Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Spiritual
Jesus
Jesuss theory includes:
Buddha
Buddhas Theory includes:
Muhammad
Muhammad Theory includes:
Belief in one god only: Allah
Must pray 5 times a day
Paying a yearly tax that goes towards the poor and needy
Not eating, smoking, drink or have sexual relations from dusk
till dawn during the month of Ramadan
All able are required to make a pilgrimage to MEcca
Classical
Plato
Platos Theory included:
The concept that our soul is made up of 3 parts
If one is able to balance all 3 parts, they we become closer
to God
Realizing/recognizing God
That our world is full of shadows and objects and that
real life is elsewhere
John Locke
Johns Theory Includes:
Children are shaped by their life experiences and perceptions of those experiences
CHildren do not respond well to lengthy lectures
Children prefer and learn better from being treated like actual human being who are
capable of thought processes of their own
Children are not born with innate sense of things, and are blank slates ready to
absorb things that they are taught
A child must be taught morals and life skills before they can really succeed in school
Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
Skinners Theory Included:
Operant conditioning
Our mind is better at observing behaviors rather than internal mental events
The best way to understand behaviors are to observe and recognize the cause and result
of it
Positive and negative reinforcement
Behavior shaping
Behavior Modification
Token economy
John B. Watson
Wasons beliefs included:
Behaviorism: behavior can be measured, trained, and
changed
Learning through stimulus substitution
All behaviors are learned through conditioning
Classical and Operant conditioning
Emotions come from classical conditioning
Problem Solving
Gestalt Approach
Gestalt Approach Theory:
Looks at the mind and behaviors as a whole
Our minds fill in missing information
We group things together in our minds
Human perception is not just about seeing what is around us in
the world
What we perceive is influenced by motivations and
expectations
Biological/
Psychological
Jean Piaget
Piagets theory Includes:
4 stages of development.
Sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete Operations
Formal Operations
Edward Thorndike
Edwards Theory Included:
Operant conditioning within behaviorism
Law of Effect: any behavior that is followed by pleasant
consequences is likely to be repeated, and any followed by
unpleasant behaviors is likely to be stopped
Connectionism: bonds between stimulus and response
Consequences of behaviors as determiners of what is learned
and what is not learned
Erik Erikson
Eriksons theory Includes:
Our identity is constantly changing based off of our daily interactions and new
experiences
Identity is developed through interaction
Each step of development can further or hinder the development of identity
Ego identity motivates behaviors and actions
Each stage of development is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life
Ego strength is gained when a developmental stage is mastered
Conflict is seen as a turning point in a stage
Potential for failure is what pushes people to success
Abraham Maslow
Abrahams Theory included:
Experiences are the key to studying behaviors and learning
Human motivation is based on hierarchy and needs
The drive to learn is intrinsic
Differences between experiential knowledge and spectator
knowledge
Experiential knowledge examples: momentarily not being self
conscious and letting go of preconceived notions
Benjamin Bloom
Benjamins theory included:
Six levels:
Social
Lev Vygotsky
Vygotskys Theory includes:
scaffolded learning.
Teachers and parents guiding childrens learning and
helping them through problems.
Teachers and adults modeling behaviors for children and
he created the ZPD (zone of proximal development).
differentiated lesson plans
Understanding and recognizing cultural background
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Uries theory included:
Ecological systems theory: A childs environment affects how they grow and develop
4 Levels of environment that affect learning:
John Dewy
Johns THeory includes:
Jerome Bruner
Bruners Theory Includes:
The outcome of cognitive development is thinking
The mind is created through experiences
Focus on inventing concepts, categories, and problem
solving strategies on ones own
Education should autonomous learners
Three levels of representation:
Personal Theory
Erica Horsfield
My Personal Theory