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How far did the Pre-Reformation Church meet the needs of the people?

Argument: That the Church, weakened by 14th C and conciliarism, failed to


adapt to the changes of the 15th C. (Growing bureaucratisation). In response to
this, one can see elements of the Reformation emerge.
1) The changes caused by the vernacular/printing revolution. The growth of
national divisions within Church (Cameron and Swanson). Lack of success for
movements who couldn't benefit from printing (MacCulloch)
2) The increase in individualism and rival doctrines. (Swanson) Anticlericalism
(Cameron). Humanism, esp. Erasmus (Cameron). Mysticism and rejection of
Church and Social norms (Rubin). Lollardy and Hussitism and need for historical
support (MacCulloch).
3) Church historical problems -- conciliarism and legacy of 14th C. (Swanson and
Gordon). Overextension of responsibilities (Cameron)
4) The practices of the Church. The importance of perception of Church over
reality. (Swanson). (Because they interacted with impoverished Church Peasantry
and observed rich Church Elites [Cameron]). The links between Church and state
and the other conflicts of interest (Cameron). The increase of bureaucracy and
how it limited credibility (Cameron).

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