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Calls for
Emancipation
Frederick
Douglas
and other
abolitionists urged President
Lincoln to emancipate, or free,
enslaved Americans.
Reasons Lincoln did not end
slavery
1) Lincoln did not believe he had
the power under the
Constitution to abolish slavery.
2) Did not want to upset the
Border States (slave states
that remained in the Union).
3) Most Northern Democrats and
Republicans opposed
emancipation.
4) Lincoln did not want the issue
of slavery to divide the nation
further.
Soldiers
African-American
Emancipation Proclamation
declared that African-American
men willing to fight will be
received into the armed service of
the United States.
By the end of the Civil War about
180,000 African-Americans served
in the Union Army.
African-American soldiers were
1) organized into all-black regiments
led by white officers,
2) given the worst jobs, and
3) paid less than white soldiers.
) 54th Massachusetts Regiment was
the first all black regiment, which
included 2 sons of Frederick
Douglas.
WATCH 54th MA Regiment Documentary and Glory movie
Shortage of food in
Richmond and other cities
in the Southern states
caused riots.
By the end of 1863,
Confederate lost nearly 40
percent of its men. Some
were on leave, but many
were deserters.
President Lincolns main
opponents were the
Copperheads.
Copperheads were
Northern Democrats who
favored peace with the
South.
Both
the South
and
North
The
Draft
Laws
needed more soldiers. As a
result, both sides passed laws of
conscription, also known as a
draft
SOUTH
Confederates were drafting
soldiers since 1862.
By 1863, all white men between
18 and 45 were required to
serve in the military.
EXCEPTIONS NOT TO FIGHT
1) Owned 20 or more slaves
2) Hire a substitute for as much
as $6,000
Rich mans war, but a poor mans
fight.
Union Generals
After the Battle of Antietam General
McCellan got fired, and President
Lincoln replaced him with:
1) General Ambrose Burnside (12,600
Union troops died at the Battle of
Fredericksburg),
2) General Joseph Hooker (At the
Battle of Chancellorsville, the
Union were defeated by the
Confedeartes with only half as
many men),
3) General George Meade (Did not
finish Lee and the Confederates
after the Battle of Gettysburg),
AND
4) General Ulysses S. Grant (General
Lee surrendered to General Grant
at the Appomattox Court House).
Chancellorsville Confederate
The Road
to Stonewall
Gettysburg
General
Thomas
Jackson was shot in the arm by
Confederate guards.
Shermans
Total
War
Union
General William
Tecumseh
Sherman marched through
Tennessee to Georgia and along
the Atlantic coast (North Carolina
and South Carolina).
General Sherman waged total war,
a war not only against enemy
troops, but against everything that
supports the enemy.
General Shermans troops tore up
rail lines, destroyed crops, and
burned and looted towns.
In the Election of 1864, President
Lincoln defeated Democratic
nominee George McClellan to win
re-election for a second term.
WATCH Shermans Terrifying Tactics
Virginia
Campaign
Grants
Led by General
Grant,
at the
Battle of Wilderness the Union
Army lost over 17,000 men and
at the Battle of Cold Harbor
7,000 Union soldiers died.
General Grant told President
Lincoln, Whatever happens, we
will not retreat.
General Lee and the
Confederates troops retreated
from Richmond leaving the
Confederate capital undefended.
On April 3, 1865, the Union Army
marched into Richmond to
capture the Confederate capital.
Arlington
National
The Legacy
ofCemetery
the Warwas
built from Robert E. Lees
plantation.