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STORAGE
FOR FOOD PRODUCTS
CONSTRUCTION
AND
EQUIPMENT SELECTION
INTRODUCTION:
It produces very
temperature control
good
PROCESS SPECIFICATION:
Poor design in existing frozen stores is often due to a mismatch
between original design and actual use.
First task in designing plant is the preparation of a clear specification
by the user of how the room will be use.
THROUGHPUT:
Specified in terms of the food to be stored whether it is wrapped or
unwrapped in boxes, on pallets, and so on
If more than one product is to be stored, then separate specifications
must be made
Temperature requirements
Range of temperature requirements for each product must also be
clearly stated
WEIGHT LOSS
Major factor in unwrapped or permeably wrapped foods
The rate of sublimation of ice from a frozen surface is
considerably slower than the rate of evaporation from a moist
surface, and the ability of air to hold water rapidly diminishes as
its temperature falls below 0 c
PLANT LAYOUT
Frozen storage is one in a sequence of operations
How the room is loaded, unloaded,
operations
Products must be loaded into and out of the frozen store and the
process may be continuous, batch, or semi continuous
Conditions like air temperatures, velocities, and possibly relative
humidity is to be specified
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
REFRIGERATION
PLANT CAPACITY
WALLS ,CEILINGS
DOORS AND
FLOORS
ROOM
CONSTRUCTION
AND SIZE
ENGINEERING S
PECIFICATION
DEFROSTS
ENGINEERING
DESIGN SUMMARY
AMBIENT
DESIGN
CONDITIONS
REFRIGERATION
LOAD
ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS:
Frozen store are designed to keep product at a constant
temperature
Environment conditions of storage material is maintained by slow
air movement.
Auxiliary fans may be installed within the room to generate the
required air movement over the warm product
ROOM CONSTRUCTION AND SIZE
Size of the room can be determined using throughput information
Desired racking, stacking, and loading system for the frozen store
will determine the total internal space required
FLOORS
The main components are:
Sub base to provide flexible but firm support
Base slab to provide main support for whole structure
Heaters and screed to prevent freezing below the insulation
Vapour barrier essential to prevent moisture ingress into the
insulation
Insulation to prevent heat infiltration into the room (especially from
the heaters)
Slip layer protects insulation and allows relative movement
Wear floor strong, hygienic, and wear resistant working surface
WALLS AND CEILINGS
Walls and ceilings of modern frozen stores consist mainly of insulating
panels and their supporting structures
Panels are traditionally plastic-coated steel sheets bonded to an
insulating
Core of expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, or mineral fiber
Internal protective rails are required to prevent damage to the structure
DOORS
Air infiltration through doorways into cold storage rooms during loading
and unloading is by far the largest source of heat ingress
The size of doors, their position, the length of time they are open, and
the infiltration protection fitted to them all affects the calculations.
Common method of reducing infiltration is by fitting a transparent pvc
strip curtain
REFRIGERATION PLANT CAPACITY
Capacity of the refrigeration is decided
Vestibules (air locks) and flexible, fast opening doors, often in
combination, are other methods employed to reduce infiltration
Peak product load that the refrigeration plant is expected to
accommodate should be clearly stated in the agreed engineering
specification
Poor design and operation of defrost cycles can often result in coils
becoming totally blocked by ice.
MONITORING
Continuous monitoring of key temperatures is one method of maintaining
system performance and identifying potential problems before they affect
food temperatures
Sensors near the door openings will show any changes in the door opening
schedules.