Zigzag Transformer

A zigzag transformer is a special-purpose transformer with

a zigzag or "interconnected star" winding connection, such that
each output is the vector sum of two phases offset by 120. The
zigzag connection is also called the interconnected star
connection. This connection has some of the features of the Y
and the connections, combining the advantages of both.

Function
You can use the zigzag connection as an autotransformer, serving
as the primary and secondary with no isolated circuits. The
common portion of an autotransformer (low voltage) is the
common winding, and the remainder is the series winding.
(Together these make up the high voltage side of the
transformer.) You can use the zigzag transformer in two winding
transformer applications, where you obtain voltage
transformation and isolation with the zigzag feature.
If you need a neutral for grounding or for supplying single-phase
line to neutral loads when working with a 3-wire, ungrounded
power system, a zigzag connection may be the answer. Due to its
composition, a zigzag transformer is more effective for grounding
purposes because it has less internal winding impedance going to
the ground than when using a wye-type transformer.
In ungrounded systems, it's still necessary to detect a ground
fault. With the zigzag transformer, you typically insert a resistor
between the neutral point and ground to limit ground fault current
on the system.
You can also use the zigzag connection in power systems to trap
triplen harmonic (3rd, 9th, 15th, etc.) currents. Here, you install
zigzag units near loads that produce large triplen harmonic
currents. The windings trap the harmonic currents and prevent

them from traveling upstream, where they can produce

undesirable effects.