Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 8

/>L> i>>` V >

`
*

,
"*, "
*1"
, 
-,"/ ,, ,
,/
,"/
6 <+1 , "

%NVELHECIMENTO
E MEMRIA
FOCO NA DOENA
DE !LZHEIMER

,
"*, "
i*1"
, 
Kvii`>
1i`>`ii`i>`i
>i>
-,"/ ,, ,
jvi`>
1i`>`ii`i>`
,`i>i
,/
,"/
i6 <+1 , "K
vii`>*vV>
1i`>`i
>V>`
,>`i`-

DXPHQWR GD H[SHFWDWLYD GH


YLGD GD SRSXODomR DOLDGR
j GUiVWLFD UHGXomR GD WD[D
GH IHFXQGLGDGH UHJLVWUDGD
QDV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV WHP
DFDUUHWDGR XP LQFUHPHQWR
VLJQLFDWLYRQDSURSRUomRGH
LQGLYtGXRV LGRVRV QR %UDVLO
&KDLPRZLF]  $ SUR
SRUomR GH LQGLYtGXRV FRP
LGDGHLJXDORXVXSHULRUD
DQRVSDVVRXGHHP
SDUDHPHVWLPDQ
GRVH TXH FKHJXH D 
HP ,]TXLHUGR 3DUWLFXODUPHQWH
H[SUHVVLYRpRDXPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHLQ
GLYtGXRVQDIDL[DHWiULDLJXDORXVXSHULRUD
DQRVRVFKDPDGRVLGRVRVPXLWRLGR
VRV ,]TXLHUGR  6TXLUH  .DQGHO
 
$VSHVVRDVQmRVyHVWmRYLYHQGRPDLV
PDVWDPEpPHQYHOKHFHQGRGHPDQHLUDPDLV
VDGLD3RUH[HPSORHPXPHVWXGRUHDOL]DGR
QRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVHPTXHVHDFRPSDQKRX
SRUDQRVXPDSRSXODomRGHLGRVRV
GDVSHVVRDVHQWUHHDQRVDUPDUDP
QmR SDGHFHU GH QHQKXPD LQFDSDFLGDGH H
GRVGHPDLVGHDQRVIRUDPFRQVL
GHUDGRVFRPSOHWDPHQWHIXQFLRQDLV 6TXLUH
.DQGHO 
1D LGDGH PXLWR DYDQoDGD DXPHQWD D
LQFLGrQFLDGHGRHQoDVQHXURGHJHQHUDWLYDV
GHQWUHDVTXDLVDVTXHVHGHQRPLQDPGH
PrQFLDV GHSDUWtFXODSULYDWLYDPrQFLDGR
ODWLPPHQVPHQWH/LWHUDOPHQWHSHUGDGD
PHQWH $VGHPrQFLDVUHFHEHPHVVHQRPH
SRUTXHFRPSURPHWHPGHIRUPDVLJQLFD
WLYD D PHPyULD H WDPEpP RXWUDV IXQo}HV
FRJQLWLYDV FRP LQWHQVLGDGH VXILFLHQWH
SDUD SURGX]LU SHUGD IXQFLRQDO LQFOXLQGR
DWp HYHQWXDOPHQWH D UHDOL]DomR GH DWLYL
GDGHVGDYLGDGLiULDRXRUHFRQKHFLPHQWR
GH SHVVRDV H OXJDUHV GR HQWRUQR KDELWXDO
RSUySULROKRDSUySULDFDVD  6TXLUH 
.DQGHO 
$ PDLV LPSRUWDQWH GDV GHPrQFLDV p
D GRHQoD GH $O]KHLPHU '$  &KDLPR
ZLF]+HUUHUD-UHWDO (VWD
VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU XPD SHUGD LQWHQVD GH
FDSDFLGDGHFRJQLWLYDFRPGLPLQXLomRGH
PHPyULDGHFODUDWLYD LVWRpDTXHODTXHRV

{{

LQGLYtGXRVSRGHPGHFODUDUTXHH[LVWHHRX
UHFRQKHFHP FRPR PHPyULD  ,]TXLHUGR
 HGLFXOGDGHVGHFRPXQLFDomREHP
FRPRVLQWRPDVSVLTXLiWULFRVFRPRDSDWLD
GHSUHVVmR H DJLWDomRDJUHVVLYLGDGH HVWDV
~OWLPDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH QD IDVH LQLFLDO GD
'$)UHTHQWHPHQWHD'$QmRpGHWHFWDGD
GXUDQWHRVSULPHLURVPHVHVGHVHXSHUFXUVR
TXDQGRVHDSUHVHQWDPRVSULPHLURVVLQWRPDV
GHGLFXOGDGHVGHPHPyULD6HXGLDJQyVWLFR
GHQLWLYRpDLQGDKRMHGHSHQGHQWHGRH[D
PHKLVWRSDWROyJLFRGRFpUHEURSRVWPRUWHP
(PYLGDRGLDJQyVWLFRGH'$SURYiYHOp
UHDOL]DGR SRU H[FOXVmR GH RXWUDV IRUPDV
GHGHPrQFLDV YHUDVHJXLU HGDDSOLFDomR
GHWHVWHVQHXURSVLFROyJLFRVHVSHFLDOPHQWH
GHVHQKDGRVSDUDDYDOLDUDFDSDFLGDGHFRJ
QLWLYDGRVSDFLHQWHV6RPHVHjGLFXOGDGH
GHGLDJQyVWLFRSUHFRFHGDGRHQoDRIDWRGH
TXHDLQGDQmRH[LVWHPWUDWDPHQWRVHIHWLYRV
FDSD]HV GH FXUDU RX LPSHGLU R FXUVR GD
'$ QHP WDPSRXFR PpWRGRV SUHYHQWLYRV
GHPRQVWUDGDPHQWHHFD]HV
8PGRVJUDQGHVGHVDRVTXHDVRFLHGDGH
EUDVLOHLUDHQIUHQWDUiQDVSUy[LPDVGpFDGDV
SRUWDQWRVHUiFRPRHQYHOKHFHUHYLWDQGRR
DSDUHFLPHQWRGHGRHQoDVGHVVDQDWXUH]D
0XLWRV RXWURV TXDGURV SDWROyJLFRV
FRPSURPHWHPWDPEpPDFRJQLomRPDVDV
VtQGURPHVUHVXOWDQWHVHPERUDGHPrQFLDV
VmR jV YH]HV SRWHQFLDOPHQWH UHYHUVtYHLV
FRPRDGHSUHVVmRVHYHUDRDOFRROLVPRR
KLSRWLUHRLGLVPRRXDKLGURFHIDOLD(PPXL
WDVRFDVL}HVRFRPSURPHWLPHQWRYDVFXODU
VHFXQGiULRjDWHURVFOHURVHSRGHFRQVWLWXLU
XP IDWRU GHWHUPLQDQWH RX DJUDYDQWH GDV
GLVIXQo}HVFRJQLWLYDVGRVLGRVRVHRXGDV
GHPrQFLDV

 -   "- "-"1mRVHGHYHFRQIXQGLUDFKDPDGDVtQ


GURPHDPQpVLFDEHQLJQDGRVLGRVRVFRPDV
GHPrQFLDV$VtQGURPHDPQpVLFDEHQLJQD
UHVXOWD SURYDYHOPHQWH GD GLPLQXLomR UH
ODWLYD GR Q~PHUR WRWDO GH QHXU{QLRV HRX
GD PHQRU YHORFLGDGH GR X[R VDQJtQHR
UHJLRQDO FHUHEUDO &RQVLVWH HP OHYHV GLV

, 6-/1-*]-K*>]x]{{]iiLiL

IXQo}HVQDHYRFDomR UHFRUGDomR GHPH


PyULDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHUHFHQWHV ,]TXLHUGR
 6TXLUH  .DQGHO  0HVXODP
 )UHTHQWHPHQWHRVLQGLYtGXRVQmR
FRQVHJXHPOHPEUDUGHDOJRRXGHDOJXpP
GXUDQWHKRUDVDWpTXHPDLVWDUGHDHYRFDomR
DSDUHFHPXLWDVYH]HVGHVXUSUHVD QRPHLR
GDQRLWHSRUH[HPSOR 
0XLWRVSHQVDPTXHWDOYH]DFDXVDSULQ
FLSDOGHVVHTXDGURQmRVHMDWDQWRRUJkQLFD
TXDQWR GHYLGR D UD]}HV HPRFLRQDLV RX
VHQWLPHQWDLV YLQFXODGDV FRP D PHPyULD
,]TXLHUGR   2 LGRVR SUHIHUH OHP
EUDUVHGRVWHPSRVLGRVFRPRDTXHOHVTXH
%RUJHV FKDPDYD GD IHOLFLGDGH WHPSRV
HPTXHVXDFDSDFLGDGHItVLFDHDIHWLYDHUDP
PDLRUHVHQRVTXDLVQmRSDGHFLDGHDUWULWH
LQVXFLrQFLDVRUJkQLFDVRXSHUGDVGHVHUHV
TXHULGRVFRPRVmRRVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DPD
YHOKLFH
$DPQpVLDEHQLJQDDSDUHFHWDPEpPHP
SHVVRDVMRYHQVRXGHPHLDLGDGHVXEPHWLGDV
D FDQVDoR HVWUHVVH RX VLPSOHV QHUYR
VLVPR1mRpSRUWDQWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGD
LGDGHDYDQoDGDQHPFRQVWLWXLXPVLQDOGH
HQYHOKHFLPHQWR SUHPDWXUR RX QmR 6XDV
FDXVDVGHYHPVHUSURFXUDGDVQDVLRORJLD
QRUPDO GD UHJXODomR GDV PHPyULDV SHORV
VLVWHPDVPRGXODGRUHVGRFpUHEUR ,]TXLHU
GR,]TXLHUGRHWDO,]TXLHUGR
HWDOVG


 
  " 

GRHQWHVFDOFXODVHXPFXVWRWRWDOGH
PLOGyODUHVSRUSDFLHQWH 6TXLUH .DQGHO
+HUUHUD-UHWDO (VWLPDVH
WDPEpPTXHRVFXVWRVGLUHWRVHLQGLUHWRV
SDUDDHFRQRPLDDPHULFDQDGHFRUUHQWHVGR
FXLGDGRFRPSDFLHQWHVFRPD'$SRVVDP
FKHJDU D  ELOK}HV GH GyODUHV SRU DQR
6TXLUH .DQGHO+HUUHUD-UHWDO
 QRV(8$XPYDORUHTXLYDOHQWHDR
3,%GHPXLWRVSDtVHVPpGLRV
(PHVWXGRHSLGHPLROyJLFREUDVLOHLURQD
FLGDGHGH&DWDQGXYD 63 HPTXHIRUDP
DYDOLDGRV  LQGLYtGXRV FRP LGDGHV
DFLPDGHDQRVGHPrQFLDIRLGLDJQRV
WLFDGD HP  LGRVRV FRUUHVSRQGHQGR D
XPD SUHYDOrQFLD GH  +HUUHUD -U HW
DO   1D IDL[D HWiULD GH  DQRV RX
PDLVIRLGLDJQRVWLFDGDGHPrQFLDHP
GRVLQGLYtGXRV$'$IRLDSULQFLSDOFDXVD
GH GHPrQFLD UHVSRQViYHO SRU  GRV
FDVRV$SUHYDOrQFLDGHGHPrQFLDDXPHQ
WRXFRPDLGDGHHIRLPDLRUQDVPXOKHUHV
DOpPGHFRUUHODFLRQDUVHLQYHUVDPHQWHFRP
D HVFRODULGDGH  HQWUH SHVVRDV FRP
HVFRODULGDGHLJXDORXVXSHULRUDDQRVH
 HQWUH RV DQDOIDEHWRV  (PERUD RV
GDGRVHSLGHPLROyJLFRVGLVSRQtYHLVDUHV
SHLWR GD GHPrQFLD QR %UDVLO DLQGD VHMDP
PXLWR HVFDVVRV HVWLPDVH TXH WHQKDPRV
QDSRSXODomREUDVLOHLUDFHUFDGHPLO
LGRVRV !DQRV FRPGHPrQFLDHP
GRVTXDLVPLOFRP'$

- -"
1, -]
1, -

<  ,

-/,1/1,- "-  "-

$SUHYDOrQFLDGHGHPrQFLDHPJHUDOH
GDGRHQoDGH$O]KHLPHUHPSDUWLFXODUDX
PHQWDGHIRUPDVLJQLFDWLYDFRPDLGDGH
$ SURSRUomR GD SRSXODomR TXH DSUHVHQWD
DOWHUDo}HVFRJQLWLYDVGHFRUUHQWHVGD'$RX
GHRXWUDVGRHQoDVQHXURGHJHQHUDWLYDVHP
SDtVHVGHVHQYROYLGRVSDUHFHVHUGH
QDIDL[DHWiULDDFLPDGHDQRV ,]TXLHUGR
+HUUHUD-UHWDO 
2VFXVWRVSDUDDVD~GHS~EOLFDGRFXL
GDGRGHSDFLHQWHVQHVVDVLWXDomRQmRIRUDP
DLQGDULJRURVDPHQWHHVWLPDGRVQR%UDVLO
PDVQRV(8$TXHSRVVXHPPLOK}HVGH

" /6"-+1 - " - ,6


  6   
"  <  ,
$V EDVHV ELRTXtPLFDV H FHOXODUHV GRV
VLQWRPDVFRJQLWLYRVHFRPSRUWDPHQWDLVGD
TXHGDGDPHPyULDREVHUYDGDFRPDLGDGH
DYDQoDGD H QD '$ WrP UHFHELGR JUDQGH
DWHQomRQDOLWHUDWXUDFLHQWtFDPXQGLDOH
HPERUDQmRHVWHMDPFRPSOHWDPHQWHHOXFL

, 6-/1-*]-K*>]x]{{]iiLiL

{x

GDGDVSURSRUFLRQDPXPSRQWRGHSDUWLGD
SDUDDFRPSUHHQVmRGDVPRGLFDo}HVTXH
DSDUHFHPGXUDQWHRHQYHOKHFLPHQWRQRUPDO
HSDWROyJLFR
'HQLU FRPR DV DOWHUDo}HV QHXURTXt
PLFDV REVHUYDGDV HP PRGHORV DQLPDLV
JHQHWLFDPHQWH PRGLILFDGRV DOWHUDP R
FRPSRUWDPHQWR H D FDSDFLGDGH FRJQLWLYD
p XPD GDV SULQFLSDLV PHWDV SDUD UHYHODU
QRYRVDOYRVWHUDSrXWLFRVSDUDRWUDWDPHQWR
GHGRHQoDV$OpPGLVVRGHWHUPLQDUSURFHV
VRVELRTXtPLFRVHPROHFXODUHVHQYROYLGRV
FRPDSUHQGL]DGRHFRPDVGLIHUHQWHVHWD
SDV DTXLVLomR FRQVROLGDomR HYRFDomR
H[WLQomR HIRUPDV FXUWDHORQJDGXUDomR
GHFODUDWLYDHQmRGHFODUDWLYD GHPHPyULD
HP PRGHORV DQLPDLV GH HQYHOKHFLPHQWR
RXPRGHORVUHOHYDQWHVSDUDD'$pGHH[
WUHPDLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR
GHQRYRVIiUPDFRVHSDUDRWUDWDPHQWRGH
DOWHUDo}HVELRTXtPLFDVTXHLQXHQFLDPQD
SDWRJHQLDGHVVDGRHQoD
$LPSRUWDQWHUHYLVWD1DWXUH0HGLFLQH
GHVWDFRXFRPRXPGRVSULQFLSDLVDYDQoRV
QRHVWXGRGD'$QRV~OWLPRVDQRVRGHVHQ
YROYLPHQWRGHFDPXQGRQJRVJHQHWLFDPHQWH
PRGLFDGRV TXH UHSURGX]HP DOWHUDo}HV
SDWROyJLFDVGHVVDGRHQoD ,]TXLHUGRHWDO
VG $OJXQV GHVVHV PRGHORV EDVHLDPVH
QD FKDPDGD KLSyWHVH FROLQpUJLFD GD '$
VHJXQGRDTXDODIDOKDGHPHFDQLVPRVFR
OLQpUJLFRVQRORERWHPSRUDOHRXWUDVUHJL}HV
GR FpUHEUR VmR D EDVH GD GRHQoD 1DWXUH
0HGLFLQH  :RQJ HW DO  $V
EUDVFROLQpUJLFDVWrPRULJHPHPQ~FOHRV
ORFDOL]DGRVQRSURVHQFpIDOREDVDOHVSHFLDO
PHQWHRQ~FOHREDVDOGH0H\QHUWTXHVH
SURMHWDPSDUDH[WHQVDViUHDVFRUWLFDLVHSDUD
DIRUPDomRKLSRFDPSDOHVWD~OWLPDFKDYH
SDUDDIRUPDomRGHPHPyULDV ,]TXLHUGRHW
DO 2GpFLWFROLQpUJLFRHVWiUHOD
FLRQDGRDDOJXQVGRVVLQWRPDVFRJQLWLYRV
TXHRFRUUHPQDGRHQoDHFRQVWLWXLDEDVH
VLRSDWROyJLFDSDUDXPDGDVGXDVPRGDOLGD
GHVGHWUDWDPHQWRIDUPDFROyJLFRDWXDOPHQWH
GLVSRQtYHO +HUUHUD-UHWDO:RQJ
HWDO&DFFDPRHWDO 
/LQKDJHQV GH FDPXQGRQJRV JHQHWLFD
PHQWHPRGLFDGRVTXHUHSURGX]HPPXWD
o}HVGHWHFWDGDVHPFDVRVIDPLOLDUHVGH'$
WrPFRQWULEXtGRSDUDRHQWHQGLPHQWRGDV

, 6-/1-*]-K*>]x]{{]iiLiL

EDVHVPROHFXODUHVGHVVDGRHQoD :RQJHW
DO%DUWXV HVXJHUHPSRVVL
ELOLGDGHVWHUDSrXWLFDV %DUWXV ,QWH
UHVVDQWHpRIDWRGHTXHGURJDVFROLQpUJLFDV
FRPDomRVREUHUHFHSWRUHVGHDFHWLOFROLQD
GRWLSR0UHGX]HPDVVLQWRPDWRORJLDVELR
TXtPLFD &DFFDPRHWDO HFRPSRU
WDPHQWDO %DUWXV GHFDPXQGRQJRV
FRPDOWHUDo}HVJHQpWLFDVTXHSHUWXUEDPD
IXQomRFROLQpUJLFDFHUHEUDO
1HVVHFRQWH[WRQyVREWLYHPRVVXFHVVR
QRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHHVWUDWpJLDVTXHSHU
PLWHPPDLRUFRPSUHHQVmRGHPHFDQLVPRV
ELRTXtPLFRVHQYROYLGRVQRDSUHQGL]DGRHQD
PHPyULDHPPDPtIHURV %DUWXV &D
PXQGRQJRVJHQHWLFDPHQWHPRGLFDGRVTXH
H[SUHVVDPGHPDQHLUDUHGX]LGDDSURWHtQD
GH WUDQVSRUWH UiSLGR GD DFHWLOFROLQD 9$
&K7 SDUDRWHUPLQDOFROLQpUJLFRSDGHFHP
GHGLYHUVRVWUDQVWRUQRVFRJQLWLYRVTXHVH
DVVHPHOKDPDRVREVHUYDGRVQRVSDFLHQWHV
KXPDQRVFRP'$
$FRPSUHHQVmRGHVVDVDOWHUDo}HVpGH
IXQGDPHQWDOLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDDHOXFLGDomR
GH PHFDQLVPRV H DOWHUDo}HV SDWROyJLFDV
VLPLODUHV HP KXPDQRV LGRVRV SURSHQVRV
DR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH '$ 3UDGR HW DO
  OHYDQGR j GLPLQXLomR WDQWR GRV
GpFLWV FRJQLWLYRV TXDQWR GDV DOWHUDo}HV
SDWROyJLFDV'RSRQWRGHYLVWDGDLGHQWLFD
omRGRVPHFDQLVPRVGHGLVIXQomRQHXURQDO
UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD SHUGD GH PHPyULD QDV
IDVHV LQLFLDV GD '$ HYLGrQFLDV UHFHQWHV
WrPLQGLFDGRTXHRVSULQFLSDLVYLO}HVVmR
SHTXHQRVDJUHJDGRVFKDPDGRVGHROLJ{
PHURVGHXPSHSWtGHRFRQKHFLGRFRPR
`DPLOyLGH )HUUHLUD9LHLUD 'H)HOLFH
 TXHpSURGX]LGRQRFpUHEURDSDUWLU
GDTXHEUDGHXPDSURWHtQDSUHFXUVRUDFKD
PDGD$33 GR LQJOrV DP\ORLG SUHFXUVRU
SURWHLQ (PFRQGLo}HVQRUPDLVRSHSWtGHR
`DPLOyLGHQmRpWy[LFRSDUDRVQHXU{QLRV
PDV RV DJUHJDGRV TXH VH DFXPXODP GH
IRUPD HOHYDGD QR FpUHEUR GRV SDFLHQWHV
'$ VmR SRWHQWHPHQWH QHXURWy[LFRV 8P
GRVHIHLWRVGRVROLJ{PHURVGH`DPLOyLGH
TXHGHVFREULPRVUHFHQWHPHQWHpDDWLYDomR
GHVFRQWURODGD GH XP WLSR HVSHFLDOPHQWH
LPSRUWDQWHGHUHFHSWRUSUHVHQWHQDPHP
EUDQDGRVQHXU{QLRVRVUHFHSWRUHV10'$
'H)HOLFHHWDO 5HFHSWRUHV10'$

, 6-/1-*]-K*>]x]{{]iiLiL

GHVHPSHQKDPSDSHOHVVHQFLDOQDSODVWLFL
GDGHGDVVLQDSVHVTXHHVWiLQWLPDPHQWH
UHODFLRQDGDDRVSURFHVVRVGHIRUPDomRGH
PHPyULD$VVLPHVVHVDFKDGRVSRGHPVHU
GHLQWHUHVVHSDUDHQWHQGHUPRVFRPRVHGi
DSHUGDGHIXQomRTXHUHVXOWDQDLQFDSD
FLGDGHGHIRUPDUQRYDVPHPyULDVQD'$
eLQWHUHVVDQWHWDPEpPQRWDUTXHDGLPL
QXLomRGDIRUPDomRHDF~PXORFHUHEUDOGR
SHSWtGHR`DPLOyLGHSHUPLWHUHFXSHUDomR
FRJQLWLYDHPFDPXQGRQJRVJHQHWLFDPHQWH
PRGLFDGRV :RQJHWDO&DFFDPR
HWDO3UDGRHWDO 

"  " ",


*/"$
 " "-"
$VGHPrQFLDVVmRGRHQoDVFRPGpFLW
FRJQLWLYRSURQXQFLDGRHSURJUHVVLYRFXMD
LQFLGrQFLDpPDLRUQRVLGRVRV0DVLVVRQmR
TXHUGL]HUTXHDRDWLQJLUPRVFHUWDLGDGH
YLYHPRV QXP HVWDGR SUpSDWROyJLFR TXH
DFDEDQD'$RXHPRXWUDIRUPDGHGHPrQ
FLD'DPHVPDIRUPDVHUFULDQoDQmRpXP
HVWDGRSUpSDWROyJLFRSDUDDYDULFHODRXD
FDWDSRUD6LPSOHVPHQWHQRVLGRVRVXPD
VpULHGHUD]}HV DSULQFLSDOGDVTXDLVTXH
VHVDLEDDWpKRMHDGLPLQXLomRGRQ~PHUR
GHQHXU{QLRVHGHVLQDSVHVTXHRFRUUHDR
ORQJRGRVDQRV UHGX]ROLPLDUGDDSDULomR
GHXPTXDGURGHPHQFLDOVHFXQGiULRDDO
JXPIDWRUSDWROyJLFRGHWHUPLQDGR3RUpP
QDLPHQVDPDLRULDGRVFDVRVHVVHTXDGUR
GHPHQFLDO QmR VH PDQLIHVWD H RV LQGLYt
GXRVHQYHOKHFHPGHPDQHLUDVXDYHVHP
FRPSURPHWLPHQWRV FRJQLWLYRV GLJQRV GH
WUDWDPHQWR0DVRPHVPRFRVWXPDQmRWHU
FRQVHTrQFLDVIXQFLRQDLVHRVLQGLYtGXRV
FRQVHJXHP VH GHVHPSHQKDU QD YLGD GH
PDQHLUD QRUPDO RX SHOR PHQRV EDVWDQWH
QRUPDO
1RFDVRGRVTXDGURVGHPHQFLDLVVH
FXQGiULRV j DWHURVFOHURVH RXWURUD WLGRV
FRPRRVSULQFLSDLVHRVPDLVSUHYDOHQWHV 
jLQIHFomRSRUSUtRQSDWROyJLFR GRHQoD
GH&UHXW]IHOG-DNRE DRDOFRROLVPRDGL
YHUVDVDOWHUDo}HVGRPHWDEROLVPROLStGHR
GRHQoDGH3LFN HWFRIDWRUSDWROyJLFR

{n

pFRQKHFLGR1D'$HQWUHWDQWRDVEDVHV
GDSDWRJrQHVHDLQGDQmRVmREHPFRQKH
FLGDV6DEHPRVEDVWDQWHVREUHVXDVEDVHV
PROHFXODUHV H VREUH DV UHJL}HV DIHWDGDV
RKLSRFDPSRHRFyUWH[HQWRUULQDOHP
SULPHLUROXJDUTXHVmRDViUHDVSULQFLSDLV
PDVQmRDV~QLFDVGDFRJQLomR &DL[HWD
 ,]TXLHUGR HW DO  %RWWLQR
/DNV %OD\ PDVQmRVDEHPRV
DVFDXVDVtQWLPDVTXHOHYDPjVDOWHUDo}HV
GD IXQomR FROLQpUJLFD QHP j IRUPDomR
GDVSODFDVDPLOyLGHVHGRVHPDUDQKDGRV
ILEULODUHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV GD GRHQoD 6y
VDEHPRVTXHWDLVSODFDVHHPDUDQKDGRV
RFRUUHP QXPD EDL[D SURSRUomR HP KX
PDQRV DVVLPFRPRHPRXWURVSULPDWDV
H HP FDFKRUURV  LGRVRV H TXH QmR VmR
DFRPSDQKDGRV GH DOWHUDomR FRJQLWLYD
DOJXPD4XDOROLPLDUSDUDTXHHVVDDOWH
UDomRVHPDQLIHVWHRXVHpGHIDWRXPD
TXHVWmRGHOLPLDUQmRVDEHPRV0XLWR
PHQRVSRUTXHDOJXPDVIRUPDVGH'$ DV
PDLVSUHFRFHV WrPXPDRULJHPIDPLOLDU
HRXWUDVIRUPDVGDGRHQoDQmR

"
1-"
1DLPHQVDPDLRULDGRVFDVRVRHQYH
OKHFLPHQWRQmRVHDFRPSDQKDGHDOWHUDo}HV
FRJQLWLYDVDOpPGHXPDOHYHHJHUDOPHQWH
LQWUDQVFHQGHQWHGLPLQXLomRGDFDSDFLGDGH
GH HYRFDomR FRQKHFLGD FRPR DPQpVLD
EHQLJQD GR LGRVR 0DV QXPD PLQRULD
TXH FKHJD D DWLQJLU  GR WRWDO GD
SRSXODomRGHRXPDLVDQRVPDQLIHV
WDPVHGRHQoDVGHJHQHUDWLYDVGRVLVWHPD
QHUYRVR FKDPDGDV GH GHPrQFLDV (VWDV
HQYROYHPSHUGDQHXURQDOHSHUGDGHVLQDS
VHVVHXLQtFLRpLQVLGLRVRHVHWUDGX]HP
SRUXPDSHUGDGDFRJQLomRSULQFLSDOPHQWH
GDPHPyULDDWpQtYHLVLQFDSDFLWDQWHV$
PDLV FRPXP GDV GHPrQFLDV p D GRHQoD
GH$O]KHLPHU
+iQRYRVPRGHORVDQLPDLVSDUDRHVWXGR
GDV EDVHV VLRSDWROyJLFDV H PROHFXODUHV
GHVVDGRHQoDTXHRIHUHFHPHVSHUDQoDVSDUD
VXDPHOKRUFRPSUHHQVmRHWUDWDPHQWR0DV
HVWH~OWLPRSRUHQTXDQWRpVySDOLDWLYRH
FRQVLVWHQXPDPRGHVWDPHOKRUDGDFDSDFL

, 6-/1-*]-K*>]x]{{]iiLiL

GDGHGHID]HURXUHFRUGDUPHPyULDVDWUDYpV
GRXVRGHGURJDVDQWLFROLQHVWHUiVLFDVRXGH
EORTXHDGRUHVGHUHFHSWRUHV10'$2XWUDV

TXHIRUDPWHQWDGDVDWpDJRUDQmRWLYHUDP
PXLWRVXFHVVR ,]TXLHUGR%RWWLQR
/DNV %OD\ 

 ",
 ,
 *-9
/,
--"
/" >}V>`->V>>>vi> `i\ -6{i`]
7>}]
]{
,/1-],/" i`i}ii>i i>i]`i]>`/i>i->i}i\ii>i`>`i
}i>ii>}i
i}Vi] i]]]{xx
"// "]

-] 9]- ikV>i/>
}i`,`i>i]>>L>>
}>]

"]" "]-  -], ] ,/ <


",]- ,] ,],iVi
*>>
i>,i`>} i*>}/>}iVVi] i]{x]>]
n

8 /] ikV>L`>}i`V>,`i>i]ii]

"7
<]"` >i-jV88\ i}>w>]->`ii-Vi`>`i ii]*}>`>i]n
 
] ,/]*6"]6 -
"]*/ ,  <]- ,, ,]-/  ]7
"}i`Vi i>"`>i-i/}>  ,iVi`ii`iiV>> Vi`L
iii }i>i]
in]`]x
 ,, ,]-/6 ,]  
]-Li*i"}i> i}}/` i>
i]1  vix]]{x
 ,, ,,]
, ]*-6 ,]- /, ], `i}V>-iv ii>>

`i} >>*>] V `]]n]


<+1 , "]i>i`]
<+1 , "] 6+1],,"--/"] "  ]-  ]
,"/] vvii
iV>
>V>`i vvii-ivi >
i
`>]/i` iViVi]]
`]{xx
<+1 , "]<+1 , "]6

],
,"/] iL}>`>i>]
>i>

ikV>L`>}i`V>-K*>]ii]{{]
 -1]}}]ii i>i]>` ii>\
V>>` iL}V>*iiVi]
i>i`*Viv i>>>`
}i i}>i`"v`]"v`1i*i]{
x]
/1,  
 Vii] >ii`Vi]]
*, "]6,/ --6]
]
 ,,"-] ,] ,- 9]-"/ "6]/ ,, <]
,],"--/"]" ]+1 ]
"/]", -]" <]61/"-]

7 /- ]7
1- ,
]
* , ,]- /  "6],,<+1 , "]
," ]*, "]
Vi iwVivi6iV>ViVi/>ii>iV>`>i iwV"LiV>`
-V>,iV}] i]x]]
-+1, ],E ] ,i\`iVi i9]7ii>]
7" ]*

] ",
 /] ,*,
] iiV> }iii`i`iv i`i}ii>i
i>i] > iVx]]

, 6-/1-*]-K*>]x]{{]iiLiL

Вам также может понравиться