz
= ppm
NMR
Operating
Frequency
60 Mhz
100 Hz
300 MHz
300 Hz
( 106 )
n MHz
60 Hz
100 MHz
Hz Equivalent
of 1 ppm
1H
= n Hz
ppm
NMR
DOWNFIELD
DESHIELDED
UPFIELD
SHIELDED
CHCl3 , H
TMS
12
RCOOH
11
10
RCHO
H
C=C
CH2F
CH2Cl
CH2Br
CH2I
CH2O
CH2NO2
CH2Ar
C-CH-C
CH2NR2
C
CH2S
C-CH2-C
C C-H
C=C-CH2 C-CH3
CH2-CO
(ppm)
0.7 - 1.3
1.2 - 1.4
1.4 - 1.7
R-C=C-C-H
O
1.6 - 2.6
R-C-C-H
O
2.1 - 2.4
RO-C-C-H
O
2.1 - 2.5
HO-C-C-H
2.1 - 2.5
N C-C-H
2.1 - 3.0
R-C C-C-H
2.1 - 3.0
C-H
R-C C-H
R-N-C-H
2.2 - 2.9
R-S-C-H
2.0 - 3.0
I-C-H
2.0 - 4.0
Br-C-H
2.7 - 4.1
Cl-C-H
3.1 - 4.1
RO-C-H
3.2 - 3.8
HO-C-H
3.2 - 3.8
O
R-C-O-C-H
3.5 - 4.8
O2N-C-H
4.1 - 4.3
F-C-H
4.2 - 4.8
R-C=C-H
4.5 - 6.5
H
6.5 - 8.0
O
R-C-N-H
5.0 - 9.0
O
R-C-H
9.0 - 10.0
O
R-C-O-H
11.0 - 12.0
2.3 - 2.7
1.7 - 2.7
NMR
asam
COOH
aldehid
CHO
benzen
CH
alkena
=C-H
C-H dimana C
terikat pada
atom
elektronegatif
X-C-H
12
10
CH dimana
C sebelah aliphatik
ikatan
C-H
pi bonds
X=C-C-H
3
NMR
FAKTOR-FAKTOR
YANG
MEMPENGARUHI
GESERAN KIMIA
NMR
Cl
Unsur
elektronegatif
NMR CHART
low field
semakin deshielding
Unsur X
Keelektronegatifan X
Geseran Kimia
Paling
tidak
terperisai
CH3Br CH3I
CH4 (CH3)4Si
Cl
Br
Si
4.0
3.5
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.1
1.8
4.26
3.40
3.05
2.68
2.16
0.23
TMS
deshielding meningkat sejalan
dengan peningkatan
keelektronegatifan atom X
-CH2-Br
3.30
-CH2-CH2Br
1.69
-CH2-CH2CH2Br
1.25
ppm
Bidang Anisotropic
NMR
asam
COOH
aldehid
CHO
benzen
CH
alkena
=C-H
C-H dimana C
terikat pada
atom
elektronegatif
X-C-H
12
10
CH dimana
C sebelah aliphatik
ikatan
C-H
pi bonds
X=C-C-H
3
Bidang Anisotropic
NMR
Circulating electrons
Bo
Deshielded
fields add together
NMR
Bidang Anisotropic
fields add
digeser ke
downfield
C=C
H
Bo
H
secondary
magnetic
(anisotropic)
field lines
NMR
Bidang Anisotropic
H
C
C
H
Bo
Shielded
fields subtract
hydrogens
are shielded
secondary
magnetic
(anisotropic)
field
NMR
Ikatan Hidrogen
R
O
H
O
R
O R
NMR
Ikatan Hidrogen
O
O
C R
R C
O
H3C O
H
O
NMR
PEMECAHAN
PUNCAK SPEKTRUM
(SPLITTING)
NMR
SPIN-SPIN SPLITTING
Quintet
Septet
Octet
Nonet
NMR
Contoh spektrum
integral = 2
Cl H
H C C Cl
integral = 1
triplet
Cl H
doublet
Pemecahan puncak
spektrum dapat diprediksi
NMR
H
triplet
H
doublet
NMR
ATURAN N+1
H
2 atom H tetangga
n+1 = 3
triplet
H
1 atom tetangga
n+1 = 2
doublet
MULTIPLETS
singlet
doublet
triplet
quartet
quintet
sextet
septet
NMR
1)
X CH CH Y
no splitting if x=y
2)
no splitting if x=y
H
or
C
H
NMR
3)
or
CH3
H
YES
YES
CH3
CH3
NO
NO
NMR
CH3 CH
(x=y)
CH2 CH
X CH2 CH2 Y
(x=y)
CH3 CH2
CH3
CH
CH3
NMR
CONTOH SPLITTING
Br CH2CH3
NMR
CONTOH SPLITTING
H
CH3
CH3
+
N
O
O-
NMR
CONTOH SPLITTING
O
CH3 C
NMR
KONSTANTA KOPLING
J
H H
C C H
H H
6
200 MHz
5
Pemisahan
lebih besar
Geseran
tergantung pada
kekuatan medan
magnet
3
100 Hz
100 MHz
7.5 Hz
J = 7.5 Hz
3
400 Hz
1
200 Hz
7.5 Hz
J = 7.5 Hz
ppm
NMR
50 MHz
J = 7.5 Hz
Overlapping
multiplets are
separated.
100 MHz
J = 7.5 Hz
3
200 MHz
Second-order
effects are
minimized.
J = 7.5 Hz
NMR
H H
C C
2J
0)
NMR
NMR
vicinal
C C
H
C C
trans
H
H
cis
H
C C
geminal
3 ikatan
11 to 18 Hz
3 ikatan
6 to 15 Hz
3 ikatan
0 to 5 Hz
2 ikatan
3J
3J
3J
2J
Ha,Ha = 8 to 14
Hax
Heq
Heq
6 to 8 Hz
Hax
Ha,He = 0 to 7
He,He = 0 to 5
3 ikatan
3J
NMR
cis
6 to 12 Hz
trans
4 to 8 Hz
C
C H
H
C C
3 ikatan
4 to 10 Hz
3 ikatan
0 to 3 Hz
4 ikatan
0 to 3 Hz
4 ikatan
3J
3J
4J
C H
H C C C
4J
H
long-range couplings biasanya kecil (<3 Hz) dan lebih sering
tidak terjadi (0 Hz).
NMR
CINCIN BENZEN
NMR
Circulating electrons
Bo
Deshielded
NMR
R = alkil (only)
NMR
CH3
NMR
unshared
pair
.. ..
X = ..
OH, ..
OR,
NH2, NR2,
.... ..
-O(CO)CH
..
3
ester
..
:O
:O
:O
:-
:O
:
.. -
NMR
O CH3
Compare:
CH3
shielded
NMR
3. Subtituen Karbonil
O
H
H H
O
H
NMR
CH3
H
3
Compare:
CH3
deshielded
NMR
Y
Y
NMR
NMR
3
OCH3
CHCl3 impurity
NMR
Br
OCH2CH3
4
2
NMR
X'
X=Y
X ~ X
seluruh H
ekuivalen
X=X
gugus sama
NMR
H2N
OCH2CH3
NMR
6
CH3
CH3
NMR
H
R
C
O
NMR
CH3CH2 OH
NMR
R-O-Ha + R-O-Hb
R-O-Hb + R-O-Ha
NMR
COOH
1
O
CH3 CH C OH
Cl
~12 ppm