Пахомов Борис - c# Для Начинающих (Для Начинающих) - 2014

-
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2014
004.438 #
32.973.26-018.1
12
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C# . .: -, 2014.
432 .: .
ISBN 978-5-9775-0943-5

C#. C#
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Windows,
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004.438 #
32.973.26-018.1
:

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30.12.13.
60 901/16. . . . . 27.
700 .
"-", 191036, -, ., 20.
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199034, -, 9 , 12/28
ISBN 978-5-9775-0943-5
. ., 2014
, "-", 2014

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16. - ...............................................349
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Directory ........................................................................................... 354

DriveInfo ........................................................................................... 356
FileInfo ............................................................................................. 358
File .................................................................................................... 363
Stream ............................................................................................... 366
FileStream......................................................................................... 367
StreamWriter, StreamReader ......................................................... 369
StringWriter StringReader .......................................................... 378
StringReader ..................................................................................... 384
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Thread ............................................................................................... 393
.................................... 396
AutoResetEvent ................................................................................. 406
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Timer ................................................................................................. 413
18. Windows Forms ..........................417

................................................ 420
System.EventArgs System.EventHandler ........................................ 426
................................................................429

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/* Created by SharpDevelop.
* User: user
* Date: 09.11.2012
* Time: 14:56
*
* To change this template use Tools | Options |
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*/
using System;
namespace app1
{
class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
// TODO: Implement Functionality Here
Console.Write("Press any key to continue...");
Console.ReadKey(true);
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*
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using System;
namespace app1
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine("
:");
Console.WriteLine(" ");
int lower, upper, step;
double fahr, cels;
lower=0;
upper=300;
step=20;
fahr=lower;
while(fahr <= upper)
{
cels=(5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32.0);
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fahr=fahr+step;
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Console.Write(" >");
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* User: user
* Date: 12.11.2012
* Time: 12:05
*
*/
using System;
3. ,
51
namespace app2
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine("
:");
int fahr;
for(fahr=0; fahr <= 300; fahr= fahr + 20)
{1:f}", fahr,
(5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32.0));
Console.Write(" > ");
Console.Read();
}
}
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* User: user
* Date: 12.11.2012
* Time: 12:41
*
*/
using System;
namespace app3
{
class Program
{
const int upper = 300;
const int lower = 0;
const int step = 20;
{
Console.WriteLine("
:");
3. ,
53
int fahr;
for(fahr=lower; fahr <= upper; fahr= fahr + step)
{1:f}", fahr,
(5.0/9.0)*(fahr-32.0));
// Press any key to continue...
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}
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() , . :
____
:
string s;
s (),
char, , , , , .
,
string s="";
string s="a";
char c='a';
s a , ,
-. .
, ,
s a . a
, , . s?
: -
( , ) :
string s="a";
int n=s.Length;
Length ( ) ,
s.
.
int
n=s.Length;. n .
n. ? ! ,
3. ,
61
n , s. , ++, . . , ,
char string.
, , , . ,
Unicode. ? "" " ".
string s=""; ( ), s "". , . , . , string
s="";. , n=0. , " ", string / . , .
,
. , . -.
. , ,
: ,
, .
( , ,
string)
, , , . , ,
, . . ,
, Unicode string,
, . . , (
, ), , , .
:
. :
, . , , , , , .
( ) char, .
: == (), != ( ), +
( ()).
62
I. C#
,
string a = "hello";
string b = "h";
b = b+"ello"; //
// b
Console.WriteLine( a == b ); //
//
True.
:
string s=" " + "";
bool b = (s == " ");
, , b True. , WordPad
SharpDevelop: .
, .
string :

@. ,
. ,
string a = "\\\u0066\n";
, . , @,
. :
string a = "\\\u0066\n ";
string b=@"\\\u0066\n ";
: a="\f\n ", b=\\\u0066\n .
string
string, string s;,
, C#
string ( String,
), . s
( / ). , s (. 3.8).
3. ,
63
. 3.8.

app4.cs . , , () Solution, File | New |
Solution | Console Application
,
. Create ()
. Main(),
. , 3.5.
3.5
* User: user
* Date: 14.11.2012
* Time: 10:51
*
*/
using System;
64
I. C#
namespace app4
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine ("=> string");
string firstName = "";
Console. WriteLine(": {0} ", firstName);
Console.WriteLine(" {0} .", firstName
.Length) ;
// firstName
Console. WriteLine(",
: firstName.ToUpper ());
// firstName
Console.WriteLine(",
:{0}", firstName.ToLower ());
// firstName
Console.WriteLine(" ? :
{0}", firstName.Contains(""));
//
Console.WriteLine(" :
{0}", firstName.Replace ("", ""));
//
Console. WriteLine("
>");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
.
(). ,
, , "",
"" "".
<F8>, <F5>.
. 3.9.
, ,
. , WriteLine() , , .
3. ,
65
. 3.9.

, ( ),
( ).
3.6. . 3.10.
3.6
* User: user
* Date: 14.11.2012
* Time: 12:28
*
*/
using System;
namespace app5
{
class Program
{
{
//
Console.WriteLine(" .
<Enter> >");
66
I. C#
string s = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("{0}",s);
Console.WriteLine("
>");
Console.Read();
//
}
}
}
. 3.10.
, ReadLine(). . - , s "" s. <Enter>, . s .

. 3.10, . ,
ReadLine() string-.

. ?
, <Enter>,
<Enter> . . , .
?
, ,
, . 3.5. , . ++
( <Ctrl>+<Z>)
. -
3. ,
67
C#. :
ReadLine() <Ctrl>+<Z> null. , , . 3.7. . 3.11.
3.7
* User: user
* Date: 14.11.2012
* Time: 13:20
*
*/
using System;
namespace app6
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" .
<Enter>");
Console.WriteLine(" <Enter> <Ctrl+z> ");
string s="";
while(s != null)
{
s=Console.ReadLine();
//
Console.WriteLine("{0}",s);
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
, , :
.
68
I. C#
, . ,
. ,
. .
,
^z ( <Ctrl>+<Z>).
ReadLine() null ,
while .
. 3.11.

.
3.8.
3.8
* User: user
* Date: 14.11.2012
* Time: 18:12
*
*/
using System;
namespace app7
{
class Program
3. ,
69
{
{
//
Console.WriteLine(" , <Enter>");
Console.WriteLine("
<Enter> <Ctrl+z> >");
string s="";
int kol=0;
while(s != null)
{
kol++;
}
Console.WriteLine(" ={0}",--kol);
Console.Read(); //
}
}
}
.
kol.
? .
. . kol,
. kol++. .
: ++kol. :
. , . , . , . .
<Ctrl>+<Z>.
, . .
,
. kol.
kol--. , , ( ) -. , - , .
70
I. C#
,
, kol . kol. kol , . kol--, kol, . . 3.12.
. 3.12.

3.9. . 3.13.
3.9
* User: user
* Date: 14.11.2012
* Time: 19:17
*
* Edit Standard Headers. */
using System;
namespace app8
{
class Program
{
3. ,
71
{
//
Console.WriteLine(" \n");
Console.WriteLine(" , <Enter>");
Console.WriteLine("
<Enter> <Ctrl+z> >\n");
string s="";
int w=0;
int ind=-1;
int ind1;
while(s != null)
{ s=Console.ReadLine();
// ,
// .
//
//
while((s!=null) && (ind != (ind1=s.IndexOf(" "))))
{ w++;
s=s.Substring(ind1 +1);
}
w++; //
}
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", --w);
Console.Read(); //
}
}
}
. 3.13.
72
I. C#
. ,
. :
, .
s.IndexOf(" "),
.
, 1.
s.IndexOf(" ") 1 int ind=-1;.
, , , s.
s ,
. . ,
w . ,
, w ,
, .
, .
&& " ". , . . , while
, : "
<Ctrl>+<Z> ,
while". . ,
WriteLine() '\n' .
, .
"":
,
. . ,
, .
var
Visual C# 3.0, var.
, , . i :
3. ,
73
var i = 10; //
int i = 10; //
, var i;,
i=10;, i int. i="";, i string.
var i = DateTime.Now;, i DateTime (-, ).

C# .
int n, , n+1 int. 1?
,
, 5 , : 5.0.
, ( )
. .
, ,
int. ,
, long.
double.
C# () . . 3.3 , . .
1u 1U, , .
3.3.
1.0
double
1.0F
float
decimal
74
I. C#
3.3 ()
true
bool
false
bool
''
char
'\n'
char ( )
'\xl231'
char ( 123)
"My_string"
string
""
string ( )
.
float, f
. , float d=1.2f;. ? f,
, . .
double, a double float , .

.
, ,
. , :
int a;
float b;
double c;
c=a+b;
,
.
,
, ,
. , ,
, . , .
(
3. ,
75
).
, . , ,
.
int
long. , . . int long, . C# .
.
, long,
int ( ). , ,
, int long, . ,
,
,
( ), : (), , , . , : int a;
long b;. a=b; . a=(int)b;
. (int) int
long.
.
float double. ,
, long. , float
aa=(float)1.2; , float aa=1.2; , 1.2
double.

,
. , double b=1.2; long a=12;
a=(long)b; , a=b; . , , , .
.
decimal .
.
76
I. C#
C# ,
"". ,
True bool "True".
: string int double Convert, , (
, ). .

,
. . , . :
(, , , , ). : , , .

( ) ( ).
C#. ,
. . 3.4.
3.4.
+ ()
- ()
+ ()
- ()
3. ,
77
3.4 ()
:
int a=1;
int b=-a;
: b=-1.
, ,
.
.
,
. . . , ,
, . , . 25/4 6. . ,
, ,
. ,
int a=1;
double b=a/2.0;
: b=0.5.
int a=1;
double b=a/2;
.

. 2 2,
10 10 . .
, . .
. , ,
float a=1.2f;
float b=0.5f;
float c=a%b; : =0.2. :

int a=12; int d=7; int c=a%d;
=5.
78
I. C#

, :
? # ,
, -
( ). ,
int a=2 + 3 * 4;
: a=14.
,
(*, /, %), .
- , .
, , .

. : . . , C#
. ,
int a; int b; int c;, a=b=c=2;. . C# :
< > <> < >
< >
. 3.5.
3.5.
a += b
a = a + b
a b . a
a -=
a = a b
a b. a
a *=
a = a * b
a b. a
a b. a
/= b
a %= b
= a / b
a = a % b
a b. a
3. ,
79

, , 1 . : int n; n=n+1;. n=n-1;.
, ,
: n+=1;. n-=1;. C# :
: ++n; n++; --n; n--;. n , n .
,
. , , . , n, ++n; n++; (
). int a=++n; a=n++;,
, . . n
. a=++n; n ,
n , a=n++; : n , .

: (==), (!=),
(>), (>=), (<), (<=).
char , . . . True False, bool. ,
int b; int c;
bool a = b < c;
b c,
a=True, a=False.
char:
char A='A'; char a='a';
bool b= A < a;
,
b=True. , Unicode .
80
I. C#

bool ,
. 3.6.
3.6.
True,
. False
!a
a=False
a & b
a=True b=True
a | b
a b True
a ^ b
a=True b=False a=Fale b=True
a && b
a=True b=True
a || b
a b True
.
bool r, a=true, d=true, c=false, e=false;
r=!a;
// r=False
r=a&d;
// r=True
r=a&c;
// r=False
r=c&e;
// r=False
r=a|d;
// r=True
r=a|c;
// r=True
r=c|e;
// r=False
r=a^d;
// r=False
r=a^c;
// r=True
r=c^e;
// r=False
r=d^c;
// r=True
r=a&&d;
// r=True
r=a||d;
// r=True
r=a&&c;
// r=False
r=a||c;
// r=True
. :
( "" (|, ||)), ( ""
(&, &&)) " " (^). ,
, , . , ,
3. ,
81
. , , .
(!) . : True False, False True.
&&, &, || |? ,
C# : ++, , , . ,
. ,
, . , ,
. ,
. , False,
, False.
: True, ,
. ?
.
- C# ?
, C++. , & ( "", ) . , , , . . :
, . , :
int a=5;
int d=3;
int r=a&d;
// 5 & 3 = 1
? 5=101 , . . .
3=011 . :
101
011
-----001=1
82
I. C#
| ( "", )
. , . , :
int a=5;
int d=3;
int r=a|d;
// 5 | 3 = 7 :
5=101
3=011
-----111=7
, &, | ,
. ? :
int i = 0;
bool d=true;
if (d & ++i == 1)
{
i++;
}
: i=2.

.

: (<<) (>>).
- -. -
, . . ,
, , 0, .
, ( , ). , -
3. ,
83
, , , .
(<<) a<<b
, . int , int.
int uint (32- ),
.
0 31 . long ulong
(64- ), . 0 63 . ,
, , .
.
:
int r, a=5, d=3;
r=a << d;
: r=40.
. a=5=101 .
3 . a=101000.

: 101000 = 125 + 024 + 123. .
. 32 + 8 = 40.
(>>) a>>b
, .
int uint (32- ),
:
_ & 0x1f . : & , 0 , , 1f 11111. long
ulong (64- ),
( & 0x3f = 111111 (3=11
f=1111)).
:
int r, a= 40, d=5;
r=a >> d;
: r=1.
84
I. C#
. .
. , 40 101000. 5 . "". 1.
r<<d; r>>d;.
, r=r<<d; r=r>>d;.
(
, ).
:
int i = -40;
Console.WriteLine(i >> 5);
: 2.
? , .
.
.
.
1. , , ,
( ) () , 0, .
2. , , , , , ( , ), 1. () , 1,
1.
. 5,
, . 5,
(. . ): 101. , : 010. 1.
011. .
1011. 5.
40 101000. : 010111.
1. 011000.
. : 1011000.
5 . : 10. .
2. "". 2.

. ,
. ,

. , - , . .
, , ,
, , ,
,
. ,
, .
.
y = f(x1, x2, ..., xN),
{x11, x21, ..., xN1} y1 = f(x11, x21, ..., xN1).
, x1, x2, ..., xN f(), a x11, x21, ..., xN1 . # :
( , int, float, long . .; ,
, , );
( ). ,
, . .
86
I. C#
# void,
. ( , ) , .
,
, .
, :
float salary(int TabNom, int Mes)
{
/*
*/
return( );
}
float, . .
, . salary. :
, . return(), . ,
, . :
float y; y=salary(1001,12);
float y=salary(1001,12);
int tn=1001; int ms=12;

float y=salary(tn,ms);

.

?

, .
, , ,
4.
87

,
.
, , - .
.
.
, ,
, ,
. , , , ,
(. .
"" , ). "",
. , "",
. ,
.
: (. . ), , ,
, . float
y=salary(tn,ms), TabNom
Mes tn ms. , tn
ms . ,
, , , .
, , (
). ,
,
.
. ref.
,
float func(x1, ref x2);
, , out:
static void func(double a, out string x1, out int x2);
88
I. C#

, .
C#
params . ,
, params,
.
( ).
params.
C# . ,
, . . . , ,
. . : ,
. . ,
(, ) , . , ""
" " (. . ) ", ", ,
. ,
, . , . , , -
. ?
: (
). Calculate().
(weight) ,
(height).
:
Console.WriteLine(Calculate(70, 164));
, , ,
, . , :
Console.WriteLine(Calculate(height: 164, weight: 70));
4.
89
, ,
:
(. . , , . .
):
Console.WriteLine(Calculate(70, height: 164));
:
static int Calculate(int weight, int height)
{
return (weight * 703) / (height * height);
}
C#
. ,
(
,
, , , ), ,
, . :
void func1(string val1 = "val", int val2 = 10,
double val3 = 12.2)
func1(,,25), , , : func1("val",10,25).
C# , , .
- . , Main() Program (
). "" . .
-
Program, static,
, , , ,
( static ,
C#
90
I. C#
: ,
,
).

,
, 4.1.
4.1
* User: user
* Date: 15.11.2012
* Time: 11:15
*
using System;
namespace app9_func
{
class Program
{
static string str;
// lim
//
// 0,
static int getline(ref string s,int lim)
{
int i; //
i=s.Length;
if(i > lim)
i=0;
return(i);
}
4.
91

{
Console.WriteLine(" " +
" \n");
int lim=10;
Console.WriteLine(" >\n");
int i = getline(ref str,lim);
Console.WriteLine(" : {0},
{1}", str, i);
" > ");
Console.Read(); //
}
}
}
getline() : string
s, int lim. , , .
:
getline() getline(),
. Main(),
Main(), , , -,
. -
,
(. . ), ,
, , , .
, ,
lim. , -
? ,
, , ,
, -.
ref ,
,
,
ref,
92
I. C#
. , , ,
.
-
. str,
getline(), static. ,
, -
, . getline()
: ReadLine() str. i. , ,
lim. lim
( , , . . : Main(),
getline(); , ),
lim getline()
.
. 4.1.
4.
93
, lim, i ,
.
getline() . 4.1.
if
if.
.

, , .
if. , . if ,
while ,
, . , while,
, , ,
, . ,
if(-)
{

}

.
else. , if, if.
if: if ,
else . : " if , if, else".
if else.
if...else . ,
a, .
:
if (a == a1)
1
else if(a == a2)
2
94
I. C#
else if(a == a3)

3
...
- else if if, ,
, .
goto

. , if...else. , .
( ) , .
( ). : m:, N:, _12.
. ,
(), . :
goto m;
goto _12;
, . . ( ), if...else
(if() goto m1; else goto m2;). . goto for, switch, while. , break ( :
), goto ,
- .
,
: ""
. , . , .

substr(), ,
, ,
.
4.
substr() 4.2.
4.2
* User: user
* Date: 15.11.2012
* Time: 14:10
*
using System;
namespace app10_substr
{
class Program
{
static string substr(string s, int i, int count)
{
int j=0;
string r = s.Remove(j, i-1);
int par1=count;
int par2=(s.Length-i)-(count-1);
string r1=r.Remove(par1,par2);
return(r1);
}
{
string s="";
while(true)
{
Console.WriteLine(" >");
if(s == null)
break;
" >");
95
96
I. C#
string r=Console.ReadLine();
int i=System.Convert.ToInt32(r);
" >");
r=Console.ReadLine();
int j=System.Convert.ToInt32(r);
Console.WriteLine(" c {0} {1}

\n: {2}",i,j,substr(s,i,j));
" > ");
// Console.Read();
} // while
}
}
}
substr() (
string), s
: ,
, (count).
Remove(), , substr(), . , : 0, 1 . .
, .
.
Main() .
, while, . while true.
, while ,
. :

<Ctrl>+<Z>, null.
, .
if(). if , while. break,
if. .
"" continue. , break,
4.
97
.
Convert(). ( ),
. ( int).
string int.
System.Convert.ToInt32().
. 4.2.
. 4.2. substr()

MyCopy() 4.3.
4.3
/*
*
*
*
*
Created by SharpDevelop.
User: user
Date: 15.11.2012
Time: 17:22
98
I. C#

using System;
namespace app11_copy
{
class Program
{
// ------------------------ substr() --------------static string substr(string s, int i, int count)
{
int j=0;
string r = s.Remove(j, i-1);
int par1=count;
int par2=(s.Length-i)-(count-1);
string r1 = r.Remove(par1,par2);
return(r1);
}
// ------------------------------------------------static string inp,ou;
static string MyCopy(string inp, ref string ou,
int i, int count)
{
/* ou inp i
count :
inp count */
// :
int j=1;
inp=substr(inp,j,count);
string r=ou.Insert(i-1,inp);
return(r);
}
{
Console.WriteLine(" , " +
" >");
4.
99
ou=Console.ReadLine();
// ou="0123456789";
string s="";
while(true)
{
if(s == null)
break;
" >");
string r=Console.ReadLine();
int i=System.Convert.ToInt32(r);
" >");
r=Console.ReadLine();
int j=System.Convert.ToInt32(r);
Console.WriteLine(" c {0} {1}
\n: {2}",i,j,MyCopy(s,ref ou,i,j));
// Console.WriteLine("
> ");
// Console.Read();
} // while
} // Main()
} // class
} // using
(substr()), , : i
count .
MyCopy() substr(), MyCopy() Program.
Insert(),
string. ,
,
string.
. 4.3.
100
I. C#
. 4.3.

, .
out. , ,
.
4.4,
. 4.4.
4.4
* User: user
* Date: 16.11.2012
* Time: 12:58
*
using System;
4.
101
namespace app12_out
{
class Program
{
static void func1(double b, out double f, out int i)
{
f=b;
i=(int)b; //
}
{
string s=Console.ReadLine();
double f,b;
int i;
b=System.Convert.ToDouble(s); //
//
func1(b,out f, out i);
Console.WriteLine(" : f={0}, i={1}", f,
i);
Console.Write(" " +
" > ");
Console.Read(); //
}
}
}
. 4.4.
func1() , . .
void.
, out.
102
I. C#
double int (
, , ;
)
string double. , ,
. ,
( )
, ,
.
switch

if...else, , .

switch .
.
: a b. 4.5.
4.5
* User: user
* Date: 20.11.2012
* Time: 7:59
*
using System;
namespace app14_switch
{
class Program
{
/* , a b */
static void CountSimb(string c, out int v_a,
out int v_b)
{
int a=0,b=0;
4.
switch(c)
{
case "a":
a = 1; /* v_a
v_b :
*/
break;
case "b":
b = 1;
break;
default: /* -
( a b) */
break;
} // switch
v_a=a;
v_b=b;
}
{
string s;
int v_a,v_b;
while(true)
{
Console.WriteLine(" , <Enter> >");
if(s==null) // <Ctrl>+<Z>
break;
CountSimb(s,out v_a,out v_b); //
//
// 'a', 'b'
Console.WriteLine(" = {0}, " +
" b = {1} ", v_a,v_b);
" > ");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
}
103
104
I. C#
switch CountSimb(), : v_a v_b. ,

( , ).
: ,
,
. .
,
case, , case. case,
,
, , case. . :
, , ( "a" "b"). , , , 'a' 'b'. , , , 1
2, 123. .
case ( ) , , ,
switch ,
case. , ,
case. case
break, switch
,
switch.
case,
, switch. , , ,
4 (. . , ), , ,
case "a":, case "b":, case "c":, case "d":
case . case
break, ""
case, . ? ,
, - , "", "b", ""? break
: case, ,
( case),
case ,
"" break.
4.
105
switch default, case.

switch-. , case.
" ".
:
( out) switch:
, , .
while. , . . while true ( ). break,
<Ctrl>+<Z>. . 4.5.
. 4.5. switch

, ,
"", "" .
, .
106
I. C#

, .
? ,
.

,
.
,
(. . ) . "" ( ) .
, ,
: n! = (n 1)! n, 0! = 1.
n, , n 1. , , 4.6.
4.6
int fact(int i)
{ if(i==0)
return(i+1);
else
{ i=i * fact(i-1);
return(i);
}
}
.
, , . , .
, ,
. ,
, .
, , : ,
( , . .
), , - (,
; - ).

(
).
. . ( ).
,
. .
. ,
100 . 100. (. . ) 0 99.
,
, . -
108
I. C#
, ,
. ,
, .
. ,
, . .
, , . .
: ,
, . . ,
. . ,
, .
, ,
,
, . ,
: ( )
.
(. . ). , , . - . . . .
.
. ,
, , . ,
: -
, - (. .
).
? :
_
, ,
, . ,
int []m;
, , int
,
4 , m ,
.
5.
109
, , ,
, , : . ,
, . : . . , :
int []m = {1,2,3,4,5};
m :
. ( ) 1, 2, . . (), (
, . . ) m.
new ( ,
,
):
int []m = new int[5]
new , ,
int, m. , , .
- ,
-
. .
5.1,
. 5.1.
5.1
/*
*
*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 21.11.2012
Time: 12:32
To change this template use Tools | Options | Coding |
Edit Standard Headers. */
110
I. C#
using System;
namespace app15_array
{
class Program
{
{
string []A = new string [10];
string s;
int i=0;
" <Enter>, <Enter> <Ctrl+z>");
while(true)
{
A[i]=s;
if(s==null || i > 10)
break;
i++;
}
Console.WriteLine(" {0}",i);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 5.1.
.
, new. , ,
,
<Ctrl>+<Z> (. || if)
5.
111
( i) ,
new.
, : ( ). A[i]=s; ,
i- A s.
, , int[]
u,v;. :
int [,] w = new int[3,5];
, , .
foreach
( " ") , . ,
for. . for. . ,
foreach(int item in m)
{
: " item m ".

m item ( ,
int).
5 int.
.
5.2. . 5.2.
5.2
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 21.11.2012
Time: 13:40
112
I. C#

using System;
namespace app16_foreach
{
class Program
{
{
int []A = new int [5];
string s;
int i=0;
" <Enter>, <Enter> <Ctrl+z> ");
while(true)
{
if(s==null || i > (A.Length-1))
break;
A[i]=Convert.ToInt32(s);
i++;
}
i=0;
foreach(int j in A)
i += j;
Console.WriteLine(" = {0}",
i);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
, .
. , .
if, ,
. ,
<Ctrl>+<Z>, ,
5.
113
. . , ,
, , (Length). . , foreach . ,
foreach (, ). , ,
, , .
. 5.2.

. :
<>[, ...,] < ( )>;
, ,
.
[,], [,,] . .
114
I. C#

( ):
int[,] m = {{1,2},{3,4}};
.
Array , , ,
, List<>, , .
.
, .

-
, , -. . ,
, -. , , .
, (. . ),
< > = Console.ReadLine();
,
Convert.
:
< > = Convert.ToInt32(<
>);
< > = Convert.ToInt64(<
>);
< > = Convert.ToByte(<
>);
:
< > =
Convert.ToDouble(< >);
:
< > = Convert.ToBoolean(<
>);
116
I. C#
:
< > = Convert.ToChar(<
>);
:
int x;
double y;
string s;
s = Console.ReadLine();
x = Convert.ToInt32(s);
:
y = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
,
Console.Read();.
Console.Write() Console.
WriteLine(). , , , .
,
.
:

. ,
.
Console.WriteLine()
Console.Write(), .
6.1, . 6.1.
6.1
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 18.11.2012
Time: 13:37
6. -
117

using System;
namespace app13_for_all
{
class Program
{
{
string s=" ";
int y=2;
int i=2;
Console.WriteLine(s);
//
Console.WriteLine(55.3); //
Console.WriteLine(y*3+7); //
Console.Write(s);
//
Console.Write(-5.3);
//
Console.WriteLine(i*3+7/i); //
Console.Write(" " +
" >");
Console.Read(); //
}
}
}
,
( ).
. 6.1. , 6.1
118
I. C#
-, (
)
: .

, '\n', .
,
Console.Write("aaaaaa\nbbbbbbb\nccc\n");
:
aaaaa
bbbbbbb
ccc
.
.
.
String.Format().
.
( Console.WriteLine(), Console.Write())
, Console.WriteLine():
Console.WriteLine(" ", 1, 2, ...,
n);
:
<>< ><><
>...<>< >
" ". :
{N,M:Axx}
N
( 0). {0}, ,
1,
. M , . ,
1500. =6,
1500. M , (
, , -
6. -
119
), . ,
, , .
, , 1
(
):
" 1 : {0,6}", 1
Axx ,
, ,
. .
. 6.1 .
: Axx, A
, xx . , ,
.
6.1.
C c
Console.Write("{0:C}", 2.5);
Console.Write("{0:C}", -2.5);
// $2.50 ($2.50)
D d
Console.Write("{0:D5}", 25);
// 00025
E e
Console.Write("{0:E}", 250000);
// 2.500000E+005
F f
Console.Write("{0:F2}", 25);
Console.Write("{0:F0}", 25);
// 25.00 25
G g
Console.Write("{0:G}", 2.5);
// 2.5
N n
Console.Write("{0:N}", 2500000);
// 2,500,000.00
120
I. C#
6.1 ()
X x
Console.Write("{0:X}", 250);
Console.Write("{0:X}", 0xffff);
// FA FFFF
C# , "-"
(DateTime). ,
. d
/: DateTime d;. d ,

(. 7.1).
. 7.1. SharpDevelop DateTime
,
. , . . . .
DateTime .
DateTime - ,
122
I. C#
. C#
, . ,
new
. , new
, , .
. DateTime
,
int year, int month, int day, . . , .
,
DateTime (- , - , . .). ,
DateTime dt = new DateTime(2012,11,22);
dt, 22 2012 .
DateTime : DateTime c
Now, .
:
DateTime MyDate = DateTime.Now;
, MyDate , ,
: 22.11.2012 14:35:22. , , "::".

7.1 , .
. 7.2.
7.1
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 22.11.2012
Time: 14:46
7.
using System;
namespace app17_DateTime
{
class Program
{
{
DateTime data = DateTime.Now;
//
//
int i=30; //
// ( )
int j=20; //
Console.SetWindowSize (i,j); //
//
Console.Clear();
//
Console.WriteLine("d: " + data.ToString("d"));
Console.WriteLine("D: " + data.ToString("D"));
Console.WriteLine("f: " + data.ToString("f"));
Console.WriteLine("F: " + data.ToString("F"));
Console.WriteLine("g: " + data.ToString("g"));
Console.WriteLine("G: " + data.ToString("G"));
Console.WriteLine("m: " + data.ToString("m"));
Console.WriteLine("r: " + data.ToString("r"));
Console.WriteLine("s: " + data.ToString("s"));
Console.WriteLine("u: " + data.ToString("u"));
Console.WriteLine("U: " + data.ToString("U"));
Console.WriteLine("y: " + data.ToString("y"));
Console.WriteLine("H:mm: " + data.ToString("H:mm"));
Console.WriteLine("HH:mm: "+data.ToString("HH:mm"));
Console.WriteLine("HH:mm:ss: " +
data.ToString("HH:mm:ss"));
123
124
I. C#
Console.WriteLine("h:mm tt: " +

data.ToString("h:mm tt"));
Console.WriteLine("hh:mm tt: " +
data.ToString("hh:mm tt"));
Console.WriteLine("MMMM dd: " +
data.ToString("MMMM-dd"));
Console.WriteLine("MM/dd/yyyy: " +
data.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy"));
Console.WriteLine("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm: " +
data.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm"));
Console.WriteLine("MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm: tt: " +
data.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm tt"));
Console.WriteLine("MM/dd/yyyy H:mm: " +
data.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy H:mm"));
Console.WriteLine("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss: " +
data.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss"));
Console.WriteLine("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy: " +
data.ToString("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy"));
Console.WriteLine("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss: " +
data.ToString("dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss"));
Console.WriteLine("ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss'GMT': " +
data.ToString("ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss'GMT'"));
Console.WriteLine("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.fffffffK: "
+ data.ToString("yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.fffffffK"));
Console.Write(" " +
" >");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
ToString(string format)
data : data.ToString("D")
(22 2012 .), data.ToString("d")
(22.11.2012). ,
. 7.2.
Console.WriteLine() (+).
7.
. 7.2.

7.2.
7.2
* User: user
* Date: 22.11.2012
* Time: 17:28
*
using System;
namespace app18_datetime_operations
{
class Program
{
125
126
I. C#
{
const int Nov = 11; //
// 11-
DateTime d=DateTime.Now; //
//
DateTime d_1 =d.AddDays(-1);
//
DateTime d_tomor = d.AddDays(1);
//
int dm=DateTime.DaysInMonth(2012,Nov);
//
int to_end=dm d.Day; //
// i-
int i=12;
DateTime d_back=d.AddDays(-i);
//
//
//
//
, .
var .

var
int
int
int
now = DateTime.Now;
y=now.Year;
m=now.Month;
day=now.Day;
// :
// "--",
//
DateTime dt1 = DateTime.Now;
DateTime dt2 = new System.DateTime(2012, 11, 2);
TimeSpan diffResult = dt1.Subtract(dt2);
Console.WriteLine(" = " +
dt1.ToString());
dt2.ToString());
7.
diffResult.Days); //
diffResult.TotalDays); //
//
//
var today = DateTime.Today;
today.ToString());
// 5 , 30 , 10
var interval = new TimeSpan(5, 30, 10);
interval.ToString());
// 05:30:10
var newTime = today + interval; //
//
" = " + newTime.ToString());
// 05:30:10
var tomorrowNewTime = newTime.AddDays(1);
//
Console.WriteLine(" 5_30 = " +
tomorrowNewTime.ToString());
// 05:30:10
var yesterdayNewTime = newTime.AddDays(-1);
//
Console.WriteLine(" 5_30 = " +
yesterdayNewTime.ToString());
// 10
var seeYouNextDecade = today.AddYears(10);
// 10
Console.WriteLine("10 " +
= " + seeYouNextDecade.ToString());
Console.Write(" " +
" >");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
127
128
I. C#
. 7.3.
. 7.3.
.
, "", (, ,
, ), . , ,
, . , .
, enum. ( )
. , ,
.
enum Days { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
Saturday };
enum Months : byte { Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep,
Oct, Nov, Dec };
, ,
, "" :
, .
"". , Days d;
Months m;.
7.
129
: Days.Sunday, Months.Feb . .
d Days.Sunday,
Days.Monday . .

int. , ,
Months.
, , . 0,
1. , Sat 0, Sun 1, Mon 2 . .:
enum Days {Sat, Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri};

, :
enum Days {Sat=1, Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri};

1, 0. ,
.
, , char. , int. , ,
, ,
:
enum Days : byte {Sat=1, Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri};
: byte, sbyte, short,

ushort, int, uint, long ulong.
Days ,
. .
.
, . enum
. ,
130
I. C#
Sun int, enum int.

int x = (int)Days.Sun;
,

.
switch.
.
Days.
public class EnumTest

{
enum Days { Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat };
static void Main()
{
int x = (int)Days.Sun;
int y = (int)Days.Fri;
Console.WriteLine("Sun = {0}", x);
Console.WriteLine("Fri = {0}", y);
}
}
/* :
Sun = 0
Fri = 5
*/
enum,
long, .
public class EnumTest2

{
enum Range : long { Max = 2147483648L, Min = 255L };
static void Main()
{
long x = (long)Range.Max;
long y = (long)Range.Min;
Console.WriteLine("Max = {0}", x);
7.
131
Console.WriteLine("Min = {0}", y);

}
}
/* :
Max = 2147483648
Min = 255
*/
, -
switch, 7.3.
7.3
* User: user
* Date: 23.11.2012
* Time: 15:13
*
using System;
namespace app19_enum
{
class Program
{
public enum DaysOfWeek
//
// ""
{
Monday = 0,
Tuesday = 1,
Wednesday = 2,
Thursday = 3,
Friday = 4,
Saturday = 5,
Sunday = 6
}
static void Main()
{
WriteText(DaysOfWeek.Sunday);
Console.ReadLine();
}
//
//
132
I. C#
// days
// ""
static void WriteText(DaysOfWeek days)
{
switch (days) // days
{
case DaysOfWeek.Monday:
Console.WriteLine("");
break;
case DaysOfWeek.Tuesday:
break;
case DaysOfWeek.Wednesday:
Console.WriteLine("!");
break;
case DaysOfWeek.Thursday:
break;
case DaysOfWeek.Friday:
break;
case DaysOfWeek.Saturday:
break;
case DaysOfWeek.Sunday:
break;
} // switch
} // WriteText
}
}
. 7.4.
, , .
. 7.4. switch
7.
133

int ( :
). , . , ,
, , . , , . , ,
. , , -,
8- - . . .
, .
""
, .
[Flags()],
. ,
. , , 7.4.
7.4
* User: user
* Date: 23.11.2012
* Time: 16:43
*
using System;
namespace app20_flags
{
class Program
{
[Flags()]
public enum MilitaryType
{
Marine = 1,
//
//
134
I. C#
Land = 2,
Cosmic = 4,
AllType = Marine | Land | Cosmic
}
{
// Land Cosmic type0:
MilitaryType type0 = MilitaryType.Land |
MilitaryType.Cosmic;
// Console.WriteLine(type0);
// "Land, Cosmic"
Console.WriteLine(" {0}",type0);
// Marine type0:
type0 |= MilitaryType.Marine;
// Land type0:
//
bool b=System.Convert.ToBoolean(type0 &
MilitaryType.Land);
if(b)
Console.WriteLine(" Land type0 " +
""); // "Land, Cosmic"
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 7.5.
. 7.5.
II
8.
9.
10.
11.
, , .
IL DASM
12.
13.
14.
LINQ
15.
Windows
16.
17.
18.
Windows Forms

5060 :
, .
-
, , , .
, ,
, , ,
. , . ,
, , , . .
, ,
.
, .
. .
. , , , ,
" ", -
138
II. -
. ,
, !
. ( break)!
! if...else !
goto! ,

begin end, if, then, else, (while) , , (). . .
, .
, "" 1024 (1 ), 64 , !
3 . .
, --
, ,
. -, ( ) . , . , - . ,
"". , , ""
, . , ,
"" . -, "" ,
. .
, "". -,
, , "", , ,
, . ,
, ,
, ""
. . . .
--, ,
, (),
(,
, , ),
8.
139
,
. ,
, , , - ?
. -
(), , . , , , .
, , ,
, , .
: , , , , , , .
, . , "" "" ( ) , .
. ,
. ,
[] ,
, () : M[i].
.
"" : (),
(<_> <_>),
, . .
. :
( ""), ,
, .
,
, . . , .
. . ,
- , , , . , , i. :
4 . . , , 5, -
140
II. -
, . i . . , , int i, 5,
. i , 6,
, int i ()
: 6.
: , ,
. .
, ,
. , .
, . () .
. new.
? , , (, - ). , ,
: . .
, ,
( ) ,
, , .
, , , . .
. , , ,
. ( ) ,
, . , .
, MyCar. , . . , car ():
MyCar car;. : . . , ,
, (): (Type), (Name) (Speed). , ,
(string Type, string Name, float Speed).
? . -
8.
141
. , .
,
MyCar(string Type, string Name, float Speed)
? , . string
type, string name, float speed, :
Type=Type; name=Name; speed=Speed;
MyCar :
MyCar(string Type, string Name, float Speed)
{
type=Type;
name=Name;
speed=Speed;
}
,
, :
MyCar Ch_nor_car = new MyCar("Porshe", "Chuck Norris", 250.0);
Ch_nor_car,
new ( MyCar) .
Ch_nor_car.
, () .
:
lass Car
{
}
class , Car . ? . . ,
,
Object ,
. , , Object. , . -
. ? (. . ), - . , , -
142
II. -
. ,
,
. , . : (,
, )
( ).
public, () private. , .
protected ().
( ).
, public. ,
- , , , protected.

.
,
, 8.1.
8.1
* User: user
* Date: 24.11.2012
* Time: 19:51
*
using System;
namespace app21_class
{
class MyCar
{
private string name;
private int speed;
private string owner_name;
//
public MyCar(string Name,int Speed,string Owner_name)
8.
{
name=Name;
speed=Speed;
owner_name=Owner_name;
}
//
public MyCar(string Name,int Speed)
{
name=Name;
speed=Speed;
}
// 1
public int M1()
{
speed=speed*2;
return(0);
}
} // class
class Program
{
{
// ( ),
// ,
// Main(), .
// public.
// M1()
MyCar car = new MyCar("",120,"");
car.M1();
// car MyCar
car = new MyCar("",120);
car.M1();
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue... ");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
143
144
II. -
, MyCar ( , ).
private string name;
private int speed;
private string owner_name;
, ,
Main(), . M1(),
public (). ,
- , , . M1(). . ,
. ,
. ,
. public. (M1())
. Main() ,
1(). , ,
. , ,
car . ,

1(), . 8.1 8.2.
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
, .
1(). ,
(MyCar car = new MyCar("",
120,"");), : (MyCar car;), ():
car = new MyCar("",120,"");
,
. , ,
: int, double,
void . C# , . ,
8.
145
. 8.1. 1()
. 8.2. 1()
146
II. -
. , (
, ), , ,
MyCar car = new MyCar();
, . ,
(. . ), , , . ,
:
public MyCar()
{
name="";
speed=120;
owner_name="";
}
.
, .
, , .
, . , MyCar ,
.
this
, . .
, .
, ,
, ,
. , . , , . ,

public MyCar(string name, int Speed, string Owner_name)
8.
147
{
name=name;
...
}
, ,
name . this, , name
, , , . :
public MyCar(string name, int Speed, string Owner_name)
{
this.name=Name;
speed=Speed;
owner_name=Owner_name;
}
static ( ). this ,
, ( , ), this .
static
static.
, , ,
. , . .
,
, . , . , , ,
. , , . , .
, .
: ,
, .
148
II. -
WriteLine(). , (Console.WriteLine()).
, Console,
static. (
Console con = new Console(), ,
con.WriteLine(); ),
Console. , . Console. , , Math, .
,
.

, (, ,
( ) ).
,
.
, , .
.
, . . . ,
.
, , .
. .
, . .
.
. ,
, static.
,
, , .
. .
8.
149

,
() . ,
static Rate=0.12;. ,
, , ,
, , ?
.
static. , , . ,
.
. :
class SimpleClass
{
// ,
// :
static long dt;
//
//
//
//
,
,
,
dt:
static SimpleClass()
{
dt = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
}
}
SimpleClass dt.

, static " " . ,
static class MyClass {} .
150
II. -
: , .
,
. .
"", "" "".

" ".
, ,
,
, .
, "" () , , . , . . , -, , .
, , , Console,
( ) Read(), ReadLines(),
, ,
-. Console. string s = ReadLines();, .
,
. ,
private. , , ( get
( ) set ( )).
,
, . ,
,
.
, ? public, private, protected ( -
8.
151
) internal. .
,
( ), private,
. , .
( public) ,
, ,
.
readonly. "
"? , . ,
,
" ". C#
readonly. readonly , const (, ), , " ".
, ( , ). ,
, , ( static , . .
).
" " .
readonly ,
, const.
. supp(). , , - , .
" ", NumSupp, .
:
public class A
{
public static readonly uint NumSupp;
static A() //
152
II. -
{
NumSupp
supp (Data);
}
}

. supp(Data)
, NumSupp
, .
, get set.
: . get set.
get set
Employee, . " ". ,
. private.
private string empName; ( , . .
string). , , . Get (). , , GetName(). ?
, . , . .
, . , public. . ,
string (
). empName
:
public string GetName()
{
return empName;
}
, return
( ).
, , :
string s = GetName();
8.
153
.
(. . emp Employee).

:
Employee emp = new Employee(" . .",
);
string s = emp.GetName();
s " . .".
, . SetName() ( Name).
,
, . : , ,
. , ,
. - . ,
, . .
public. return ,
void.
string, . .
, . ,
:
public void SetName(string Name)
{
if(Name.Length > 9)
WriteLine(": 9 ");
else
empName = Name;
}
, , empName .
Employee
, 8.2.
8.2
* User: user
* Date: 27.11.2012
154
II. -
* Time: 16:39
*
using System;
namespace app23_set_get
{
class Employee
{
private string empName;
//
// : public,
//
//
public Employee(string name)
{
empName=name;
}
// :
public string GetName()
{
return empName;
}
public int SetName(string Name)
{
if(Name.Length > 9)
{
Console.WriteLine(": " +
" 9, = {0}", Name);
return(0);
}
else
{
empName = Name;
return(1);
}
} // if
} //
class Program
{
8.
155
{
// :
Employee emp = new Employee(" ..");
// name (
// static,
// ):
string s=emp.GetName();
Console.WriteLine(" name = {0}",s);
Console.Write(": <Enter> >");
// name:
if(emp.SetName(" ..") == 0)
emp.SetName(" .");
// , , ,
//
s=emp.GetName();
Console.WriteLine(" name = {0}",s);
Console.Write(": <Enter> >");
}
}
}
. 8.3.
. 8.3. get, set

# , .
.
Employee : .
8.3.
156
II. -
8.3
* User: user
* Date: 27.11.2012
* Time: 18:12
*
using System;
namespace app24_properties
{
class Employee
{
private int empID;
private float empPay;
//
public Employee(string Name, int ID, float Pay)
{
empName=Name; empID=ID; empPay=Pay;
}
//
/*
, Pay
. empPay float,

Pay float. this -

*/
public Employee(string Name,int ID, double Pay)
{
this.Name=Name; this.ID=ID; this.Pay=(float)Pay;
}
// Name, ID, Pay:
public string Name
{
get { return empName; }
8.
157
set
{
if (value.Length > 9)
Console.WriteLine (": > 9. "+
" = {0}", value);
else
empName = value;
} // set
} // Name
public int ID
{
get { return empID; }
set { empID = value; }
} // ID
public float Pay
{
get {return empPay;}
set { empPay = value;}
}
} // Employee
class Program
{
{
Employee emp = new Employee("", 411, 15000);
// :
Console.WriteLine("empName = {0}",emp.Name);
Console.WriteLine("empID = {0}",emp.ID);
Console.WriteLine("empPay = {0}",emp.Pay);
Pay
// emp.SetPay(emp.GetPay() + 1000);
//
emp.Pay += 1000; // emp.Pay 16000
Console.WriteLine("empPay 1000
= {0}",emp.Pay);
//
//
Console.WriteLine(" :");
Employee emp1 = new Employee("",001,25000);
158
II. -
// :
Console.WriteLine("empName = {0}",emp1.Name);
Console.WriteLine("empID = {0}",emp1.ID);
Console.WriteLine("empPay = {0}",emp1.Pay);
Console.Write("Press any key to continue... ");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
, ,
, . public, . . , , .
, ,
. get ( ) set ( ). get()
, set() value, , set(). value
. ,
, .
, private float empPay (),
,
public float Pay
{
get {return empPay;}
set { empPay = value;}
}
(
-), , ,
1000, :
Employee emp = new Employee("");
emp.SetPay(emp.GetPay() + 1000);
Pay
emp.Pay += 1000;
8.
159
, ?

emp.Pay += 1000;
.

get(), .
( Get())
: emp.Pay. ! , ,
, - get set,
, , SetName(), GetName() . .
:
, .
, , :
{
empName=name;
}
:
{
Name=name;
}
Name , empName, .
, ( ). -
. 8.4.
160
II. -
8.3. . 8.4.

get, set,
, ().
- , ( get),
( set).
static, ,
.

,
get-set, ( ) . getset . ,
. , . ,
, ( ),
.
. 8.3. empPay Pay :
private float empPay; //
public float Pay
//
{
get { return empPay; }
set { empPay = value; }
}
, :
public float Pay {get; set;}
( ). , , ,
. !
.
8.
161

, ,
. , / (
), . , ,
class p
{
// ()
public int x {get; set;}
public int y {get; set;}
//
public p()
{
}
public p(int v1, int v2)
{
x=v1;
y=v2;
}
}
C :
p ob1=new p(); ob1.x=10; ob1.y=20;
p ob2=new p(10,20);
:
p ob=new p {x=10, y=20};
. ,
p ob=new p() {x=10, y=20};

, .
, :
p ob2=new p(10,20) {x=30, y=40};
, , (30, 40).
162
II. -

,
. ,
: /
. 8.4. . 8.5.
8.4
* User: user
* Date: 30.11.2012
* Time: 13:27
*
using System;
namespace app25_obj_ini
{
class p
{
// ()
public int x {get; set;}
public int y {get; set;}
//
public p()
{
}
public p(int v1, int v2)
{
x=v1;
y=v2;
}
}
class Program
{
{
p ob1=new p(); ob1.x=10; ob1.y=20;
8.
163
Console.WriteLine(" "+
" : x={0} y={1}",
ob1.x, ob1.y);
p ob2=new p(10,20);
" : x={0} y={1}",
ob2.x, ob2.y);
p ob=new p {x=10, y=20};
" : x={0} y={1}",
ob.x, ob.y);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 8.5.
.
partial
, ( - ), , . , , , , , ,
, .
,
partial ().
, , .
(
) .
: () cs
, -
164
II. -
(, , ).
partial.
( Main()). cs WordPad ( cs). ,
: Project | Add | Existing Item.
. cs- .
8.58.7.
. 8.6.
8.5
//
partial class Employee
{
//
//
private int empID;
//
private float currPay;
//
private int empAge;
//
private string empSSN;
//
private static string companyName; //
//
public Employee() { }
public Employee(string name, int age, int id,
float pay, string ssn)
{
//
Name = name;
Age = age;
ID = id;
Pay = pay;
SocialSecurityNumber = ssn;
}
static Employee() //
{
companyName = "Union Fenosa";
}
}
8.
8.6
//
partial class Employee
{
//
public static string Company
{
get { return companyName; }
set { companyName = value; }
}
public string Name
{
get { return empName; }
set
{
if (value.Length > 9)
; // Console.WriteLine(" 9 ");
else
empName = value;
}
}
public int ID
{
get { return empID; }
set { empID = value; }
}
public float Pay
{
get { return currPay; }
set { currPay = value; }
}
public int Age
{
get { return empAge; }
set { empAge = value; }
}
public string SocialSecurityNumber
{
get { return empSSN; }
set { empSSN = value; }
}
} // class
165
166
II. -
8.7
/*
* Created by SharpDevelop.
* User: user
* Date: 30.11.2012
* Time: 15:43
*
using System;
namespace app22_employee_all
{
class Program
{
{
"");
Employee emp = new Employee {Name=""};
//
//
Console.WriteLine("C : {0}",
emp.Name);
}
}
}
. 8.6. ,
8.
167
.
, , . . ,
.
, ( ), .
, , , , .

public protected.
, 8.8.
8.8
class car
//
{
const int maxSpeed = 90; // .
int carSpeed;
//
public int Speed
// (
// )
{
get {return carSpeed;}
set
{
carSpeed = value; //
//
if(carSpeed > maxSpeed) //
//
carSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
} // Speed
} // car
car ()
(carSpeed). Speed,
(set) , , maxSpeed. , get -
168
II. -
. , (My_car) , , car, . carName. , ,

, .
, .

. , C#.
, . , 8.9.
8.9
class My_car : car

{
const int maxName = 20;
string carName;
//
public string Name // (
// )
{
get {return carName;}
set
{
carName = value;
if(carName.Length > maxName)
carName=": " +
" 20- ";
}
}
, 8.8, : -
-.
8.8 8.9 ,
Main(), ,
My_car. ,
Speed -,
. 8.10,
. 8.7.
8.
169
8.10
* User: user
* Date: 02.12.2012
* Time: 12:42
*
using System;
namespace app27_inherit
{
class car
{
const int maxSpeed = 90;
int carSpeed;
public int Speed
{
get {return carSpeed;}
set
{
carSpeed = value;
//
// .
//
//
//
//
if(carSpeed > maxSpeed)
//
//
carSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
} // Speed
} // car
class My_car : car
{
// :
const int maxName = 20;
string carName;
//
public string Name
//
{
get {return carName;}
set
{
carName = value;
170
II. -
if(carName.Length > maxName)
carName=": " +
" 20- ";
}
}
}
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" -:");
car obj_car = new car {Speed = 85}; //
//
" : {0}",
obj_car.Speed);
My_car cr = new My_car {Name = "Volvo"};
//
cr.Speed=88;
Console.WriteLine(" : " +
"{0}\nC : {1}",
cr.Name, cr.Speed);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 8.7.
8.
171
-, , , public, . . .
public , private. ,
public . , , , .
-, ,
, , , ,
,
(. cr.Speed=88;).

C# . ,
. sealed (). sealed class car { },
class My_car : car { }
. , , . . .
My_string : strring {}
, . . string :
, .

, . : : ,
? , , .
,
, ,
.
( , . . ),
: ,
172
II. -
, ( ,
, , ). , , ,
. .
?
base,
. , , :
_(_) : base
(_)
{
//
}
base (_) ,
.
,
, ( ) base.
.
8.11. . 8.8.
8.11
* User: user
* Date: 02.12.2012
* Time: 16:42
*
using System;
namespace app28_base
{
class MyClass
{
public int x, y, z;
//
8.
//
public MyClass(int x, int y, int z)
{
/* this , . .
.
this.x ,
*/
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.z = z;
}
}
class inherite_class : MyClass
{
int point; //
// base:
//
// x, y, z, . .
//
// ,
//
public inherite_class(int point, int x, int y, int z)
: base(x, y, z)
{
this.point = point; //
//
}
// -
public void Pointer(inherite_class new_point)
{
// :
new_point.x += new_point.point;
new_point.y += new_point.point;
new_point.z += new_point.point;
" : {0} {1} {2}",
new_point.x, new_point.y, new_point.z);
}
}
173
174
II. -
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
" base\n");
inherite_class obj = new inherite_class(5, 2, 3, 4);
": {0} {1} {2}", obj.x, obj.y, obj.z);
obj.Pointer(obj);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
. 8.8. base
, base , , ,
.

base.
base, . , base
, . base(). , ,
.
8.
175

, .
- -
. ? , .
, .
, , 8.12, . 8.9.
8.12
* User: user
* Date: 02.12.2012
* Time: 19:03
*
using System;
namespace app29_include_sealed
{
sealed public class A
{
int a; //
int b;
//
public int A_a
{
get { return a; }
set { a=value; }
}
public int A_b
{
get { return b; }
set { b=value; }
}
//
public A(int a,int b)
{this.a=a; this.b=b;}
176
II. -
//
public int M_A()
{
return (a + b);
}
}
class B
{
public int c;
public A ab = new A(15,20);
public B(int cc)
{
c=cc;
}
}
class Program
{
{
B ba = new B(5);
int sum=ba.c + ba.ab.M_A();
"\n ");
Console.WriteLine(" = {0}", ba.c);
" {0}, {1}",ba.ab.A_a, ba.ab.A_b);
" : {0}", sum);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
, ,
-
8.
177
_b. M_A(), . ab, . ,

( ,
M_A()), , . . -
. ,
,
( ), ,
,
. ,
- , ba.ab.A_a.
. 8.9.

:
C# . (
. .)

. ,
. :
public class OuterClass
{
public class InnerClass1 {}
private class InnerClass2 {}
}
,
, , , (
). , :
178
II. -
static void Main()

{
OuterClass.InnerClass1 obj1 =
new OuterClass.InnerClass1();
}
( , ),
( SharpDevelop): (
obj1), , . ,
, .
. . . .
( ,
. .), , , . ,
public. -
, .
. ,
. , ,
.
"". - ,
,
. :
"" "".
Object, Draw() .
, .
Draw(). "" Draw(), . (,
). , , ?
, ,
"" - "".
Draw()
"". : .
8.
179
(method overriding).
- . : , virtual. , . . , Draw()
, , - virtual. . ,
virtual, - .
virtual , , , ,
-, . . . , , virtual,
, . , ,
.
.
, -
( Draw()) . , ? override. . . "" "" Draw() override.

, - ,
, base. , , Draw() base.Draw();, . . -, -
, , ,
.
8.13. . 8.10.
8.13
* User: user
* Date: 04.12.2012
180
II. -
* Time: 12:30
*
using System;
namespace app30_overriding
{
public class A
{
int a; //
int b;
//
public int A_a
{
get {return a;}
set {a=value;}
}
public int A_b
{
get {return b;}
set {b=value;}
}
//
public A() {}
public A(int a,int b)
{ this.a=a; this.b=b; }
//
public virtual int M_A()
{ return (a + b); }
}
class
{ int
int
int
B : A
a;
b;
c;
8.
181
//
public int C_c
{
get {return c;}
set {c=value;}
}
// (,
// )
public B(int aa, int bb, int cc):base(aa, bb)
{
a=aa; b=bb; c=cc;
}
// :
// ""
// ( )
public override int M_A()
{
return (base.M_A() + c*c);
}
}
class Program
{
{
" ");
B b_b = new B(5,6,7);
Console.WriteLine("1- - {0}\n2-
- {1}", b_b.A_a, b_b.A_b);
Console.WriteLine("
{0}\n {1}",b_b.C_c,b_b.M_A());
}
}
}
182
II. -
. 8.10. -

, ,
, . .
(), . ,
,
. ,
.
abstract. .
(, ?).
, ,
virtual, ( )
. , , . .
, - . , Draw()
- . , "!
". .
: . -
"" .
. ,
- .
abstract ( ).

8.
183
, -
-.
abstract . :
abstract class Shape
{
...
public abstract void Draw()
{
...
}
}

, "":
. ,
- , ,
( ) . , ( )

override ( , ) new (,
). , ,
new. , :
public new int indecs;
, indecs
, . C#. , ,
, . 8.13 M_A()
override, ,
, M_A(). , . ,
. , ,
, . 8.10. ,
.
-,
.
184
II. -

,
( () ()). ,
Object,
, . ,
Object. object.
, C# - - (
) , , -
- ( ). 8.14
, . . 8.11.
8.14
* User: user
* Date: 05.12.2012
* Time: 14:03
*
using System;
namespace app32_class_casting
{
public class Base
{
public virtual void WhoAmI()
{
Console.WriteLine("I'm Base");
}
}
public class Derived: Base
{
8.
185
public override void WhoAmI()

{
Console.WriteLine("I'm Derived");
}
}
public class Test
{
{
Derived d = new Derived();
Base b = d;
//
//
b.WhoAmI();
// ,
//
Derived d1 = (Derived) b; //
// (
// )
object o = d;
//
// object
Derived d2 = (Derived) o; //
// (
// )
d.WhoAmI(); // :
//
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 8.11.
as is
object ,
object, object
. "-
186
II. -
" , (
) , . . . "" .
, .
as is. , ,
, , , int. is,
, 8.15.
8.15
* User: user
* Date: 05.12.2012
* Time: 15:04
*
using System;
namespace app33_as_and_is
{
public class test
{
static void Main()
{
String derived_Obj = "Dummy"; //
// String (
// )
Object base_Objl = new Object (); //
Object base_Obj2 = derived_Obj;
//
// :
//
Console.WriteLine ("base_Obj2 {0} String",
base_Obj2 is String ? "" : " ");
Console.WriteLine ("base_Objl {0} String",
base_Objl is String ? "" : " ");
Console.WriteLine ("derived_Obj {0} Object",
derived_Obj is Object ? "" : " ");
int j = 123;
object b = j;
8.
187
object obj = new Object () ;

Console.WriteLine ("b {0} int",
b is int ? "" : " ");
Console.WriteLine ("obj {0} int",
obj is int ? "" : " ");
Console.WriteLine("b {0} System.ValueType",
b is ValueType ? "" : " ");
float f=12.3f;
Console.WriteLine ("f {0} int",
f is int ? "" : " ");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 8.12.
. 8.12. is
String. . , derived_Obj .
, , . . ,
String, Object.
. base_Objl base_Obj2.
derived_Obj.
is
. Console.WriteLine(),
base_Obj2 is String ? "" : " ".
188
II. -
.
(?). ( ) ( )
if...else. :
1 ? 2 : 3;
1 bool ( ), 2 3 .
?. .
1. (True), 2, . 1
( False), 3,
.

base_Obj2 is String ? "" : " "
1 base_Obj2 is String (:
base_Obj2 String).

bool bl= base_Obj2 is String;

base_Obj2 is String ? "" : " "
:
bl ? "" : " "

Console.WriteLine("base_Obj2 {0} String", bl ? "" :
" ");
: base_Obj2 (, , ), , . .
( ).
-.
. {0} (String). .
is ,
8.16. . 8.13.
8.
8.16
* User: user
* Date: 05.12.2012
* Time: 16:02
*
using System;
namespace App33_as_and_is2
{
public class BaseType {}
public class DerivedType : BaseType {}
public class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine (" as");
DerivedType derived_Obj = new DerivedType ();
//
BaseType base_Objl = new BaseType (); //
//
BaseType base_Obj2 = derived_Obj;
//
//
// ,
//
// . , as
// null
DerivedType derived_Obj2 = base_Obj2 as DerivedType;
if(derived_Obj2 != null)
{ Console.WriteLine(" " +
" ");
}
else
{ Console.WriteLine(" "+
" ");
}
189
190
II. -
// :
derived_Obj2 = base_Objl as DerivedType;
if(derived_Obj2 != null)
" ");
}
else
" ");
}
// :
BaseType base_Obj3 = derived_Obj as BaseType;
if (base_Obj3 != null)
" ");
}
else
"");
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
as is null.
. 8.13. as
8.
191
, , , . ,
,
, . , ,
. C#,
, , , , .
. (
):
public struct Person
{
public int x, y;
public Person(int p1, int p2)
{
x = p1;
y = p2;
}
}
struct .
(Person). : , .
.
.

, .
-
( ).
. -
,
. , , . , , .
192
II. -
new (. . ).
, .
, , 8.17.
8.17
* User: user
* Date: 07.12.2012
* Time: 12:34
*
using System;
namespace app35_struct
{
public struct Person
{
public int x, y;
int c; // private
public Person(int p1, int p2, int p3)
{
x = p1;
y = p2;
c = p3;
}
public int M(int a)
{
c=a;
return c;
}
}
class Program
{
{
8.
193
Person p = new Person(1,2,3);

int sum = p.x + p.y;
sum += p.M(4); // M() ""
}
}
}
- , , . ?
, . ,

, , : , . .
:
: , (, , ) new ,
. . , , (, ) . , ,
,
( ) , , . . ,
, , , .
. , , , .
194
II. -

try catch
, , . ,
, .
.
, , , ,
.
, , ,
, . ,
. ,

, . . , , ,
. , . C# . , , ,
. ,
,
-
196
II. -
, ,

, ,
.
C#, .NET, C#,
, , ,
.
,
, . .
,
(. . ) .
,
,
try ().
,
, catch (, ).
,
finally ( ),
throw (),
, ( ()),
throw .
Object,

System.Exception, , ( ),
Object.
, , . . , 9.1, . 9.1.
9.
197
9.1
* User: user
* Date: 06.12.2012
* Time: 12:32
*
using System;
namespace app34_exeption
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
" 5 ");
int i = (Console.ReadLine().Length);
try
{
if (i > 5)
//
throw new Exception(); // OverflowException();
}
catch (Exception ex)
// OverflowException
{
Console.WriteLine(" 5 " +
"");
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
. 9.1. , 5
198
II. -
,
try catch. , .
: , , try.
. . try
(
), try
trow. .
Exception() , ,
( ). ,
-. OverflowException, throw.
-, ( , ,
).
Exception,
.
try catch. .
. try
, catch (, if...else).
: . catch
-.
, throw.
catch
Exception. , 9.2, .
. 9.2.
9.2
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 06.12.2012
Time: 12:32
9.
199

using System;
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
"");
try
{
if (i > 5)
//
throw new Exception(); // OverflowException();
}
catch (Exception ex) // OverflowException
{
"");
Console.WriteLine("Message = {0}", ex.Message);
Console.WriteLine("Source = {0}", ex.Source);
Console.WriteLine("StackTrace = {0}",
ex.StackTrace);
Console.WriteLine("TargetSite = {0}",
ex.TargetSite);
Console.WriteLine("HelpLink = {0}", ex.HelpLink);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
. 9.2 ,

Exception.
Message , .
Source .
200
II. -
. 9.2.
Exception
StackTrace :
,
" ", . "" ( )
, .
TargetSite - . Main().
HelpLink URL-,
. .
.
catch ex.HelpLink = "URL-";.
Exception
HelpLink.
finally
, try...catch. , , .
, , ,
. ,
C# : finally.
finally , , , ( ) . ,
9.
201
try...catch,
finally
try...catch.
try...catch finally:
try
{
// ,
}
catch ()
{
//
}
finally {
// :
// , . .
}
finally ,
try...catch, , .
, try
, , finally. 9.2
catch :
finally
{Console.WriteLine(" ");}
9.3.
. 9.3.
9.3
* User: user
* Date: 06.12.2012
* Time: 12:32
*
using System;
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
202
II. -
{
"");
try
{
if (i > 5)
//
throw new Exception(); // OverflowException ();
}
catch (Exception ex) // ExceptionOverflow
{
ex.HelpLink="Micrisoft.com";
"");
Console.WriteLine("Message = {0}", ex.Message);
Console.WriteLine("Source = {0}", ex.Source);
Console.WriteLine("StackTrace = {0}",
ex.StackTrace);
Console.WriteLine("TargetSite = {0}",
ex.TargetSite);
Console.WriteLine("HelpLink = {0}", ex.HelpLink);
}
finally
{
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
. 9.3.
10
"".
, . # -
, . , . , , ,
( ). .
? , - ().

, ,
, - (
: , ),
( ), "". (
: ,
, ). C# , . .
, , ""
. ,
, . , IFILE
Fileopen(), FileClose() .
204
II. -
:
1(), 2(), 3(),
. . , , 2() Inh?
.
2(), Inh .
.
,
, . , Triangles () Shapes (). Triangles IPointy, . Triangles
:
Class Triangles : Shapes, IPointy
{
//
//
//
//
public override void Draw();
// iPointy:
public byte Points //
{
get { return 3; } //
//
}
} //
Hexagon () iPointy, Hexagon:

Class Hexagon : Shapes, IPointy
{
//
//
//
//
public override void Draw();
// iPointy:
public byte Points //
10.
205
{
get { return 6; }
//
//
}
//
.
Hexagon hex = new Hexagon();
int i = hex.Points;
( ).
,
10.1.
10.1
* User: user
* Date: 07.12.2012
* Time: 15:55
*
using System;
namespace app37_interface
{
interface ICar
{
int Speed{get; set;}
void GetInfo();
}
interface IPrice
{
double Price();
}
public class Ferrari: ICar,IPrice
{
private int spd; // ()
206
II. -
public int Speed // ()
{
get { return spd; }
set { spd = value; }
}
// :
public void GetInfo()
{
Speed=250;
Console.WriteLine(" Ferrari @ +
" . {0}", Speed);
}
// :
public double IPrice()
{
Console.WriteLine("\n 20000");
}
}
class Program
{
{
"");
Ferrari fr = new Ferrari();
fr.GetInfo();
}
}
}
ICar Speed ( ) GetInfo(). ,

,
. Ferrari ( ), spd () Speed.
ICar:
. . 10.1.
10.
207
. 10.1.
( ). 10.2: ,
.
10.2
* User: user
* Date: 07.12.2012
* Time: 15:55
*
using System;
namespace app37_interface2
{
public interface IPrice
{
double Price();
}
public interface ICar
{
int Speed {get; set;}
void GetInfo();
}
public class Ferrari : ICar,IPrice
{
private int spd; // ()
public int Speed // ()
{
get { return spd; }
208
II. -
set { spd = value; }
}
// :
public void GetInfo()
{
Speed=250;
Console.WriteLine(" Ferrari " +
" . {0}", Speed);
}
// :
public double Price()
{
return 20000;
}
}
class Program
{
{
" ");
Ferrari fr = new Ferrari();
fr.GetInfo();
Console.WriteLine(" {0}",
fr.Price());
}
}
}
. 10.2.
. 10.2.
10.
209
,
( ). ? (, , ), , . ,
,
. ,

. , price() : double
interf1.price() {}, double interf2.price() {}.
. ( ).
, , , , .
210
II. -
11
, ,
.
IL DASM

.
Common Intermediate Language( CIL)
, Microsoft .NET
Framework. ,
.NET, CIL. . 11.1. CIL .
CIL ,

,
CIL , .
" ". CIL IL (Intermediate
Language), . . " ".
Common Language Runtime (CLR) -
.NET.
Just in Time (JIT) c CIL. -
CLR.
.
.
.NET ,
CIL. , , -
212
II. -
.
,
( , ),
.
, , , , .
Dinamic Link Library (dll) , -
.
exe ( ) .
.
. 11.1. .NET
exe- dll-. , . , ( ).
. , ,
, . , , , . . ,
11. , ,
213
. , ,
. . , , . , ,
, ,
, ,
, , .

IL DASM, Tools (. 11.2).
. 11.2. IL Dasm
IL DASM
. , .
. 11.3.
.
View (
,
. .). Main(), CIL, , .NET.
,
.
214
II. -
. 11.3. 10

(namespace) ,
C++ ,
.
, , ,
, , , , ,
.
,
. -
11. , ,
215
, -
, - .

.
C#.
(
: , Timer .NET Framework ). :
,
System.
90 , .NET Framework, System.
? :
namespace
{
class
{
...
}
...
}
:
;
;
;
.
-
,
, . . .
using () ,
, .
.NET . 11.1.
216
II. -
11.1. .NET
System
,

, ,
,
, , , , . http://msdn.
microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.aspx
System.Collections
,
: ,
, , .

http://msdn.microsoft.com/enUS/library/system.collections(v=VS.80).aspx
System.Collections.Generic
System.Data
.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.data.aspx
System.IO

-.
http://msdn.
microsoft.com/en-us/library/29kt2zfk.aspx
System.Drawing

Windows Forms.
:
System.Windows.Forms
System.Windows
System.Windows.Controls
System.Windows.Shapes
http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.drawing(v=VS.85).aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.windows.forms.aspx
System.Windows
,
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).
:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.windows.aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/
system.windows.controls(v=VS.95).aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.windows.shapes.aspx
11. , ,
217
11.1 ()

System.ServiceModel
Windows
Communication Foundation (WCF).

http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/system.servicemodel.aspx
System.Security
,

. .
http://msdn.microsoft.com/
en-us/library/windows/apps/hh454038.aspx

using. ,
.
, ?
.
, , .
- , - .
?
Add Reference ( ) Project () . ,
(
Net Assembly Browser NET-).
Browse, .
,
, OK
. using
,
, ,
using app39_namespace.pbi.MyModul;
app39_namespace ( exe ),
pbi.MyModul , .
,
(alias) :
using alias = _

. ,
218
II. -
11.1,
. 11.4. , , , .
11.1
//
* User: user
* Date: 08.12.2012
* Time: 15:49
*
using System;
namespace app39_namespace
{
namespace pbi.MyModul
{
public class A
{
public int A_a {get; set;}
}
} // MyModul
class Program
{
{
}
}
}
11. , ,
//
* User: user
* Date: 09.12.2012
* Time: 11:17
*
using System;
namespace app40_namespace_2
{
namespace pbi.MyModul2
{
public class B
{
public int B_b {get; set;}
}
} // MyModul2
class Program
{
{
}
}
}
//
/*
*
*
*
*
,
User: user
Date: 09.12.2012
Time: 11:21
219
220
II. -

using System;
//
// Project
//
//
//
//
,
:
using app39_namespace.pbi.MyModul;
using app40_namespace_2.pbi.MyModul2;
//
using MyModul = app39_namespace.pbi.MyModul;
using MyModul2 = app40_namespace_2.pbi.MyModul2;
namespace app41_namespace_main
{
class Program
{
{
" \n");
// app39_namespace.pbi.MyModul.A a = new
app39_namespace.pbi.MyModul.A();
MyModul.A a = new MyModul.A();
a.A_a=5;
// app40_namespace_2.pbi.MyModul2.B b =
new app40_namespace_2.pbi.MyModul2.B();
MyModul2.B b =
new app40_namespace_2.pbi.MyModul2.B();
b.B_b=6;
Console.Write(" +
" \n");
Console.Write(" _ = {0}, B_b = {1}\n",
a.A_a, b.B_b);
11. , ,
221

}
}
}
. 11.4. :
, ;

222
II. -
, namespace
<_>:
. ,
, .
12
C#
, .

: , . : , . ,
, , , . System.Array, .
System.Array .
, . C#-
, .
System.Collections.

:
IEnumerable -
ICollection -
IList -
. ;
224
II. -
IDictionary IList, ,
animalArray animalArrayList
12.1.
. 12.1.
12.1
/*
*
*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 10.12.2012
Time: 18:50
namespace app43_collections_2
{
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace app42_collections_1
{
public abstract class Animal
{
protected string name; //
public string Name
//
{
get {return name;}
set {name = value;}
}
public Animal() //
{
name = " ";
}
public Animal(string newName) //
//
12. .
{
name = newName;
}
public void Feed() //
{
Console.WriteLine ("{0} ", name);
}
} // Animal
public class Cow : Animal
//
{
public void Milk() //
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", name);
}
public Cow(string newName) : base(newName)
// (
// )
{
}
} // Cow
public class Chicken : Animal //
{
public void LayEgg() //
{
Console.WriteLine ("{0} ", name);
}
public Chicken(string newName) : base(newName)
// (
// )
{
}
} // Chicken
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
"Array Animal " +
" ");
225
226
II. -
// animalArray
// .
//
// Array,
//
Animal [] animalArray = new Animal [2];
Cow myCowl = new Cow(""); //
//
// :
animalArray [0] = myCowl; //
// ( )
animalArray [1] = new Chicken(""); //
//
//( )
//
//
//
//
//
//

.
myAnimal ,
:
,

foreach (Animal myAnimal in animalArray)

{
Console.WriteLine(" Array "+
" , = {0}",
myAnimal.Name);
}
//
Console. WriteLine(" Array "+
" {0}",
animalArray.Length);
animalArray[0].Feed(); //
//
((Chicken)animalArray[1]).LayEgg(); //
//
// animalArray ,
// Chicken,
// LayEgg().
// .
12. .
// :
Console.WriteLine();
"ArrayList Animal " +
" :");
ArrayList animalArrayList = new ArrayList();
Cow myCow2 = new Cow("");
animalArrayList.Add(myCow2); //
// : ,
// . :
// ,
// Array ,
// (Add() . .)
animalArrayList.Add(new Chicken(""));
// :
foreach (Animal myAnimal in animalArrayList)
{
Console. WriteLine(" " +
" ArrayList," +
" = {0}", myAnimal.Name);
}
Console.WriteLine(" ArrayList "+
" {0} ",
animalArrayList.Count); //
// Count
((Animal)animalArrayList[0]).Feed(); //
// Feed(),
// Animal,
// Feed()
((Chicken)animalArrayList[1]).LayEgg();
Console. WriteLine(" " +
" ArrayList:");
// : .
// .
//
animalArrayList.RemoveAt(0);
227
228
II. -
" :");
{ Console.WriteLine ("{0}", myAnimal.Name); }
// :
//
((Animal)animalArrayList[0]).Feed();
// :
//
animalArrayList.AddRange (animalArray);
"animalArray " +
"animalArrayList :");
{ Console.WriteLine ("{0}", myAnimal.Name); }
// ,
((Chicken)animalArrayList[2]).LayEgg();
Console.WriteLine(" {0} " +
" {1}",
// : ()
//
myCowl.Name, animalArrayList.IndexOf(myCowl));
myCowl.Name = "";
" {0}", ((Animal) animalArrayList[1]).Name);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
}
,
ArrayList. ,
. . 12.1.
12. .
229
. 12.1. :
animalArray animalArray List
IEnumerable IEnumerator
IEnumerable IEnumerator ,
foreach.
IEnumerator ,
. IEnumerator :
MoveNext(), 1
, ,
;
Reset(), -
1. ;
Current(), .
IEnumerable IEnumerator.
foreach, , .
230
II. -
, C# ( ),
. .
.
12.2, . 12.2.
12.2
* User: user
* Date: 13.12.2012
* Time: 14:34
*
using System;
namespace app46_Ienum_Ienumble
{
public class car
{
//
private int year;
//
private string brand; //
//
public car(string Brand,int Year)
{
brand=Brand;
year=Year;
}
//
public int Year
{
get {return year;}
set {year=value;}
}
public string Brand
{
get {return brand;}
12. .
set {brand=value;}
}
} // end class
public class cars : IEnumerator,IEnumerable
{
// car
// (: " ")
private car[] carlist; //
int position = -1;
//
//
// : carlist
//
public cars()
{
carlist = new car[6]
{
new car("Ford",1992),
new car("Fiat",1988),
new car("Buick",1932),
new car("Ford",1932),
new car("Dodge",1999),
new car("Honda",1977)
};
}
// ,
// ( C#)
// IEnumerable
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() //
//
{ // ,
// IEnumerator
return (IEnumerator)this;
}
// IEnumerator
public bool MoveNext() //
231
232
II. -
{
position++;
return (position < carlist.Length);
}
public void Reset()
// :
//
{position = 0;}
public object Current //
{
get { return carlist[position];}
}
}
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" INumerator,
INumarable\n foreach");
cars C = new cars();
foreach(car c in C)
//
// ,
Console.WriteLine(c.Brand + "\t\t" + c.Year);
}
}
}
foreach,
MoveNext(), ,
cars 1, 1, 1- .
Current(), (
12. .
233
). , foreach.
, MoveNext(), . Current(), ,
. . , ,
MoveNext() , .
. 12.2. foreach
foreach ,
,
.

System.Collections.CollectionBase.
protected: List InnerList.List
, InnerList, ArrayList,
. . 12.1, . 12.2.
234
II. -
12.1. CollectionBase
Capacity
, CollectionBase
Count
,
CollectionBase.
InnerList
ArrayList,
CollectionBase
List
IList, CollectionBase
12.2. CollectionBase
Clear

CollectionBase.
Equals(Object)
,
. Object
GetEnumerator
,

CollectionBase
OnClear

CollectionBase
OnClearComplete

CollectionBase
OnInsert

CollectionBase
OnInsertComplete

CollectionBase
OnRemove

CollectionBase
12. .
235
12.2 ()
OnRemoveComplete

CollectionBase
OnSet

CollectionBase
OnSetComplete

CollectionBase
OnValidate
RemoveAt
CollectionBase.
ToString
,
. ( Object.)
ICollection.CopyTo
CollectionBase Array,
IList.Add

CollectionBase
IList.Contains
,
CollectionBase
IList.IndexOf
Object
( )
CollectionBase
IList.Insert
CollectionBase

IList.IsFixedSize
, ,
CollectionBase
IList.IsReadOnly
, ,
CollectionBase
IList.Item
IList.Remove

CollectionBase
236
II. -
, "On" .
, . . ( ) . "On"
, List, , InnerList.
CollectionBase , 12.3,
. 12.3. .
12.3
* User: user
* Date: 11.12.2012
* Time: 14:30
*
using System;
namespace app44_collections_CollectionBase_class
{
public class Int16Collection : CollectionBase
{
public Int16 this[ int index ] //
//
// ( . )
{ get { return((Int16) List[index]); }
set { List[index] = value; }
}
//
//
//
//
, .
, , ,
,

public int Add(Int16 value)

{ return(List.Add(value)); }
12. .
public int IndexOf(Int16 value)
{ return(List.IndexOf(value)); }
public void Insert(int index, Int16 value)
{ List.Insert(index, value); }
public void Remove(Int16 value)
{ List.Remove(value); }
public bool Contains(Int16 value)
{ // value Int16, false
return(List.Contains(value));
}
// (
// )
protected override void OnInsert(int index,
Object value)
{ /* ,
,
values */
}
protected override void OnRemove(int index,
Object value)
{ /* ,
,
values */
}
protected override void OnSet(int index,
Object oldValue, Object newValue)
{ /* ,
,
values */
}
/* value
Int16.
Int16,
*/
237
238
II. -
protected override void OnValidate(Object value)

{
if (value.GetType() != typeof(System.Int16))
throw new ArgumentException("value must be of type
Int16.", "value");
}
} //
{
{
//
Int16Collection myI16 = new Int16Collection();
//
// (1, 2, ...) Int16
myI16.Add((Int16) 1);
//
" foreach:");
PrintValues1(myI16);
" enumerator:");
PrintValues2(myI16);
" Count Item:");
PrintIndexAndValues(myI16);
// 3
// Contains IndexOf
Console.WriteLine("Contains 3: {0}",
myI16.Contains(3));
Console.WriteLine("2 {0}.",
myI16.IndexOf(2));
12. .
239
// ,
// 3
myI16.Insert(3, (Int16) 13);
" 13, 3:");
//
// : myI16[4] = 123;
myI16[4] = 123;
" 4 123:");
// 2
myI16.Remove((Int16) 2); // RemoveA()
// ,
" 2:");
Console.Read();
}
//
// Count Item
public static void PrintIndexAndValues(Int16Collection myCol)
{
for (int i = 0; i < myCol.Count; i++)
Console.WriteLine("
[{0}]:
{1}", i, myCol[i]);
}
// foreach,
// enumerator
public static void PrintValues1(Int16Collection myCol)
{
foreach (Int16 i16 in myCol)
Console.WriteLine("
{0}", i16);
}
// enumerator
public static void PrintValues2(Int16Collection myCol)
240
II. -
{
System.Collections.IEnumerator myEnumerator =
myCol.GetEnumerator();
while (myEnumerator.MoveNext()) //
//
Console.WriteLine("
{0}", myEnumerator.Current);
//
}
}
}
, 12.1 Animal .
System.Collections.CollectionBase,
Clear(), RemoveAt(), Remove() Count.
Animal:
public class Animals : CollectionBase
{
public void Add(Animal newAnimal)
{ List.Add(newAnimal); }
public void Remove(Animal oldAnimal)
{ List.Remove(oldAnimal); }
public Animals()
{} //
}
Add() Remove() , . ., ,
( )
Add() Remove().
Animals .
,
12.3.
, .
:
public Int16 this[ int index ]
{ get { return((Int16) List[index]); }
set { List[index] = value; }
}
12. .
. 12.3. CollectionBase
241
242
II. -
,
.
. 12.3 :
myI16[4] = 123;
. ,
.
IDictionary
, CollectionBase,
IList,
.
( ) , , , . ,
DictionaryBase,
, . CollectionBase,
, .
DictionaryBase, IDictionary,
. 12.312.5.
12.3. DictionaryBase
Count

DictionaryBase
Dictionary

DictionaryBase
12.4. DictionaryBase
Clear
DictionaryBase
CopyTo
DictionaryBase
Array
Equals(Object)
12. .
243
12.4 ()
Finalize
try to

GetEnumerator
IDictionaryEnumerator,
DictionaryBase
GetType
DictionaryBase
(, , , , ,
, ( . ),

OnClear
"
DictionaryBase". .

OnClearComplete
, OnClear,

OnGet
" ". .

. ,

OnInsert
"
DictionaryBase ". .

OnInsertComplete
, OnInsert,

OnRemove
, OnInsert,
OnRemoveComplete
, OnInsertComplete,
OnSet
, OnRemove,
OnSetComplete
, OnSet,
ToString
244
II. -
12.5.
IDictionary.Add
DictionaryBase

IDictionary.Contains
,
DictionaryBase
IDictionary.IsFixedSize
, ,
DictionaryBase
IDictionary.IsReadOnly
, ,
DictionaryBase "
" object
IDictionary.Item

DictionaryBase
IDictionary.Keys
ICollection,
DictionaryBase
IDictionary.Remove

DictionaryBase
IDictionary.Values
ICollection,
DictionaryBase
IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
IEnumerator,
DictionaryBase

, 12.4.
. 12.4.
12.4
* User: user
* Date: 11.12.2012
* Time: 18:20
*
using System;
12. .
namespace app45_IDictionary
{
public class SimpleDictionary : IDictionary
{ // (, )
private DictionaryEntry[] items;
private Int32 ItemsInUse = 0; //
// ,
//
public SimpleDictionary(Int32 numItems)
{
items = new DictionaryEntry[numItems]; //
//
}
#region IDictionary Members // ,
//
// ,
// ()
public bool IsReadOnly
{ get { return false; } }
//
// ,
//
public bool Contains(object key)
{
Int32 index;
return TryGetIndexOfKey(key, out index); //
// ,
//
}
// ,
//
public bool IsFixedSize { get { return false; } }
//
public void Remove(object key)
{
if (key == null)
245
246
II. -
throw new ArgumentNullException("key"); //
//
// DictionaryEntry
Int32 index;
if (TryGetIndexOfKey(key, out index))
{
// ,
Array.Copy(items, index + 1, items, index,
ItemsInUse index 1);
ItemsInUse--;
}
else
{ // }
}
// IDictionary
/* C#
.
: ,
: */
public void Clear() { ItemsInUse = 0; }
// . " ",
//
public void Add(object key, object value)
{
// " ",
//
if (ItemsInUse == items.Length)
throw new InvalidOperationException("
");
items[ItemsInUse++] = new DictionaryEntry(key,
value);
}
public ICollection Keys
{ get
{ // :
/* ItemsInUse
*/
12. .
Object[] keys = new Object[ItemsInUse];
for (Int32 n = 0; n < ItemsInUse; n++)
keys[n] = items[n].Key;
return keys;
}
}
// , Keys:
// , . .
//
public ICollection Values
{ get
{ //
Object[] values = new Object[ItemsInUse];
for (Int32 n = 0; n < ItemsInUse; n++)
values[n] = items[n].Value;
return values;
}
}
// ,
// :
// .
// ,
//
public object this[object key]
{ get
{ // ,
//
Int32 index;
{ // ,
//
return items[index].Value;
}
else
{ //
return null;
}
}
247
248
II. -
set
{ // ,
//
Int32 index;
{ // ,
//
items[index].Value = value;
}
else
{ // ,
// " "
Add(key, value);
}
}
}
private Boolean TryGetIndexOfKey(Object key,
out Int32 index)
{
for (index = 0; index < ItemsInUse; index++)
{ // , true (
// )
if (items[index].Key.Equals(key)) return true;
}
// , false (index
// ).
return false;
}
private class SimpleDictionaryEnumerator :
IDictionaryEnumerator
{
// SimpleDictionary
DictionaryEntry[] items;
Int32 index = -1;
public SimpleDictionaryEnumerator(SimpleDictionary sd)
{
// DictionaryEntry
items = new DictionaryEntry[sd.Count];
Array.Copy(sd.items, 0, items, 0, sd.Count);
}
12. .
//
public Object Current
{ get { ValidateIndex(); return items[index]; } }
//
public DictionaryEntry Entry
{ get { return(DictionaryEntry) Current; }
}
//
public Object Key
{ get { ValidateIndex(); return items[index].Key; }}
//
public Object Value
{ get { ValidateIndex(); return items[index].Value; }}
//
public Boolean MoveNext()
{
if (index < items.Length 1)
{ index++; return true; }
return false;
}
//
// ,
//
private void ValidateIndex()
{
if (index < 0 || index >= items.Length)
throw new InvalidOperationException(""+
" ");
}
//
//
public void Reset()
{ index = -1; }
}
249
250
II. -
public IDictionaryEnumerator GetEnumerator()

{ //
return new SimpleDictionaryEnumerator(this);
}
#endregion // ,
// ,
//
// ( )
//
//
//
//
ICollection:

( C#),

#region ICollection Members

public bool IsSynchronized
{ get { return false; } }
public object SyncRoot
{ get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } }
public int Count { get { return ItemsInUse; } }
public void CopyTo(Array array, int index)
{ throw new NotImplementedException(); }
#endregion
#region IEnumerable Members
//
// ""
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{ //
return ((IDictionary)this).GetEnumerator();
}
#endregion
}
public sealed class App
{
static void Main()
{
// ,
IDictionary d = new SimpleDictionary(3);
// .
d.Add("", 40);
12. .
d.Add("", 34);
d.Add("", 1);
Console.WriteLine(" = {0}",
d.Count);
Console.WriteLine(" ''? {0}",
d.Contains(""));
/* :
(
d[""]), ,
.
(
)) */
Console.WriteLine(" : {0}", d[""]);
//
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in d)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}:
{1} ",
de.Key, de.Value);
}
//
Console.WriteLine(" ''");
d.Remove("");
//
// .
" ''");
d.Remove("");
// ( ) .
// Keys ,
//
foreach (String s in d.Keys)
251
252
II. -
// ( )
foreach (Int32 age in d.Values)
Console.WriteLine(age);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 12.4. ()
IDictionary.
SimpleDictionary
private DictionaryEntry[] items;

private Int32 ItemsInUse = 0;
items . . ItemsInUse . ()
IDictionary. C# ,
, , . , ,
. . SimpleDictionaryEnumerator -
12. .
253
IDictionaryEnumerator,
foreach.
ICollection, . .
IDictionary ICollection. , Keys ()
Values (). , ,
IEnumerable,
IEnumerator, foreach.
.
d , . " ".
. , . add() IDictionary.
, ,
"" ,
. ""
. "", :
TryGetIndexOfKey() ,
,
. . . IDictionary .

" ". foreach, IEnumerator IEnumerable.
. , . ,
<F10>,
( ) <F11>, <F10> <F11>,
<F5>.
: , .
254
II. -
12.4, , foreach, IENumerable IEnumerator.

,
yield.
"", . . , . , ,
foreach . .
, (
IEnumerable) , 12.5,
. 12.5.
foreach MyEnumerator() (
, ), .
12.5
* User: user
* Date: 15.12.2012
* Time: 13:08
*
using System;
namespace app48_yield
{
public class A
{
static int n;
public A(int N)
{ n=N; }
public IEnumerable MyEnumerator()
{ for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
12. .
255
yield return("String " +

System.Convert.ToString(i));
}
} // A
class Program
{
{
A a = new A(5);
foreach (string item in a.MyEnumerator())
Console.WriteLine(item);
Console.ReadKey();
} // Main
} // Program
}
. 12.5. foreach
yield, c return
MyEnumerator(), .
MyEnumerator() foreach , .

ICloneable,
, .
256
II. -
Clone().
System.Object. 12.6, , ,
. 12.6.
12.6
* User: user
* Date: 16.12.2012
* Time: 11:42
*
using System;
namespace app49_Clone
{
public class A:System.ICloneable
{ // Array
//
public int [] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
//
public A()
{ }
// ICloneable
public Object Clone()
{ return new A(); }
// foreach
public IEnumerable MyNumerator_a()
{
A a = new A();
for(int i=0; i < a.numbers.Length; i++)
yield return a.numbers[i];
}
}
class Program
{
12. .
257
{
A a = new A();
foreach(object o in a.MyNumerator_a())
Console.WriteLine("{0}",o);
A b = (A)a.Clone();
for(int i=0; i < b.numbers.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine("{0}", b.numbers[i]);
}
}
}
. 12.6. ()
,
(numbers). Array
. (
). , ( ).
258
II. -
Clone().
object. Clone()
. , . . foreach. foreach . for
yield, foreach
. .
,
foreach , , , . . object,
b ( , b ). b
for.
Array List<T>
.
Array
, ,
, . . .
. ,
, . ,
, Array , CreateInstance(). . 12.612.8. , : , C#, (
MSDN ). .
12. .
259
12.6. Array
IsFixedSize
, , Array

IsReadOnly
, ,
Array
Length
32- ,

Array
LongLength
64- ,

Array
Rank
() Array
12.7. Array
BinarySearch(Array, Object)

Array,
IComparable, Array
BinarySearch(Array, Object,
IComparer)
Array,
IComparer
BinarySearch(Array, Int32,
Int32, Object)

Array, IComparable,
Array
BinarySearch(Array, Int32,
Int32, Object, IComparer)

Array, IComparer
Clear
Array
, false null
260
II. -
12.7 ()
ConstrainedCopy

Array, ,
Array, . ,

ConvertAll<TInput, TOutput>
Copy(Array, Array, Int32)

Array, ,
Array,
. 32-
Copy(Array, Array, Int64)

Array, ,
Array,
. 64-
Copy(Array, Int32,
Array, Int32, Int32)

Array, ,
Array, .
32-
Copy(Array, Int64,
Array, Int64, Int64)

Array, ,
Array, .
64-
CopyTo(Array, Int32)
Array Array,
Array.
32-
CopyTo(Array, Int64)
Array Array,
Array.
64-
12. .
261
12.7 ()
CreateInstance(Type, Int32)
Array Type ,
CreateInstance(Type, Int32[])
Array Type
,
.
32-
CreateInstance(Type, Int64[])
Array Type
,
.
64-
CreateInstance(Type, Int32,
Int32)
Array Type
,

CreateInstance(Type,
Int32[], Int32[])
Array Type

CreateInstance(Type, Int32,
Int32, Int32)
Array Type
,

Equals(Object)
,
(
Object)
Finalize

, ( Object)
Find<T>
, ,

Array
FindAll<T>
262
II. -
12.7 ()
FindLast<T>
, ,
Array
ForEach<T>
GetEnumerator
IEnumerator Array
GetLength
32- , Array
GetLongLength
64- , Array
GetLowerBound
Array
GetUpperBound
Array
GetValue(Int32)
, Array.
32-
GetValue(Int32[])
, Array.

32-
GetValue(Int64)
, Array.
64-
GetValue(Int64[])
, Array.

64-
IndexOf(Array, Object)

Array
12. .
263
12.7 ()
IndexOf(Array, Object, Int32)

Array,

IndexOf(Array, Object,
Int32, Int32)

Array,

IndexOf<T>(T[], T)

Array
Initialize

Array
LastIndexOf(Array, Object)

Array
LastIndexOf(Array, Object,
Int32)

Array,

LastIndexOf(Array,
Object, Int32, Int32)

Array,

Resize<T>
Reverse(Array)

Array
Reverse(Array, Int32, Int32)

Array
264
II. -
12.7 ()
SetValue(Object, Int32)
,
Array.
32-
Sort(Array)

Array, IComparable
Array
Sort(Array, Array)

Array ( ,
)
Array, IComparable
Sort(Array, IComparer)
Array,
IComparer
Sort(Array, Array,
IComparer)

Array ( ,
)
Array, IComparer
Sort(Array, Int32, Int32)
Array
IComparable Array
Sort(Array, Array, Int32,

Int32)

Array ( ,
)
Array,
IComparable
Sort(Array, Int32, Int32,

IComparer)
Array,
IComparer
Sort(Array, Array, Int32,

Int32, IComparer)
Array (
, ) Array,
IComparer
12. .
265
12.7 ()
Sort<T>(T[])

Array, IComparable<T>
Array
ToString
,
( Object)
12.8. IList
ICollection.Count
,
Array
IList.Add
IList
IList.Clear
IList
IList.Contains
,
IList
IList.IndexOf

IList
IList.Insert
IList
IList.IsFixedSize
, ,
Array
IList.IsReadOnly
, , Array
IList.Item
IList.Remove

IList
IList.RemoveAt
IList
IStructuralComparable.
CompareTo

(
,
)
266
II. -
12.8 ()
IStructuralEquatable.Equals
IStructuralEquatable.
GetHashCode
Array
12.7. . 12.7.
12.7
* User: user
* Date: 17.12.2012
* Time: 12:13
*
using System;
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine("C "+
" int object");
int[] myInt = new int[5] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Object[] myOb = new Object[5] {26, 27, 28, 29, 30};
//
Console.Write(": ");
PrintValues(myInt);
PrintValues(myOb);
// myInt
// myOb: Array
System.Array.Copy(myInt, myOb,2);
12. .
//
Console.WriteLine("\n "+
" 1- 2-");
PrintValues(myInt);
PrintValues(myOb);
//
// myOb myInt
System.Array.Copy(myOb, myOb.GetUpperBound(0) 1,
myInt, myInt.GetUpperBound(0) 1, 2);
//
Console.WriteLine("\n "+
" 2- 1-");
PrintValues(myInt);
Console.Write(": " );
PrintValues(myOb);
Console.Read();
} // Main
//
public static void PrintValues(Object[] myArr)
{
foreach (Object i in myArr)
{ Console.Write("\t{0}", i); }
}
public static void PrintValues(int[] myArr)
{
foreach (int i in myArr)
{ Console.Write("\t{0}", i); }
}
}
}
267
268
II. -
. 12.7. Array
Array
12.8, . 12.8.
12.8
* User: user
* Date: 17.12.2012
* Time: 13:10
*
using System;
{
class Program
{
{
//
// Int32.
Array myArr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(Int32), 2, 3, 4);
// 2, 3, 4
/* typeof
Type,
CreateInstance*/
12. .
269
// GetLowerBound(0)
// Array,
// GetLowerBound(Rank 1)
// Array.
for (int i = myArr.GetLowerBound(0); i <=
myArr.GetUpperBound(0); i++) // 1-
for (int j = myArr.GetLowerBound(1); j <=
myArr.GetUpperBound(1); j++) // 2-
for (int k = myArr.GetLowerBound(2); k <=
myArr.GetUpperBound(2); k++) // 3-
{
//
// :
myArr.SetValue((12*i)+(4*j)+k, i, j, k);
}
/* :
1,2; 1,2,3; 1,2,3,4,
:
1,1,1, 1,1,2, 1,1,3, 1,1,4
1,2,1, 1,2,2, 1,2,3, 1,2,4
1,3,1, 1,3,2, 1,3,3, 1,3,4
2,1,1, 2,1,2, 2,1,3, 2,1,4
2,2,1, 2,2,2, 2,2,3, 2,2,4
2,3,1
2,3,2, 2,3,3, 2,3,4
*/
// Array.
Console.WriteLine(" {0}
{1} ", myArr.Rank, myArr.Length);
Console.WriteLine("\t\t \t ");
for (int i = 0; i < myArr.Rank; i++) //
// 1
{
Console.Write("{0}:\t{1}", i, myArr.GetLength(i));
Console.WriteLine("\t\t{0}\t\t{1}",
myArr.GetLowerBound(i),
myArr.GetUpperBound(i));
}
//
270
II. -
PrintValues(myArr);
Console.Read();
}
public static void PrintValues(Array myArr)
{
// IEnumerable Array,
//
// :
System.Collections.IEnumerator myEnumerator =
myArr.GetEnumerator();
int i = 0;
int cols = myArr.GetLength(myArr.Rank 1);
// : GetLength(0) -
// , Rank-1.
// ,
// false, :
while (myEnumerator.MoveNext()) //
// MoveNext ,
// i : 1, 2
{ if (i < cols)
{ i++; // 4-
}
else
{ Console.WriteLine();
i = 1; //
//
}
Console.Write("\t{0}", myEnumerator.Current); //
// ( )
} // while
}
}
}
12. .
271
. 12.8. Array
List<T>
(<> ), . , .
System.Collections.Generic.List<T>. IList<T>, ICollection<T>, IList, ICollection, IReadOnlyList<T>,
IReadOnlyCollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable,
. . 12.9
12.12. , :
C#, ( MSDN ).
.
12.9. List<T>
List<T>()

List<T>

List<T>(IEnumerable<T>)
List<T>,
, ,
,

272
II. -
12.9 ()
List<T>(Int32)

List<T>
12.10. List<T>
Capacity
Count
, List<T>
Item
12.11. List<T>
Add

List<T>
AddRange

List<T>
AsReadOnly

IList<T>,

BinarySearch(T)

List<T>,
, ,

BinarySearch(T, IComparer<T>)

List<T>,
,
,
BinarySearch(Int32, Int32, T,
IComparer<T>)

List<T>,
, ,
12. .
273
12.11 ()
Clear

List<T>
Contains
,
List<T>
ConvertAll<TOutput>

List<T>

CopyTo(T[])
List<T> ,

CopyTo(T[], Int32)
List<T>
,

CopyTo(Int32, T[], Int32,

Int32)

List<T> ,
Equals(Object)
,
(
Object)
Exists
, List<T> ,
Finalize
Find
, ,
List<T>
FindAll
FindIndex(Predicate<T>)
, ,

List<T>
274
II. -
12.11 ()
FindIndex(Int32,
Predicate<T>)
, ,

List<T>,
FindIndex(Int32, Int32,
Predicate<T>)
, ,

List<T>,

FindLast
, ,
List<T>
FindLastIndex(Predicate<T>)
, ,

List<T>
FindLastIndex(Int32,
Predicate<T>)
, ,

List<T>,

FindLastIndex(Int32, Int32,
Predicate<T>)
, ,

List<T>,

ForEach

List<T>
GetEnumerator
,
List<T>
12. .
275
12.11 ()
GetRange
List<T>
GetType
Type
IndexOf(T)

,
List<T>
IndexOf(T, Int32)

List<T>,
IndexOf(T, Int32, Int32)

List<T>,

Insert
List<T>

InsertRange

List<T>
LastIndexOf(T)

,
List<T>
LastIndexOf(T, Int32)

List<T>,
LastIndexOf(T, Int32, Int32)

List<T>,

276
II. -
12.11 ()
MemberwiseClone

Object
Remove

List<T>
RemoveAll
RemoveAt
List<T>

RemoveRange

List<T>
Reverse()

List<T>
Reverse(Int32, Int32)
Sort()

List<T>

Sort(IComparer<T>)

List<T>
Sort(Int32, Int32,
IComparer<T>)
List<T>

ToArray
List<T>

ToString
TrimExcess
,
List<T>,

TrueForAll
,
List<T>
12. .
277
12.12.
ICollection.CopyTo

ICollection Array,
Array
ICollection<T>.IsReadOnly
, ,
ICollection<T>

IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator
IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
IList.Add
IList (
)
IList.Contains
,
IList
IList.IndexOf

IList
IList.Insert
IList
IList.IsFixedSize
, ,
IList
IList.IsReadOnly
, , IList
IList.Item
IList.Remove

IList
IList
List<T>. ( ) , .
ICollection, IEnumerable.
. , . 12.13
12.14.
278
II. -
12.13. IList
Count
,
ICollection ( ICollection)
IsFixedSize
, ,
IList
IsReadOnly
, ,
IList
Item
12.14. IList
Add
IList
Clear
IList
Contains
,
IList
CopyTo
ICollection
Array, Array
GetEnumerator
,
( IEnumerable)
IndexOf
IList
Insert
IList
Remove

IList
RemoveAt
IList,
List<T> ArrayList,
. List<T> IList<T>, ,
.
List<T>
.
12. .
279
, Contains(), IndexOf(), LastIndexOf() Remove(),

.
, T, . T IEquatable<T>, Equals(T) ,
Object.Equals(Object). ,
BinarySearch() Sort(), . , T, . T
IComparable<T>,
CompareTo(T) . , T IComparable,
CompareTo(Object) .
T ,
. . , BinarySearch, List<T>.
List<T> . .
List<T> null
.
List<T> ArrayList,
, ,
List<T> .
12.9. . 12.9.
12.9
* User: user
* Date: 18.12.2012
* Time: 9:37
*
using System;
280
II. -
namespace app53_list
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" LIst<T>");
List<string> d = new List<string>();
Console.WriteLine("\n " +
" : {0} ", d.Capacity);
d.Add("");
d.Add("");
d.Add("");
d.Add("");
d.Add("");
foreach(string b in d)
{ Console.WriteLine(b); }
" : {0} ",
d.Capacity);
Console.WriteLine(" : {0} " +
"", d.Count);
Console.WriteLine("\n \"\"?: {0}",
d.Contains(""));
Console.WriteLine("\n \"\" 2-
");
d.Insert(2, "");
":");
12. .
281
Console.WriteLine("\n 3 " +
"( ): {0}", d[3]);
Console.WriteLine("\n \"\"");
d.Remove(""); //
":");
d.TrimExcess(); //
//
" ");
Console.WriteLine(": {0}", d.Capacity);
Console.WriteLine(": {0}", d.Count);
d.Clear(); //
// ,
Console.WriteLine("\n ");
Console.WriteLine(" (): {0}",
d.Capacity);
" : {0}", d.Count);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
List<T> .
. Capacity, Add() . ,
Capacity
Count, ,
: Capacity ,
. Count , -
282
II. -
. Capacity
Count ( ).
(Capacity) 8.
. 12.9. List<T>
12. .
283
Contains() , Insert() , .
Item() ( C#)
, Remove() , ,
. Remove() . TrimExcess()

Capacity Count.
10% , .
Clear()
Capacity Count.
: foreach ,
, .

. , :
. is as. .
: "", ""
. . , . .
. IComparable System CompareTo().
, ,
.
int, : , ,
, , ( ) .
, , ,
, ( )
.
.
284
II. -
IComparable
12.10. . 12.10.
12.10
* User: user
* Date: 16.12.2012
* Time: 14:07
*
using System;
namespace app50_compare
{
public class Dictionary : IComparable<Dictionary>
{ // :
public string Name {get; set;}
public int Age {get; set;}
public Dictionary() {} //
// ( )
// IComparable
public int CompareTo(Dictionary ob)
{ // :
// Dictionary
Dictionary d = ob as Dictionary;
if(d != null)
return this.Age.CompareTo(ob.Age);
else
throw new ArgumentException(" "+
" Dictionary");
}
} // Dictionary
class Program
{
{
"IComparable");
12. .
/* List
( ),
.
, ,

.*/
// - ()
List<Dictionary> d = new List<Dictionary>();
// :
//
d.Add(new Dictionary() { Name = "", Age = 40 });
foreach (var b in d)
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", b.Name,b.Age);
// IComparable.CompareTo():
//
d.Sort();
foreach (var b in d)
Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}",b.Name,b.Age);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 12.10. IComparable
285
286
II. -
class Dictionary. IComparable<T> :

IComparable<Dictionary>.
IComparable - .
CompareTo(). ,
. ,
Dictionary. CompareTo() Dictionary. ,
Dictionary. , . Dictionary, . . Sort()
List<T>, =Dictionary.
. Add() , Sort() . , Sort()
CompareTo(),
, . Sort() CompareTo() , ,
, . CompareTo() , , . . ,
.
,
CompareTo() .
: List<T>
foreach
:
, foreach. foreach,
. , , IEnumerable
List<T>.
,
Object. ,
(
12. .
287
, object
. .) ,
. ,
/ ,
. (
,
; : , . .) , , ( ) .

. . , :
- ? ,
? ,
? C#,
. System.Collection.Generic,
. :
( ,
) , .
.NET Framework
( , )
. , List<T>.
<> " ".
"" .
, , List<T>, :
List<int> MyInt = new List<int>();
"". ,
.
,
K, Key, V
TValue.
, . -
288
II. -
List<T>: 12.10 " " ( ) :

List<Dictionary> d = new List<Dictionary>();
Dictionary.
()
.

(, ). , Array Sort<T>.
12.11, . 12.11.
12.11
* User: user
* Date: 19.12.2012
* Time: 14:34
*
*/
using System;
namespace app54_generic1
{
class Program
{
{
" Sort<T>()");
int [] MyInt = {12,1,4,85,43,8}; // .
// Array
foreach(int i in MyInt)
Console.WriteLine("{0}", i);
12. .
289
Array.Sort<int>(MyInt); //
//
foreach(int i in MyInt)
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 12.11. Sort

12.12. . 12.12.
12.12
/*
*
*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 19.12.2012
Time: 15:43
290
II. -
using System;
namespace app55_generic_T
{
// Point
public class Point<T>
{
// :
private T xPos;
private T yPos;
// :
public Point(T xVal, T yVal)
{
xPos = xVal;
yPos = yVal;
}
//
public T X
{ get { return xPos; }
set { xPos = value; }
}
public T Y
{ get { return yPos; }
set { yPos = value; }
}
public override string ToString()
{ return string.Format (" [{0 }, {1}]", xPos, yPos);
}
// :
public void ResetPoint()
{ // # default .
//
//
// (0 , null )
xPos = default(T);
yPos = default(T);
}
} // Point<T>
12. .
291
class Program
{
{
" ");
Point<int> MyPoint = new Point<int>(100,25);
Point<double> MyPoint2 =
new Point<double>(2.5,3.85);
Console.WriteLine(" int: {0} {1}",
MyPoint.X, MyPoint.Y);
Console.WriteLine(" double: {0} {1}",
MyPoint2.X, MyPoint2.Y);
Console.Read();
} // Main()
}
}
. 12.12.

:
;
-
,
, ,
, , ;
- , -
292
II. -

.NET where
.
:
where T : struct , <T>
System.ValueType, . . ( -);
where T : class , <T>
System.ValueType, . . ;
where T : new , <T>
, . .
. ,
;
where T : __ ,
where T : _ , -
. ,
.
.
. ,
public class A<K,T> where K : NameOfBaseClass, new() where T :
IComparable<T>
. , :
public T Add(T arg1, T arg2)
{return arg1 + arg2}
, , "" ,
: where T : operator +, operator . .
13

C#,
. . , (. .
) . ,
. ? ,
. . , .
:
public delegate
(____);
,
public delegate int MyDelegate(string a, double b);
( ),
int, string a,
double b. , ,
? ,
(, )
.
, ,
-. -, -
294
II. -
,
. , . . ,
,
, . .
. (), .

13.1, . 13.1.
13.1
* User: user
* Date: 20.12.2012
* Time: 14:55
*
using System;
namespace app56_delegate
{
// ,
//
public delegate int Ar(int x, int y) ;
// ,
// ,
// . . :
public class SimpleMath
{
public static int Add(int x, int y)
{ return x + y; }
public static int Subtract (int x, int y)
{ return x y; }
}
class Program
{
13.
295
static void Main()

{ Console.WriteLine (" \n");
// ,
//
Ar b = new Ar(SimpleMath.Add); //
// , . .
// Add()
Console.WriteLine("2+2 {0}", b(2, 2));
Ar = new Ar(SimpleMath.Subtract);
Console.WriteLine("4-2 {0}", (4, 2));
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 13.1.
: , , . .
:
, ;
. .
: , ( ), , - . ,
. ,
- (, "").
296
II. -
, , -
, , .
, , , ,
. ,
( ), ,
, , , , . . - .
?
- ,
- , . . , , , Visual C++,
, ( ),
,
. ,
() . () ,
,
. , ,
( OnClick ) ,
, ,
.
, , :
( - ,
; ,
Button1 Button1_Click)
:
(Object
sender, EventArgs
e)
(
, ):
private: System::Void Form1_Click(System::Object
System::EventArgs e)
{
}
sender,
13.
private: System::Void button1_Click(System::Object
System::EventArgs e)
{
}
297
sender,
: ,
(sender ), , e EventArgs ( ).
object, ,
.
, - ?
(void, . . , ), .
,
. :
. (
) ,
, . ,
, ,
.NET Framework:
EventArgs ( ) , -
EventArgs ( , );
, ()
, ;
,
: public event EventHandler MyEvent.
, :
public delegate void MyEventHandler(object sender, MyEventArgs e);
, , (sender) ,
. (e) ,
. MyEventArgs
EventArgs. EventArgs ,
MouseEventArgs, ListChangedEventArgs . . GUI- (Graphic
User Interface, ) -
298
II. -
.
, , -.
, 13.2, . 13.2
13.2
/*
*
*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 21.12.2012
Time: 12:22
/* A
( , ).
.
A
B. , B
, . . A.
*/
using System;
namespace app57_event
{
//
public delegate void MyHandler1(object sender,
MyEventArgs e);
public delegate void MyHandler2(object sender,
MyEventArgs e);
// ()
class A
{
public const string m_id="Class A"; //
// 1- :
public void OnHandler1(object sender, MyEventArgs e)
13.
{
Console.WriteLine(" 1- " +
" : {0}", e.m_id);
}
// 2- :
public void OnHandler2(object sender,MyEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine(" 2- " +
" : {0}", e.m_id);
}
//
// ( )
public A(B b)
{
// ,
// (
// ):
// .
// :
//
d1(1- , 2- );
MyHandler1 d1=new MyHandler1(OnHandler1);
//
// :
// Event1, Event2
// OnHandler1 OnHandler2.
// :
// Event1( , )
b.Event1 +=d1; //
b.Event2 +=d2;
}
}
//
class B
{
public event MyHandler1 Event1; // 1
// ( 1- )
299
300
II. -
public event MyHandler2 Event2; // 2. 2-
// . 2-
public void FireEvent1(MyEventArgs e) //
//
{
if(Event1 != null)
{
Event1(this, e); // Event1
//
}
}
public void FireEvent2(MyEventArgs e)
{
if(Event2 != null)
{ Event2(this,e); }
}
}
// ,
//
public class MyEventArgs : EventArgs
{ public string m_id; }
{
{
B b= new B();
A a= new A(b);
MyEventArgs e1=new MyEventArgs(); // ,
// 1-
MyEventArgs e2=new MyEventArgs(); // ,
// 2-
e1.m_id =" 1";
e2.m_id =" 2";
//
// :
b.FireEvent1(e1); // 1-
b.FireEvent2(e2); // 2-
13.
301
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 13.2.
, , (
, )
public event MyHandler1 Event1;
MyHandler1 , Event1. event

. IL Dasm
(Tools | IL Dasm), ,
: Add_.() Remove_.().
, . ,
, , , . . . .

public void FireEvent1(MyEventArgs e)
( )
if(Event1 != null), :
? , .
+= -=.
Add_.Event1()
Remove_.Event1(). .
,
.
, ,
. . . d1 ,
302
II. -
d2 .
+= .
, .
:
,
, . , ,
, -=. ,
b.Event2 -=d2;

, . ,
, . . . 13.3,
. 13.3.
13.3
* User: user
* Date: 22.12.2012
* Time: 15:44
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app59_anonim1
{
static class A
{
//
public delegate void Anonim2(int start, int finish);
public static int Speed = 150;
13.
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
,

10 .
: ,
, ,

,
}
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" \n " +
" ");
A.Anonim2 anonim2 = delegate(int a, int b)
{
for (int i = a; i <= b; i++)
Console.Write(" {0} " +
":{1}\n", i, A.Speed (b-i));
};
anonim2(1, 10);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 13.3.
303
304
II. -
delegate , ,
, ,
. ,
. , .
13.4, . 13.4.
13.4
* User: user
* Date: 22.12.2012
* Time: 18:52
*
using System;
{
class Program
{
delegate void DelegateType();
static DelegateType GetMethod()
{ return delegate()
{ System.Console.WriteLine("Hello"); };
}
static void Main()
{ DelegateType delegateInstance = GetMethod();
delegateInstance();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 13.4.
13.
305
delegate ,
, .
.
, +=,
( ,
). 13.5, . 13.5.
13.5
* User: user
* Date: 22.12.2012
* Time: 19:51
*
using System;
{
class Program
{
delegate void DelegateType();
static void Main()
{
DelegateType delegateInstance = delegate()
{ Console.WriteLine("Hello"); };
delegateInstance += delegate() //
//
{ Console.WriteLine("Bonjour"); };
delegateInstance();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
306
II. -
. 13.5.
-
.
13.6, . 13.6.
13.6
* User: user
* Date: 23.12.2012
* Time: 12:16
*
using System;
namespace app63_lambda1
{
class Program
{
public delegate int Ar(int x);
public static int Add(int x)
{ return -x; }
static void Main()
{
" -\n");
// ,
//
Ar b = new Ar(Add);
13.
307
// Ar d = x => -x; // -
// ,
Func<int,int> d = x => -x; // -
// Add()
// -
": {0}", b(2));
"L-: {0}", d(2));
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 13.6. -
. 13.6 , , : ,

Func<int,int> d = x => -x;
- x => -x;. " x

x".
. ,
. delegate
Func<T,T> ( ).
Func<> , System,
, . d,
, int int. ,
-
. - d,
308
II. -
, x int, int. - :
Ar d = x => -x;
13.6 - (). . , - :
(_) =>
- ,
( ),
. . ,
(x, y) => x == y

. ,
:
(int x, string s) => s.Length > x
(. . )
:
() => SomeMethod()
-
( ) . :
(_) => {()};
-
; . - 13.7,
. 13.7.
13.7
* User: user
* Date: 23.12.2012
13.
* Time: 14:08
*
using System;
namespace app64_lambda2
{
class Program
{
delegate int del(int i);
delegate void Test(string s);
delegate int Test2(int x, int y);
{
Console.WriteLine("- " +
"-");
// -
del myDelegate = x => x * x;
int j = myDelegate(5); //j = 25
Console.WriteLine("-: {0}",j);
//
// -
Test myDel = n =>
{
string s = n + " " + "World";
// return n;
// return ,
// void
};
Console.WriteLine("-: ");
myDel("Hello,");
// -
//
" -");
Test2 myT = (x, y) =>
309
310
II. -
{
int z=x+y;
Console.Write("x+y=");
return z;
};
Console.WriteLine("{0}", myT(2,2));
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 13.7. - -
14
LINQ
,
( ). :
, ,
, XML.
,
.
, . , SQL XQuery
XML. ,
, . LINQ ,

. LINQ
.
XML-, SQL, ADO.NET, .NET , LINQ,
.
LINQ (Language Integrated Query, )
Microsoft , SQL, .NET Framework.
, , SQL. LINQ
C#. LINQ ,
. , LINQ, :
LINQ to Objects LINQ
312
II. -
LINQ to XML LINQ
XML;
LINQ to DataSet LINQ
DataSet ADO.NET;
LINQ to Entities LINQ API-
ADO.NET Entitie Framework;

Parallel LINQ -
, LINQ.
LINQ to Objects
System.Linq.

LINQ :
;
;
.

.
. , . 14.1,
. 14.1.
14.1
* User: user
* Date: 24.12.2012
* Time: 14:12
*
using System;
using System.Linq; //
// LINQ to Objects
namespace app65_linq
{
class Program
14. LINQ
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" LINQ");
// LINQ-:
// 1. .
int[] n = new int[7] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
foreach (int num in n)
{ Console.WriteLine("{0} ", num); }
// 2. .
// Query IEnumerable<int>
var Query =
from num in n
where (num % 2) == 0 //
select num;
// 3.
Console.WriteLine("( " +
"):");
foreach (int num in Query)
{ Console.Write("{0} ", num); }
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 14.1. LINQ
313
314
II. -
,
IEnumerable<T>.
, LINQ. foreach, foreach
IEnumerable IEnumerable<T>.
from, in, where, select. . LINQ:
from, in .
n num;
where ,
.
: " num ( , ) 2 ";
select -
. "";
join, on, equals, into -
, ;
orderby, ascending, descending -
;
group, by (),
.
( , , , ,
, ,
) ,
System.Linq.Enumerable. Revers<>(), ToList<>(),
ToArray<>() .

, from, in, where, select. where
. :
var () = from in select
_
;
var; , ; -
14. LINQ
315
, ; _
" " num (

, , ) , , select. , - " ",
, 14.2.
14.2
* User: user
* Date: 24.12.2012
* Time: 16:40
*
using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace app66_linq
{
class Program
{
public class dict
{
public int a
{get; set;}
public int b
{get; set;}
public dict(int A, int B)
{ a=A; b=B; }
static void Main()
{ Console.WriteLine(" LINQ");
// LINQ-:
// 1. .
dict [] n = new dict[4];
316
II. -
// ,
//
//
n[0] = new dict(1,1);
n[1] = new dict(2,2);
n[2] = new dict(3,3);
n[3] = new dict(4,4);;
"( a,b):");
foreach (dict num in n)
{ Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} ", num.a, num.b); }
// 2. .
var Query =
from num in n
where (num.a % 2) == 0 //
// a
select num.a;
// 3.
Console.WriteLine("( a- "+
"):");
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", num.ToString());
}
": {0}", Query.Count());
Console.Read();
}
}
}
}
14.1.
dict . , num
- , num.a, select, , .
14. LINQ
317
. 14.2. LINQ
. 14.2.
14.2, , LINQ.
,
. 14.3, . 14.3.
14.3
* User: user
* Date: 24.12.2012
* Time: 16:40
*
namespace app67_linq_sort
{
using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
public class dict
{
public int a
{get; set;}
318
II. -
public
int b
{get; set;}
{ a=A; b=B; }
static void Main()
{ Console.WriteLine(" LINQ. " +
"");
// LINQ-:
// 1. .
// ,
//
//
n[0] = new dict(11,5);
n[1] = new dict(2,8);
n[2] = new dict(3,4);
n[3] = new dict(14,4);;
"( a,b):");
// 2. .
var Query =
from num in n
where (num.a % 2) == 0
// a-
orderby num.b
select num.b;
//
// 3.
Console.WriteLine(" ( " +
" b- ):");
{ Console.WriteLine("{0} ", num.ToString()); }
Console.Read();
}
}
}
}
14. LINQ
319
. 14.3. LINQ
LINQ
, , . .
.
, 14.4. . 14.4.
14.4
* User: user
* Date: 24.12.2012
* Time: 16:40
*
namespace app68_linq_sort
{
using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
public class dict
{
public int a
{get; set;}
320
II. -
public
int b
{get; set;}
{ a=A; b=B; }
static void Main()
{ Console.WriteLine(" LINQ. " +
"");
// LINQ-:
// 1. .
// ,
//
//
n[0] = new dict(11,5);
n[1] = new dict(2,8);
n[2] = new dict(3,4);
n[3] = new dict(14,4);;
"( a,b):");
// 2. .
var Query =
from num in n
orderby num.b
select num;
// 3.
Console.WriteLine(" ( " +
" b- ):");
foreach (dict num in Query)
Console.Read();
}
}
}
}
14. LINQ
321
. 14.4.
ascending ( ), . . , .
, orderby <,
> descending ( ).
LINQ
,
14.5, . 14.5.
14.5
/*
*
*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 25.12.2012
Time: 13:20
using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace app69_linq_except
{
class Program
322
II. -
{
//
// LINQ
//
static void DisplayDiff()
{
List<string> myCars = new List<String> {"Yugo",
"Aztec", "BMW"};
List<string> yourCars = new List<String> {"BMW",
"Saab", "Aztec"};
foreach (string s in myCars)
Console.Write("{0}\t",s);
foreach (string s in yourCars)
Console.Write("{0}\t",s);
// ,
//
var carDiff = (from c in myCars select c)
.Except(from c2 in yourCars select c2);
" ");
foreach (string s in carDiff)
Console.WriteLine(s); //
// , Yugo
}
//
static void Displaylntersection()
{
List<string> myCars = new List<String> { "Yugo",
"Aztec", "BMW" };
List<string> yourCars = new List<String> { "BMW",
"Saab", "Aztec" };
//
var carlntersect = (from c2 in myCars select c2)
.Intersect(from c2 in yourCars select c2);
14. LINQ
":");
foreach (string s in carlntersect)
Console.WriteLine(s); // Aztec BMW
}
// (
// )
static void DisplayUnion ()
{
"Aztec", "BMW" };
"Saab", "Aztec" };
//
var carUnion = (from c3 in myCars select c3)
.Union(from c3 in yourCars select c3);
"( ):");
foreach (string s in carUnion)
Console.WriteLine (s); //
}
// ()
static void DisplayConcat ()
{
"Aztec", "BMW" };
"Saab", "Aztec" };
//
var carConcat = (from c4 in myCars select c4)
.Concat(from c4 in yourCars select c4);
Console.WriteLine ("\n " +
"( ):");
foreach (string s in carConcat)
Console.WriteLine (s);
}
//
static void DisplayConcatNoDups ()
323
324
II. -
{
"Aztec", "BMW" };
"Saab", "Aztec" };
var carConcat = (from 5 in myCars select 5)
.Concat(from c5 in yourCars select c5);
// Yugo Aztec BMW Saab.
Console.WriteLine ("\n " +
" :");
foreach (string s in carConcat.Distinct ())
Console.WriteLine (s);
}
//
static void AggregateOps ()
{
double[] winterTemps = {5.0, -17.3, 8, -4,
0, -10.6};
Console.WriteLine("\n :");
foreach(double t in winterTemps)
Console.Write("{0}\t",t);
//
//
//
Console.WriteLine("\n : {0}",
(from t in winterTemps select t).Max());
Console.WriteLine(" : {0}",
(from t in winterTemps select t).Min());
(from t in winterTemps select t).Average ());
(from t in winterTemps select t).Sum());
}
static void Main()
{
" ");
DisplayDiff();
14. LINQ
Displaylntersection();
DisplayUnion();
DisplayConcat();
DisplayConcatNoDups();
AggregateOps();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 14.5. LINQ-
325
326
II. -
var

, ,
. var : , ,
.
15

Windows
. ,
( ) . exe-
. , . ,
,

.

, PID (Process Identifier), . ,
(<Ctrl>+<Shift>+<Esc>).
,
Main().
.
Main() .
, ( ),
, . . .
, . . -
328
II. -
, - - . , . ,
,
. ,
- , . , , . ( CreateThread()) ,
.
.
, -. -, , . .
- . - () , , ,
, . . .
? , : , , .
.

DLL EXE, . .

.NET? , .
System.Diagnostics, ,
. System.Diagnostics.
Process -
,
.
ProcessModule dll exe,
.
ProcessModuleCollection -
ProcessModule.
ProcessStartInfo ,
Process.Start().
15. Windows
329
ProcessThread
.
ProcessThreadCollection -
ProcessThread.
System.Diagnostics.Process:
ExitTime ,
, ;
Id PID
;
MachineName ,
;
MainWindowTitle
;
Moduls -
, ;
ProcessName , -
;
Responding , -
, , . . ;
StartTime ,
;
Threads , -
;
CloseMainWindow() , -
, ;
GetCurrentProcess() Process,
;
GetProcesses() Process,
;
Kill() -
;
Start() .
330
II. -

, ,
, 15.1,
. 15.1.
15.1
* User: user
* Date: 26.12.2012
* Time: 13:29
*
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
namespace app70_Windows_Processes
{ /* ,
, PID*/
class Program
{
public static void ListAllRunningProcesses()
{
var runmngProcs =
from proc in Process.GetProcesses (".") orderby proc.Id
select proc;
foreach (var p in runmngProcs)
{
string info =
string.Format("-> PID: {0}\tName: {1}",
p.Id, p.ProcessName);
Console.WriteLine (info);
}
Console.WriteLine("************************************");
}
15. Windows
331

{
Console.WriteLine(", " +
" ");
ListAllRunningProcesses();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 15.1.
GetProcesses() public static Process[]

GetProcesses().
Process. Process, , Id ,
ProcessName Id. GetProcesses()
. , ,
. Format
string .
332
II. -
WriteLin(). :
info , WriteLin(). GetProcesses()
, ,
Linq, System.Linq.

,
, GetCurrentProcess(). , , 15.2,
. 15.2.
15.2
* User: user
* Date: 26.12.2012
* Time: 14:27
*
using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace app71_GetProcId
{
class Program
{
static void EnumThreadsForPid (int pID)
{
Process theProc = null;
try
{
theProc = Process.GetProcessById(pID);
theProc.MachineName);
15. Windows
333
if(theProc.MachineName == ".")
Console.WriteLine(" : ");
}
catch(ArgumentException ex)
{ Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); }
}
{
" ");
EnumThreadsForPid (1572);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 15.2.
GetProcessById() Process. .
. ,
, 15.1, ,
. theProc null,
try{} , theProc. - , ArgumentException.

, .
Process Threads,
. ProcessThreadCollection,
334
II. -
. . Threads Process ProcessThreadCollection.

ProcessThreadCollection . 15.115.4.
15.1. ProcessThreadCollection
ProcessThreadCollection
. ProcessThreadCollection
Add()
Contains()
CopyTo()

ProcessThread
GetEnumerator()
,

ReadOnlyCollectionBase (
ReadOnlyCollectionBase)
IndexOf()
Insert()
Remove()
ToString()
String,
Object ( Object)
Count
, ReadOnlyCollectionBase
InnerList
, ReadOnlyCollectionBase
Item
15. Windows
335
15.4.
ICollection.CopyTo
ReadOnlyCollectionBase
Array,

,
, , . Threads
() theProc Process.
15.3, . 15.3.
15.3
* User: user
* Date: 26.12.2012
* Time: 14:27
*
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
class Program
{
public static Process theProc;
{
theProc = null; // Process
try
{
336
II. -
}
}
{
" ");
EnumThreadsForPid (1572);
": {0}",
theProc.ProcessName);
ProcessThreadCollection theThreads =
theProc.Threads;
// Threads ProcessThreadCollection,
// ProcessThread
foreach(ProcessThread pt in theThreads)
{
string info =
string.Format("-> Thread ID: {0}\tStart Time {1}\tPriority
{2}",
pt.Id, pt.StartTime.ToShortTimeString(),
pt.PriorityLevel);
Console.WriteLine(info);
}
Console.WriteLine ("************* ^ " +
"********************** \n");
Console.Read();
} // Main()
} // Program
} // NameSpace
: , System.Diagnostics. ,
pt foreach. .

.
15. Windows
337
. 15.3. 1572 chrome
int.
15.4. . 15.4.
15.4
* User: user
* Date: 26.12.2012
* Time: 14:27
*
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
class Program
{
{
try
338
II. -
{
}
}
{
while(true)
{ //
" (<->) > ");
Console.Write("PID: ");
string pID = Console.ReadLine();
if(pID=="")
pID = Console.ReadLine();
if(pID=="-")
break;
int theProcID = int.Parse(pID);
" ");
EnumThreadsForPid(theProcID);
": {0}",
theProc.ProcessName);
ProcessThreadCollection theThreads =
theProc.Threads;
foreach(ProcessThread pt in theThreads)
{
string info =
string.Format("-> Thread ID: {0}\tStart Time
{1}\tPriority {2}",
pt.Id, pt.StartTime.ToShortTimeString(),
pt.PriorityLevel);
}
Console.WriteLine("************* ^ "+
"********************** \n");
15. Windows
Console.Read();
} // while
Console.Read();
} // Main()
} // Program
} // NameSpace
. 15.4.
339
340
II. -
, Threads ProcessThreadCollection, ProcessThread. ProcessThread Id, StartTime, PriorityLevel, ,

. , :
CurrentPriority ;
ProcessorAffinity , -
;
StartAdress ,
, ;
ThreadState ;
TotalProcessorTime ,
;
WaitReason , -

, System.Diagnostics
ProcessModuleCollection, ProcessModule. ,
.
15.5, . 15.5.
15.5
* User: user
* Date: 27.12.2012
* Time: 11:05
*
using System;
using System.Linq;
15. Windows
namespace app72_proc_modul
{
class Program
{
public int pID;
//
static void EnumModsForPid (int pID)
{
Process theProc = null;
try
{ theProc = Process.GetProcessById(pID); }
{ Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return;
}
": {0}", theProc.ProcessName);
try
{
ProcessModuleCollection theMods = theProc.Modules;
// Modules ProcessModuleCollection,
// ProcessModule
foreach(ProcessModule pm in theMods)
{
string info = string.Format("-> : " +
"{0}", pm.ModuleName);
}
}
{ Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return;
}
} //
//
{
try
341
342
II. -
{
}
}
{
while(true)
{ //
Console.WriteLine (" " +
" (<->) > ");
Console.Write("PID: ");
string pID = Console.ReadLine();
if(pID=="")
pID = Console.ReadLine();
if(pID=="-")
break;
int theProcID = int.Parse(pID);
EnumThreadsForPid (theProcID);
EnumModsForPid (theProcID);
Console.WriteLine ("************* ^ " +

"********************** \n");
Console.Read();
} // while
Console.Read();
} // Main()
} // Program
} // NameSpace
, .
15. Windows
343
. 15.5. , Skype

, Process Kill()
Start(), .
, , 15.6, . 15.6.
15.6
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 27.12.2012
Time: 14:07
344
II. -

using System;
using System.Threading;
namespace app74_start_kill2
{
class Program
{
{
// .
Process process = Process.Start("notepad.exe");
" <Enter>");
Console.Read();
process.Kill();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
<Enter>.
Start() System.Diagnostics.
ProcessStartlnfo, . :
public sealed class ProcessStartlnfo : object
{
public ProcessStartlnfo();
public ProcessStartlnfo(string fileName);
public ProcessStartlnfo(string fileName,
string arguments);
public string Arguments { get; set; }
public bool CreateNoWindow { get; set; }
15. Windows
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
345
StringDictionary EnvironmentVariables { get; }

bool ErrorDialog { get; set; }
IntPtr ErrorDialogParentHandle { get; set; }
string FileName { get; set; }
bool LoadUserProfile { get; set; }
SecureString Password { get; set; }
bool RedirectStandardError { get; set; }
bool RedirectStandardlnput { get; set; }
bool RedirectStandardOutput { get; set; }
Encoding StandardErrorEncoding { get; set; }
Encoding StandardOutputEncoding { get; set; }
bool UseShellExecute { get; set; }
string Verb { get; set; }
string [] Verbs { get; }
ProcessWindowStyle WindowStyle { get; set; }
string WorkingDirectory { get; set; }
. 15.6. ( )
MSDN
C#. FileName, , -
346
II. -
- , , StartInfo.
UseShellExecute Process true. false, ,
. 15.7, . 15.7.
JPG.
15.7
* User: user
* Date: 27.12.2012
* Time: 15:26
*
using System;
namespace app75_start_info
{
class Program
{
{
" ");
Process myProcess = new Process();
try
{
myProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true;
// ,
//
myProcess.StartInfo.FileName =
"F:\\\\9 2012 ..jpg";
myProcess.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
myProcess.Start();
}
catch (Exception e)
{ Console.WriteLine(e.Message); }
15. Windows
347
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 15.7. Start() JPG
, ? . exe-. ?
, , , , 100 ,
, . 100 , . ,
, exe-, . , ( )
, .
348
II. -
16
-
-, , . .
-. Console, Read(),
ReadLine(), Write(), WriteLine() .
-:
( , ), ( , ).
:
.
, .
System.IO (System Input/Output).
, -. , System.IO:
BinaryReader, BinaryWriter -
(, , )
;
BufferedStream -
,
- ;
Directory, DirectoryInfo
.
(. .
),
350
II. -
(. . );
DriveInfo
File, FileInfo , Directory, DirectoryInfo,
, ;
FileStream ,
();
FileSystemWatcher -
MemoryStream -
, ;
Path ,
StreamWriter, StreamReader - -
.
();
Stream ,
TextReader , -

StreamReader
StringReader;
TextWriter
,
StreamWriter
StringWriter.
,
- .
DirectoryInfo
:
Create(), CreateSubdirectory() ,
Delete() ;
16. -
351
GetDirectories() DirectoryInfo,
;
GetFiles() FileInfo, -
;
MoveTo() -
;
Parent ;
Root .
,
,
, ,
, .
, \
(\\), ( , ,
, ,
, ). , ( )
(
\n, \t).
, . . C# @, .
, #
, "" , @. , @for
C#-. ,
- for, @
. ( )
@- . , @ ( ),
.
( ) @, , .

.
352
II. -
, .
DirectoryInfo
16.1, . 16.1.
16.1
* User: user
* Date: 28.12.2012
* Time: 12:43
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app76_directory_info
{
class Program
{
static void ShowWindowsDirectorylnfo(string path)
{
// .
// DirectoryInfo
DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(path);
// @"C:\Windows"
Console.WriteLine("***** Directory Info *****");
// :
Console.WriteLine("FullName: {0}", dir.FullName);
// :
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", dir.Name);
// :
Console.WriteLine("Parent: {0}", dir.Parent);
// :
Console.WriteLine("Creation: {0}",
dir.CreationTime);
// :
Console.WriteLine("Attributes: {0}",
dir.Attributes);
16. -
353
// :
Console.WriteLine("Root: {0}", dir.Root);
Console.WriteLine("************************** \n" );
}
{
ShowWindowsDirectorylnfo(@"C:\Windows");
DirectoryInfo dir2 = new DirectoryInfo(@"D:\");
//
// , . .
//
dir2.CreateSubdirectory(@"MyNewDir\");
ShowWindowsDirectorylnfo(@"d:\MyNewDir\");
// MoveTo().
// d:\MyNewDir :
// .
// MoveTo() :
// ,
// . .
// ()
DirectoryInfo dir3 =
new DirectoryInfo(@"d:\MyNewDir\");
dir3.MoveTo(@"d:\MyNewDir2\");
// D:\
foreach(DirectoryInfo d in dir2.GetDirectories())
Console.WriteLine("{0} \n",d);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
, ShowWindowsDirectorylnfo() . MyNewDir , C:\Windows, ,
354
II. -
.
MoveTo(), ,
. ( ) .
:
. , MoveTo(), D:. ( . 16.1
MyNewDir2. MyNewDir . .)
. 16.1. DirectoryInfo
Directory
.
. ,
16. -
355
,
, DirectoryInfo. 16.2,
. 16.2.
16.2
* User: user
* Date: 29.12.2012
* Time: 12:06
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app77_directory
{
class Program
{
static void DirectoryType ()
{
//
string [] drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives();
":");
foreach (string s in drives)
Console.WriteLine(" {0} ", s) ;
//
Console.ReadLine();
try
{
Directory.Delete(@"D:\MyNewDir");
Directory.Delete(@"D:\MyNewDir2",true);
// ,
//
}
catch (IOException e)
{ Console.WriteLine(e.Message); }
}
356
II. -
{
Console.WriteLine(" Directory");
DirectoryType ();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 16.2.
DriveInfo

. , , , . 16.3, . 16.3.
16.3
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 29.12.2012
Time: 12:56
16. -
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app78_driveinfo
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" DriveInfo");
//
DriveInfo[] myDrives = DriveInfo.GetDrives();
//
foreach(DriveInfo d in myDrives)
{
Console.WriteLine(": {0}", d.Name);
Console.WriteLine(": {0}", d.DriveType);
// ,
if (d.IsReady)
{
//
d.TotalFreeSpace);
//
Console.WriteLine(": {0}", d.DriveFormat);
//
d.VolumeLabel);
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
}
357
358
II. -
. 16.3.
FileInfo
,
. , ,
.
.
AppendText() StreamWriter (. )
.
CopyTo() .
16. -
359
Create() FileStream (.
) .
CreateText() StreamWriter,
.
Delete() .
Directory , .
DirectoryName , -
.
Length .
MoveTo() ,
.
Name .
Open()
-.
OpenRead()
FileStream.
OpenText() StreamReader -
.
OpenWrite()
FileStream.
FileStream (http://
msdn.microsoft.com/ru-ru/library/system.io.filestream.aspx).
, ,
, , , . , .
Create() FileInfo.
FileStream,
Close(), , . .
, . , , , . ,
,
.
Open() FileInfo. : public enum FileMode,
360
II. -
"".
:
public enum FileMode
{ CreateNew, Create, Open, OpenOrCreate, Truncate, Append }
Open().
:
CreateNew . , -
IOException;
Create . ,
;
Open .
, FileNotFoundException;
OpenOrCreate , .
, ;
Truncate ;
Append , , .
. FileMode.Append
FileAccess.Write. (
, ,
:
. . Append : " ", . .
-.)
Open() , , . :
public enum FileAccess
{
Read,
Write,
ReadWrite
}
,
, , .
16. -
361
Open() ,
. :
public enum FileShare
{
None,
Read,
Write
ReadWrite,
Delete,
Inheritable
}
:
None . -
( ) , ;
Read .
,
( )
, ;
Write .
,
( )
, ;
ReadWrite
. , ( )
, ;
Delete ;
Inheritable -
. Win32 ( , ,
).
, , AppendText(). 16.4, . 16.4.
362
II. -
16.4
* User: user
* Date: 29.12.2012
* Time: 13:52
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app79_fileinfo
{
class Program
{
{
FileInfo f = new FileInfo(@"D:\Test.txt");
StreamWriter sw = f.AppendText(); //
// StreamWriter
sw.WriteLine(" 1");
sw.WriteLine(" 2");
sw.WriteLine(" 3");
sw.Close();
//
string s;
StreamReader sr = f.OpenText();
s = sr.ReadLine();
s = sr.ReadLine();
s = sr.ReadLine();
sr.Close();
}
}
}
16. -
363
. 16.4. AppendText()
AppendText() , ,
Create(). FileInfo

AppendText(),
sw StreamWriter,
WriteLine(), .
, , .
.
, .
OpenText(), sr
StreamReader. ReadLine(),
:
, ( )
.
ReadLine() s . . . " ": " ". StreamReader
Close(). . , , , . , .
.
File
FileInfo:
AppendText(), Create(),
CreateText(), Open(), OpenRead(), OpenWrite(), OpenText(). , - . :
ReadAllBytes() ,
364
II. -
ReadAllLines() ,
;
ReadAllText() ,
, string ;
WriteAllBytes() ,
;
WriteAllLines() , -
. public
static
void
WriteAllLines(string
path,IEnumerable<string>
contents),
contents
Type:
System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<String> ();
WriteAllText() ,
. public static void

WriteAllText(string path, string contents), contents
.
WriteAllLines() ReadAllText() , 16.5, . 16.5.
16.5
* User: user
* Date: 30.12.2012
* Time: 13:29
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app80_file
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" File");
string [] MyArr = {"1","2","3"}; //
//
16. -
365
// :
File.WriteAllLines(@"D:\Test.txt",MyArr);
// :
string s = File.ReadAllText(@"D:\Test.txt");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 16.5. WriteAllLines() ReadAllText():

, ; s,
ReadAllText(); ,
. 16.5, ReadAllText(),
: , ,
. (\r)
(\n).
366
II. -
Stream
, .
.
. :
( , , , ; ""
), , . . .
. Stream
.
. :
.
. :
, , ( )
. Stream
, ( ). Stream:
CanRead , ;
CanWrite , ;
CanSeek , ;
Close()
Flush() -
( , ) .
, Flush() ;
Length ;
Position ( -
);
Read() -
ReadByte() , Read(), ;
16. -
367
Seek() (
);
SetLength() ;
Write() -
;
WriteByte() , Write(), .
FileStream
Stream.
.
, , : . . ,
System.Text
Encoding,
. FileStream.Write(),
, Position
ReadByte().
16.6, . 16.6.
16.6
* User: user
* Date: 30.12.2012
* Time: 15:33
*
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace app81_filestream
{
class Program
368
II. -
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" FileStream");
//
FileStream f= File.Open(@"D:\myTest22.txt",
FileMode.Create);
//
string msg = " FileStream";
byte[] Arr = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(msg);
// Default
// ANSI
//
f.Write(Arr, 0, Arr.Length); /* 0
,
*/
//
f.Position = 0;
//
Console.Write(" " +
"( ):\n");
byte[] b = new byte[Arr.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < Arr.Length; i++)
{
b[i] = (byte)f.ReadByte();
// ReadByte() ,
// Int32,
// byte
Console.Write(b[i]);
}
//
Console.Write("\n " +
"(, ):\n");
Console.WriteLine(Encoding.Default.GetString(b));
Console.Read();
} // Main()
}
}
16. -
369
. 16.6. FileStream
StreamWriter, StreamReader
( ,
, ).
Unicode,
System.Text.Encoding. StreamReader
TextReader, StreamWriter TextWriter.
StreamWriter.
:
StreamWriter(Stream)
StreamWriter , UTF-8
;
StreamWriter(String)
StreamWriter ;
StreamWriter(Stream, Encoding) -
StreamWriter ,
;
StreamWriter(String, Boolean)
StreamWriter
. ,
, .
, ;
StreamWriter(Stream, Encoding, Int32)
StreamWriter , ;
StreamWriter(String, Boolean, Encoding)
StreamWriter
370
II. -
.
, ,
. , ;
StreamWriter(Stream, Encoding, Int32, Boolean) -
StreamWriter , , ;
StreamWriter(String, Boolean, Encoding, Int32) -
StreamWriter
, .
, ,
. , .
:
AutoFlush , ,
StreamWriter StreamWriter.Write;
BaseStream ,
;
Encoding Encoding,
( TextWriter.Encoding);
NewLine ,
TextWriter.
:
Close() StreamWriter ;
Dispose() , ;
TextWriterDispose(Boolean) (
) ,
StreamWriter;
Flush() -
;
FlushAsync
;
ToString() ,
16. -
371
Write(Boolean) -
Boolean;
Write(Char) ;
Write(Char[]) ;
Write(Decimal)
;
Write(Double) -
8 ;
Write(Int32)
4 ;
Write(Int64)
8 ;
Write(Object) -
ToString()
;
Write(Single) -
4 ;
Write(String) ;
Write(UInt32) -
4 ;
Write(UInt64) -
8 ;
Write(String, Object)
, ,
String.Format(String, Object);
Write(String, Object[])
, ,
String.Format(String, Object[]);
Write(Char[], Int32, Int32) -
;
Write(String, Object, Object)
, ,
String.Format(String, Object, Object);
Write(String, Object, Object, Object) -
, , String.Format(String, Object, Object, Object);
372
II. -
WriteAsync(Char) ;
WriteAsync(Char[]) -
;
WriteAsync(String) ;
WriteAsync(Char[], Int32, Int32) -
;
WriteLine()
;
WriteLine(Boolean)
Boolean, ;
WriteLine(Char) -
, ;
WriteLine(Char[]) -
, ;
WriteLine(Decimal)
,
;
WriteLine(Double) -

8 , ;
WriteLine(Int32) -
4 ,
;
WriteLine(Int64) -
8 ,
;
WriteLine(Object) -
ToString()
, ;
WriteLine(Single) -

4 , ;
WriteLine(String)
, ;
16. -
373
WriteLine(UInt32) -
4 ,
;
WriteLine(UInt64) -
8 , ;
WriteLine(String, Object)
, , String.Format(String, Object);
WriteLine(String,
Object[])
, , Format;
WriteLine(Char[], Int32, Int32)
,
;
WriteLine(String, Object, Object) -
, , String.Format(String, Object,
Object);
WriteLine(String, Object, Object, Object) -
, ,
Format;
WriteLineAsync()
;
WriteLineAsync(Char) ,
;
WriteLineAsync(Char[])
,
;
WriteLineAsync(String) ,
;
WriteLineAsync(Char[], Int32, Int32)
,
.
:
CoreNewLine ,
TextWriter;
Null.
374
II. -
, , 09
, 16.7,
. 16.7.
16.7
* User: user
* Date: 31.12.2012
* Time: 18:24
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app82_streamwriter
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" StreamWriter");
// CreateText StreamWriter:
StreamWriter w = File.CreateText (@"D:\Test.txt");
w.WriteLine(" ");
w.WriteLine(" " +
" ");
w.WriteLine(" 10 ");
//
w.Write (w.NewLine); // NewLine \r\n
//
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
w.Write (i + " ");
w.Close();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
16. -
375
. 16.7. 16.7
StreamReader.
:
StreamReader(Stream)
StreamReader ;
StreamReader(String)
StreamReader ;
StreamReader(Stream, Boolean)
StreamReader
;
StreamReader(Stream, Encoding) -
StreamReader ;
StreamReader(String, Boolean)
StreamReader ;
StreamReader(String, Encoding) -
StreamReader ;
StreamReader(Stream, Encoding, Boolean)
StreamReader ;
StreamReader(String, Encoding, Boolean)
StreamReader
;
StreamReader(Stream, Encoding, Boolean, Int32) -
StreamReader -
376
II. -
, ;
StreamReader(String Encoding, Boolean Int32)
StreamReader
,
.
:
BaseStream ;
CurrentEncoding , -
StreamReader;
EndOfStream , ,
.
:
Close() StreamReader -
, ;
DiscardBufferedData() ;
Dispose() ,
TextReader;
Dispose(Boolean) , -
, StreamReader, , , ;
Peek() , -
;
Read() -
;
Read(Char[], Int32, Int32)
, ;
ReadBlock() -
count buffer,
index;
ReadLine() -
;
ReadToEnd() ;
ToString() , .
16. -
377
: Null StreamReader .
, StreamReader, 16.8, . 16.8. ,
, ().
, 16.7.
, . ,
, , . , . 16.7, WordPad.
16.8
* User: user
* Date: 01.01.2013
* Time: 17:31
*
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app83_streamreader
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" SteamReader");
//
Console.WriteLine(" :\n");
StreamReader sr = File.OpenText(@"D:\Test.txt");
string input = null;
while ((input = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
{ Console.WriteLine(input); }
Console.Read();
}
}
}
378
II. -
. 16.8. ,
16.7
StreamWriter
StreamReader FileInfo, File ( StreamWriter
StreamReader). StreamWriter
StreamReader , . 16.9, . 16.9.

StreamWriter StreamReader. , ,
.
,
.
StringWriter StringReader
TextWriter TextReader
-
.
StringWriter .
StringBuilder,
.
,
, , . , ,
. . StringBuilder , . -
16. -
379
.
Capacity EnsureCapacity(),
Length.

, .
,
"" , .
, ,
: ,
.
StringBuilder .
:
StringBuilder() ;
StringBuilder(Int32)
;
StringBuilder(String) ,
( - );
StringBuilder(Int32, Int32)
, , , , ;
StringBuilder(String, Int32)
, ;
StringBuilder(String, Int32, Int32, Int32)
,
.
. .
:
Capacity ;
Chars , -
380
II. -
Length
.
:
Append(Boolean)
;
Append(Byte) ,
;
Append(Char) -
Unicode;
Append(Double)
double;
Append(Int16) -
int16;
Append(Int32)
int32;
Append(Int64) -
int64;
Append(Object) -
;
Append(SByte) -
, ;
Append(Single) -
;
Append(String) -
( );
Append(UInt16) -
UInt16;
Append(UInt32) -
UInt32;
Append(UInt64) -
UInt64;
Append(Char, Int32) -
Unicode;
Append(String, Int32, Int32) -
, ;
16. -
381
AppendLine()
, ;
AppendLine(String)
, ;
Clear() ;
EnsureCapacity(Int32) , ,
, ;
Insert(Int32, String)
, ;
Insert(Int32, String, Int32)
, , , ;
Remove(Int32, Length)
, , , from this instance;

Replace(Char, Char) -
, ,
, , ;
Replace(String, String)
, ,
, , ;
Replace(Char, Char, Int32, Int32)
,
, ,
, , ;
Replace(String, String, Int32, Int32) -
,
, , , ,
.
StringWriter.
: StringWriter()
StringWriter.
:
Close() StringWriter ;
382
II. -
Flush()
;
GetStringBuilder() StringBuilder;
ToString() , ,
StringWriter.
: CoreNewLine() ,
TextWriter.
:
Encoding Encoding,
;
FormatProvider , -
;
NewLine ,
TextWriter.
StringWriter 16.9, . 16.9.
16.9
* User: user
* Date: 02.01.2013
* Time: 13:02
*
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text; // StringBuilder
namespace app85_stringwriter
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" StringWriter");
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
16. -
383
// StringBuilder,
// :
sw.WriteLine(" ");
StringBuilder sb = sw.GetStringBuilder(); //
// StringBuilder
Console.WriteLine(" StringBuilder'a:\n {0}",sb);
sb.Insert (0, " ! ") ; //
// 0-
// :
Console.WriteLine(" StringBuilder " +
" :");
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sb.ToString());
// :
// .
// , ,
// ( ,
// )
sb.Remove(0, " ! ".Length);
" :");
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sb.ToString ());
"StringWriter:\n {0}", sw);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 16.9. StringWriter
384
II. -
StringReader
StreamReader. ,
,
TextReader.StreamReader,
TextReader.
, 16.9,
StringReader. 16.10,
. 16.10.
16.10
* User: user
* Date: 02.01.2013
* Time: 17:07
*
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
namespace app86_stringreader
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" StringWriter "+
" StringReader");
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
// StringBuilder,
// :
sw.WriteLine(" ");
StringBuilder sb = sw.GetStringBuilder(); //
// StringBuilder
Console.WriteLine(" StringBuilder'a:\n {0}",sb);
16. -
385
sb.Insert (0, " ! ") ; //

// 0-
// :
" :");
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sb.ToString());
StringReader sr = new StringReader(sw.ToString());
string input = null;
"StringReader:");
while ((input = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
Console.WriteLine(input);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 16.10. StringReader
BinaryWriter BinaryReader
Object.
. BinaryWriter .
:
BinaryWriter() ;
BinaryWriter(Stream) ,
, UTF-8;
386
II. -
BinaryWriter(Stream, Encoding) , -
, , ;
BinaryWriter(Stream,
Encoding, Boolean)
, , ,
,
.
BaseStream
BinaryWriter.
:
Close() ;
Dispose() , -
;
Flush()
;
Seek() -
;
ToString() -
;
Write(Boolean)
( false)
( true);
Write(Byte) Byte
;
Write(Byte[]) ;
Write(Char) Unicode- -
,
;
Write(Char[])
,
;
Write(Decimal) -
16 (
decimal 128 );
Write(Double) double
16. -
387
Write(Int16)

;
Write(Int32)

;
Write(Int64)

;
Write(SByte) Byte

;
Write(Single)
;
Write(String) -
;
Write(UInt16)

;
Write(UInt32) -

;
Write(UInt64)

;
Write(Byte[], Int32, Int32)
Byte .
;
Write(Char[], Int32, Int32) -
.
;
Write7BitEncodedInt() 32- -
388
II. -
:
Null BinaryWriter ;
OutStream .
BinaryReader:
BaseStream ( ) -
BinaryReader;
Close() ;
PeekChar() " ": -
(
);
Read() -
;
Readxxxx()
BinaryWriter,
(Boolean, Int16, Int32 . .).
BinaryWriter BinaryReader
, 16.11,
. 16.11.
16.11
/* Created by SharpDevelop;
* User: user
* Date: 03.01.2013
* Time: 13:29
*
* Edit Standard Headers; */
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace app87.binarywriterreader
{
class Program
{
16. -
389
{
"BinaryWriters/Readers \n");
// .
/* BinaryWriter Open(),
* FileInfo */
FileInfo f = new FileInfo(@"D:\BinFile.txt");
BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(f.OpenWrite());
// BaseStream
Console.WriteLine("Base stream :: {0}",
bw.BaseStream);
// :
double aDouble = 1234.67;
int anlnt = 34567;
string aString = "A,B,C";
bw.Write(aDouble);
bw.Write(anlnt);
bw.Write(aString);
bw.Close();
Console.WriteLine(" :\n");
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(f.OpenRead());
Console.WriteLine(" double: {0}",
aDouble);
Console.WriteLine(" Int: {0}", anlnt);
Console.WriteLine(" : {0}", aString);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
, BinaryWriter Open(),
FileInfo.
f.OpenWrite() FileStream, BinaryWriter. , BinaryWriter
, Stream,
FileStream.
390
II. -
. 16.11.
17

Windows-, .
,
,
"" . , , . ,

, ,

. ,
( , ,
Main()). , ,
, .
( , ) .
(, ), : .
, , ,
, , . , , , ,
, . :
. , . -
392
II. -
. .
, .
- (, ), , . .

System.Threading, ( ), . :
Interlocked -
, ;
Monitor , -
.
lock
Monitor;
Mutex ,
(. 17.1);
ParametrizedThreadStart ,
, ;
Semaphore ,

;
Thread . -
;
ThreadPool -
.
, ;
ThreadPriority ,
(, . .);
ThreadStart , ,
ParametrizedThreadStart,
( , );
17.
393
ThreadState ,
(, . .);
Timer , , -
;
TimerCallback , Timer.
Thread
:
CurrentContext ,
;
CurrentThread .
:
GetDomain() ,
;
GetDomainId() , -
;
Sleep() .
(. . ) :
IsAlive , ,
(. . );
IsBackground ,
, ;
Name ;
Priority
ThreadPriority;
ThreadState -
ThreadState;
Abort() ,
( );
Interrupt() -
394
II. -
Join() , , -
Join(), ;
Resume() -
;
Start() ,
;
Suspend() . -
, .
Thread. , 17.1, . 17.1.
17.1
* User: user
* Date: 04.01.2013
* Time: 8:18
*
using System;
namespace app88_thred_statistics
{
class Program
{
{
Console.WriteLine(" Thread. " +
" :");
Thread pr = Thread.CurrentThread; //
//
pr.Name = " "; //
Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName); //
// :
17.
395
": {0}",
Thread.CurrentContext.ContextID);
Console.WriteLine(" : {0}", pr.Name);
Console.WriteLine(" ? {0}",
pr.IsAlive);
pr.Priority);
pr.ThreadState);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 17.1.
, Main().
, Windows , ,
.
,
, . .

.
,
. ,
. .
396
II. -
, .
, .
, ,
Thread.GetDomain().
, , :
public enum ThreadPriority
{
Lowest,
//
BelowNormal, //
Normal,
//
AboveNormal, //
Highest
//
}

, :
1. , (
Main() ).
2. ParametrizedThreadStart ThreadStart,
,
.
3. Thread, ParametrizedThreadStart ThredStart.
4. : , . .
5. ThreadStart(), .
ThreadStart
(. . , ),

- .
ParametrizedThreadStart ThreadStart
Object. ,
,
. , void ( -
17.
397
). Thread . 17.2, . 17.2.

17.2
* User: user
* Date: 04.01.2013
* Time: 10:35
*
using System;
namespace app89_threadStart
{
public class Printer
{
public void PrintNumbers()
{
//
Console.WriteLine("{0} :",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
// :
Console.Write(" : ");
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.Write ("{0}, ", i);
Thread.Sleep(5000); //
// 5
}
Console.WriteLine ();
} // PrintNumbers()
} // Printer
class Program
{
398
II. -
{
"ThreadStart:");
Printer pr = new Printer();
pr.PrintNumbers();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 17.2. 10
5

Sleep() 5
. , ,
Thread.Sleep(5000)
5 ( ).
Thread , 17.3.
. 17.3.
17.3
* User: user
* Date: 04.01.2013
* Time: 11:06
*
using System;
17.
using System.Windows;
// Project
// PresentationFramework
namespace app90_secondThread
{
{
{
//
Console.WriteLine("{0} :",
// :
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
// 5
}
} // PrintNumbers()
} // Printer
class Program
{
{
Console.Write(" [1] [2] "+
"? ");
string nt = Console.ReadLine();
Thread pr = Thread.CurrentThread;
pr.Name = " ";
Console.WriteLine("{0} " +
": ",
Printer p = new Printer();
switch(nt)
{
case "2": //
399
400
II. -
{ // .
// ThreadStart
// PrintNumbers():
// void
// .
// .
Thread sec =
new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.PrintNumbers));
sec.Name = " "; //
//
sec.Start(); // .
//
break;
}
case "1":
{
// Thread pr = Thread.CurrentThread;
pr.Name = " "; //
//
Console.WriteLine("{0} "+
": ", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
// Printer p = new Printer();
p.PrintNumbers();
break;
}
default:
goto case "1";
} // switch
// ,
//
// . ,
// 10 ,
//
// , . .
// 1- (),
// 2- .
MessageBox.Show(", " +
"...");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
17.
401
. 17.3.
. ,
/ -
Windows.Forms.
, , , , ,
.
, : , , ,
. . , ,
. 17.3. , System.Windows,
System.
WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) PresentationFramework
4.0.0.0. ,
, : Project Add
Reference ( ). ,
GAC
.
, :
,
Windows.Forms , 10 -
402
II. -
, 5 .
. ,
,
.
ParameterizedThreadStart
, 17.4.
. 17.4. , ThreadStart , . - ,
ParameterizedThreadStart,
, System.Object.
17.4
* User: user
* Date: 04.01.2013
* Time: 15:36
*
using System;
/* WindowsForms
PresentationFramework 4.0.0.0
: */
namespace app91_ParametrizedTreadStart
{
class AddParams
{
public int a,b;
public AddParams(int A, int B) //
{ a=A;
b=B; }
}
{
17.
{
// :
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{ Console.Write ("{0}, ", i);
// 5
}
} // PrintNumbers()
} // Printer
class Program
{ // void:
//
// ParameterizedThreadStart
static void Add(object data) //
// AddParam()
{
// ,
// cz AddParams
if(data is AddParams)
{
AddParams ap = (AddParams)data; // data
// object.
//
// :
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.Write ("{0}, ", i+ap.a + ap.b);
// 5
}
}
}
{
Console.Write(" [1] " +
" [2] ? ");
403
404
II. -
string nt = Console.ReadLine();
Thread pr = Thread.CurrentThread;
pr.Name = " ";
Console.WriteLine("{0}
",
switch(nt)
{
case "2": //
{
// .
// ParameterizedThreadStart
// Add():
// void .
// Add()
//
// AddParams :
AddParams ap = new AddParams(100,200);
// Add() ,
// :
Thread sec =
new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Add));
sec.Name = " "; //
//
sec.Start(ap); // .
//
Console.WriteLine("{0} ",sec.Name);
break;
}
case "1":
{
p.PrintNumbers();
break;
}
default:
goto case "1";
} // switch
17.
405
/* ,

. ,
10 ,

, . .
1- (),
2- . */
MessageBox.Show(", " +
"...");
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 17.4.
ParameterizedThreadStart
17.4 17.3. , ParameterizedThreadStart

Add(). object
17.3 , a b
AddParams. ,
. - Add(), 0 9, . -
406
II. -
, Windows.Forms.
AutoResetEvent
, EventWaitHandle.
, , .
.
AutoResetEvent(bool initialState) AutoResetEvent ,
:
true, , false
( , 17.5).
SafeWaitHandle .
:
Close() ,
WaitHandle;
GetAccessControl() EventWaitHandleSecurity,
, EventWaitHandle;
Reset() , -
;
Set() ,
;
WaitOne() -
WaitHandle;
WaitOne(Int32)
WaitHandle , 32- ;
WaitOne(TimeSpan) -
, TimeSpan ;
WaitOne(Int32, Boolean)
WaitHandle, 32- -
17.
407
, ,
;
WaitOne(TimeSpan, Boolean) -
, TimeSpan
, , .
AutoResetEvent , 17.5,
. 17.5.
17.5
* User: user
* Date: 05.01.2013
* Time: 11:20
*
using System;
namespace app92_AutoResetEvent
{
class Program
{
//
// AutoResetEvent
const int numIterations = 100;
static AutoResetEvent myResetEvent =
new AutoResetEvent(false);
static int number;
static void Main()
{
// Reader- ()
Thread myReaderThread =
new Thread(new ThreadStart(MyReadThreadProc));
//
myReaderThread.Name = "Reader-";
myReaderThread.Start();
408
II. -
//
// (Writer-):
for(int i = 1; i <= numIterations; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("Writer-. " +
": {0}", i);
number = i;
// , :
//
// .
// Reader :
myResetEvent.Set();
// Writer-
Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
// Reader
myReaderThread.Abort();
Console.Read();
}
static void MyReadThreadProc()
{
while(true)
{ // ,
// Writer
myResetEvent.WaitOne(); //
// (. . Reader-
// Writer-)
myResetEvent.Reset();
//
// AutoResetEvent
Console.WriteLine("{0} : {1}",
Thread.CurrentThread.Name, number);
}
}
}
}
17.
409
. 17.5. 17.5
AutoResetEvent,
. , , Main(). Writer-.
number, static-.
ThreadProc(), , Main(), . . Writer-.
MyReadThreadProc(), , AutoResetEvent
( Set()).
WaitOne(). Writer- , AutoResetEvent
( Set()), Reader- ( WaitOne() ),
MyReadThreadProc() , Writer, AutoResetEvent
, MyReadThreadProc() .
Writer- Sleep()
. 2 , .

. :
, . .
410
II. -
,
. ? ,
, . . - ,
. 17.5. , ( ,
Windows-)
, ,
Main(). , , .
,
. . number,
. , . -
: ( - ), , ? , -
.
() ().
. ,
. , ,
.
,
.
() . ,
ThreadStart(), .
, , , . . ,
. - , ,
, , . . , , .
, ,
.
.
, ,
Thread, IsBackground (Background
"", Foreground ), true.
17.3:
Thread sec = new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.PrintNumbers));
17.
411
, , .
, :
sec. IsBackground=true;

, (, ),
. , .
, , . , .
,
? , , , ,
, . ,
,
, lock ().
(
, , ).
( ),
, . ,
.
, . , ( ()),
. ,
, , , , . lock.
, lock, 17.6, . 17.6.
17.6
/*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 05.01.2013
Time: 17:23
412
II. -

using System;
namespace app92_lock
{
class Program
{
class Printer
{
private object threadLock = new object();
public void PrintNumbers ()
{
lock (threadLock)
{
Console.WriteLine(" {0} " +
"PrintNumbers()",
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{ Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
} // lock's end
}
}
}
{
" lock\n");
// 5 ,
//
Thread[] threads = new Thread[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{ threads[i] =
new Thread(new ThreadStart(p.PrintNumbers));
17.
413
threads[i].Name =
string.Format(" #{0}", i);
}
//
foreach (Thread t in threads)
t.Start();
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 17.6. lock.
Timer

. . :
Change(Int32, Int32)
, 32-
;
Change(Int64, Int64)
, 64-
;
Change(TimeSpan, TimeSpan) -
, TimeSpan
;
414
II. -
Change(UInt32, UInt32)
, 32-
.
,
, . . . . .
Timer
TimerCallback. Timer 17.7, . 17.7.
17.7
* User: user
* Date: 06.01.2013
* Time: 12:07
*
using System;
namespace app93_Timer
{
class Program
{
//
static void PrintTime(object state)
{
DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
}
{
// Timer
TimerCallback tcb = new TimerCallback(PrintTime);
17.
415
//
Timer t = new Timer (tcb, // TimerCallback
null,
//
// : .
// ,
// null .
0,
//
// ( ).
1000); //
//
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 17.7.
Timer .
Timer(TimerCallback, Object, Int32, Int32)
Timer, 32- .
416
II. -
18
Windows Forms
. , , ,
. , C#, , , Windows Forms.
, : Windows Forms,
Visual Studio (2010, 2012).
, Windows Forms Application
(, . .) , ,
. . ,
.
.
. Windows Forms
,
.
Windows Forms,
System.Windows.Forms
. : Project | Add Reference.
,
System.Windows.Forms.
using
System. Windows.Forms;
418
II. -
. , Windows Forms
, ( Main()) . .
, Windows
Forms (
), Form. Windows Forms
Application Form Form1. , : Windows-.
, . . ( ), Form2
Form. . . , :
Form1, Form2, ... , -
, . Form.
. , , .
Windows Forms Application: - Form1,
Form.
, Form Form1, Form2, ...
Windows Forms 18.1, . 18.1.
18.1
/*
*
*
*
*
*
*
User: user
Date: 07.01.2013
Time: 11:12
// System.Windows.Forms,
// using System.Windows.Forms;
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
18. Windows Forms
419
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace app94_WindowsForm_begin
{
class Program
{
class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1(string title, int height, int width)
{ //
Text = title;
Width = width;
Height = height;
//
//
CenterToScreen ();
}
}
static void Main()
{ // Windows Forms
Application.Run(new Form1("MyForm", 200, 300));
// Windows Forms
//
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Form , .
,
system.windows.forms.form.aspx.
Form1 , , .
,
, . CenterToScreen(), (
,
- ).
420
II. -
. 18.1. ( ) Windows Forms
Windows Forms Run()

System.Windows
Application.
system.windows.application.aspx.
, Run() , , .

: , , . .
:
1. , Form, - .
2. .
3. ControlCollection
Controls.Add().Control
18. Windows Forms
421
Collection System.Windows.Forms.Control.
ControlCollection, . . System.
Windows.Forms ,
()
. . , ,
: ,
, , ,
ControlCollection.
?
Windows Forms Application,
.
.
, ( ) , , (
Windows) Properties. . Form1, ,
. - Visual C# 2010 2012, Tools,
,
MSDN Microsoft. ,
.
, , 18.2,
. 18.2.
18.2
* User: user
* Date: 08.01.2013
* Time: 10:41
*
*/
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;//
422
II. -
using System.Drawing; //
// ( )
namespace app95_WindowsForm_Continue
{
class Program
{
class Form1 : Form
{ //
// 4- :
private MenuStrip mn = new MenuStrip();
private ToolStripMenuItem mnFile =
new ToolStripMenuItem();
private ToolStripMenuItem mnCopy =
private ToolStripMenuItem mnPaste =
private ToolStripMenuItem mnDelete =
private ToolStripMenuItem mnRename =
private void BuildMenuSystem()
{
//
mnFile.Text = "File";
mn.Items.Add(mnFile);
// :
mnCopy.Text = "Copy";
mnFile.DropDown.Items.Add(mnCopy);
mnCopy.Click += (o, s) => Application.Exit();
mnPaste.Text = "Paste";
mnFile.DropDown.Items.Add(mnPaste);
mnPaste.Click += (o, s) => Application.Exit();
mnDelete.Text = "Delete";
mnFile.DropDown.Items.Add(mnDelete);
mnDelete.Click += (o, s) => Application.Exit();
18. Windows Forms

mnRename.Text = "Rename";
mnFile.DropDown.Items.Add(mnRename);
mnRename.Click += (o, s) => Application.Exit();
//
Controls.Add(this.mn);
// MainMenuStrip-.
// .
// (- ),
// . .
//
MainMenuStrip = this.mn;
}
//
public Label lb=new Label(); //
//
public void AddLabel_1()
{
lb.Visible=true;
lb.Text="_1";
lb.Location = new Point(160, 45); //
//
Controls.Add(this.lb);
}
//
public Button bt=new Button();
public void AddButton_1()
{
bt.Location=new Point(160,70);
bt.Text=" 1";
bt.Visible=true;
Controls.Add(this.bt);
}
//
public Form1(string title, int height, int width)
{
//
Text = title;
423
424
II. -
Width = width;
Height = height;
//
// :
CenterToScreen ();
// :
BuildMenuSystem();
AddLabel_1();
AddButton_1();
}
}
static void Main()
{ // Windows Forms.
// Windows Forms
//
Application.Run(new Form1("MyForm", 200, 300));
Console.Read();
}
}
}
. 18.2.
MenuStrip ,
ToolStripMenuItem ,
.
ToolStripMenuItem Text,
18. Windows Forms
425
.
(& ).
, <Alt> , , . ,

, , <Alt>,
. : . ,
&File, <Alt>+<F>,
, File: , . ,
ToolStripMenuItem ( mnFile)
DropDown.Items (
" "). (MenuStrip)
( )
Items (. mn.Items.Ass(mnFile);). ( ), ,
Project:
private ToolStripMenuItem mnProject= new ToolStripMenuItem();
BiuldMenuSystem() :
mn.Project.Text = "Project";
mn.Items.Add(mn.Project);
. .
Click .
? ,
,
. .
,
, ,
- . - .
Click ( ). ,
: , -.
, Object, EventArgs. (. 18.3), . . Object EventArgs.
426
II. -
. 18.3. - - Click
System.EventArgs
System.EventHandler
System.EventHandler , Windows Forms . , -, ,
System.Object.
, () ,
System.EventArgs, .
mnRename.Click += (a, b) => Application.Exit();

mnRename.Click += (a, b) =>
{
MessageBox.Show(string.Format ("{0} " +
" ", a.ToString()));
Application.Exit ();
};
.
. 18.4.
File ,
.
18. Windows Forms
427
Rename, .
, ,
( ) Rename
: .
. 18.4. , Click
EventArgs .
:
public class EventArgs
{
public static readonly EventArgs Empty;
static EventArgs ();
public EventArgs ();
}
, , , , : MouseEventArgs, ;
KeyEventArgs, ;
PaintEventArgs, EventArgs
. Window
Forms , . . ,
Visual C# 2010 .
, , .
428
II. -
88
115
- 349
116
122
52
293
312
107
150
203
254
35
182
172
175
163
183
149

static 147
this 146
82, 84
84
54
223
34
73
140
149
61
55
- 306
430
40
107
108
109
113
108
107
108
94
140
302
179
146
179
328
167

105
287
296
as 186
do while 53
finally 200
for 50
foreach 111
goto 94
if 93
is 186
new 122
return 86
switch 102
try...catch 196
79
79
80
75
82
79
45
87
88
85, 86
146
87
37
39
105
128
129
140
178
40
333
396
74

75
74

184
184
Windows Forms 417

65
35, 214
327
391
391
29
212, 328
155
160
87
191

- 121
41
40
431
55
61
391
51
418
35, 85

94

97
106

Пахомов Борис - c# Для Начинающих (Для Начинающих) - 2014

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-

14. LINQ .........................................311

Directory ........................................................................................... 354

18. Windows Forms ..........................417

, . .NET Framework .NET Framework, CTS (Common Type System).

, ASP.NET -, ADO.NET Windows Communication Foundation , ();

Framework , , CIL (Common

CLR . , , .NET Framework,

.NET Framework, (exe- dll-, ), .NET

(Start Page), , Usage Data Collector

. 2.6. Choose Project

Start Page Errors ().

. 2.8. SharpDevelop View

Dock as Tabbed Document. , ,

. 2.9. Dock as Tabbed Document

32 768 +32 767

2 147 483 648 +2 147 483 647

0 4 294 967 295

9 223 372 036 854 775 808

0 18 446 744 073 709 551 615

WriteLine(), Console, fahr cels , -

char MyChar = '\x0058'; , MyChar

88 (, 88) char : (char). , ,

: a="\f\n ", b=\\\u0066\n .

, ReadLine(). . - , s "" s. <Enter>, . s .

float c=a%b; : =0.2. :

a=True b=False a=Fale b=True

int tn=1001; int ms=12;

public static void Main(string[] args)

else if(a == a3)

Console.WriteLine(" c {0} {1}

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switch CountSimb(), : v_a v_b. ,

switch default, case.

: " item m ".

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. 7.1. SharpDevelop DateTime

Console.WriteLine("h:mm tt: " +

: byte, sbyte, short,

Sun int, enum int.

public class EnumTest

public class EnumTest2

Console.WriteLine("Min = {0}", y);

MyCar(string Type, string Name, float Speed)

"", "" "".

. 8.3. get, set

. , (My_car) , , car, . carName. , ,

class My_car : car

_b. M_A(), . ab, . ,

static void Main()

public override void WhoAmI()

object obj = new Object () ;

Person p = new Person(1,2,3);

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Hexagon () iPointy, Hexagon:

ICar Speed ( ) GetInfo(). ,

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Console.Write("Press any key to continue...");

foreach (Animal myAnimal in animalArray)

public int Add(Int16 value)