WPF 4 Podrobnoe Rukovodstvo

WPF 4
08.11.2011 18:48:27
WPF4_.indd 1
WPF4
Unleashed
Adam Nathan
WPF4

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2011
WPF 4.
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WPF 4. . . . .: -, 2011.
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ISBN 978-5-93286-196-7
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) Windows-.

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XAML ;
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ActiveX; , WPF-
Windows 7, ,
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ISBN 978-5-93286-196-7
ISBN 978-0-672-33119-0 ()
-, 2011
Authorized translation of the English edition 2010 Pearson Education. This trans
lation is published and sold by permission of Pearson Education, the owner of all rights
to publish and sell the same.
,
.
, , .
-.199034,-,16,7,
.(812) 380-5007, www.symbol.ru. N 000054 25.12.98.
04.11.2011. 70100 1/16. 55 ..
19
I. 27
1. WPF Silverlight? 29
30
WPF 32
WPF 35
WPF3.5 WPF3.5 SP1 36
WPF4 38
Silverlight 40
42
2. XAML 43
XAML 45
47
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51
52
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Content 58
59
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XAML 63
XAML 63
XAML 67
XAML2009 72
73
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XAML 77
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XML 88
XamlServices 89
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Height Width 126
Margin Padding 128
Visibility 131
132
132
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FlowDirection 134
135
RotateTransform 137
ScaleTransform 139
SkewTransform 141
TranslateTransform 142
MatrixTransform 142
143
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144
5. 146
Canvas 147
StackPanel 150
WrapPanel 152
DockPanel 154
Grid 158
162
GridSplitter 165
166
Grid 169
171
TabPanel 171
ToolBarPanel 171
ToolBarOverflowPanel 171
ToolBarTray 171
UniformGrid 172
SelectiveScrollingGrid 172
173
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210
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212
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216
224
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Windows 231
Window 232
Application 235
242
243
246
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Windows 249
249
252
258
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265
268
268
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272
8. Windows 7 273
273
JumpTask 275
JumpPath 282
287
287
288
289
290
Aero Glass 292
TaskDialog 296
299
III. 301
9. 303
305
Button 306
RepeatButton 307
ToggleButton 308
CheckBox 308
RadioButton 309
311
Label 311
ToolTip 312
Frame 314
316
GroupBox 316
Expander 318
318
10. 319
320
DisplayMemberPath 321
ItemsPanel 322
325
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ComboBox 326
ListBox 332
ListView 335
TabControl 336
DataGrid 337
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349
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355
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RichTextBox 364
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PasswordBox 364
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367
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380
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386
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389
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12. 393
393
394
395
400
402
406
406
411
413
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420
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428
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Line 570
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575
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592
594
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BitmapCache 598
BitmapCacheBrush 601
601
16. 602
603
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Position 608
LookDirection 611
UpDirection 614
OrthographicCamera PerspectiveCamera 617
Transform3D 620
TranslateTransform3D 623
ScaleTransform3D 623
RotateTransform3D 627
Transform3D 630
Model3D 631
Light 632
GeometryModel3D 639
Model3DGroup 654
Visual3D 656
ModelVisual3D 656
UIElement3D 658
Viewport2DVisual3D 660
662
Viewport3D 663
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Visual3D.TransformToAncestor Visual3D.
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19. 747
Win32
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Win32 Webcam 750
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768
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DirectX WPF 781
ActiveX
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804
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21. 825
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847
848
3.
Microsoft Visual Studio,

WPF-.
, Popfly,
Microsoft, Silver
light, 25 2007
PCWorld Magazine.
Microsoft (Common Langua
ge Runtime), ,
.NET WPF.
Microsoft ,
, .
WPF Unleashed (Sams, 2006),
Jolt Award 2008, Silverlight 1.0 Unleashed (Sams, 2008)
.NET and COM: The Complete Interoperability Guide (Sams, 2002).
, ASP.NET: Tips, Tutorials, and
Code (Sams, 2001), .NET Framework Standard Library Annotated Reference,
Volume 2 (Addison-Wesley, 2005) Windows Developer Power Tools (OReilly,
2006). PINVOKE.NET
Visual Studio. www.adamnathan.net
@adamnathan Twitter.
3.
3.
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(Dwayne Need),
WPF, .

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. (David Teitlebaum),
WPF,
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uer).
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veira Costa), (Ifeanyi Echeruo), (Dan Glick),
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(Mike Mueller), , (Lori Pearce), . (S. Rami
ni), (Rob Relyea), (Tim Rice), (Ben Ronco),
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vid Treadwell) (Paramesh Vaidyanathan).
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Neil Rowe
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800 East 96th Street
Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA
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mit.com/register, ,
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sentation Foundation (WPF)
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http://msdn.com.
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http://msdn.com.
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Express, http://msdn.com.
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(Graphics Device Interface, GDI) USER
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1. WPF Silverlight?
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1. WPF Silverlight?

GDI
GDI Windows XP
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DirectX , . Di
rectX :
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2008 http://wpf.codeplex.com
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WPF- Visual Studio 2005,
Expression Blend .
Visual Studio 2010 WPF,
WPF-!
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1. WPF Silverlight?
Expression Blend, WPF,

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WPF-
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Lenovo . Microsoft, ,
, WPF (Visual Studio,
Expression, Test and Lab Manager, Deep Zoom Composer, Songsmith, Surface,
Semblio, Robotics Studio, LifeCam, Amalga, Games for Windows LIVE Market
place, Office Communicator Attendant, Active Directory Administrative Center,
Dynamics NAV, Pivot, PowerShell ISE ).
, WPF- WPF-, Snoop, http://

snoopwpf.codeplex.com.
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WPF3.5 WPF3.5 SP1

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Silverlight 3 WPF4.
Visual State Manager
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40
1. WPF Silverlight?
FAQ
WPF 4?
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Down .
FAQ
WPF Windows?
WPF API, Windows7
( ), , 8. , WPF Windows XP ( Windows, WPF).
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, , WPF
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Windows7, Luna Windows XP).
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net Explorer ( Windows Vista Windows XP
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Visual Studio .
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45
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XAML- (, ,
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FAQ
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Windows SDK XamlPad,
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gebretsen), WPF;
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XamlPadX , http://blogs.
msdn.com/llobo/archive/2008/08/25/xamlpadx-4-0.aspx.
(Lester Lobo), WPF.
XAML Cruncher ClickOnce-,
http://charlespetzold.com/wpf/XamlCruncher/ XamlCruncher.application.
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phics) -
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2. XAML
XAML, .
, WPF XAML, Silverlight XAML
XAML-.

XAML XAML
XAML XAML :
XAML Object Mapping Specification 2006 (MS-XAML): http://go.microsoft.com/
fwlink/?LinkId=130721
WPF XAML Vocabulary Specification 2006 (MS-WPFXV): http://go.microsoft.
com/fwlink/?LinkId=130722
Silverlight XAML Vocabulary Specification 2008 (MS-SLXV): http://go.micro
soft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=130707
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47

XAML ,
, .NET ,
XML. ( ) XAML, WPF- Button, C#:
XAML:
<Button xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
Content="OK"/>
C#:
System.Windows.Controls.Button b = new System.Windows.Controls.Button();
b.Content = "OK";
, XAML
Internet Explorer ,
(.2.1), C#
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XML- XAML- (
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.
(
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Content, Click.
XAML:
Content="OK" Click="button_Click"/>
48
2. XAML
C#:
b.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler(button_Click);
b.Content = "OK";
, - button_Click
, XAML-
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XAML-
# XML http://schemas.microsoft.com/
winfx/2006/xaml/presentation .NET System.Windows.Cont
rols. WPF
WPF,
XmlnsDefinitionAttribute. ( , URL-
schemas.microsoft.com -,
, .)
XAML-
XML;
.
XML ( ) ,
,
. , XAML-
WPF x
( xmlns:x, xmlns):
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
49
XAML,
System.Windows.Markup; ,

XAML. , XML-,
,
. XAML
XAML .

.NET
WPF WPF
.NET XML, WPF (http://
schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation):
System.Win
dows
System.Win
dows.Automation
System.Win
dows.Controls
System.Win
dows.Controls.Primitives
System.Win
dows.Data
System.Win
dows.Documents
System.Win
dows.Forms.Integration
System.Win
dows.Ink
System.Win
dows.Input
System.Win
dows.Media
System.Win
dows.Media.Animation
System.Win
dows.Media.Effects
System.Win
dows.Media.Imaging
System.Win
dows.Media.Media3D
System.Win
dows.Media.TextFormatting
System.Win
dows.Navigation
System.Win
dows.Shapes
System.Win
dows.Shell
--, WPF
,
.
WPF XML (http://schemas.microsoft.com/

winfx/2006/xaml/presentation) , XAML
(http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml) ,
x, , ,
# using System;. XAML-
, :
50
2. XAML
<WpfNamespace:Button
xmlns:WpfNamespace="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
Content="OK"/>
,
XML ( ) ,
.
XAML ,
, WPF
XML (http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation)
, XAML (http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/
2006/xaml) , x. , ,
XAMLPAD2009, .

WPF XML
XAML- WPF
WPF XML, ,
WPF, System.Windows , XML.
WPF3.0 http://schemas.microsoft.
com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation, WPF3.5
XML http://schemas.microsoft.com/netfx/2007/xaml/presentation,
WPF. ( ,
WinFX , .NET 3.0:
WPF, WCF WF. ,
.) WPF4
XML, WPF: http://schemas.
microsoft.com/netfx/2009/xaml/presentation.
,
http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presen
tation, WPF. ( ,
XAML- WPF;
, WPF 3.0)
, Silverlight http://schemas.micro
soft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation, Silver
light- XAML-, WPF. Silverlight
http://schemas.microsoft.
com/client/2007, WPF.
51
XML .
, . - ,
.
WPF
/ . , winfx/2006
3.0 ,
netfx/2007 3.5 .. WPF4
netfx/2009
/, - (
, TextOptions) !
XAML- Internet Explorer
PresentationHost.exe, , .NET
Framework , XML
. netfx/2009, 4.0,
3., .

,
WPF .
, .2.1,
, ! ,
,
:
System.Windows.Shapes.Rectangle r = new System.Windows.Shapes.Rectangle();
r.Width = 40;
r.Height = 40;
r.Fill = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.Black;
b.Content = r; // Button
Content Button System.Object; ,

Rectangle, 4040.
.2.2.
, , XAML
? , Content
Rectangle, #?
, XAML (
) .
:
<Button xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Button.Content>
<Rectangle Height="40" Width="40" Fill="Black"/>
</Button.Content>
</Button>
52
2. XAML
.2.2. Button
Content XML-, XML, #. Button.

Content .
.
.
( x:Uid
).

. Button
(Content Background).
Content="OK" Background="White"/>
,
:
<Button.Content>
OK
</Button.Content>
<Button.Background>
White
</Button.Background>
</Button>
, XAML-
.

#-, Button:
Content Background:
53

b.Content = "OK";
b.Background = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.White;
! "White" XAML-
System.Windows.Media.Brushes.White (
System.Windows.Media.SolidColorBrush)? ,
, XAML-
, System.String System.Object.
XAML
, .
WPF
: Brush, Color, FontWeight, Point .. ,
TypeConverter (BrushConverter, ColorConverter ..)
.
XAML, .
Brush, XAML-
Background
:
Content="OK">
<Button.Background>
<SolidColorBrush Color="White"/>
</Button>
, Color
"White". ,
:
Content="OK">
<Button.Background>
<SolidColorBrush>
<SolidColorBrush.Color>
<Color A="255" R="255" G="255" B="255"/>
</SolidColorBrush.Color>
</SolidColorBrush>
</Button>
,
"255" Byte,
A, R, G B Color. , .
XAML- , ,
.
54
2. XAML

#, Background System.
Windows.Media.Brushes.White, , XAML-,
"White",
. ,
, :
b.Content = "OK";
b.Background = (Brush)System.ComponentModel.TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(
typeof(Brush)).ConvertFromInvariantString("White");
#, "White"
, ,
XAML. ( Visual Studio XAML-
.)

- XAML
? ,
System.
ComponentModel.TypeConverterAttribute.
, Background Button XAML-
BrushConverter, Background
System.Windows.Media.Brush, :
[TypeConverter(typeof(BrushConverter)), ...]
public abstract class Brush : ...
{
...
}
, FontSize FontSizeConverter, (
Control) :
[TypeConverter(typeof(FontSizeConverter)), ...]
public double FontSize
{
get { ... }
set { ... }
}
,
(double)
FontSizeConverter . WPF double
LengthConverter.
55

, ,
XAML.
(
,
) ,
.
WPF .
, , XAML
.
. ,
, ,
. ,

, , BrushConverter
.
{},
XAML ,
( -, ).
Button
:

Background="{x:Null}"

Height="{x:Static SystemParameters.IconHeight}"
Content="{Binding Path=Height, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}"/>

,
MarkupExtension.
Extension, XAML . Null
Extension ( x:Null) StaticExtension ( x:Static)
System.Windows.Markup,
x. Binding (
Extension) System.Windows.Data,
XML,
.
,
, . (
, SystemParameters.IconHeight)
.
56
2. XAML
( Path RelativeSource)

.
( ,
RelativeSource) ,
. .NET (
), , ,
XAML
. .
Button NullExtension
Background ( Background) null,
BrushConverter (, , )
. ,
null . StaticExtension
XAML , ,
. Height
Button
,
IconHeight System.Windows.SystemParameters. Binding
13 .
Content , Height.

, ,
. ,
, :
Content="{}{ !}"/>
, , .
,
. :
<Button.Content>
{ !}
</Button.Content>
</Button>
(. 13) , .
57

, .
Button :
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
<Button.Background>
<x:Null/>
<Button.Height>
<x:Static Member="SystemParameters.IconHeight"/>
</Button.Height>
<Button.Content>
<Binding Path="Height">
<Binding.RelativeSource>
<RelativeSource Mode="Self"/>
</Binding.RelativeSource>
</Binding>
</Button.Content>
</Button>
,
,
( ).
, StaticExtension Member,
, ,
, RelativeSource Mode
.

.
, # XAML- Button
NullExtension, StaticExtension Binding:
// Background:
b.Background = null;
// Height:
b.Height = System.Windows.SystemParameters.IconHeight;
// Content:
System.Windows.Data.Binding binding = new System.Windows.Data.Binding();
binding.Path = new System.Windows.PropertyPath("Height");
binding.RelativeSource = System.Windows.Data.RelativeSource.Self;
b.SetBinding(System.Windows.Controls.Button.ContentProperty, binding);
, XAML,
,
58
2. XAML
( ProvideValue).
,
(,
, Member StaticExten
sion). ,
!

XAML-, XML-,
. ,
(
, XAML ).
:
, ,
.
Content
WPF (
), XML-.

XAML- .

Visual Basic ( ).
Content Button (
),
Content="OK"/>
:
OK
</Button>
Button,
<Button.Content>
</Button.Content>
</Button>
:
</Button>
59
, Content;
, ComboBox, ListBox TabControl ( System.
Windows.Controls) Items.

XAML ,
: .
, Sys
tem.Collections.IList, System.Collections.ArrayList
, WPF. XAML-
ListBox, Items ItemsCollec
tion, IList:
<ListBox xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<ListBox.Items>
<ListBoxItem Content="Item 1"/>
</ListBox.Items>
</ListBox>
XAML- #:
System.Windows.Controls.ListBox listbox = new System.Windows.Controls.ListBox();
System.Windows.Controls.ListBoxItem item1 =
new System.Windows.Controls.ListBoxItem();
System.Windows.Controls.ListBoxItem item2 =
new System.Windows.Controls.ListBoxItem();
item1.Content = "Item 1";
item2.Content = "Item 2";
listbox.Items.Add(item1);
listbox.Items.Add(item2);
, Items ListBox, XAML-

:
<ListBox xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
</ListBox>
, Items ListBox
.
null (, Items
ListBox, ),
XAML,
. WPF
, OtherList
Box:
60
2. XAML
<OtherListBox>
<OtherListBox.Items>
<ItemCollection>
</ItemCollection>
</OtherListBox.Items>
</OtherListBox>
System.Windows.ResourceDictionary WPF ,
12 .
System.Collections.IDictionary, , ,
/ , -
. XAML , IDictionary,
/. , XAML-
ResourceDictionary Color:
<ResourceDictionary
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
<Color x:Key="1" A="255" R="255" G="255" B="255"/>
<Color x:Key="2" A="0" R="0" G="0" B="0"/>
</ResourceDictionary>
XAML ey (
XML),
Color . (
Color Key .) , XAML-
#:
System.Windows.ResourceDictionary d = new System.Windows.ResourceDictionary();
System.Windows.Media.Color color1 = new System.Windows.Media.Color();
System.Windows.Media.Color color2 = new System.Windows.Media.Color();
color1.A = 255; color1.R = 255; color1.G = 255; color1.B = 255;
color2.A = 0; color2.R = 0; color2.G = 0; color2.B = 0;
d.Add("1", color1);
d.Add("2", color2);

, XAML2009
WPF XAML IList IDictio
nary, XAML2009 (
XAML2009) .
IList IDictionary, ICollection<T> IDictionary<K,V>,
Add GetEnumerator.
61
, , XAML x:Key,
,
XAML2009 (.
XAML2009).
.

,
SolidColorBrush XAML:
<SolidColorBrush>White</SolidColorBrush>
:
<SolidColorBrush Color="White"/>
, Color .
,
, , "White" ( "white",
"#FFFFFF") SolidColorBrush.

XAML, : , XAML
- , ,
.NET. ,
, XAML ,
,
. , , System.Windows.Media.Brush
SolidColorBrush, GradientBrush
, XAML :
<Brush>White</Brush>
Brush , SolidColorBrush.
,
XAML , ,
XAML.

XAML
XAML .NET,
.NET ( COM-
COM), .
, .
62
2. XAML

. ,
, ,
XAML ( XAML2009).
WPF ,
XAML ( .NET ).
WPF XmlnsDefinitionAttribute,
.NET XML
XAML-. ,
XAML , , ?

, XML. ,
#, .NET mscorlib.dll:
System.Collections.Hashtable h = new System.Collections.Hashtable();
h.Add("key1", 7);
h.Add("key2", 23);
XAML:
<collections:Hashtable
xmlns:collections="clr-namespace:System.Collections;assembly=mscorlib"
xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
<sys:Int32 x:Key="key1">7</sys:Int32>
<sys:Int32 x:Key="key2">23</sys:Int32>
</collections:Hashtable>
clr-namespace .NET
XAML.
, ,
XAML-. (
mscorlib), ,
System.Reflection.Assembly.Load (, ),
, /
.
,
.NET, .NET Framework:
- Hashtable
XAML x:key, Hashtable,
.NET Framework, IDictio
nary 1.0.
System.Int32 ,
, .
, , XAML,
System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter,
.NET Framework 1.0.
, Windows Forms (,
, Visual Studio ,
).
XAML
63

XAML
.
XAML
:
1. IList, IList.Add
.
2. , IDictionary, IDictionary.Add
,
x:Key, . (, XAML2009
IDictionary IList
, .)
3. , (
System.Windows.Markup.ContentPropertyAttribute)
, .
4. ,
, (
),
,
.
5. ,
.
1 2 ,
, 3 , Content,
4 , ,
.
XAML
WPF- .NET-
. WPF-
XAML
(. 13), (. ) ,
, XAML, .
WPF- XAML
.
XAML .
XAML
WPF XAML, .
System.Windows.Markup:
XamlReader XamlWriter. API . XamlReader
Load, Xaml
64
2. XAML
Writer Save. ,
, .NET- ,
XAML . .NET Fra
mework 4 XAML,
. ,
, XAML,
.
XamlReader
XamlReader.Load XAML-,
.NET ,
. , XAML- MyWindow.xaml
Window (
7 ),
Window
:
Window window = null;
using (FileStream fs =
new FileStream("MyWindow.xaml", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
// . , Window
window = (Window)XamlReader.Load(fs);
}
Load FileStream (
System.IO). Load ,
XAML-,
. FileStream using.
XamlReader Stream
( System.Xml.XmlReader),
XAML- .
,
,
. ,
Window StackPanel,
OK:
{
// . , Window
}
// OK, (
// !)
StackPanel panel = (StackPanel)window.Content;
Button okButton = (Button)panel.Children[4];
XAML
65
Button, , :
(, ,
XAML),
- , XAML,
.
,

, XAML
.
XAML Button,
"OK",
. ,
, ?
, XAML ,
.
XamlReader LoadAsync,
XAML- .
, ,
, XAML- .
, CancelAsync
LoadCompleted, .
LoadAsync .
, Dispatcher.BeginIn
voke (WPF 200 ).
,
XAML x:SynchronousMode="Async". LoadSync
XAML , .
XAML
XAML Name,
. OK, ,
, - Window, Name
:
<Button x:Name="okButton">OK</Button>
#
Window.FindName,
:
66
2. XAML
{
// . , Window
}
// OK,
Button okButton = (Button)window.FindName("okButton");
FindName Window. Fra

meworkElement FrameworkContentElement,
WPF.

x:Name
x:Name ,
,
( System.Windows.Markup.
RuntimeNamePropertyAttribute). , FrameworkElement Framework
ContentElement Name, Runtime
NameProperty("Name"). ,
Name, x:Name.
, . , Name .
WPF
Binding :
<StackPanel xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Label Target="{Binding ElementName=box}" Content="Enter _text:"/>
<TextBox Name="box"/>
</StackPanel>
( TextBox Target Label Alt+T.) WPF4 , System.Windows.Markup.Reference, , .

:
<StackPanel xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
<Label Target="{x:Reference box}" Content="Enter _text:"/>
</StackPanel>
XAML
67
, System.Windows.Markup.Na
meReferenceConverter ( ), , :
<StackPanel xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Label Target="box" Content="Enter _text:"/>
</StackPanel>
XAML
XAML

.NET- ,
XAML. WPF-
XAML, MSBuild Visual Studio.
XAML : XAML-
,
,
XAML . # Visual Basic
XAML .
XAML-
, WPF, Visual Studio,
(Build Action) Page (). (7 ,
.)
, XAML-
, XAML. Class,
XAML. :
<Window xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
x:Class="MyNamespace.MyWindow">
...
</Window>

XAML- .NET-
XAML- .NET-
:
CodeDom MSBiuld.
, ( ) .
68
2. XAML
( )
:
namespace MyNamespace
{
partial class MyWindow : Window
{
public MyWindow()
{
// , XAML-!
InitializeComponent();
...
}
...
}
}
(code-behind file). XAML-

( ,
Click Button), .
partial ,
. .NET-
(, , ++/CLI J#), XAML Subclass :
x:Class="MyNamespace.MyWindow" x:Subclass="MyNamespace.MyWindow2">
...
</Window>
XAML- (
MyWindow2), ,
(MyWindow). ,
.
WPF- # Visual Basic Visual Studio
Add New Item ( ),
- WPF-, Visual Studio
XAML- x:Class
, ,
,
.
MSBuild ,
, ,
#
, .
:
XAML
69
<ItemGroup>
<Page Include="MyWindow.xaml"/>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Include="MyWindow.xaml.cs">
<DependentUpon>MyWindow.xaml</DependentUpon>
<SubType>Code</SubType>
</Compile>
</ItemGroup>

MyWindow.xaml, :
BAML- (MyWindow.baml),
.
#- (MyWindow.g.cs),
, .
x:Class XAML. XAML- .

, ,
, , .
Visual Studio XAML- x:Class
XAML

.
BAML
BAML Binary Application Markup Lan
guage ( ). XAML,
, .
XAML
, XAML BAML
. BAML MSIL;
,
, XAML- ( ).
, BAML XAML.
. WPF4
BAML- (.
XAML).
70
2. XAML

- CAML
WPF XAML
BAML MSIL. MSIL- CAML,
Compiled Application Markup Language (
). ,
(BAML) (CAML).
WPF
, . BAML
, :
, MSIL, ( ) .
, CAML BAML, .
, . ,
DLL-,
..

XAML -
( x:Class), ,
,
XAML- .
.g.cs ( .g.vb), g (generated).

, x:Class .
( internal)
XAML-, .
InitializeComponent,
BAML-,
, XAML-,
( XAML).
, ,
,
( BAML ),
BAML
. ,
, ,
, .
InitializeComponent .
XAML

InitializeComponent
!
, ,
XAML- ( BAML-
), , ,
null.

XAML
XAML
, ( ASP.NET).
Code XAML:
x:Class="MyNamespace.MyWindow">
<Button Click="button_Click">OK</Button>
<x:Code><![CDATA[
void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
]]></x:Code>
</Window>
XAML- x:Code
, .g.cs-. ,
XAML- ; ,
.
<![CDATA[...]]> , '<' <, &,
CDATA XML, XML-. (,
]]>, CDATA!)
, XAML- . ,
, Visual Studio , IntelliSense
.
71
72
2. XAML
FAQ
BAML XAML?
, , BAML
XAML ,
.
,
XAML. , System.Windows.
Application.LoadComponent, BAML:
System.Uri uri = new System.Uri("/WpfApplication1;component/MyWindow.xaml",
System.UriKind.Relative);
Window window = (Window)Application.LoadComponent(uri);
, BAML, .xaml .
, XAML-
FileStream, LoadComponent
(URI)
. LoadComponent
BAML-, ,
URI ( , MSBuild,
XAML-).
Visual Studio InitializeComponent Applica
tion.LoadComponent BAML-, ,
. 12
URI.
, System.Windows.Mark
up.XamlWriter, XAML- (
, ). XamlWriter
Save;
XAML- :
string xaml = XamlWriter.Save(window);
, BAML- , ,
,
. (,
HTML-, JavaScript- CSS- .)
.NET Reflector BamlViewer
(. http://codeplex.com/reflectoraddins), BAML-,
, XAML-.
XAML2009
XAML ,
WPF, XAML WPF
WPF.
XAML2009
73
WPF. .NET Framework 4.0

System.Xaml,
XAML. WPF ( WCF WF) System.
Xaml, .
.NET Framework 4.0
XAML. XAML2009. (
, XAML2006.) Sys
tem.Xaml XAML2009, API (, Sys
tem.Windows.Markup.XamlReader System.Windows.Markup.XamlWriter
), XAML2006.
XAML2009, ,
,
XAML. , :
WPF-,
XAML API XAML2006,
WPF Visual Studio,
.
, WPF
XAML2009. (, Silverlight
XAML2009; XAML2006 !)
WPF4 XAML , ,
API XAML2009. , , XAMLPAD2009,
, Internet Explorer
XML netfx/2009.
XAML2009 ,
. ,
XAML .
, XAML2009
XAML.
, ,
.

XAML2006
x:TypeArguments,
.
x:TypeArguments ,
XAML2006
.
, ,
. XAML
. :
74
2. XAML
C#:
public class PhotoCollection : ObservableCollection<Photo> {}
XAML:
<custom:PhotoCollection>
<custom:Photo .../>
<custom:Photo .../>
</custom:PhotoCollection>
XAML2009 x:TypeArguments ,
, , ObservableCollection<Photo>
XAML:
<collections:ObservableCollection TypeArguments="custom:Photo">
<custom:Photo .../>
<custom:Photo .../>
</collections:ObservableCollection>
, collections
System.Collections.ObjectModel, ObservableCollection.

XAML2009
x:Key,
, . :
<collections:Dictionary x:TypeArguments="x:Int32, x:String">
<x:String x:Key="1">One</x:String>
<x:String x:Key="2">Two</x:String>
</collections:Dictionary>
, collections
System.Collections.Generic.

XamlObjectWriter XAML2009

. XamlObjectWriterSettings.PreferUnconvertedDictionaryKeys.
true, System.Xaml ,
IDictionary, , :
System.Xaml IDictionary.Add
,
.NET Framework, System.Xaml
, .
XAML2009
75

XAML2006 .NET, String
Int32, ,
System mscorlib; , :
<sys:Int32 xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">7</sys:Int32>
XAML2009 XAML 13
.NET. ,
x, : x:Byte, x:Boolean, x:Int16,
x:Int32, x:Int64, x:Single, x:Double, x:Decimal, x:Char, x:String, x:Object, x:Uri, x:Ti
meSpan. , :
<x:Int32 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">7</x:Int32>
XAML-, XAML,
:
<x:Int32>7</x:Int32>
XAML2009 x:Arguments,
.
, , System.Version,
. XAML2006
,
( , ,
, 0.0).
XAML2009 ,
:
<sys:Version x:Arguments="4.0.30319.1"/>
;
.
x:TypeArguments, x:Arguments

. , x:Arguments.
, System.Version,
, :
<sys:Version>
<x:Arguments>
<x:Int32>30319</x:Int32>
</x:Arguments>
</sys:Version>
76
2. XAML

x:FactoryMethod XAML2009
, . x:Fac
toryMethod ,
. , XAML-
Guid, Guid.
NewGuid:
<Label xmlns=http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation
xmlns:x=http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml
xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib">
<sys:Guid x:FactoryMethod="sys:Guid.NewGuid"/>
</Label>
x:FactoryMethod x:Arguments,
, .
, Marshal.GetExcep
tionForHR, HRESULT
.NET, CLR
:
<Label xmlns=http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation
xmlns:x=http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml
xmlns:interop=
"clr-namespace:System.Runtime.InteropServices;assembly=mscorlib">
<sys:Exception x:FactoryMethod="interop:Marshal.GetExceptionForHR">
<x:Arguments>
<x:Int32>0x80004001</x:Int32>
</x:Arguments>
</sys:Exception>
</Label>
.2.3 , XAMLPAD2009
Label StackPanel.

XAML2006
XAML-. XAML2009 ,

. , XAML2009
,
:
<Button Click="{custom:DelegateFinder Click}"/>
,
.
XAML
77
.2.3. ,

XAML
.
XAML2009 x:Members x:Property,

XAML. WPF.
XAML Windows Workflow Foundation,
:
<Activity x:Class="ActivityLibrary1.Activity1" ...>
<x:Members>
<x:Property Name="argument1" Type="InArgument(x:Int32)"/>
<x:Property Name="argument2" Type="OutArgument(x:String)"/>
</x:Members>
...
</Activity>
XAML
, XAML- Xaml
Reader.Load XamlWriter.Save System.Windows.Markup.
API WPF
WPF ,
XAML2006.
78
2. XAML
System.Xaml System.Xaml.
XamlReader System.Xaml.XamlWriter (
/), XAML.
System.Xaml ,
, .
XAML2009.
XamlReader XAML
(
), XamlWriter
.
:
( System.Xaml.XamlReader):
System.Xaml.XamlXmlReader XML- ( System.Xml.XmlReader, System.
IO.TextReader, System.IO.Stream ,
).
System.Xaml.XamlObjectReader .
System.Win
dows.Baml2006.Baml2006Reader BAML- ( WPF
2006).
System.Xaml.XamlBackgroundReader XamlReader,
,
, .
( System.Xaml.XamlWriter):
System.Xaml.XamlXmlWriter XML ( System.Xml.XmlWriter,
System.IO.TextWriter Stream).
System.Xaml.XamlObjectWriter .
XAML ,
.NET Framework,
System.IO System.Xml.
,
, XAML .
.2.4, ,
.NET Framework. XAML
XML,
, .
, .2.4 , ,

, .

XAML (
79
XAML
API). 40
(Autodesk 3ds Max Maya, AutoCAD DXF, NewTek LightWave ..), Adobe
Illustrator/Photoshop/Flash/Fireworks, SVG, HTML 5 Canvas, Visio, PowerPo
int, Windows Metafile (WMF), Enhanced Metafile (EMF), Visual
Basic 6!
XML
XAML
XML
BAML
.2.4. ,

XAML, WPF!

XAML. , ,
. XamlObjectReader
WPF, WPF XAML
- System.Windows.Markup.XamlWriter.
XAML WPF, .
80
2. XAML
FAQ
XAML-
XamlXmlReader, XmlReader? XAML
XML?
XamlXmlReader XmlReader,
.
XML,
XAML.
XAML, XAML
,
XML.
,
XAML. , XAML-
Button, Content
"":

OK
</Button>
<-- : -->
<Button.Content>
OK
</Button.Content>
</Button>

Content="OK"/>
XmlReader -, XamlXmlReader
. ,
XAML (
XAML),
. , XamlXmlReader
, ,
Button
Content.
, ,
XAML, XamlXmlReader (
XAML),
, . ,
XamlXmlReader , Content
System.Object.
XAML
81

XAML ,
. XamlReader XamlWriter ,
,
,
. , reader
XAML, writer , :
//
while (reader.Read())
{
writer.WriteNode(reader);
}
,
. , XAMLPAD2009
XAML XML ( )
,
(, ). 2.1
,
XamlXmlReader, XamlObjectWriter.
XamlXmlReader XML.
, System.IO.StringReader
XamlXmlReader ( , StringReader
TextReader).
2.1. XAML-,
XML,
public static object ConvertXmlStringToObjectGraph(string xmlString)
{
// String -> TextReader -> XamlXmlReader
using (TextReader textReader = new StringReader(xmlString))
using (XamlXmlReader reader = new XamlXmlReader(textReader,
System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.GetWpfSchemaContext()))
using (XamlObjectWriter writer = new XamlObjectWriter(reader.SchemaContext))
{
//
{
}
// XamlObjectWriter
//
return writer.Result;
}
}
82
2. XAML
XamlObjectWriter WPF-,
XAML WPF.
, XAML- .
XAML
XAML
XAML,
, - ,
.
XamlReader,
, NodeType,
:
StartObject
, XML-
, .
GetObject ,
, XAML ,
( ListBox,
).
EndObject (
StartObject GetObject). StartObject
GetObject EndObject, .
StartMember
: ( ), (
) XAML, x:Key.
, StartMember
StartObject GetObject. , XML
,
, , .
EndMember (
StartMember). StartMember
EndMember.
Value .
- ,
Value StartMember (
StartObject GetObject).
NamespaceDeclaration
XML (
). , Start
Object, .
, , ,
, ,
.
XAML
83
None -,
, .
.
XamlReader ,
: Type, Member, Value Namespace.

. , NodeType StartObject, Type
XamlType, null.
NodeType StartMember, Member Xaml
Member, null. NodeType Value,
Value null. NodeType NamespaceDeclaration,
Namespace.
, XAML .NET Framework 4.0 (
XamlObjectReader) IXamlLineInfo,
, . HasLineInfo
true, ,
LineNumber LinePosition .
FAQ
XamlType XamlMember,
XAML?
XAML
.NET.
XamlType System.Type (
UnderlyingType), XAML ,
, .

XamlType .NET.
XamlMember System.Reflection.MemberInfo (
UnderlyingMember, MemberInfo
). XAML ,
IsDirective PreferredXamlNamespace.
,
XAML, .2.1 , XamlXmlReader
XAML- 2.2. XamlNodeType
, .
2.2. XAML-
XamlXmlReader

<Button Name="okButton" Click="okButton_Click">OK</Button>
84
2. XAML
<Button x:Name="cancelButton">Cancel</Button>
<ListBox>
<-- -->
<ListBoxItem>Item 2</ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem>
<ListBoxItem.Content>
Item 3
</ListBoxItem.Content>
</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>
</StackPanel>
2.1. XAML, XamlXmlReader

2.2
XamlNodeType
Namespace=".../xaml/presentation",
Prefix=""
13
Namespace=".../xaml", Prefix="x"
13
StartObject
Type=StackPanel
StartMember
Member= UIElementCol
lection
GetObject
null
StartMember
Member=_Items, XamlDirective
List<Object>
StartObject
Type=Button
StartMember
Member=Name String
11
Value
Value="okButton"
11
EndMember
null
11
StartMember
Member=Click RoutedEventHander 4
(IsEvent=true)
27
Value
Value="okButton_Click"
27
EndMember
null
27
StartMember
Member=Content Object
54
Value
Value="OK"
54
EndMember
null
54
EndObject
null
54
StartObject
Type=Button
StartMember
Member=Name, XamlDirective
String
11
85
XAML
XamlNodeType
Value
Value="cancelButton"
11
EndMember
null
11
StartMember
Member=Content Object
41
Value
Value="Cancel"
41
EndMember
null
41
EndObject
null
41
StartObject
Type=ListBox
StartMember
Member=Items ItemCollection
GetObject
null
StartMember
Member=_Items, XamlDirective
List<Object>
StartObject
Type=ListBoxItem
StartMember Member=Content Object
18
Value
Value="Item 1"
18
EndMember
null
18
EndObject
null
StartObject
Type=ListBoxItem
26
Value
Value="Item 2"
26
EndMember
null
26
EndObject
null
26
StartObject
Type=ListBoxItem
10
11
Value
Value="Item 3"
13
EndMember
null
13
EndObject
null
14
EndMember
null
15
EndObject
null
15
EndMember
null
15
EndObject
null
15
EndMember
null
16
EndObject
null
16
EndMember
null
16
EndObject
null
16
86
2. XAML
, ListBoxItem .2.1
, Button,
Name Button XAML
x:Name. ( XamlMember XamlDirective,
IsDirective true.)
, GetObject, EndMember EndObject
;
. -
XAML
, / .

(http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/
markup-compatibility/2006, mc)
Ignorable, XAML
/ ,
.NET. (
ProcessContent, Ignorable
.)
Expression Blend
XAML- ,
. . :
<StackPanel xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/client/2007"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="100" d:DesignHeight="100">
...
</StackPanel>
mc:Ignorable ,
, mc:ProcessContent ,
.
XamlXmlReader ,
, .
, .

.

XAMLPAD2009 XAML ,
. XAML-,
WPF
XAML. , .
XAML
87
, ,
, XamlObjectWriter , ,
: Failed to create a 'Click' from the text 'button_Click'.
, XamlObjectWriter RootObjectInstance,

,
XAML . ,
x:Class, XAML-
.
Window Page. 7
, , Window
, XAMLPAD2009

.
(, , Window,
), XAML
.
2.3 ,
XAML-
.
2.3. XAML-

public static object ConvertXmlStringToMorphedObjectGraph(string xmlString)
{
{
//
{
// x:Class
if (reader.NodeType == XamlNodeType.StartMember &&
reader.Member.IsEvent || reader.Member == XamlLanguage.Class)
{
reader.Skip();
}
if (reader.NodeType == XamlNodeType.StartObject &&
reader.Type.UnderlyingType == typeof(Window))
{
// Window Page
writer.WriteStartObject(new XamlType(typeof(Page),
reader.SchemaContext));
}
88
2. XAML
else
{
//
}
}
// XamlObjectWriter
//
}
}
2.3 - (IsEvent = true) x:Class

Skip XamlReader. ( x:Class
System.Xaml.XamlLanguage,
XamlDirective XamlType
, ; .)
StartObject StartMember, Skip
, EndObject/
EndMember ( /, ).
, Skip
Read: .
Window Page StartObject.
, EndObject ,
. EndObject Window
EndObject Page. Window
Page ,
Window . ,
, Page
Window, .
2.1 2.3 Xaml
ObjectWriter.Result . ,
EndObject XamlObjectWriter.Result
.
EndObject , Re
sult .
XML
WPF- XAML- XML
. XamlObjectReader
WPF-, 2.4 , XML
, XamlObjectReader XamlObject
Writer. XAML,
XML-,
.
XAML
89
2.4. XAML, XML

public static string RewriteXaml(string xmlString)
{
using (XamlXmlReader reader = new XamlXmlReader(textReader))
// TextWriter -> XmlWriter -> XamlXmlWriter
using (StringWriter textWriter = new StringWriter())
using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(textWriter,
new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true, OmitXmlDeclaration = true }))
using (XamlXmlWriter writer = new XamlXmlWriter(xmlWriter,
reader.SchemaContext))
{
//
{
}
return textWriter.ToString();
}
}

. XamlXmlReader ,
, XamlXmlWriter System.IO.StringWriter. (Xml
Writer StringBuilder.)
XmlWriter (
), XML-
(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>).
,
XamlXmlWriter StringWriter (
TextWriter), XmlWriter.
// TextWriter -> XamlXmlWriter
using (XamlXmlWriter writer = new XamlXmlWriter(textWriter,
reader.SchemaContext))
{
...
}
XamlServices
,
XAML
, System.Xaml.Xaml
Services, :
Load ,
, Stream, TextReader, XmlReader XamlReader.
90
2. XAML
,
XamlReader.Load. Load
XamlXmlReader XamlObjectWriter, 2.1.
Parse Load, Parse ,
XAML- .
StringReader, XmlReader XamlXmlReader,
Load. , Parse
ConvertXmlStringToObjectGraph,
2.1.
Save ,
, , Stream, TextWri
ter, XmlWriter XamlWriter
. Save XamlObjectReader
XamlXmlWriter ( XamlWriter).
Indent OmitXmlDeclaration XamlWriter
true, 2.4.
Transform ,
, .
XamlServices.Transform ,
.
,
(IXamlLineInfo
IXamlLineInfoConsumer ). , Transform
:
public static void Transform(XamlReader reader, XamlWriter writer)
{
IXamlLineInfo producer = reader as IXamlLineInfo;
IXamlLineInfoConsumer consumer = writer as IXamlLineInfoConsumer;
bool transferLineInfo = (producer != null && producer.HasLineInfo &&
consumer != null && consumer.ShouldProvideLineInfo);
//
{
//
if (transferLineInfo && producer.LineNumber > 0)
consumer.SetLineInfo(producer.LineNumber, producer.LinePosition);
}
}
, 2.1
( ), XamlServices.Transform,
2.5. , ConvertXmlStringToObjectGraph
, XamlServices.Parse.
XAML
2.5. 2.1
public static object ConvertXmlStringToObjectGraph(string xmlString)
{
{
//
XamlServices.Transform(reader, writer);

// XamlObjectWriter
//
}
}

XamlServices WPF XAML!
, , XamlServices.Parse XamlServices.Save
XAML 2.4
, :
public static string RewriteXaml(string xmlString)
{
return XamlServices.Save(XamlServices.Parse(xmlString));
}
,
XamlXmlReader, XamlObjectWriter (
XamlServices.Parse),
XamlObjectReader
XmlWriter XamlXmlWriter.
.
XAML,
x:Class.
, , XamlObject
Writer WPF-.
XamlReader XamlWriter:
return System.Windows.Markup.XamlWriter.Save(
System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.Parse(xmlString));
, :
using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(textWriter,
91
92
2. XAML
new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true, OmitXmlDeclaration = true }))

{
System.Windows.Markup.XamlWriter.Save(
System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader.Parse(xmlString), xmlWriter);
return textWriter.ToString();
}
,
XAML- .
Microsoft XAML Toolkit ( http://code.msdn.

microsoft.com/XAML),
System.Xaml, ,
XAML FxCop XAML.
XAML DOM API, LINQ,
XAML-
, .
: SilverlightSchemaContext Silver
light XAML UISchemaContext, WPF
XAML Silverlight XAML.
XAML
XAML (http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml)
,
XAML.
,
, .
(Key, Name, Class, Subclass Code), .2.2 .
x,
XAML .

, W3C
XAML
, XML
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): xml:space
xml:lang .
xml XML http://www.
w3.org/XML/1998/namespace.
93
XAML
2.2. XAML
x

x:AsyncRecords
2006+

XAML
X:Arguments
2009
(
,
),

.
x:FactoryMethod
()

X:Boolean
2009
System.
Boolean
X:Byte
2009
System.
Byte
x:Char
2009
System.
Char
x:Class
2006+
x:ClassAttributes 2009
,
x:Class

,
.

.NET
WPF;
,
Windows Workflow Foun
dation
x:ClassModifier
2006+
,
x:Class
,
x:Class (
).

(
public internal #)
x:Code
2006+
XAML,
x:Class
,
,
x:Class.
x:ConnectionId
2006+
x:Decimal
2009
System.Decimal
x:Double
2009
System.Double
94
2. XAML
2.2 ()

x:FactoryMethod
2009
x:FieldModifier
2006+
,
x:Name (
)
,

( internal).
x:ClassModifier,

(,
public, private, #)
x:Int16
2009
System.Int16
x:Int32
2009
System.Int32
x:Int64
2009
System.Int64
x:Key
, 2006+

IDictionary
x:Members
WPF 2009
XAML

,
x:Class
x:Name
2006+
,

x:Class
,
,

x:Object
System.Object
x:Property
WPF 2009
XAML

x:Members
x:Shared
2006+
ResourceDictionary,

XAML

false

(.
12)
x:Single
2009
System.Single
x:String
2009
System.String
x:Subclass
2006+
,
x:Class
2009
,
x:Class,
,
XAML.

95
XAML

.NET (
,
)
x:SynchronousMode 2006+
,
XAML
x:TimeSpan
2009
System.TimeSpan
x:TypeArguments
XAML2009
,
XAML2006
,

x:Class
2006+

( List<T>),

(, List<Int32>
List<String>).

.
,

,

XML
x:Uid
2006+

(.
12)
x:Uri
System.Uri
x:XData
, 2006+

IXml
Serializable
2009

XML,

XAML (. 13)
.2.3 XAML,
,
( .NET System.Windows.
Markup). Extension ,
.
2.3. XAML
, x

x:Array
.NET. x:Array
. x:Type,

x:Null
null
96
2. XAML
2.3 ()
x:Reference
.
,
x:Static
, ,
, .
XAML ,
. Member
XML,

x:Type
System.Type , typeof
#. TypeName
XML,

, XAML WPF,

XAML # . ,
,
.
, ,
! ( , ,
Parse, ,
.)
, ,
XAML (, null
), ,
.
XAML ,
.
WPF , , ,
API WPF ,
XAML. , WPF
(
, ), WPF-
, , , Win
dows Forms. XAML ,
,
WPF ,
XAML (, ),
(, ,
).
97
,
WPF , XAML, ,
XML .

.
1: XML ,

. XML-,
. , IntelliSense ,

! XML

(, XAML
),
.
, WPF
, 3D- .. XAML
. XAML
-
,
,
. , XAML API
WPF ,
.
HTML .
2: , XML,
XML ,
. WPF-
,
?
WPF XML BAML,

. BAML ,
XAML, . ,
XML
, , XML .
3.
WPF
I
, WPF,
.NET . -
WPF ,
. ,

WPF.

(, ),
(, ).

About
().

, WPF,
,
. WPF
, , . .3.1
12 .
Object , .NET,
,
WPF.
DispatcherObject , ,
, .
WPF DispatcherObject , ,
. Dispatcher
99
WPF
Win32, 7.
DependencyObject , ,
;
.
Freezable ,
, ,
.
, , Dis
patcherObject. ,
, .
Freezable : ,
, .
Visual ,
. 15
.
UIElement
, ,
. 5
6 : , ,
.
Visual3D ,
. 16 .
UIElement3D
, .
16.
Object
DispatcherObject
DependencyObject
Freezable
Visual
Visual3D
UIElement
UIElement3D
FrameworkElement
ContentElement
FrameworkContentElement
Control
2D
3D
.3.1. , WPF
Documents
100
3. WPF
ContentElement , UIElement,
,
.
ContentElement , ,
Visual. Content
Element Visual (
, ).
FrameworkElement , ,
, ,
Windows,
.
FrameworkContentElement FrameworkElement .
11 ,
.
Control
, Button, ListBox StatusBar. Control
FrameworkElement , Foreground, Back
ground FontSize, .
WPF III.

, UIElement FrameworkElement, Content
Element FrameworkContentElement. UIElement FrameworkElement
ContentElement FrameworkContentElement ,
WPF UIElement ContentElement.

XAML
. WPF
,
.
3.1
About (),
Window. Window StackPanel (. 5),

StackPanel, Button.
3.1. About XAML
Title="About WPF 4 Unleashed" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
Background="OrangeRed">
<StackPanel>
<Label FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="20" Foreground="White">
WPF 4 Unleashed
</Label>
101

<Label> 2010 SAMS Publishing</Label>
<Label>Installed Chapters:</Label>
<ListBox>
<ListBoxItem>Chapter 1</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
<Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10">Help</Button>
<Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10">OK</Button>
</StackPanel>
<StatusBar>You have successfully registered this product.</StatusBar>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
.3.2 , (
, 3.1 XAMLPAD2009,
), .3.3 .
.3.2. , 3.1
Window
StackPanel
Label
Label
Label
String
String
String
ListBox
StackPanel
ListBoxItem
ListBoxItem
Button
Button
String
String
String
String
.3.3. , 3.1
StatusBar
String
102
3. WPF
, WPF-,
XAML. 3.1
, .
,
? , WPF (,
, ..) .
,
,
, .
, 6.
WPF ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
. , ListBox ,

WPF-: Border, ScrollBar .
,
, System.Windows.Media.Visual System.Win
dows.Media.Visual3D. ( ,
3.1) ,
.
XAML, XamlPadX,
,
( ) , XAML-.
. 3.4 ,
3.1 Windows 7 Aero.
,
, ScrollBar
ListBox Border Label. , Button, La
bel ListBoxItem
Button Border ButtonChrome. (
,
, .
, Button Margin
10, Label 0.)
Border
ContentPresenter
TextBlock
Border
ContentPresenter
TextBlock
TextBlock
TextBlock
ScrollBar
ContentPresenter
ContentPresenter
Grid
ScrollBar
ButtonChrome
ButtonChrome
ListBoxItem
Border
ContentPresenter
TextBlock
ListBoxItem
Border
ContentPresenter
TextBlock
VirtualizingStackPanel
AdornerLayer
ScrollContentPresenter
Border
ScrollViewer
StackPanel
Button
ListBox
AdornerLayer
Button
ItemsPresenter
Rectangle
TextBlock
ContentPresenter
Border
Label
AdornerLayer
.3.4. 3.1;
Label
Label
StackPanel
ContentPresenter
AdornerDecorator
Border
Window
TextBlock
ContentPresenter
Border
StatusBarItem
DockPanel
ItemsPresenter
Border
StatusBar
103
104
3. WPF
WPF-,
. ,
WPF,
,
(. 14 , ,
) (. 15).
, ,
Button,
WPF . -
, , 14,
- .
,
( , , ),
,
Windows!

System.Windows.LogicalTreeHelper System.Windows.Media.
VisualTreeHelper. 3.2 3.1,

About
. ( ,
3.1 x:Class="AboutDialog" xmlns:x.)
3.2.
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Diagnostics;
System.Windows;
System.Windows.Media;
public partial class AboutDialog : Window

{
public AboutDialog()
{
PrintLogicalTree(0, this);
}
protected override void OnContentRendered(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnContentRendered(e);
PrintVisualTree(0, this);
}
105
void PrintLogicalTree(int depth, object obj)

{
// ,
//
Debug.WriteLine(new string(' ', depth) + obj);
//
// DependencyObject (, )
if (!(obj is DependencyObject)) return;
//
//
foreach (object child in LogicalTreeHelper.GetChildren(
obj as DependencyObject))
PrintLogicalTree(depth + 1, child);
}
void PrintVisualTree(int depth, DependencyObject obj)
{
// ,
//
Debug.WriteLine(new string(' ', depth) + obj);
//
//
for (int i = 0; i < VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(obj); i++)
PrintVisualTree(depth + 1, VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(obj, i));
}
}
depth, 0,
Window obj,
, .3.2 3.3.
,
Window. Print
VisualTree OnContentRendered,
.
, .3.4,
,
, .
, (?)
. , , Window
Border, AdornerDecorator, AdornerLayer, ContentPresenter
. StackPanel . 3.4
ContentPresenter, Visual
TreeHelper .
106
3. WPF

. , Visual
(VisualParent, VisualChildrenCount GetVisualChild)
. FrameworkElement,
, Button Label,
FrameworkContentElement Parent,
, LogicalChildren,
.
,
, Children.
, Button Label, Content
.
Visual Studio 2010

, Visual, .

WPF ;
, ,
, . ,
, ,
.NET, , ,
. , ,
, , , .
,
.
, , ,
, .. ,

.

.
WPF
. , Button 111 (
98 Control )!
XAML- (
) . ,
,
.
107

, ,
,
.NET :

.
WPF , .
,
. WPF, ,
!

.NET,
, WPF.
WPF API; .NET-
( XAML)
.
3.3 , Button
IsDefault.
3.3.
public class Button : ButtonBase
{
//
public static readonly DependencyProperty IsDefaultProperty;
static Button()
{
//
Button.IsDefaultProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("IsDefault",
typeof(bool), typeof(Button),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(false,
new PropertyChangedCallback(OnIsDefaultChanged)));
...
}
// .NET ()
public bool IsDefault
{
get { return (bool)GetValue(Button.IsDefaultProperty); }
set { SetValue(Button.IsDefaultProperty, value); }
}
108
3. WPF
// , ()
private static void OnIsDefaultChanged(
DependencyObject o, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) { ... }
...
}
IsDefaultProperty System.Windows.DependencyProperty
.
DependencyProperty , ,
Property.
, ,
XAML .
DependencyPro
perty.Register (IsDefault), (bool)
, (Button). (
Register) ,
, WPF ,
,
. Button Register
;
false ,
.
IsDefault.
GetValue SetValue, System.Windows.DependencyObject,
,
. GetValue , Set
Value, , SetValue ,
, . .NET IsDefault
( )
; Button
GetValue SetValue, .
.NET
, ,
XAML. WPF
GetValue SetValue.
, ,
.NET .
Visual Studio propdp,

. , !
109
.NET
XAML!
XAML , , WPF GetValue Set
Value!
XAML
- GetValue/SetValue. ,
. WPF
, , .
3.3
.
GetValue SetValue
, IsDefaultProperty (
),
, ,
.NET. WPF
( .NET),
-
. 111 ,
104 ..! 89 111
Button 82 104 Label
.
.
,
-
,
. ,
( Background
Button), FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.
AffectsRender DependencyProperty.
Register. ,
, .

WPF
.
, ,
.
,
110
3. WPF

.
, , ,
About 3.1
.
MouseEnter MouseLeave:
<Button MouseEnter="Button_MouseEnter" MouseLeave="Button_MouseLeave"
MinWidth="75" Margin="10">Help</Button>
<Button MouseEnter="Button_MouseEnter" MouseLeave="Button_MouseLeave"
MinWidth="75" Margin="10">OK</Button>
C#
:
// ,
void Button_MouseEnter(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
Button b = sender as Button;
if (b != null) b.Foreground = Brushes.Blue;
}
// ,
void Button_MouseLeave(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
Button b = sender as Button;
if (b != null) b.Foreground = Brushes.Black;
}

XAML. Trigger:
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Blue"/>
</Trigger>
IsMouseOver Button,
true Mouse
Enter false MouseLeave.
, , IsMouseOver
false, . WPF !
,
. , -
, Button.
Style,
14. ,
,
XML-:
111
<Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10">

<Button.Style>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
<Style.Triggers>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Blue"/>
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</Button.Style>
OK
</Button>
, WPF.
,
.NET ( );
14.
,
(. 6).
,
17 .
Triggers!
Triggers FrameworkElement TriggerBase (
)
, Button. , ,
, . ( ) .

(
) -
,
. 3.4 ,
3.1, Window
FontSize FontStyle. . 3.5
. (, SizeToContent
Window !)
112
3. WPF
.3.5. About, Window

FontSize FontStyle
3.4. About, Window

FontSize="30" FontStyle="Italic"
<StackPanel>
WPF 4 Unleashed
</Label>
<ListBox>
</ListBox>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Window>

. Button List
BoxItem, .
FontSize Label ,
FontSize 20, 30. ,
113
FontStyle Label, ListBoxItem Button,

.
, StatusBar
, StatusBar , , ,
.
.
.
(
FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.Inherits
DependencyProperty.Register.)

(. ).
.
, StatusBar, Menu ToolTip,

.
.
WPF-,

. , 3.4 Button
StatusBar, FontSize FontStyle
12 Normal , ,
, StatusBar.

, . , ,
XML (
XAML),
. ,
, ( Content Children) , Freezable.
,
, XAML
, .

WPF ,
.
,
114
3. WPF
,
. , , .
.3.6 , WPF
.

.
( )
.3.6.
1:

. ,
,
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
,
(9). (1)
DependencyObject.SetValue,
XAML (
,
Button.IsDefault). (10)
, ;
, .
, 14.
,
FontSize Font
Style StatusBar 3.4. StatusBar

(8). ,
(9),
115
,
StatusBar.
,
, Depen
dencyPropertyHelper.GetValueSource. ValueSource, : BaseValueSource, ( 1) IsExpression, IsAnimated
IsCoerced, 24.
StatusBar 3.1 3.4,
FontSize FontStyle, BaseValueSource DefaultStyle, , . (, , .
DefaultStyleTrigger.)
! WPF
, ,
. ,
WPF-.

, , ,
MouseEnter MouseLeave.
, MouseLeave
, Button .
Foreground (
), , .
WPF
,
. , DependencyObject
: ClearValue. C#
Button b:
b.ClearValue(Button.ForegroundProperty);
(Button.ForegroundProperty DependencyProperty.)
ClearValue WPF ,
.
, IsMouseOver, , . ,
, .
116
3. WPF
2:
, 1, (
, System.Windows.Expression), WPF

.
( 13).
3:
,
( ,
2) . , ( 17)

! WPF .
4:
, WPF
CoerceValueCallback,
.
, .
, WPF ProgressBar
Value
Minimum Maximum, Minimum,
Minimum, Maximum Maximum.
, CoerceValue
WPF .
5:
ValidateValueCallback,
.
true, , false .
false, WPF ,
.
WPF4 DependencyObject SetCurrentValue.

, . ( - .)
,
. , RadioButton IsChe
cked RadioButton ,
. WPF , , . , ,
. WPF4 RadioButton SetCurrentValue.
117

,
.
, WPF.
, About FontSize Font
Style Window ( 3.4),
StackPanel,
Button. StackPanel
, StackPanel ,
!
FontSize FontStyle, TextElement. 3.5
XAML,
.
(.3.7).
.3.7. About, FontSize FontStyle

StackPanel
3.5. About,
StackPanel
<StackPanel>
WPF 4 Unleashed
</Label>
<ListBox>
</ListBox>
118
3. WPF
<StackPanel TextElement.FontSize="30" TextElement.FontStyle="Italic"

Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
StackPanel TextElement.FontSize TextElement.

FontStyle ( FontSize FontStyle), StackPanel
. XAML
, , TextElement (
)
SetFontSize SetFontStyle,
. 3.5 StackPanel
C#:
StackPanel panel = new StackPanel();
TextElement.SetFontSize(panel, 30);
TextElement.SetFontStyle(panel, FontStyles.Italic);
panel.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
panel.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center;
Button helpButton = new Button();
helpButton.MinWidth = 75;
helpButton.Margin = new Thickness(10);
helpButton.Content = "Help";
Button okButton = new Button();
okButton.MinWidth = 75;
okButton.Margin = new Thickness(10);
okButton.Content = "OK";
panel.Children.Add(helpButton);
panel.Children.Add(okButton);
, , FontStyles.Italic, Orientation.
Horizontal HorizontalAlignment.Center, XAML-
Italic, Horizontal Center. Enum
Converter .NET Framework,
.
XAML- 3.5 FontSize
FontStyle StackPanel , C# ,
, ,
.
,
.NET !
SetFontSize
DependencyObject.SetValue,
, ,
DependencyObject:
119
public static void SetFontSize(DependencyObject element, double value)

{
element.SetValue(TextElement.FontSizeProperty, value);
}
GetXXX (
XXX ), Dependency
Object.GetValue:
public static double GetFontSize(DependencyObject element)
{
return (double)element.GetValue(TextElement.FontSizeProperty);
}
,
GetXXX SetXXX , GetValue
SetValue .

FontSize FontStyle
3.5 , Button Control,
FontSize FontStyle, , ,
TextElement ( TextBlock,
TextElement)!
, TextElement.FontSizeProperty Control.FontSizeProperty ( TextElement.FontStyleProperty
Control.FontStyleProperty)?
. TextElement
:
TextElement.FontSizeProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
"FontSize", typeof(double), typeof(TextElement),new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(
SystemFonts.MessageFontSize, FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.Inherits |
FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsRender |
FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.AffectsMeasure),
new ValidateValueCallback(TextElement.IsValidFontSize));

IsDefault Button , RegisterAttached ,
.
, Control FontSize
! AddOwner TextElement ,
:
120
3. WPF
Control.FontSizeProperty = TextElement.FontSizeProperty.AddOwner(
typeof(Control), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(SystemFonts.MessageFontSize,
FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.Inherits));
FontSize, FontStyle , ,
, TextElement!
, , ( GetXXX SetXXX), ,
, .

, Windows Forms,
WPF Tag ( System.Object), , . , DependencyObject. , ( WPF )!
:
XAML- SetXXX,
DependencyObject.
SetValue . ,
. ,
Button IsTextSearchEnabled,
ItemsControl, :
// Button
// true
okButton.SetValue(ItemsControl.IsTextSearchEnabledProperty, true);
Button , ,
.
. , Tag FrameworkElement , GeometryModel3D (
, 16,
Tag):
GeometryModel3D model = new GeometryModel3D();
model.SetValue(FrameworkElement.TagProperty, "my custom data");
WPF .
121
About
,

. (
WPF.)
Panel ,
.
Panel
, ,
.
,
Panel
. 5 21
.
,
.NET Framework WPF. WPF
.NET API, Windows
Forms, .
-
,
,
.
,
, , :
,
( )! ,
.
,

.
II
II.
WPF-
4 ,
5
6 : , ,
7
8 Windows 7
4.
WPF-
.
( )
, .
WPF .
- .
.
,
, ,
; ,
, .
, ,
, System.Windows.Cont
rols.Panel. , ( ,
), System.Windows.UIElement.
WPF ,
:
4 ,
5
21

, .
,
.4.1 ,
. , ,
126
4. ,
, , .
(
), , .
VerticalAlignment
HorizontalAlignment
Margin
Padding
Height
FlowDirection
Width
LayoutTransform
RenderTransform
.4.1. , ,

WPF ,
-.
, .

, (,
),
. WPF
, ,
, . (
Window, SizeToContent,
.)
.
Height Width
, FrameworkElement, Height (
) Width () ( double), MinHeight, MaxHeight, MinWidth Max
Width,
.
, XAML.
127
,
MinHeight MinWidth,
,
.
MaxHeight MaxWidth ( ,
).
Height Width,
, Min Max.
MinHeight MinWidth 0, MaxHeight MaxWidth Double.Positive
Infinity ( XAML "Infinity").
!
,
ContentControl, Button Label,
,
. ,
. ,
.

"Auto"
Height Width FrameworkElement
Double.NaN (NaN not a number ), ,
.
XAML- "NaN" ( )
"Auto" ( ),
LengthConverter, .
, ,
Double.IsNaN.
, FrameworkElement
, :
DesiredSize ( UIElement)
RenderSize ( UIElement)
ActualHeight ActualWidth
,
,
, . Desi
redSize
128
4. ,
( Width, Height, MinXXX MaxXXX) ,

. .
RenderSize
, ActualHeight ActualWidth ,
RenderSize.Height RenderSize.Width. :
,
,
.
, .
, , ,
. ,
Height Width , Double.NaN,
.
21 .
ActualHeight
ActualWidth ( RenderSize)!
RenderSize (, ActualHeight Actu
alWidth) . ,
, .
LayoutUpdated,
UIElement.
UIElement UpdateLayout,
,
. UpdateLayout
, ,
,
.
Margin Padding
Margin Padding .
Margin , FrameworkElement,
Padding ,
Control ( Border). , Margin
, Padding
.
System.Windows.Thickness; ,
, double.
4.1, Label
Padding Margin.
Border, . .4.2
129
, ,
Canvas ( ,
). , Margin ( Padding)
.
(Paddings):
(Margins):
.4.2. Margin Padding
4.1. Margin Padding ,



<Label Padding="0" Background="Orange">0</Label>
<Label Padding="10" Background="Orange">10</Label>

<Label Padding="20,5" Background="Orange">20,5</Label>

<Label Padding="0,10,20,30" Background="Orange">0,10,20,30</Label>

<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1">

<Label Background="Aqua">0</Label>
</Border>

<Label Margin="10" Background="Aqua">10</Label>
</Border>
130
4. ,

<Label Margin="20,5" Background="Aqua">20,5</Label>
</Border>

<Label Margin="0,10,20,30" Background="Aqua">0,10,20,30</Label>
</Border>
Label Padding 5,
. 4.1
Padding 0.
, (,
Margin, 0),
Padding .

Thickness
, Margin
Padding, , System.Windows.Thick
nessConverter, Thickness .
Thickness :
double, . , C#
:
myLabel.Margin = new Thickness(10);
// , Margin="10" XAML
myLabel.Margin = new Thickness(20,5,20,5); // , Margin="20,5" XAML
myLabel.Margin = new Thickness(0,10,20,30); // , Margin="0,10,20,30" XAML
,
!
FAQ
WPF?
LengthConverter, ,
, cm, pt, in px (
).
(, ,
) .
1/96
, (DPI). ,

, .
131
1/96 , ,
96 DPI
. ,
.
1 ,
, , !
, .

. ,
, .
Visibility
, Visibility (
UIElement) ,
. Visibility Boolean,
System.Windows.Visibility ,
:
Visible .
Collapsed .
Hidden , .
(Collapsed) , , ,
(Hidden) . (,
ActualHeight ActualWidth .)
Collapsed Hidden . 4.3,
StackPanel :
<StackPanel Height="100" Background="Aqua">
<Button Visibility="Collapsed">Collapsed Button</Button>
<Button>Below a Collapsed Button</Button>
</StackPanel>
StackPanel :
<StackPanel Height="100" Background="Aqua">
<Button Visibility="Hidden">Hidden Button</Button>
<Button>Below a Hidden Button</Button>
</StackPanel>
.4.3. ,
132
4. ,

(X,Y).
( ),
( ,
, ).
, Frame
workElement, .
, .
HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment
,
. ,
System.Windows:
HorizontalAlignment Left, Center, Right, Stretch
VerticalAlignment Top, Center, Bottom, Stretch
Stretch,
.
, HorizontalAlignment ,
Button StackPanel
:
<StackPanel>
<Button HorizontalAlignment="Left"
Background="Red">Left</Button>
<Button HorizontalAlignment="Center"
Background="Orange">Center</Button>
<Button HorizontalAlignment="Right"
Background="Yellow">Right</Button>
<Button HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
Background="Lime">Stretch</Button>
</StackPanel>
.4.4.
.4.4. HorizontalAlignment
StackPanel
133
, , . ,
VerticalAlignment StackPanel, . 4.4, , , , .

Stretch

(Stretch)
,
Height Width. MaxHeight MaxWidth
, , ,
. MinHeight MinWidth
, ,
. Stretch ,
, Center
( Left,
).

HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment, Control
HorizontalContentAlignment VerticalContentAlignment.
. (

, .)
, ,
, ,
, .
HorizontalContentAlignment Left, VerticalContentAlignment Top.
,
. (
,
. ,
, .)
.4.5 , Horizon
talContentAlignment.
XAML-:
<StackPanel>
<Button HorizontalContentAlignment="Left"
Background="Red">Left</Button>
<Button HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
Background="Orange">Center</Button>
134
4. ,
<Button HorizontalContentAlignment="Right"
Background="Yellow">Right</Button>
<Button HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch"
Background="Lime">Stretch</Button>
</StackPanel>
Button .4.5, HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch",

. TextBlock
, TextBlock Control (
FrameworkElement),
.
.4.5. HorizontalContentAlignment
StackPanel
FlowDirection
FlowDirection, FrameworkElement (
),
. ,
,
. System.
Windows.FlowDirection, : LeftToRight (
FrameworkElement) RightToLeft.
FlowDirection , ,
, RightToLeft.
,
. XAML ,
Top Left,
FlowDirection :
<StackPanel>
<Button FlowDirection="LeftToRight"
HorizontalContentAlignment="Left" VerticalContentAlignment="Top"
Height="40" Background="Red">LeftToRight</Button>
<Button FlowDirection="RightToLeft"
HorizontalContentAlignment="Left" VerticalContentAlignment="Top"
Height="40" Background="Orange">RightToLeft</Button>
</StackPanel>
.4.6.
135
.4.6. FlowDirection
Top Left
, FlowDirection
.
, .
,
, .
FlowDirection
( ).
.

WPF
( System.Windows.Media.Transform),

.
, .
FrameworkElement Transform,
:
LayoutTransform
RenderTransform ( UIElement)
( )
.4.7
RotateTransform LayoutTransform RenderTransform.
.
LayoutTransform, ,
RenderTransform, ,
.
UIElement RenderTransformOrigin,
(
). RotateTransform .4.7
, .
, LayoutTransform,
,
, .
136
4. ,
, LayoutTransform
, RenderTransform
.4.7. LayoutTransform
RenderTransform StackPanel
RenderTransformOrigin System.Windows.Point
(0,0). ,
.4.7. (0,1) , (1,0)
, (1,1) . ,
1, .
. , (0.5,0.5)
. . 4.8 ,
RenderTransformOrigin.
(0,0)
(0,1)
(1,0)
(1,1)
(0.5,0.5)
.4.8. RenderTransformOrigin,
, .4.7
System.Windows.PointConverter RenderTransform
Origin XAML , (
). , Button,
( .4.8):
<Button RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" Background="Orange">
<Button.RenderTransform>
<RotateTransform Angle="45"/>
</Button.RenderTransform>
Rotated 45
</Button>
137
, ,
. ,
.
,

.

, System.Windows.Media:
RotateTransform
ScaleTransform
SkewTransform
TranslateTransform
MatrixTransform
RotateTransform
RotateTransform,
,
double:
Angle ( 0)
CenterX ( 0)
CenterY ( 0)
(CenterX,CenterY), (0,0),
. CenterX CenterY ,
RenderTransform,
LayoutTransform
.
FAQ
CenterX CenterY
RotateTransform
RenderTransformOrigin UIElement?
, ,
UIElement, CenterX CenterY ,
,
RenderTransform.
CenterX CenterY ,
RenderTransformOrigin .
,
Width, 20, CenterX 20, CenterY 0, (1,0),
138
4. ,
RenderTransformOrigin. ,
RenderTransform (. ) CenterX CenterY
. ,
CenterX CenterY double
, RenderTransformOrigin Point.
RenderTransformOrigin, , ,
CenterX CenterY. ,
, (0.5,0.5),
RenderTransformOrigin, XAML.
CenterX CenterY ,
.
, RenderTransformOrigin
CenterX CenterY .
X Y
.
.4.7 4.8 , .4.9

, , RotateTransform
RenderTransform
Button TextBlock:
<Button Background="Orange">
<TextBlock RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5">
<TextBlock.RenderTransform>
</TextBlock.RenderTransform>
45
</TextBlock>
</Button>
, TextBlock Button .4.9

, ,
TextBlock .
,
(.4.10).
.4.9. RotateTransform
StackPanel
139
.4.10. TextBlock,
,
RotateTransform ,
,
.
ScaleTransform
ScaleTransform
, .
double:
ScaleX ( 1)
ScaleY ( 1)
CenterX (
0)
CenterY (
0)
ScaleX 0.5, ,
ScaleX 2, . CenterX CenterY
, RotateTransform.
4.2 ScaleTransform
Button StackPanel,
. .4.11 .
4.2. ScaleTransform StackPanel
<StackPanel Width="100">
<Button Background="Red">No Scaling</Button>
<Button Background="Orange">
<ScaleTransform ScaleX="2"/>
X</Button>
<Button Background="Yellow">
<ScaleTransform ScaleX="2" ScaleY="2"/>
X + Y</Button>
<Button Background="Lime">
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="2"/>
140
4. ,
Y</Button>
</StackPanel>
.4.11. , 4.2
.4.12 4.2,
CenterX CenterY.
. ,
, , CenterX 70.
, CenterX , ScaleX
1, CenterY ScaleY 1.
, ScaleTransform
.
.4.12. 4.2,

ScaleTransform Stretch
ScaleTransform LayoutTransform
, ,
,
, .
141
FAQ
, ScaleTransform,
ActualHeight ActualWidth FrameworkElement
RenderSize UIElement?
FrameworkElement
.
RenderTransform LayoutTransform. -

. , .4.11 4.12 ActualHeight, Actual
Width RenderSize .
, , . -
, ,
. , , ,
, .
, ,
.
FAQ
ScaleTransform Margin
Padding?
Padding (
), Margin .
ActualHeight ActualWidth, Padding
, .
SkewTransform
SkewTransform
double:
AngleX ( 0)
AngleY ( 0)
CenterX ( 0)
CenterY ( 0)

. .4.13 Skew
Transform RenderTransform ;
.
142
4. ,
.4.13. SkewTransform
StackPanel
TranslateTransform
TranslateTransform
double:
X ( 0)
Y ( 0)
TranslateTransform ,
LayoutTransform, RenderTransform
.
(, , ). ,
, ,

.
MatrixTransform
MatrixTransform
.
Matrix ( System.Windows.Media.Matrix),
33.
, ,
( ) MatrixTransform.
:
M11
M12
M21
M22
OffsetX
OffsetY
,
Matrix ( )
143
,
.

MatrixTransform
MatrixTransform ,
XAML . (
TransformConverter , Transform,
MatrixTransform.) ,
10 20 ,
:
<Button RenderTransform="1,0,0,1,10,20" />
: M11, M12, M21,

M22, OffsetX, OffsetY. 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0
( ),
TranslateTransform MatrixTransform, , ,
, OffsetX OffsetY
X Y TranslateTransform.
,
ScaleX ScaleY , ,
. ,
sin cos , .
,
XAML- , (
).

,
.
LayoutTransform RenderTransform.
MatrixTransform,
. , , Trans
formGroup.
TransformGroup Transform (
, ),
Transform.

Children, XAML :
<Button>
<TransformGroup>
144
4. ,
<ScaleTransform ScaleX="5" ScaleY="1"/>

<SkewTransform AngleX="30"/>
</TransformGroup>
OK
</Button>
.4.14 .
.4.14. , ,

WPF
TransformGroup,
(
MatrixTransform). ,
TransformGroup
. , RotateTransform 45,
90.
,
.
,
Win32, Windows Forms:
!

. StackPanel,
, .
145
FrameworkElement !
, WPF,
, LayoutTransform RenderTransform.
, HwndHost,
GDI- ( 19
). Frame, , ,
HTML- ( 9
), ,
HTML. ScaleTransform
, .
.4.15 , , StackPanel
Frame, - (
100100). ,
, .
.
StackPanel

StackPanel
.4.15. Frame, HTML,
ScaleTransform,
Canvas
StackPanel
WrapPanel
DockPanel
Grid

: ,
,
5.
,
,
. ,
, ,
, - ,
:
,
, , ,
(,
). , ,
( ),
.
1024600. Outlo
ok2010 , , Vi
sual Studio 2010, .
(6001024), Outlook 2010
, ( Visual Studio 2010)
. ( , Visual Studio,
, WPF, Outlook WPF.
,
, ,
.)
WPF ,
.
( System.Windows.Controls)
():
Canvas
StackPanel
Canvas
147
WrapPanel
DockPanel
Grid

.
( ,

) .
,
,
, Visual Studio. , WPF,
.
Canvas
Canvas () . ,
. Canvas

; ,
,
. Canvas
, .

: Left, Top, Right Bottom. Left Right,
,
.
Top Bottom. , ,
,
( Margin
).
( Double.NaN),
( Left Top
0). Canvas 5.1,
.5.1.
5.1. Canvas
Title="Buttons in a Canvas">
<Canvas>
<Button Background="Red">Left=0, Top=0</Button>
<Button Canvas.Left="18" Canvas.Top="18"
Background="Orange">Left=18, Top=18</Button>
<Button Canvas.Right="18" Canvas.Bottom="18"
Background="Yellow">Right=18, Bottom=18</Button>
<Button Canvas.Right="0" Canvas.Bottom="0"
Background="Lime">Right=0, Bottom=0</Button>
148
5.
<Button Canvas.Right="0" Canvas.Top="0"

Background="Aqua">Right=0, Top=0</Button>
<Button Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Bottom="0"
Background="Magenta">Left=0, Bottom=0</Button>
</Canvas>
</Window>
.5.1. Canvas 5.1
Canvas!
Canvas.Left Canvas.Right
.
Canvas.Top Canvas.Bottom Canvas.Bottom.
, .
.5.1 ,
,
Canvas.
5.1. Canvas

Canvas
Margin
. ,
( Top Left),

HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
.
,
LayoutTransform
. RenderTransform ,
LayoutTransform
Canvas
Canvas
149
Z- (,
) .
XAML .
, , ,
. , .5.1 ,
. ,
( , Canvas), ,
RenderTransform (
.4.7, 4.8, 4.11, 4.12 4.13 ).
Z- ,
ZIndex, Panel (
). ZIndex , 0;
( ).
ZIndex ,
ZIndex ,
.
ZIndex ,
, Canvas :
<Canvas>
<Button Canvas.ZIndex="1" Background="Red">On Top!</Button>
<Button Background="Orange">On Bottom with a Default ZIndex=0</Button>
</Canvas>
ZIndex,
Children
, .
, Z-
ZIndex. ,
,
. C# (
, redButton):
Panel.SetZIndex(redButton, 0);
Canvas
, .
,
. , Canvas

(. 15 ).
150
5.
StackPanel
StackPanel - .
, .
StackPanel,

. StackPanel
,
!

StackPanel
FlowDirection RightToLeft, StackPanel
,
, .

Orientation ( System.
Windows.Controls.Orientation), Horizontal
Vertical. Vertical. .5.2
, Background
Content, StackPanel
.
Vertical

Horizontal

.5.2. StackPanel
.5.2 ,
,
StackPanel.
151
StackPanel
5.2. StackPanel

StackPanel
Margin
. Margin
StackPanel,

HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
,
(
, ). Orient at i
on="Vertical", VerticalAlignment.
Orientation="Horizontal", Horizontal
Alignment
LayoutTransform
. RenderTransform ,
LayoutTransform ,
.
Stretch RotateTransform SkewTransform,
LayoutTransform,
, 90
LayoutTransform .5.2
. .5.3 , ,
,
,
. StackPanel,
, .
,
LayoutTransform; RenderTransform .
80
90
.5.3. 80, 90
LayoutTransform
152
5.

, System.Windows.Controls. Virtualizing
Panel. VirtualizingStackPanel,
, StackPanel,
, ( ).
VirtualizingStackPanel ,
- , ListBox
. TreeView,
10 .
DataGridCellsPanel DataGridRowsPresenter,
DataGrid (. 11 ,
).
WrapPanel
WrapPanel StackPanel.
,
.
, ,
, , Windows.
StackPanel, WrapPanel
. WrapPanel
, :
Orientation StackPanel ,
Horizontal.
, Win
dows: ,
, .
, Windows:
, ,
.
ItemHeight .
,
VerticalAlignment, Height . ,
ItemHeight, .
ItemWidth .
,
HorizontalAlignment, Width . ,
ItemWidth, .
ItemHeight ItemWidth (,
Double.NaN). WrapPanel
WrapPanel
153
,
,
, .
, .
WrapPanel
. Width (
) Height ( )
Double.MaxValue Double.PositiveInfinity. XAML
x:Static,
System.Double.
.5.4 Wrap
Panel ,
Window. . 5.5
. WrapPanel
ItemHeight/ItemWidth ,
, StackPanel.
.5.4. WrapPanel

.5.5. WrapPanel

.5.3 ,
, WrapPanel.
154
5.

WrapPanel
FlowDirection RightToLeft, WrapPanel
,
.
5.3. WrapPanel

WrapPanel
Margin
. , WrapPanel
,

HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
. ,
,
StackPanel.
, ItemHeight ItemWidth
,
LayoutTransform
. RenderTransform ,
LayoutTransform ,
, ItemHeight
ItemWidth ( ).
Stretch RotateTransform
SkewTransform, LayoutTransform,
, 90,
StackPanel
WrapPanel
Window,
. , 10.
DockPanel
DockPanel
, . ( Can
vas , ,
.) , DockPanel ,
, .
DockPanel Dock ( System.Win
dows.Controls.Dock),
. : Left (
DockPanel
155
, Dock ), Top, Right Bottom.

, Dock Fill, ,
. ,
,
DockPanel, LastChildFill false. LastChildFill
true ( ), Dock,
, . false,
( , Left).
.5.6 DockPanel (LastChildFill
true), :
<DockPanel>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Top" Background="Red">1 (Top)</Button>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Left" Background="Orange">2 (Left)</Button>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Right" Background="Yellow">3 (Right)</Button>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" Background="Lime">4 (Bottom)</Button>
<Button Background="Aqua">5</Button>
</DockPanel>
().
.5.6. DockPanel
StackPanel,
HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlign
ment. ,
DockPanel, . .5.7 ,
, , ,
HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment:
<DockPanel>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Right"
Background="Red">1 (Top, Align=Right)</Button>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Left" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
Background="Orange">2 (Left, Align=Bottom)</Button>
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Right" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
Background="Yellow">3 (Right, Align=Bottom)</Button>
156
5.
<Button DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Right"

Background="Lime">4 (Bottom, Align=Right)</Button>
<Button Background="Aqua">5</Button>
</DockPanel>
, ,
, .
.5.7. DockPanel
DockPanel
Window Page,
, . ,
(Menu),
- , (StatusBar).
.
,
,
. ( , ,
, .)
. 5.8 , . 5.6,
( ). ,
.
.5.8. DockPanel, , .5.6
157
DockPanel
DockPanel ,
. ,
. . 5.9
DockPanel ,
, .
.5.9.
, DockPanel StackPanel. Last

ChildFill false, DockPanel , Stack
Panel, ,
.
.5.4 ,
, DockPanel.
5.4. DockPanel

DockPanel
Margin
. Margin ,
,

HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
. StackPanel,
. , Dock
Left Right, Horizon
talAlignment, Top Bottom VerticalAlignment.
, ,
, HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment
LayoutTransform
. RenderTransform ,
LayoutTransform ,
. Stretch
RotateTransform SkewTransform,
LayoutTransform, ,
90, ,
(
)
158
5.
Grid
Grid () , ,
. ( Visual Studio Expression Blend Grid
.)
,
( WrapPanel). ,
. Grid
TABLE HTML.
WPF Table ( System.Windows.Documents),

, Grid. Table
Panel ( UIElement). , Framework
ContentElement,
11.

, Grid
, Visual Studio.
5.2 42,
Label GroupBox.
5.2. ,
Visual Studio
<Grid Background="LightBlue">

<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>

<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

<Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Background="Blue"Foreground="White"
HorizontalContentAlignment="Center">Start Page</Label>
<GroupBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Background="White"
Header="Recent Projects">...</GroupBox>
Grid
159

Header="Getting Started">...</GroupBox>
Header="Headlines">...</GroupBox>
Header="Online Articles">
<ListBox>
<ListBoxItem>Article #1</ListBoxItem>
</ListBox>
</GroupBox>
</Grid>
,
RowDefinition ColumnDefinition ,
RowDefinitions ColumnDefinitions. (
, ,
.)
Row Column, ,
0. ,
.
Grid.Row Grid.Column, 0.
, , ,
.
Z-.
Canvas, , ,
, .
.5.10 5.2.
.5.10.
Visual Studio
160
5.
: (Online articles)
. , , Start Page
. ,
Grid: RowSpan ColumnSpan.
RowSpan ColumnSpan 1,
, 1,
, . (
, ,
.) , Group
Box 5.2
Grid.RowSpan="3"
Label
Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
, .5.11.
.5.11. RowSpan ColumnSpan

Visual Studio
.5.11 ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
Height Width RowDefini
tion ColumnDefinition Auto,
. 5.2:

<RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
Grid
161
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/>

<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
, .5.12.
.5.12.

FAQ
Grid ,
HTML-?
,
, , ,
. ,
Rectangle,
Fill, . ,
Margin
. ,
, ( Stroke)
Border.
, Rectangle Border
(
ZIndex), Z-
.
162
5.
Grid ShowGridLines; true,

- .
, .
. 5.13 ShowGridLines="True" ,
.5.12.
.5.13. ShowGridLines Grid

FrameworkElement, Height Width
RowDefinition ColumnDefinition Auto ( Double.
NaN). , Height Width WPF,
System.Windows.GridLength, double. Grid
RowDefinition ColumnDefinition:
Height Width ,
(
Height Width WPF).
,
Grid
.
Height Width Auto (
),
, , (
Height Width WPF ).
,
. ,
,
- .
Grid
163
) Height
Width,
.
,
.
,
.
:
*,
.
* ,
.
* (, 2* 5.5*),

, ,
*. 2*
* ( , 1*)
. 5.5* 2.75*
.

,
. .5.14
.
*.
. 5.10 5.11
.
.5.14.
164
5.
FAQ
WPF
, HTML?
HTML
100%
HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment
Stretch. Grid
,
. , , 25% ,
* ,
3*.
WPF ,
, 100
. ,
(
), , HTML-
.

GridLength
System.Windows.GridLengthConverter "100",
"auto" "2*" GridLength. C# GridLength
.
GridUnitType, .
,
double (, 100):
GridLength length = new GridLength(100);
, GridUnitType:
GridLength length = new GridLength(100, GridUnitType.Pixel);
100 .
GridLength Double.NaN,
GridUnitType.Auto:
GridLength length = new GridLength(0, GridUnitType.Auto);
, , . ,
GridLength.Auto,
GridLength, ,
.
GridUnitType.Star:
GridLength length = new GridLength(2, GridUnitType.Star);
2* XAML. *,
1, GridUnitType.Star.
165
Grid
GridSplitter
Grid
(
, ).
GridSplitter .
Grid GridSplitter,
Grid.Row, Grid.Column, Grid.RowSpan /
Grid.ColumnSpan, . GridSplitter
.

: - .
,
, GridSplitter. . 5.5
, Grid
Splitter (
).
GridSplitter ,
( )
( ).
ColumnSpan RowSpan, .
5.5. , GridSplitter

HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
Left
Right
Center
Stretch
Top
Bottom
Center
Stretch
,
GridSplitter
,
, GridSplitter

166
5.
GridSplitter HorizontalAlignment Right,

VerticalAlignment Stretch,
. GridSplitter
, Stretch
.
, .5.5.

, GridSplitter
. ,

( ).
, .
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
GridSplitter, ,
: ResizeDirection ( Grid
ResizeDirection) ResizeBehavior ( GridResizeBehavior). Resi
zeDirection ( ) Auto,
Rows Columns, , ,
GridSplitter (
.5.5). ResizeBehavior ( )
BasedOnAlignment, ,
. 5.5. PreviousAndCurrent, CurrentAndNext
PreviousAndNext, ,
.
GridSplitter
.
. GridSplitter
, (
ZIndex), Z- !

RowDefinitions ColumnDefinitions SharedSizeGroup,
,
/ ,
(
, GridSplitter). SharedSizeGroup
( );
167
Grid
. ,
, .
,
.5.15; SharedSizeGroup :
<Grid>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<Label Grid.Column="0" Background="Red"
HorizontalContentAlignment="Center"
VerticalContentAlignment="Center">1
</Label>
<GridSplitter Grid.Column="0" Width="5"/>
<Label Grid.Column="1" Background="Orange"
</Label>
<Label Grid.Column="2" Background="Yellow"
</Label>
</Grid>
,
Label GridSplitter.
.
,
.
GridSplitter
GridSplitter

GridSplitter
.5.15. SharedSizeGroup
GridSplitter ,
Width ( Height )
.
168
5.
.5.16 , ,
SharedSizeGroup.

.
.
,
.
XAML- .
<Grid IsSharedSizeScope="True">
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" SharedSizeGroup="myGroup"/>
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="myGroup"/>
<Label Grid.Column="0" Background="Red"
</Label>
<GridSplitter Grid.Column="0" Width="5"/>
<Label Grid.Column="1" Background="Orange"
</Label>
<Label Grid.Column="2" Background="Yellow"
</Label>
</Grid>
GridSplitter
GridSplitter

GridSplitter
.5.16. , .5.15,
SharedSizeGroup
IsSharedSizeScope ,
!
(
), ,
SharedSizeGroup, ,
IsSharedSizeScope true.
Grid
169
Grid, ,
, , :
<StackPanel Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">
<Grid>... SharedSizeGroup...</Grid>
<WrapPanel>
</WrapPanel>
</StackPanel>
: , ,
, Visual Studio
SharedSizeGroup ,
.
Grid
Grid ,
, , .
, ,
, WrapPanel.
, .
, , .5.12,
, DockPanel StackPanel. DockPanel
, Label,
StackPanel (
GroupBox). GroupBox .
, Grid
, ,
, ,
Grid.
Canvas Grid

HorizontalAlignment VerticalAlignment,
Stretch,
, Canvas. HorizontalAlignment
Left VerticalAlignment Top Canvas.
Left Canvas.Top 0. HorizontalAlignment Right Ver
ticalAlignment Bottom Canvas.Right Can
vas.Bottom 0. , Margin
,
Canvas. Visual Studio,

.
170
5.
StackPanel Grid

, StackPanel,
.
,
,
.
DockPanel Grid
RowSpan ColumnSpan ,

DockPanel. . 5.12 Label, ,
.
.5.6 ,
, Grid.
5.6. Grid

DockPanel
Margin
. Margin ,

HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
. ,
, ,

.
,
LayoutTransform
. RenderTransform ,
LayoutTransform (
) Margin.
RenderTransform, ,
,
, Grid ,
, ,
StackPanel WrapPanel (
, 10). , DockPanel
Grid, ,
, ,
. ,

RowSpan ColumnSpan.
171

, .
WPF ,
, ,
(. 14 , , )
(. 20
). ,
, .
System.Windows.Controls.Primitives,
ToolBarTray, System.Windows.Controls.
TabPanel
TabPanel WrapPanel, ,
, , .
,
TabControl, .
WrapPanel,
. ,
, .
TabControl 10.
ToolBarPanel
ToolBarPanel, ToolBar,
StackPanel.
(. ) , (
ToolBar). ToolBar
10.
ToolBarOverflowPanel
ToolBarOverflowPanel WrapPanel,

. ToolBar
.
WrapPanel WrapWidth,
, Padding. ,
WrapPanel.
ToolBarTray
ToolBarTray ToolBar (
InvalidOperationException
). ToolBar (
172
5.
) ,
, ToolBar.
UniformGrid
UniformGrid , .
Grid,
*, . - UniformGrid
double, ,
RowDefinitions ColumnDefi
nitions. , ;
,
.
, (
), Uniform
Grid . ,
2 4, 22, 5 9
33, 10 16 44 .. .5.17 ,
UniformGrid, .
.5.17. UniformGrid
SelectiveScrollingGrid
SelectiveScrollingGrid Grid,
DataGridRow.
Grid ,
. Selective
ScrollingOrientation, :
None
Horizontal
Vertical
Both .

173

,
.
, , ,
, .
, , ,
. ListBox
, Window.
.
:

.
WrapPanel ( TabPanel Tool
BarOverflowPanel).
( 11).
.
TextBlock AccessText,
TextTrimming ( System.Windows.TextTrimming), None
( ), CharacterEllipsis WordEllipsis.
(),
.
,
, .
(,
DockPanel). ,
- .
, UIElement, ClipTo
Bounds, ,
. ,
Window Page, .
Window. (
7 .)
, ClipToBounds,

. Canvas UniformGrid
, ClipToBounds
true, .
174
5.
.5.18 , ClipToBounds
, Canvas ( ).
ClipToBounds="False"
ClipToBounds="True"
.5.18. ClipToBounds ,

, , ClipToBounds true,
Canvas ; Height Width 0,
, Canvas !
, Control,
ClipToBounds. , Button
ClipToBounds false. .5.19 , ,
true,
ScaleTransform (
RenderTransform).
ClipToBounds="False"
ClipToBounds="True"
.5.19. ClipToBounds
(, Button)
Canvas
. ,
Grid ,
Canvas ( ), Canvas Button.
, ,
, Grid, .

, ,
, RowSpan / ColumnSpan.
175

RenderTransform!
ScaleTransform
RenderTransform, ,
( , Window
Page). ScaleTransform RenderTransform
.
- , ,
,
! ,
RenderTransform .
Scale
Transform, LayoutTransform ,
.

, - . WPF
System.Windows.
Controls.ScrollViewer, . ScrollVie
wer ScrollBar,
, .
ScrollViewer Content,
- ,
. Content XAML,
, ,
:
<Window Title="Using ScrollViewer"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<ScrollViewer>
<StackPanel>
...
</StackPanel>
</ScrollViewer>
</Window>
.5.20 Window, StackPanel,

ScrollViewer .
ScrollBar ,
,
Page Up Page Down
Ctrl+Home Ctrl+End .
176
5.
.5.20. ScrollViewer ,

ScrollViewer
, VerticalScroll
BarVisibility HorizontalScrollBarVisibility.
ScrollBarVisibility, :
Visible , .
,
. ( , Disabled
ScrollBarVisibility.)
Auto ,
. .
Hidden , ,
.
.
Disabled ,
, ,
. ,
.
VerticalScrollBarVisibility Visible,
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility Auto,
.
ScrollViewer Hid
den Disabled . , .5.21
Window, ScrollViewer,
WrapPanel. ,
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility Hidden,
Disabled.
Hidden WrapPanel ,
( HorizontalScrollBarVisibility Visible Auto),
.
Disabled ,
177
Window, ,
ScrollViewer .
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Hidden"
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
.5.21. ,
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility
WrapPanel
3 WPF ,
ListBox ScrollViewer.
, VerticalScroll
BarVisibility HorizontalScrollBarVisibility
ScrollViewer:
<ListBox ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled">
...
</ListBox>

,

. , ,
. ,
.
.5.22 ,
( XAML
20). Canvas,
Window. ,
( Grid, Canvas).
, .
178
5.
.5.22. , ,

ScaleTransform
( ),

. ,
System.Windows.Controls.Viewbox
.
Viewbox ,
, .
Border, System.Windows.Controls.Decorator.
Viewbox ( )
, .
Stretch, ,
.
System.Windows.Media.Stretch
( .5.23, Viewbox
Canvas):
None . ,
Viewbox .
Fill ,
Viewbox.
.
Uniform ,
Viewbox . ,
Viewbox ,
.
.
UniformToFill ,
Viewbox . ,
Viewbox ,
.
, ,
,
179
. .5.23 Viewbox Window,

, ,
.
Stretch="None"
Stretch="Fill"
Stretch="Uniform"
Stretch="UniformToFill"
.5.23. Stretch
Viewbox
Viewbox , :
, .
StretchDirection, System.Windows.Controls.Stretch
Direction :
UpOnly , .
, Viewbox .
DownOnly , .
, Viewbox .
Both
Stretch.
.
,
. Window,
.5.20:
180
5.
<Window Title="Using ScrollViewer"

<ScrollViewer>
<StackPanel>
...
</StackPanel>
</ScrollViewer>
</Window>
ScrollViewer Viewbox ( ),
, .5.24:
<Window Title="Using Viewbox"
<Viewbox>
<StackPanel>
...
</StackPanel>
</Viewbox>
</Window>
, !
.5.24. StackPanel, .5.20,

Viewbox, ScrollViewer
Viewbox !
Viewbox , ,
,
WrapPanel. ,
, ,
( ). .5.25
WrapPanel,
.5.21, ScrollViewer Viewbox.
181
.5.25. WrapPanel, .5.21,

, ScrollViewer, Viewbox
,
, . Stretch
Direction UpOnly Both
. Viewbox
. UpOnly ,
- , .5.26.
.5.26. Viewbox, .5.25,

StretchDirection="UpOnly" ,
WrapPanel
HorizontalScrollBarVi
sibility="Hidden" .5.21 ,
, , .
182
5.
: ,
,
WPF ,
.
Visual Studio ,

. ,
, ,
. ,
, . .5.275.33

.
.5.27. ,

.5.28. Toolbox,
Toolbox, ,

: , ,
183
.5.29. ,

.5.30. Toolbox,
,
, Toolbox
.5.31. -
GridSplitter,

184
5.
.5.32. Solution Explorer,

Solution Explorer,
( Toolbox).
,

.5.33. Solution Explorer ,

. Toolbox ,
, , ,

,
.
( .5.33), , Grid
, , .
?
,
Grid GridSplitter.
.

, .

.
, (
: , ,
185
), SharedSizeGroup. .5.34
, .
0
,
Width=*
SharedSizeGroup #1
1
1
Width=*
Width=Auto
SharedSizeGroup #2
2
2
Width=*
Width=Auto
.5.34. Grid
, ,
( 0) , ,
, , .
1
2 Collapsed Visible.
, ( ,
, , 0).
, .
1
0 1. 0
186
5.
, 1.
, SharedSizeGroup,
1 .
2,
(0 1).
,
0
, . ,
, , .
( ?)
,
, . Z- 0
, Z- ,
.
5.3 XAML- , .5.27
5.33, .
, ( http://
informit.com/title/9780672331190).
5.3. VisualStudioLikePanes.xaml XAML-
, .5.275.33
<Window x:Class="MainWindow"
Title="Application with Collapsible, Dockable, Resizable Panes">
<DockPanel>
<Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top">
...
</Menu>

<StackPanel Name="buttonBar" Orientation="Horizontal" DockPanel.Dock="Right">
<StackPanel.LayoutTransform>
</StackPanel.LayoutTransform>
<Button Name="pane1Button" MouseEnter="pane1Button_MouseEnter">
Toolbox
</Button>
<Button Name="pane2Button" MouseEnter="pane2Button_MouseEnter">
Solution Explorer
</Button>
</StackPanel>

<Grid Name="parentGrid" Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">

<Grid Name="layer0" MouseEnter="layer0_MouseEnter">
: , ,
187
... ( , 5.2)
</Grid>

<Grid Name="layer1" Visibility="Collapsed">
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="column1" Width="auto"/>

<Grid Grid.Column="1" MouseEnter="pane1_MouseEnter"
Background="{DynamicResource
{x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionBrushKey}}">
<RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
<RowDefinition/>

<DockPanel Grid.Row="0">
<Button Name="pane1Pin" Width="26" DockPanel.Dock="Right"
Click="pane1Pin_Click" Background="White">
<Image Name="pane1PinImage" Source="pinHorizontal.gif"/>
</Button>
<TextBlock Padding="8" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
Foreground="{DynamicResource
{x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionTextBrushKey}}"
DockPanel.Dock="Left">Toolbox</TextBlock>
</DockPanel>
... ( 1)
</Grid>
<GridSplitter Width="5" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
</Grid>

<Grid Name="layer2" Visibility="Collapsed">
<ColumnDefinition/>
<ColumnDefinition SharedSizeGroup="column2" Width="auto"/>

<Grid Grid.Column="1" MouseEnter="pane2_MouseEnter"
Background="{DynamicResource
{x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionBrushKey}}">
<RowDefinition/>
188
5.

<DockPanel Grid.Row="0">
<Button Name="pane2Pin" Width="26" DockPanel.Dock="Right"
Click="pane2Pin_Click" Background="White">
<Image Name="pane2PinImage" Source="pinHorizontal.gif"/>
</Button>
<TextBlock Padding="8" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
Foreground="{DynamicResource
{x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionTextBrushKey}}"
DockPanel.Dock="Left">Solution Explorer
</TextBlock>
</DockPanel>
... ( 1)
</Grid>
<GridSplitter Width="5" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Left"/>
</Grid>
</Grid>
</DockPanel>
</Window>
Window DockPanel,
, StackPanel, (
90 RotateTransform), ,
, . , Menu
DockPanel , StackPanel,
.
- ,
.
GridSplitter ,
.
Label, TextBlock,
TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis",
,
. .
5.4 C#,
5.3.
5.4. VisualStudioLikePanes.xaml.cs C#-
, .5.275.33
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
System.Windows.Controls;
System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
public partial class MainWindow : Window

{
// 0 1:
ColumnDefinition column1CloneForLayer0;
: , ,
public MainWindow()
{
// , ,
//
column1CloneForLayer0 = new ColumnDefinition();
column1CloneForLayer0.SharedSizeGroup = "column1";
}
// : / ( 1)
public void pane1Pin_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (pane1Button.Visibility == Visibility.Collapsed)
UndockPane(1);
else
DockPane(1);
}
// : / ( 2)
public void pane2Pin_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
UndockPane(2);
else
DockPane(2);
}
// 1,
public void pane1Button_MouseEnter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
layer1.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
// Z-, :
Grid.SetZIndex(layer1, 1);
// ,
if (pane2Button.Visibility == Visibility.Visible)
layer2.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
}
// 2,
public void pane2Button_MouseEnter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
189
190
5.
{
// Z-, :
// ,
}
// ,
// 0
public void layer0_MouseEnter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
}
// , ,
// 1
public void pane1_MouseEnter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// ,
}
// , ,
// 2
public void pane2_MouseEnter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// ,
}
// ,
//
public void DockPane(int paneNumber)
{
if (paneNumber == 1)
{
pane1Button.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
pane1PinImage.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri("pin.gif",
UriKind.Relative));
// 0:
: , ,
layer0.ColumnDefinitions.Add(column1CloneForLayer0);
// 1,
// 2 :
}
else if (paneNumber == 2)
{
pane2Button.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
pane2PinImage.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri("pin.gif",
UriKind.Relative));
// 0:
// 1,
// 1 :
}
}
// ,
//
public void UndockPane(int paneNumber)
{
if (paneNumber == 1)
{
pane1Button.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
pane1PinImage.Source = new BitmapImage
(new Uri("pinHorizontal.gif", UriKind.Relative));
// 0 1:
layer0.ColumnDefinitions.Remove(column1CloneForLayer0);
// , Remove
// :
}
else if (paneNumber == 2)
{
pane2Button.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
pane2PinImage.Source = new BitmapImage
(new Uri("pinHorizontal.gif", UriKind.Relative));
// 0 1:
191
192
5.
// , Remove
// :
}
}
}
C# . ,
,
.
, , ,
, ,
. , StackPanel
,
.
5.4 ( ),

.
, ,
.
,
.
Grid WPF
.
WPF ,
.
,
.
: , ,

6.
, , WPF,
.
WPF
.
: , , .

3 WPF ,
WPF
.NET. WPF
.
.

,
.

( )
WPF. ,
Button Click
MouseLeftButtonDown KeyDown.
, ,
ButtonChrome
TextBlock.
, Button
. Stop,
(. 2 XAML),
194 6. : , ,
, Rectangle.
, Button
. (,
Rectangle
Button, .)
, , Button,
( , 14
, , ),

Click .
,
.

. ,
, ,
.
About
3.

.NET.
, .NET- ( XAML) ,
.
WPF.
6.1 Click
Button. ( Click
Button, .)
,
DependencyProperty
Property.
RoutedEvent
Event. , ,
,
.NET ,
XAML-
.
, ,
AddHandler RemoveHandler.
6.1.
public class Button : ButtonBase
{
//
public static readonly RoutedEvent ClickEvent;
195
static Button()
{
//
Button.ClickEvent = EventManager.RegisterRoutedEvent("Click",
RoutingStrategy.Bubble, typeof(RoutedEventHandler), typeof(Button));
...
}
// .NET ()
public event RoutedEventHandler Click
{
add { AddHandler(Button.ClickEvent, value); }
remove { RemoveHandler(Button.ClickEvent, value); }
}
protected override void OnMouseLeftButtonDown(MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
...
//
RaiseEvent(new RoutedEventArgs(Button.ClickEvent, this));
...
}
...
}
AddHandler RemoveHandler DependencyObject,

UIElement.
. OnMouseLeftButtonDown
RaiseEvent ( UIElement),
RoutedEvent, Click.
Button (this).
, Click
KeyDown,
Enter.

. RoutingStrategy:
Tunneling ,
, ,
(
).
Bubbling -,
,
, (
).
196 6. : , ,
Direct -.
.NET; ,
,
.
,
.NET:
System.Object, sender, (
e) , System.EventArgs.
sender ,
. e RoutedEventArgs
( ) EventArgs,
:
Source ,
.
OriginalSource ,
(, Button
TextBlock ButtonChrome).
Handled , true
, .
.
RoutedEvent (, Button.
ClickEvent),
,
.
Source OriginalSource
, . ,
,
.
(, Click
), Source OriginalSource
.

UIElement
, , .
, .
,
Preview.
. ,
PreviewMouseMove
MouseMove.
, , ,
,
. WPF
197
(
),
, (preview
). , ,
TextBox, ,
(,
). KeyDown,
, , ,
TextBox. PreviewKeyDown,
,
KeyDown.
TextBox KeyDown
.
,
6.2 About 3
Window MouseRightButtonDown. 6.3
C#.
6.2. About

x:Class="AboutDialog"
MouseRightButtonDown="AboutDialog_MouseRightButtonDown"
<StackPanel>
WPF 4 Unleashed
</Label>
<ListBox>
</ListBox>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
6.3. 6.2
using
using
using
using
System.Windows;
System.Windows.Input;
198 6. : , ,
{
{
}
void AboutDialog_MouseRightButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
//
this.Title = "Source = " + e.Source.GetType().Name + ", OriginalSource = " +
e.OriginalSource.GetType().Name + " @ " + e.Timestamp;
// Control
Control source = e.Source as Control;
// -
if (source.BorderThickness != new Thickness(5))
{
source.BorderThickness = new Thickness(5);
source.BorderBrush = Brushes.Black;
}
else
source.BorderThickness = new Thickness(0);
}
}
MouseRightButtonDown Window,
:
( )
,
. .6.1. ,
Label Source , OriginalSource
TextBlock.
.6.1. About

199

, :
Window MouseRightButtonDown,
ListBoxItem. , ListBoxItem
, MouseLeftButtonDown ( ),
.
Window MouseRightButtonDown Button,
.
Button,
.3.3. Window, Label, ListBox, ListBox
Item StatusBar, Button Border.

!
true Handled RoutedEventArgs

, , ,
,
!
AddHandler,
handledEventsToo.
, 6.2
AddHandler AboutDialog:
{
this.AddHandler(Window.MouseRightButtonDownEvent,
new MouseButtonEventHandler(AboutDialog_MouseRightButtonDown), true);
}
true, AboutDia
log_MouseRightButtonDown
ListBoxItem !
,
, , - .
Preview- .
,
.
, ,
.
200 6. : , ,

, .
WPF
, !
.
,
(

). 6.4 About,
Window Selec
tionChanged, ListBox, Click,
Button. Window
SelectionChanged Click,
, ,
. 6.5 ,
.
MessageBox , .
6.4. About

ListBox.SelectionChanged="ListBox_SelectionChanged"
Button.Click="Button_Click"
Title="About WPF Unleashed" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
<StackPanel>
WPF 4 Unleashed
</Label>
<ListBox>
</ListBox>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"
HorizontalAlignment="Center">
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
201
6.5. 6.4
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
{
{
}
void ListBox_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.AddedItems.Count > 0)
MessageBox.Show("You just selected " + e.AddedItems[0]);
}
void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("You just clicked " + e.Source);
}
}
.
, 6.4,
, XAML .NET SelectionChanged,
ListBox, .NET Click, Button.
AddHandler,
Window.
Window:
{
this.AddHandler(ListBox.SelectionChangedEvent,
new SelectionChangedEventHandler(ListBox_SelectionChanged));
this.AddHandler(Button.ClickEvent, new RoutedEventHandler(Button_Click));
}

,
.
RoutedEvent, , ,
RoutedEventArgs (
, KeyEventArgs, MouseButtonEventArgs ..),
.
202 6. : , ,
, 6.5 ,
ListBox.SelectionChanged Button.Click GenericHandler:
void GenericHandler(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.RoutedEvent == Button.ClickEvent)
{
MessageBox.Show("You just clicked " + e.Source);
}
else if (e.RoutedEvent == ListBox.SelectionChangedEvent)
{
SelectionChangedEventArgs sce = (SelectionChangedEventArgs)e;
if (sce.AddedItems.Count > 0)
MessageBox.Show("You just selected " + sce.AddedItems[0]);
}
}
.NET Framework
, ,
(,
RoutedEventArgs SelectionChangedEventArgs). GenericHandler
RoutedEventArgs ,
, SelectionChanged.

, UIEle
ment, KeyDown KeyUp
PreviewKeyDown PreviewKeyUp.
KeyEventArgs, ,
:
Key, ImeProcessedKey, DeadCharProcessedKey, SystemKey ,
Key,
. Key ,
.
(Input Method Editor IME),
ImeProcessedKey.
, Key DeadCharProcessed,
DeadCharProcessedKey.
, Alt, Key System,
SystemKey.
IsUp, IsDown, IsToggled ,
,
. ( KeyDown, ,
!) IsToggled
, Caps Lock Scroll Lock.
203
,

System.Windows.Input PrimaryDevice ( Keyboard
Device).
KeyStates KeyStates, ,
None, Down Toggled.

IsUp, IsDown IsToggled . Togg
led Down, Key
States .
IsXXX.
IsRepeat , true,
. , ,
KeyDown. IsRepeat
true KeyDown, .
KeyboardDevice KeyboardDevice,
, ,
, .
KeyboardDevice
Modifiers ModifierKeys ( ). ,
.
: None, Alt, Control, Shift Windows. ,
,
. ,
, Alt A,
Alt+Shift+A, Alt+Ctrl+A ..:
protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e)
{
if ((e.KeyboardDevice.Modifiers & ModifierKeys.Alt) ==
ModifierKeys.Alt && (e.Key == Key.A || e.SystemKey == Key.A))
{
// Alt+A, , Ctrl, Shift Windows
}
base.OnKeyDown(e);
}
, Alt+A
- :
{
if (e.KeyboardDevice.Modifiers == ModifierKeys.Alt
&& (e.Key == Key.A || e.SystemKey == Key.A))
{
204 6. : , ,
// Alt+A Alt+A
}
base.OnKeyDown(e);
}
FAQ
, Alt, Ctrl Shift : ?
Key : LeftAlt RightAlt, LeftCtrl
RightCtrl, LeftShift RightShift. Alt
, System, ,
Alt . ,
IsKeyDown KeyboardDevice ( IsKeyUp IsKeyToggled),
, Alt.
[]Alt+A:
{
if (e.KeyboardDevice.Modifiers == ModifierKeys.Alt
&& (e.Key == Key.A || e.SystemKey == Key.A)
&& e.KeyboardDevice.IsKeyDown(Key.LeftAlt))
{
// LeftAlt+A
}
base.OnKeyDown(e);
}
,
, .
( ,
WPF, 19
.) UIElement ,
. , ,
Focusable, true.
FocusableChanged.
UIElement ,
. IsKeyboardFocused,
, , IsKeyboardFo
cusWithin, ,
, . ( ;
, Focus MoveFocus.)
IsKeyboardFocusedChanged, IsKey
boardFocusWithinChanged, GotKeyboardFocus, LostKeyboardFocus, PreviewGotKeyboard
Focus PreviewLostKeyboardFocus.
205

UIElement :
MouseEnter MouseLeave
MouseMove PreviewMouseMove
MouseLeftButtonDown, MouseRightButtonDown, MouseLeftButtonUp, MouseRightBut
tonUp MouseDown MouseUp, Preview-
MouseWheel PreviewMouseWheel
MouseEnter MouseLeave
, Is
MouseOver.
UIElement IsMouseDirectlyOver (
IsMouseDirectlyOverChanged),
. ,
, .
FAQ
?
MouseDown
MouseUp ( Preview-). EventArgs,
, , ,
: LeftButton, RightButton, MiddleButton, XButton1 XButton2.
, (
, ),
false IsHitTestVisible.
, null- !
, IsHitTestVisible
false , ,
, . Visibility
Collapsed, ,
Opacity 0 .
, Background, Fill Stroke null.
206 6. : , ,
. ,
Background, Fill Stroke Transparent (
), . (null (Transparent) ,
.)
MouseEventArgs
( IsMouseDirectly
OverChanged) MouseEventArgs.
MouseButtonState,
: LeftButton, RightButton, MiddleButton, XBut
ton1 XButton2. MouseButtonState : Pres
sed Released. MouseEventArgs GetPosition,
Point X Y,
.
GetPosition , ,
:

UIElement. ,
null.

.
MouseWheel PreviewMouseWheel
MouseWheelEventArgs, MouseEventArgs.
Delta, ,
. 12
MouseUp/MouseDown MouseButtonEventArgs,
MouseEventArgs. ChangedButton,
, (
MouseButton); ButtonState, ,
; ClickCount.
ClickCount ,
, ,
,
( ). Button
Click, MouseLeftButtonDown,
Control MouseDoubleClick,
ClickCount 2 MouseLeftButtonDown, PreviewMouse
DoubleClick, PreviewMouseLeftButtonDown.
,
, ,
..
207
Canvas
, Width Height!
, Width Height
Canvas 0, .
Canvas ( , )
, WidthHeight
( , Background null ).
Canvas
.
UIElement
:
DragEnter, DragOver, DragLeave, PreviewDragEnter, PreviewDragOver Pre
viewDragLeave
Drop PreviewDrop
QueryContinueDrag PreviewQueryContinueDrag

Win32, .
, true
AllowDrop.
Drag
EventArgs, :
GetPosition , MouseEventArgs
Data IDataObject,
Win32
Effects AllowedEffects DragDropEffects,
Copy, Move, Link, Scroll, All None
KeyStates (DragDropKeyStates),
, -
: LeftMouseButton, RightMouseButton, Midd
leMouseButton, ShiftKey, ControlKey, AltKey None
QueryContinueDrag PreviewQueryContinueDrag ,
-
. .
QueryContinueDragEvent
Args, :
KeyStates DragEventArgs
208 6. : , ,
EscapePressed , ,
Esc
Action , ,
; Drag
Action Continue, Drop Cancel
,

System.Windows.Input.Mouse.
Mouse.GetPosition
. GetPo
sition DragEventArgs, , ,
, PInvoke Win32
API GetCursorPos, .

,
UIElement, . ,
MouseLeftButtonDown, MouseMove Mouse
LeftButtonUp.
MouseLeftButtonDown ,
MouseMove ,
, true, MouseLeft
ButtonUp , .
, ,

, ,
.
, WPF UIElement
. ,
,
.
.
UIElement: CaptureMouse ReleaseMouseCapture. (, ,
, , ,
IsMouseCaptured IsMouseCaptureWithin GotMouseCapture, LostMouseCap
ture, IsMouseCaptureChanged IsMouseCaptureWithinChanged.)

MouseLeftButtonDown MouseLeftButtonUp.

209
MouseMove.
, , ,
RenderTransform LayoutTransform.

WPF , ,
, Tablet PC. (
.)
,
, MouseDown, MouseMove MouseUp.
,
Tablet PC.
,
, System.
Windows.Input.StylusDevice. .
StylusDevice MouseEventArgs
. ( ,
null.)
System.Win
dows.Input.Stylus
CurrentStylusDevice
. ( , null.)
, .
,
.
FAQ
, ,
. - ?
,
( ,
):
.

,
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
, Windows7 WPF3.5
SP1.
210 6. : , ,
StylusDevice
StylusDevice , :
Inverted , ,
( ).
InAir , , .
,
,
.
StylusButtons StylusButton. ,
. StylusBut
ton Name Guid,
StylusButtonState, : Up Down.
TabletDevice System.Win
dows.Input.TabletDevice,

(,
). Type Stylus Touch
.
StylusDevice GetPosition, ,
. GetStylus
Points, StylusPoint.
StylusPoint :
X ,
.
Y ,
.
PressureFactor 0 1, ,
. ,
(
). ,
PressureFactor 0.5.
GetStylusPoints (
), , - .
, MouseMove
.
:
StylusEnter StylusLeave
StylusMove PreviewStylusMove
StylusInAirMove PreviewStylusInAirMove
StylusDown, StylusUp, PreviewStylusDown PreviewStylusUp
211
StylusButtonDown, StylusButtonUp, PreviewStylusButtonDown Preview

StylusBut
tonUp
StylusSystemGesture PreviewStylusSystemGesture
StylusInRange, StylusOutOfRange, PreviewStylusInRange PreviewStylusOutOfRange
GotStylusCapture LostStylusCapture
StylusEventArgs,
StylusDevice StylusDevice.
InAir, Inverted, GetPosition GetStylusPoints,
StylusDevice.

StylusEventArgs:
StylusDownEventArgs StylusDown Pre
view
StylusDown; TapCount,
ClickCount .
StylusButtonEventArgs StylusButtonDown,
StylusButtonUp Preview-; StylusButton,
.
StylusSystemGestureEventArgs Stylus
Sys
temGesture PreviewStylusSystemGesture; SystemGesture,
SystemGesture
: Tap, RightTap, TwoFingerTap, Drag, RightDrag, Flick, HoldEnter,
HoldLeave, HoverEnter, HoverLeave, None.
WPF Stroke (),

, StylusPoints,
InkPresenter, Stroke.
InkCanvas,
11 , ,
InkPresenter. InkCanvas
, ,
.
!

Windows 7 ,
, ,
WPF4. :
.
, ,
, .
212 6. : , ,
,
, .
( )
, Multi
Point Mouse SDK (http://microsoft.com/multipoint/mouse-sdk),
25 !
. MultiPoint
;
http://blogs.msdn.com/ansont/archive/2010/01/30/custom-touch-devices.aspx.

:
TouchEnter TouchLeave
TouchMove PreviewTouchMove
TouchDown, TouchUp, PreviewTouchDown PreviewTouchUp
GotTouchCapture LostTouchCapture
,
. ,
.
TouchEventArgs,
:
GetTouchPoint , TouchPoint.
, ,
. GetPosition .
GetIntermediateTouchPoints ,
TouchPoint , ,
. GetStylus
Points .
TouchDevice , TouchDevice.
TouchPoint Position, Size,
, ,
Bounds, . ,
, ,
, TouchDevice
Action, : Down, Move, Up
( TouchAction).
TouchDevice,
Id. (
213
TouchDevice)
.
6.6 TouchDown, TouchMove TouchUp
( !)
.
, Canvas canvas:
<Window x:Class="TouchEvents.MainWindow"
Title="Touch Events">
<Canvas Name="canvas">
<Canvas.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush>
<GradientStop Color="Black"/>
<GradientStop Color="Red" Offset="1"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Canvas.Background>
</Canvas>
</Window>
.6.2.
.6.2.

6.6. MainWindow.xaml.cs TouchDown,

TouchMove TouchUp
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
214 6. : , ,
using
using
using
using
System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
namespace TouchEvents
{
{
// TouchDevice
Dictionary<TouchDevice, Image> fingerprints =
new Dictionary<TouchDevice, Image>();
public MainWindow()
{
}
protected override void OnTouchDown(TouchEventArgs e)
{
base.OnTouchDown(e);
//
canvas.CaptureTouch(e.TouchDevice);
//
Image fingerprint = new Image { Source = new BitmapImage(
new Uri("pack://application:,,,/fingerprint.png")) };
//
TouchPoint point = e.GetTouchPoint(canvas);
fingerprint.RenderTransform = new TranslateTransform(
point.Position.X, point.Position.Y);
//
fingerprints[e.TouchDevice] = fingerprint;
canvas.Children.Add(fingerprint);
}
protected override void OnTouchMove(TouchEventArgs e)
{
base.OnTouchMove(e);
if (e.TouchDevice.Captured == canvas)
{
//
Image fingerprint = fingerprints[e.TouchDevice];
TranslateTransform transform =
fingerprint.RenderTransform as TranslateTransform;
//
TouchPoint point = e.GetTouchPoint(canvas);
transform.X = point.Position.X;
215
transform.Y = point.Position.Y;
}
}
protected override void OnTouchUp(TouchEventArgs e)
{
base.OnTouchUp(e);
//
canvas.ReleaseTouchCapture(e.TouchDevice);
//
canvas.Children.Remove(fingerprints[e.TouchDevice]);
fingerprints.Remove(e.TouchDevice);
}
}
}

, ,
TouchDown, TouchUp.
,
OnXXX Window.
OnTouchDown ,
. , ,
,
. Canvas .
Image ,
12 ,
TranslateTransform,
, .
TouchDevice.
OnTouchMove ,
TouchDevice, TouchPoint. ,
TouchDevice, .
OnTouchUp ,
Image .
Silverlight 4 . ,
WPF, Silver
light, FrameReported,
. FrameReported
System.Windows.Input.Touch TouchPoint
. ; ,
, .
216 6. : , ,
.

, .
, ,

,
. ,
TranslateTransform, RotateTransform Scale
Transform . ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
, .
, WPF
, ,
. :
ManipulationStarting ManipulationStarted
ManipulationDelta
ManipulationCompleted
, ,

. , IsManipu
lationEnabled true
.

TouchDown,
ManipulationStarting, ManipulationStarted.
TouchMove ManipulationDelta, ,
, ManipulationCompleted. ManipulationStarting
ManipulationStarted
,
.
ManipulationDelta
, ;
.
ManipulationDelta:
Translation Vector, X Y
Scale Vector
217
Rotation double,
Expansion Vector, Scale
; ,
,
, ManipulationDeltaEventArgs,
ManipulationDelta, ManipulationDelta:
DeltaManipulation ( ,
) CumulativeManipulation (
, ManipulationStarted). ,
, ,
!
6.7 Window.
,
: ,
.
<Window x:Class="ManipulationEvents.MainWindow"
Title="Manipulation Events">
<Canvas Name="canvas" IsManipulationEnabled="True">
<Image Name="photo" Source="photo.jpg">
<Image.RenderTransform>
<MatrixTransform/>
</Image.RenderTransform>
</Image>
</Canvas>
</Window>
.6.3.
.6.3. ,
ManipulationDelta
218 6. : , ,
6.7. MainWindow.xaml.cs ManipulationDelta
,
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
namespace ManipulationEvents
{
{
public MainWindow()
{
canvas.ManipulationDelta += Canvas_ManipulationDelta;
}
void Canvas_ManipulationDelta(object sender,
ManipulationDeltaEventArgs e)
{
MatrixTransform transform = photo.RenderTransform as MatrixTransform;
if (transform != null)
{
// ,
// MatrixTransform
Matrix matrix = transform.Matrix;
matrix.Translate(e.DeltaManipulation.Translation.X,
e.DeltaManipulation.Translation.Y);
matrix.RotateAt(e.DeltaManipulation.Rotation,
e.ManipulationOrigin.X, e.ManipulationOrigin.Y);
matrix.ScaleAt(e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.X,
e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.Y,
transform.Matrix = matrix;
e.Handled = true;
}
}
}
}
Image photo
MatrixTransform, RenderTransform,
ManipulationDelta Matrix ,
ManipulationDeltaEventArgs. RotateAt ScaleAt
(e.Manipulation
Origin).

. , IsManipulationEnab
led=True; XAML-
Canvas, Image.
219
, Manipula
tionStarting ManipulationStartingEventArgs.Manipulation
Container .

, ,
.

, , ,
.
, ManipulationInertia
Starting . Manipu
lationInertiaStarting ManipulationCompleted
, .
ManipulationInertiaStarting ,
, - ManipulationIner
tiaStartingEventArgs.TranslationBehavior, ManipulationInertiaStartingEventArgs.
RotationBehavior ManipulationInertiaStartingEventArgs.ExpansionBehavior.
ManipulationDelta (
ManipulationDeltaEventArgs.IsInertial true) ,
,
ManipulationCompleted. ( Manipu
lationInertiaStarting , ManipulationCompleted
.)
,
, :
TranslationBehavior DesiredDisplacement, DesiredDeceleration, InitialVelocity
RotationBehavior DesiredRotation, DesiredDeceleration, InitialVelocity
ExpansionBehavior DesiredExpansion, DesiredDeceleration, InitialRadius, Ini
tialVelocity
DesiredDeceleration (
) DesiredDispla
cement ( ), DesiredRotation ( )
DesiredExpansion ( ).
,
. InitialVelocity InitialRadius
, .
ManipulationInertiaStarting,
ManipulationInertiaStartingEventArgs.InitialVelocities,
LinearVelocity, AngularVelocity ExpansionVelocity.
6.8 6.7 ,
.
220 6. : , ,
6.8. MainWindow.xaml.cs ManipulationDelta
ManipulationInertiaStarting ,

using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
namespace ManipulationEvents
{
{
public MainWindow()
{
canvas.ManipulationDelta += Canvas_ManipulationDelta;
canvas.ManipulationInertiaStarting += Canvas_ManipulationInertiaStarting;
}
void Canvas_ManipulationInertiaStarting(object sender,
ManipulationInertiaStartingEventArgs e)
{
e.TranslationBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.01;
e.RotationBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.01;
e.ExpansionBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.01;
}
void Canvas_ManipulationDelta(object sender, ManipulationDeltaEventArgs e)
{
MatrixTransform transform = photo.RenderTransform as MatrixTransform;
if (transform != null)
{
// ,
// MatrixTransform
Matrix matrix = transform.Matrix;
matrix.Translate(e.DeltaManipulation.Translation.X,
e.DeltaManipulation.Translation.Y);
matrix.RotateAt(e.DeltaManipulation.Rotation,
matrix.ScaleAt(e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.X,
e.DeltaManipulation.Scale.Y,
transform.Matrix = matrix;
e.Handled = true;
}
}
}
}
, ,
. Manipu
221
lationBoundaryFeedback, ,
,
.
WPF , -
, ,
iPhone. ,
ManipulationDelta ReportBoundaryFeedback
ManipulationDeltaEventArgs. Manipula
tionBoundaryFeedback, Window,
.
FAQ
ManipulationDeltaEventArgs Complete Cancel.
?
Complete ( , ).
Cancel ,
,
, , .
6.9
, .6.4.
Window:
<Window x:Class="SpinThePrizeWheel.MainWindow"
Title="Spin the Prize Wheel">
<Window.Background>
<GradientStop Color="White"/>
<GradientStop Color="Orange" Offset="1"/>
</Window.Background>
<Grid Name="grid" IsManipulationEnabled="True">
<Image Name="prizeWheel" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5"
Source="prizeWheel.png" Margin="0 30 0 0">
<Image.RenderTransform>
<RotateTransform/>
</Image.RenderTransform>
</Image>
<Image Source="arrow.png" VerticalAlignment="Top" Stretch="None"/>
</Grid>
</Window>
222 6. : , ,
.6.4. -
,
6.9. MainWindow.xaml.cs
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
namespace SpinThePrizeWheel
{
{
public MainWindow()
{
grid.ManipulationStarting += Grid_ManipulationStarting;
grid.ManipulationDelta += Grid_ManipulationDelta;
grid.ManipulationInertiaStarting += Grid_ManipulationInertiaStarting;
grid.ManipulationCompleted += Grid_ManipulationCompleted;
}
void Grid_ManipulationStarting(object sender, ManipulationStartingEventArgs e)
{
//
e.Mode = ManipulationModes.Rotate;
}
void Grid_ManipulationDelta(object sender, ManipulationDeltaEventArgs e)
{
(prizeWheel.RenderTransform as RotateTransform).Angle +=
e.DeltaManipulation.Rotation;
}
223
void Grid_ManipulationInertiaStarting(object sender,

ManipulationInertiaStartingEventArgs e)
{
e.RotationBehavior.DesiredDeceleration = 0.001;
}
void Grid_ManipulationCompleted(object sender,
ManipulationCompletedEventArgs e)
{
// . ,
// !
}
}
}
6.9 ManipulationStarting ,
. ,
ManipulationDelta
, (
). ManipulationDelta
RotateTransform, Angle e.DeltaManipulation.Rotation. Angle
e.CumulativeManipulation.Rotation,
0, .
ManipulationInertiaStarting
,
. , ManipulationCompleted

.
ScrollViewer
PanningMode HorizontalOnly, VerticalOnly,
HorizontalFirst, VerticalFirst Both. ScrollViewer
PanningDeceleration PanningRatio.

TranslateTransform.
PanningMode None,
WPF ScrollViewer ,

.
224 6. : , ,
Surface Toolkit for Windows

Touch WPF Microsoft
Surface,
.
(, SurfaceButton SurfaceCheckBox),
(, ScatterView LibraryStack).
,
WPF ,
.
(, ListBoxItem
), ,
.
Cut (), Copy () Paste ().
:
MenuItem Menu, MenuItem ContextMenu, Button
ToolBar, ..
, Cut, Copy Paste,
. ,

( Click
Button, KeyDown Window ..). ,
,
(,
, ).
,
,
.
, WPF ,
.
(
)
, . ,
WPF; ,
Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC),
. , MFC,
WPF .
:
WPF .
225
(,
).
WPF

, ICommand (
System.Windows.Input),
:
Execute ,
CanExecute , true, ,
false,
CanExecuteChanged ,
CanExecute
Cut, Copy Paste, :
, ICommand; ,
( , );
Execute ( Can
Execute true) CanExecuteChanged
IsEnabled
. , .
, , Button, CheckBox MenuItem,
,
. Command ( ICom
mand). ,
Execute ( CanExecute true) ,
Click. , IsEnabled
, CanExecute,
CanExecuteChanged.
,
XAML.
. WPF ,
ICommand , Cut,
Copy Paste, , .
WPF
:
ApplicationCommands Close, Copy, Cut, Delete, Find, Help, New, Open, Paste, Print,
PrintPreview, Properties, Redo, Replace, Save, SaveAs, SelectAll, Stop, Undo .
ComponentCommands MoveDown, MoveLeft, MoveRight, MoveUp, ScrollByLine, Scroll
PageDown, ScrollPageLeft, ScrollPageRight, ScrollPageUp, SelectToEnd, SelectTo
Home, SelectToPageDown, SelectToPageUp .
226 6. : , ,
MediaCommands ChannelDown, ChannelUp, DecreaseVolume, FastForward, Increase
Volume, MuteVolume, NextTrack, Pause, Play, PreviousTrack, Record, Rewind, Select,

Stop .
NavigationCommands BrowseBack, BrowseForward, BrowseHome, BrowseStop, Favori
tes, FirstPage, GoToPage, LastPage, NextPage, PreviousPage, Refresh, Search, Zoom
.
EditingCommands AlignCenter, AlignJustify, AlignLeft, AlignRight, Correct
Spel
lingError, DecreaseFontSize, DecreaseIndentation, EnterLineBreak, EnterParagraph
Break, IgnoreSpellingError, IncreaseFontSize, IncreaseIndentation, MoveDownBy
Line, MoveDownByPage, MoveDownByParagraph, MoveLeftByCharacter, MoveLeftByWord,
MoveRightByCharacter, MoveRightByWord .
- ,
ICommand, RoutedUICommand,
ICommand,
.
About,
, Help (). ,

Help,
ApplicationCommands. , helpBut
ton, Help C#
:
helpButton.Command = ApplicationCommands.Help;
RoutedUICommand Text,
. (
RoutedUICommand
RoutedCommand.) , Help Text
Help ( ). ,
Content, :
helpButton.Content = ApplicationCommands.Help.Text;
Text RoutedUICommand
, WPF! , ,
Content ApplicationCommands.Help.Text,
,
. ,
, (, ),
, , .
,
- . Text
.
227
About , ,
. , ,
,
. .
CommandBinding
, ,
( ). ,
UIElement (ContentElement), CommandBin
dings, CommandBinding. Com
mandBinding Help Window
About. :
this.CommandBindings.Add(new CommandBinding(ApplicationCommands.Help,
HelpExecuted, HelpCanExecute));
, HelpExecuted HelpCanExecute.
,
CanExecute Execute Help.
6.10 6.11 About,
Help Help,
XAML ( -
).
6.10. About Help
Title="About WPF Unleashed" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
<Window.CommandBindings>
<CommandBinding Command="Help"
CanExecute="HelpCanExecute" Executed="HelpExecuted"/>
</Window.CommandBindings>
<StackPanel>
WPF 4 Unleashed
</Label>
<ListBox>
</ListBox>
<Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10" Command="Help" Content=
"{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/>
</StackPanel>
228 6. : , ,
</StackPanel>
</Window>
6.11. 6.10
using System.Windows.Input;
{
{
}
void HelpCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)
{
e.CanExecute = true;
}
void HelpExecuted(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)
{
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("http://www.adamnathan.net/wpf");
}
}
CommandBinding Window XAML,

,
. Content Button
Text ( XAML)
,
13. ,
Help - . CommandConverter
, Command
Help,
{x:Static ApplicationCommands.Help}. (
.) HelpCanExecute
, , HelpExecuted
-, URL- .

Help About
Click. ,
, :
.
, F1.
About 6.10 F1
Help, Help! ,
Help
229
, .
, InputBindings
KeyBinding / MouseBinding. (
.) , F2
Help,
AboutDialog:
this.InputBindings.Add(
new KeyBinding(ApplicationCommands.Help, new KeyGesture(Key.F2)));
Help : F1 F2.
F1,
NotACommand:
this.InputBindings.Add(
new KeyBinding(ApplicationCommands.NotACommand, new KeyGesture(Key.F1)));
XAML-
:
<Window.InputBindings>
<KeyBinding Command="Help" Key="F2"/>
<KeyBinding Command="NotACommand" Key="F1"/>
</Window.InputBindings>

WPF
, ,
. TextBox,
Cut, Copy Paste ,
Undo Redo. , TextBox
Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+Z Ctrl+Y,
.

XAML-:
Orientation="Horizontal" Height="25">
<Button Command="Cut" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"
Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/>
<Button Command="Copy" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"
<Button Command="Paste" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"
<Button Command="Undo" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"
<Button Command="Redo" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"
230 6. : , ,
<TextBox x:Name="textBox" Width="200"/>
</StackPanel> 6
XAML
.xaml Internet Explorer
.
Content ,
Text .
CommandTarget TextBox (
, x:Reference,
WPF). TextBox, Button,
, TextBox .
XAML- , .6.5.
,
TextBox , ,
. Paste
,
, .
.6.5. , ,
TextBox
Button TextBox ,
.
WPF .
, (
) ,
.
WPF
, .
.NET,

.
, UIElement,
ContentElement (.
11) UIElement3D (. 16 ).
Windows
Windows
-
XAML-
XAML-

7.

WPF .
. -
WPF-. WPF
Windows,
, -,
,
, .
-
( ), ,
, Photo Gallery (),
Windows Live Photo Gallery.
, .
Windows
Windows .
. .7.1
Photo Gallery.
WPF Application Visual Studio
.
.NET, AssemblyInfo.*, Resources.*, Settings.*. WPF
App.xaml MainWindow.xaml (
). Application Window,
. ( Vi
sual Studio MainWindow.xaml Window1.xaml.)
232
7.
.7.1. Photo Gallery
Window
Window ,
. WPF Window
Win32. WPF- Win32-
: ,
.. ( (Chrome)
, Minimize (),
Maximize () Close ().)
, Window Win32 ( ,
Form Windows Forms), .
Window,
Show, Hide ( , Visibility
Hidden Collapsed) Close.
, Window Control, Win32 ,
, , .
Window , Icon,
Title ( ) Windowstyle.
Left Top.
, WindowstartupLocation
CenterScreen CenterOwner. ,
, . ,
Topmost true,
, ShowInTaskbar false,
.
Window .
, Window,
Show.
. ,
, , ,
Windows
233
.
.
,
Owner ( Window) , ,
.
OwnedWindows.
, (, -
, ),
Activated Deactivated Window.
, Activate ( ,
SetForegroundWindow Win32 API).
, ShowAc
tivated false.
7.1 MainWindow Photo
Gallery.
7.1. MainWindow.xaml.cs,

{
public MainWindow()
{
}
protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
{
base.OnClosing(e);
if (MessageBox.Show("Are you sure you want to close Photo Gallery?",
"Annoying Prompt", MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Question)
== MessageBoxResult.No)
e.Cancel = true;
}
protected override void OnClosed(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnClosed(e);
//
...
}
protected override void OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnInitialized(e);
//
...
234
7.
}
...
void exitMenu_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
...
}
MainWindow InitializeComponent,
Window, XAML-.
Closing, Closed Initialized.
OnEventName,
.
OnEventName, , WPF
. ,
, .
.NET Framework ,
.
InitializeComponent!
2 XAML
: InitializeComponent ,
XAML-,
. ,
XAML- . , Visual Studio
InitializeComponent,
.
Closing ,
, Close,
Alt+F4 ..
, true Cancel
CancelEventArgs ( Windows
Forms). OnClosing
, No, .
,
.
,
. ,
Closed ( ).
7.1 Closed ,
. , MainWindow
Initialized
Windows
235
. (
, .)
File
Exit, .
Application
,
. , ,
MainWindow, 7.1, Main:
public static void Main()
{
MainWindow window = new MainWindow();
window.Show();
}
. -, WPF (STA). ,
Main STAThread.
Show , (
ShowWindow Win32 API) .
Show Main, ,
. MainWindow
!
FAQ
?!
- COM!
, COM. ,
Win32 (
Windows Forms), WPF ,
.
, WPF (. 19
).
STA

WPF. STA-,
.
WPF , (, Dispat
cherObject) . ,
. ,
, (
). WPF

, .
236
7.
COM
, . Main STAThread
!
Main MainWindow,
,
MainWindow, ,
. ,
Win32: WM_PAINT, WM_MOUSEMOVE .. WPF
, Windows. Win32
,

. WPF System.Windows.
Application.
Application.Run
Application Run,
. Main
:
[STAThread]
{
Application app = new Application();
window.Show();
app.Run(window);
}
, Application StartupUri,
, :
[STAThread]
{
Application app = new Application();
app.StartupUri = new Uri("MainWindow.xaml", UriKind.Relative);
app.Run();
}
Main ,
MainWindow Show App
lication. : -, MainWindow
XAML-
(URI), -,
Run, Window. URI-
WPF 12 .
Windows
237
StartupUri
XAML. Visual Studio
WPF Application Application
App XAML- StartupUri
Window. Photo Gallery App.xaml
:
<Application x:Class="PhotoGallery.App"
StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml"/>
StartupUri
Uri.
App.xaml.cs
InitializeComponent:
namespace PhotoGallery
{
public partial class App : Application
{
public App()
{
}
}
}

WPF- . , ,
Application,
.
FAQ
WPF- Main?
, Visual Studio WPF Application,
Main, ! ,
Main, , ,
.
App.xaml , Visual
Studio ApplicationDefinition.
Main. Photo Gallery
App.g.cs:
238
7.
[System.STAThreadAttribute()]
public static void Main() {
PhotoGallery.App app = new PhotoGallery.App();
app.InitializeComponent();
app.Run();
}
Visual Studio App.g.cs.

(Solution Explorer),
(Show All Files).
FAQ
WPF- ?

, Main, WPF-
Main .
. -, Application
XAML-, Main
.
System.Environment.GetCommandLineArgs,
, Main.
(
, - ) ,
Application
ApplicationDefinition, Page.
Main. , ,
Application Run
, App.g.cs.
Application
Application .
,
. ,
Application (, App, Visual Studio)
OnEventName,
Startup Exit, Activated Deactivated ( ,
Window, ,
), SessionEnding ,
, .

, ReasonSessionEnding.
Windows
239
, Application
Windows,
. ,
MainWindow.
, ,
.
Windows!
Window Application.Windows ,
, .

. , , Win
dows[2] !
( Run Application
), .
ShutdownMode
ShutdownMode. ,
, ( MainWin
dow), .
, Shutdown,
. ,
Windows (,
Windows).
Application - Properties.
ASP.NET, ,
( /
), .
Application
, Properties.
, Photo Gallery
:
myApplication.Properties["CurrentPhotoFilename"] = filename;
:
string filename = myApplication.Properties["CurrentPhotoFilename"] as string;
, , Object,
.
240
7.
Window,
,
Application. ,
Application.Current. , myApplication
Application.Current:
Application.Current.Properties["CurrentPhotoFilename"] = filename;
FAQ
WPF
(MDI)?
WPF MDI-,
Windows Forms. WPF-
, ,
(. 19). ! MDI-

, Aero Snap Windows 7 Flip 3D
Windows Vista. ,
( MDI),
WPF .
FAQ
WPF ,
?
WPF- :
( ) .
, C#:
bool mutexIsNew;
using (System.Threading.Mutex m =
new System.Threading.Mutex(true, uniqueName, out mutexIsNew))
{
if (mutexIsNew)
// , .
else
// . !
}
, uniqueName
!
(GUID) . ,

!
Windows
241
,
. .NET Framework
Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices. WindowsFormsApp
licationBase, , ,
, WPF-. :
RPC-,
.

Application
Application
WPF-, .
Application,
, ,
.
Win32, WPF
Dispatcher System.Windows.Thre
ading, ,
Win32 API.
, Main Application.
Run, Dispatcher.Run. ( Application.Run Dispatcher.
Run !) -
. , Dispatcher.Run
, - Dispatcher.ExitAll
Frames (, Closed).

WPF-
. (
, .
,
.) ,
DispatcherObject
, . (
, Freezable.)
, WPF ,

. DispatcherObject Dispatcher ( Dispatcher).

Invoke ( ) BeginInvoke ( ).
,
242
7.
. Invoke
BeginInvoke Dispat
cherPriority, 10 , Send (
) SystemIdle (,
).

, Dispatcher.Run .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, . ,
Application,
. , Application.Windows
, , Application.

,

(
). WPF
.
,
.
, PNG-
, (,
GIF-) .
, WPF, ,
WPF. (
,
!) Office 2010,
, .
, .
Visual Studio 2010,
Add New Item ( ) Splash Screen
(WPF). ( Visual Studio 2008 SP1 http://
codeplex.com.) ,
SplashScreen;
. ! .7.2
Photo Gallery.

SplashScreen.
Visual Studio 2008 SP1 ,
. , ,
Windows
243

,
System.Windows.SplashScreen.
, .
.7.2. Photo Gallery

PNG-

Windows ( ),
,
, , .
. (
, ,
, .)

WPF
,
. , WPF
, Win32 API. ,

, .

, ShowDialog,
244
7.
. , Photo Gallery
PrintDialog :
void printMenu_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string filename = (pictureBox.SelectedItem as ListBoxItem).Tag as string;
Image image = new Image();
image.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(filename, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));
PrintDialog pd = new PrintDialog();
if (pd.ShowDialog() == true) // true, false null
pd.PrintVisual(image, Path.GetFileName(filename) + " from Photo Gallery");
}
,
, Windows.

Windows, , , - ,
, Win
dows . ,
Windows7 : ;
, (Home
Group); ,
;
. , ,

, Windows7.
Windows Forms, WPF ,

Windows. WPF
. ( Windows Forms
ColorDialog, FontDialog FolderBrowser, WPF
.) ,
, System.Windows.Forms.dll
, Windows Forms.

, ,
,
,
(Rename Photo) Photo Gallery (.7.3).
WPF ,
Window. Window,
.
Windows
245
.7.3.
Window ( )
, ShowDialog Show.
Show, ShowDialog (
, )
null ( bool? C#). Photo Gallery
RenameDialog:
void renameMenu_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string filename = (pictureBox.SelectedItem as ListBoxItem).Tag as string;
RenameDialog dialog = new RenameDialog(
Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(filename));
if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true) // true,
// false null
{
//
try
{
File.Move(filename, Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(filename),
dialog.NewFilename) + Path.GetExtension(filename));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Cannot Rename File", MessageBoxButton.OK,
MessageBoxImage.Error);
}
}
}
,
( RenameDialog), , ShowDialog
true, , ,
, false .
, DialogResult
( bool?). DialogResult
. , OK
RenameDialog :
void okButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
this.DialogResult = true;
}
246
7.
IsDefault true,
.

ShowDialog
,
, ShowDialog Window,
, Dispatcher.Run , Application.Run.
, WPF-
Application, :
[STAThread]
{
window.ShowDialog();
}

Windows
(
), ,
.
: .NET Framework.
,
, , Silver
light- XAML- (
).
Photo Gallery

, 7.2.
7.2. MainWindow.xaml.cs,

protected override void OnClosed(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnClosed(e);
// ,
IsolatedStorageFile f = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForAssembly();
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream =
new IsolatedStorageFileStream("myFile", FileMode.Create, f))
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream))
{
foreach (TreeViewItem item in favoritesItem.Items)
Windows
247
writer.WriteLine(item.Tag as string);
}
}
{
//
IsolatedStorageFile f = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForAssembly();
using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream =
new IsolatedStorageFileStream("myFile", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, f))
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
{
string line = reader.ReadLine();
while (line != null)
{
AddFavorite(line);
line = reader.ReadLine();
}
}
...
}
IsolatedStorageFile IsolatedStorageFileStream
System.IO.IsolatedStorage. ,
, Documents
() .

, Visual Studio Settings (
Properties\Settings.settings).

.
: ClickOnce
Windows
Windows, ,
, ,
Program Files ( , ),
,
, ,
. WPF-,
248
7.
Windows. Visual Studio

Setup and Deployment ( ).
, ClickOnce
( .NET Framework 2.0).
, Windows. Visual
Studio ClickOnce ,
BuildPublish ( ). Visual
Studio, Windows SDK,
ClickOnce: mage.exe
mageUI.exe.
, Windows
ClickOnce:
,

( )
,

COM-
( ,
)
CD/DVD
, ClickOnce
Windows:

.
: -,
URL-
( ),
,
.
,
,
.
,
(,
- -
).
.NET
, ,
.
Windows
249
, ClickOnce ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
. , COM-
COM .
Windows
-,
Windows,
Windows, Windows Media Player , , Windows
Live Photo Gallery, Photo.
Photo Gallery, .7.1,

. WPF
.
,
, .
,
,
,
.
,
, -. ,
,
URI,
.
, , .

Photo Gallery,
.
, ..
, Navigation
Window Page.

WPF
Page. (Page , , Window.)
Page
: NavigationWindow Frame.
250
7.
, ,
, .
FAQ
NavigationWindow Frame?
: Navigati
onWindow , , Frame
HTML- FRAME IFRAME. NavigationWindow ,
Frame ( )
. Frame NavigationWindow
Frame. NavigationWindow
/, ,
ShowsNavigationUI,
Page. , NavigationWindow
ShowsNavigationUI, Frame NavigationUIVisibility,
Page.
Photo Gallery StartupUri

Application NavigationWindow:
<NavigationWindow x:Class="PhotoGallery.Container"
Title="Photo Gallery" Source="MainPage.xaml">
</NavigationWindow>
MainPage.xaml,
NavigationWindow, Page, ,
MainWindow.xaml:
<Page x:Class="PhotoGallery.MainPage"
Title="Photo Gallery" Loaded="Page_Loaded">
... ...
</Page>
MainPage.xaml.cs
, MainWindow.xaml.cs.
MainPage.xaml.cs , ,
OnClosing OnClosed, ,
Page (
).
.7.4 , NavigationWindow Page Photo
Gallery
(). , ,
Windows
251
.7.4. NavigationWindow,

,
. Photo Gallery
,
, NavigationWindow. ,
Click NavigationWindow.GoBack,
Click NavigationWindow.GoForward.
WPF Page,
HTML- ( ,
)! WPF- HTML-
. , .
Page
NavigationService,
,
NavigationWindow Frame. NavigationService,
NavigationService.GetNavigationService,
Page. ,
NavigationService Page. ,
, ,
:
this.NavigationService.Title = "Main Photo Gallery Page";
252
7.
, :
this.NavigationService.Refresh();
Page ,
, WindowHeight, WindowWidth Win
dowTitle. , XAML Page.

,
( ), , (
-), .
:
Navigate
( Hyperlink)

Navigate
Navigate,
. ,
, URI:
//
PhotoPage nextPage = new PhotoPage();
this.NavigationService.Navigate(nextPage);
// URI
this.NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("PhotoPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative));
Page, URI, XAML . (, URI WPF,

12.) XAML-
Page.

Navigate
,
Navigate. Page,
Content:
this.NavigationService.Content = nextPage;
URI , Source:
this.NavigationService.Source = new Uri("PhotoPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative);
,
Navigate .
Windows
253
HTML-,
Navigate, URI. :
this.NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("http://www.adamnathan.net/wpf"));
Hyperlink
WPF Hyperlink,
HTML. Hyperlink
TextBlock , HTML- A,
,
. Na
vigateUri Hyperlink ( href HTML). ,
XAML- , .7.5:
<TextBlock>
Click <Hyperlink NavigateUri="PhotoPage.xaml">here</Hyperlink> to view the photo.
</TextBlock>
.7.5. Hyperlink
, HTML
, Hyperlink HTML-
A. ,
WPF, HTML , .

,
Hyperlink, Hyperlink NavigateUri,
Click Navigate,
.
Hyperlink
HTML. , Frame ,
, TargetName Hyper
link .
Page ( HTML-, #),
URI # .
254
7.
FAQ
HTML- , WPF Page?
HTML ,
HREF ,
WPF Page. HTML WPF
, :
HREF -
Navigating, , Navigate
(Navigating
). HTML WPF
XAML
XAML- ( ,
Silverlight). .

,
, , .
, .7.4.

, .7.1.
7.1.

, GoBack GoForward
( CanGoBack
CanGoForward,
).
NavigationWindow , Frame
; JournalOwner
ship, :
OwnsJournal .
UsesParentJournal
, .
Windows
255
Automatic UsesParentJournal,
(NavigationWindow Frame),
OwnsJournal. .
,
. , NavigationUI
Visibility Hidden.
Page URI (,
Navigate Hyperlink)
Page, . , ,
,
(, Application.Proper
ties). ( Navigate, Page, ,
, , .)

Page,
JournalEntry.KeepAlive true.
Page ,
RemoveFromJournal true. ,
,
.
FAQ
,
?

,
.
,
StopLoading.
Refresh
. , Navigate, URI
, Navigating
NavigationMode.Refresh ,
.
256
7.

,
. ,
,
.
AddBackEntry,
CustomContentState. CustomContentState ,
, Replay.
,
. JournalEntryName,
.
Photo Gallery
, :
[Serializable]
class RotateState : CustomContentState
{
FrameworkElement element;
double rotation;
public RotateState(FrameworkElement element, double rotation)
{
this.element = element;
this.rotation = rotation;
}
public override string JournalEntryName
{
get { return "Rotate " + rotation + ""; }
}
public override void Replay(NavigationService navigationService,
NavigationMode mode)
{
//
element.LayoutTransform = new RotateTransform(rotation);
}
}

,
Navigate, Hyperlink ,
. ,

.
257
Windows
. 7.6 7.7

.

Initialized
Navigating
NavigationProgress
Loading

Initialized
Navigated
LoadCompleted
Loaded
.7.6. ,

Navigating
NavigationProgress
Loading

Unloaded
Initialized
Navigated
LoadCompleted
Loaded
.7.7. ,

NavigationProgress
Navigated. NavigationStopped.
LoadCompleted,
.
258
7.
.7.6 7.7 ,
( ).
Application,
.

HTML-!
WPF WPF
Page , WPF HTML HTML
WPF. HTML HTML
. HTML HTML
.

, , ,
- .
- HTML
URL . WPF
.

WPF , URL,
Navigate,
Object. ,
Page, Uri. -
( , , ..),
. :
int photoId = 10;
// Page
PhotoPage nextPage = new PhotoPage();
this.NavigationService.Navigate(nextPage, photoId);
// URI
this.NavigationService.Navigate(
new Uri("PhotoPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative), photoId);
,
LoadCompleted ExtraData
:
this.NavigationService.LoadCompleted += new
LoadCompletedEventHandler(container_LoadCompleted);
Windows
259
...
void container_LoadCompleted(object sender, NavigationEventArgs e)
{
if (e.ExtraData != null)
LoadPhoto((int)e.ExtraData);
}

Navigate, Page,
,
( ).
Photo Gallery :
int photoId = 10;
// Page
PhotoPage nextPage = new PhotoPage(photoId);
, PhotoPage
:
public PhotoPage(int id)
{
LoadPhoto(id);
}
,
, PhotoPage ,
. !

Properties Application,
. :
// Page URI
Application.Properties["PhotoId"] = 10;
this.NavigationService.Navigate(...);

Navigate:
if (Application.Properties["PhotoId"] != null)
LoadPhoto((int)Application.Properties["PhotoId"]);
,
(
). , ,
.
PageFunction
,
, - ,

260
7.
( ,
). .
,
.
.7.8.
MainPage
SettingsPage
MainPage
.7.8. ,

. URI,
MainPage,
. ,
, ,
.
App
lication.Properties GoBack
.
, ,
( ),
, .
WPF

. .7.9.
MainPage
SettingsPage
.7.9.
PageFunction
PageFunction.
Page ( ),
.
Visual Studio PageFunction,
Page. ,
Add New Item Page Function (WPF):
261
<PageFunction
x:Class="MyProject.PageFunction1"
x:TypeArguments="sys:String"
Title="PageFunction1">
<Grid>
</Grid>
</PageFunction>
TypeArguments. PageFunction
( PageFunction<T>),
- .
PageFunction . -
PageFunction
, ,
.
PageFunction Page,
, :
PageFunction1 nextPage = new PageFunction1<string>();

Return PageFunction:
nextPage.Return += new ReturnEventHandler<string>(nextPage_Return);
...
void nextPage_Return(object sender, ReturnEventArgs<string> e)
{
string returnValue = e.Result;
}
, ReturnEventHandler ReturnEventArgs
-. Result
, ,
PageFunction ( ).
, PageFunction, ,
ReturnEventArgs OnReturn,
PageFunction:
OnReturn(new ReturnEventArgs<string>("the data"));
-
WPF
. ,
.
262
7.
,
.
, :
1. AllowsTransparency Window true.
, .
InvalidOperationException.)
2. Windowstyle Window None,
. (
AllowsTransparency="True" Inva
lidOperationException.)
3. Background Window Transparent.
.
4. , ,
DragMove Window.
, , ,
.
5. ,

. , ShowInTaskbar
false!
XAML- .
Close:
<Window x:Class="GadgetWindow"
Height="300" Width="300"
AllowsTransparency="True" Windowstyle="None" Background="Transparent"
MouseLeftButtonDown="Window_MouseLeftButtonDown">
<Grid>
<Ellipse Fill="Red" Opacity="0.5" Margin="20">
<Ellipse.Effect>
<DropShadowEffect/>
</Ellipse.Effect>
</Ellipse>
<Button Margin="100" Click="Button_Click">Close</Button>
</Grid>
</Window>
DropShadowEffect 15 ;
.
:
using System.Windows.Input;
public partial class GadgetWindow : Window
{
XAML-
263
public GadgetWindow()
{
}
void Window_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
this.DragMove();
}
void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
}
, MouseLeftButtonDown
Window.DragMove. DragMove
. .7.10 , .
.7.10. Window
()
XAML-
WPF ,
-. XAML-
(XAML Browser Applications XBAPs),
WPF- . XBAP-
, Silverlight
WPF. -
WPF-
.
264
7.
FAQ
XBAP-
?
. Silverlight, XBAP-
.NET Framework (3.0 ),
Windows Internet Explorer ( ,
ActiveX WebBrowser) Firefox (
.NET Framework 3.5 ). .NET Framework4.0
Firefox . (
3.5 .)
XBAP-
Windows ,
.NET, .
:
WPF .NET Framework.
.
-.
XAML .
, XBAP-? Visual Studio
:
1. , Visual Studio , ,
WPF Browser Application.
2. Page
.
3. .
Visual Studio, MSBuild,
(.
).

XAML-
, Visual Studio,
XBAP-. ,
:
<HostInBrowser>True</HostInBrowser>
<Install>False</Install>
<TargetZone>Internet</TargetZone>
XAML-
265
,
PresentationHost.exe, .
, ,
, ,
, , .
EXE- XML-:
.manifest ClickOnce-;
.xbap ClickOnce-
( , XBAP,
.application)
, , . XBAP- , , ClickOnce-
, , WPF
.
ClickOnce!
XBAP- ClickOnce,
, .
ClickOnce-
.
, . (
, ClickOnce ,
Documents .)
, , ,
,
! Visual Studio
(- AssemblyVersion("1.0.*") Assembly
Info), ,
.
,
, ,
mage.exe Windows SDK.
mage -cc. SDK ,
rundll32 %windir%\system32\dfshim.dll CleanOnlineAppCache

WPF-
,
XAML- . WPF-
. XBAP- ,
,
266
7.
API. ,
Photo Gallery XBAP, , , ,
( ):
// ! !
AddFavorite(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyPictures));
.NET Framework
, FileIO
Permission, . (
, ,
,
.)
, ,
, . ,
,
,
Window. ( Popup
, Page.)
, ,
,
.
. , WPF XBAP-
WebBrowser,
Firefox.

XBAP- ,
, ,
.
BrowserInteropHelper.IsBrowserHosted
System.Windows.Interop.
,
.
, ( 512
), -.

(
). Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog:
string fileContents = null;
OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();
if (ofd.ShowDialog() == true) // true, false null
{
XAML-
267
using (Stream s = ofd.OpenFile())

using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(s))
{
fileContents = sr.ReadToEnd();
}
}
XBAP Windows
( ).
URL- HTML-,
XBAP-, URL ( )
BrowserInteropHelper.Source.
cookie ,
Application.GetCookie.
FAQ
?
, .NET:
AllowPartiallyTrustedCallers
( ,
), XBAP-
API.
, AllowPartiallyTrustedCallers
.
, -
, .
, , , .
FAQ
XBAP- ?
,
, ,
XBAP- . ,
:
1. ClickOnce- (app.manifest) Unrestric
ted="true" XML- PermissionSet, :
<PermissionSet class="System.Security.PermissionSet" version="1"
ID="Custom" SameSite="site" Unrestricted="true"/>
268
7.
2. ( .csproj .vbproj)
<TargetZone>Internet</TargetZone>
:
<TargetZone>Custom</TargetZone>
Visual Studio
Security ().
XBAP-
.
, (,
, ) .

Page XBAP- Navigation
Window. Internet Explorer 6 Firefox
. , XBAP-
. , ,

. ,
false ShowsNavigationUI Page.
, Internet Explorer 7 Navi
gationWindow ,
. ,
, WPF,
, , .
Internet Explorer 7 ( )
Page . XBAP-
HTML- IFRAME, ,
false ShowsNavigationUI WPF- Page.
XBAP- , ClickOnce. Visual

Studio ( Mage Windows SDK)
- . (-
.)
XAML-
269
XBAP- ,
, URL-,
( Internet Explorer). ,
ClickOnce-,
, , , , XBAP-
- . (,
, !)
FAQ
XBAP ,
. ?

.
Windows, Internet Explorer .NET Framework
WPF ,
XBAP, . , .NET Framework
(sandbox) , Internet Explorer.
, WPF

(, )
,
.
Silverlight, XBAP WPF-

. , Windows Media Center
Windows HTML.
XBAP- HTML-,
WPF Media Center WPF- !

ClickOnce
, ,
,
, .
XBAP-,
,
.
, Visual Studio
. ,
PublishApplication Files (
), .
270
7.
.
System.Deployment.Application ( Sys
tem.Deployment.dll) API.
7.3 ,
.
, Page1,
7.3. (
XAML- ,
.) Page1 ,
MyGroup, Page2 (
- ).
7.3. ClickOnce

using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows.Threading;
System.Deployment.Application;
public partial class Page1 : Page

{
public Page1()
{
}
{
if (ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed)
{
// ,
// MyGroup
ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment.DownloadFileGroupCompleted +=
delegate {
// ,
// GotoPage2 BeginInvoke
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Send,
new DispatcherOperationCallback(GotoPage2), null);
};
ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment.DownloadFileGroupAsync("MyGroup");
}
else
{
// ClickOnce ( ,
// ), Page2
GotoPage2(null);
}
}
XAML-
271
// Page2 .
// DispatcherOperationCallback.
private object GotoPage2(object o)
{
return NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("Page2.xaml", UriKind.Relative));
}
}
,
( ),
ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed, ,
. ,
,
Page2. ,
DownloadFileGroupAsync.
DownloadFileGroupCompleted ,
. ApplicationDeployment
,
.
XAML-
.NET Framework 3.0 , Internet
Explorer WPF
XAML- , HTML-.
HTML XAML,
, , .. ,
: XAML-
Windows. ,
.
, XAML-

(. 13 ). .7.11
Photo Gallery XAML-.
, -,
.
,
XAML, HTML-
, XAML,
.
, ".NET
CLR 3.0". , , .
Silverlight .
272
7.
.7.11. Photo Gallery XAML-

HTML XAML,
XAML- IFRAME
HTML-.
WPF ,
Windows,
, , .
Photo Gallery, (
http://informit.com/title/9780672331190), ,

Windows, -
.

.
.NET Framework. , Win
dows Vista WPF3.0, Windows7
WPF3.5. Windows, ,
WPF4 .
,
.NET Framework.

Aero Glass
TaskDialog
8.
Windows 7
Windows ,
, Windows7 . Windows
Vista, Windows7
, .
,
.
, WPF-
Windows7 :

, Windows Vista,
Windows7:
Aero Glass
TaskDialog

Windows7 .
, ,

. .8.1 Internet Explorer.
,
, .
.8.2
Photo Gallery :
. (
, .)
274
8. Windows 7
.8.1. Internet Explorer

.8.2. ,
Photo Gallery
WPF4 System.Windows.Shell.JumpList,

XAML! ,
WPF,

.
,
JumpList.JumpList Appli
cation, JumpList.
JumpList.SetJumpList. JumpList
,
Windows Apply .
JumpList JumpItems,
: JumpTask JumpPath;
JumpItem.
275
JumpTask
, JumpTask
, Start InPrivate Browsing ( InPrivate) Open
new tab ( ) .8.1. ,
JumpTask (
). -
, , .
8.1 JumpTask
App.xaml, Photo Gallery
.
.8.3. , (,
) ,
, .
8.1. App.xaml
JumpTask
StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml">
<JumpList.JumpList>
<JumpList>
<JumpTask Title="Launch another instance"
Description="Launches another instance of this program."/>
<JumpTask Title="Task #1" Arguments="-task1"
Description="Performs task #1."/>
<JumpTask Title="Task #2" Arguments="-task2"
Description="Performs task #2."/>
</JumpList>
</JumpList.JumpList>
</Application>
.8.3. JumpTask
JumpTask Title ,
, Description,
276
8. Windows 7
. , Jump
Task Photo Gallery.
, ,
. JumpTask
Photo Gallery
,
- . Photo Gallery
Environment.CommandLine .
,
, -
. ,
,
( ),
, .
,
,
. .8.4 , , 8.1,
.
.8.4.
, .8.3
277
Visual Studio !
Visual Studio
vshost32.exe, .8.5. ,
, (
vshost32.exe, ).
JumpPath, ,
. , Enable the Visual Studio
hosting process ( Visual Studio) Debug ()
.
.8.5. Visual Studio

!
,
. , ,
, .
, ,
, .
JumpTask
JumpTask
, .
8.2, .8.6 .
278
8. Windows 7
8.2. App.xaml
JumpTask
<JumpList.JumpList>
<JumpList>
<JumpTask Title="Magnifier"
Description="Open the Windows Magnifier."
ApplicationPath="%WINDIR%\system32\magnify.exe"/>
<JumpTask Title="Calculator"
Description="Open the Windows Calculator."
ApplicationPath="%WINDIR%\system32\calc.exe"
IconResourcePath="%WINDIR%\system32\calc.exe"/>
<JumpTask Title="Notepad"
Description="Open Notepad."
ApplicationPath="%WINDIR%\system32\notepad.exe"
IconResourcePath="%WINDIR%\system32\notepad.exe"
WorkingDirectory="%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%"/>
<JumpTask Title="Internet Explorer (No Add-Ons)"
Description="Start without ActiveX controls or extensions."
ApplicationPath="%PROGRAMFILES%\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe"
IconResourcePath="%PROGRAMFILES%\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe"
WorkingDirectory="%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%"
IconResourceIndex="6" Arguments="-extoff"/>
</JumpList>
</Application>
.8.6. JumpTask
JumpTask , .
ApplicationPath
279
magnify.exe. , ApplicationPath
, XAML,
.
JumpTask IconResourcePath,
. Win32, EXE-
DLL-. ( .ico,
, ,
XAML- .) EXE-,
.
IconResourcePath null, JumpTask,
- .
JumpTask Photo Gallery.
%WINDIR%\System32\shell32.dll %WINDIR%\System32\imageres.dll
,
JumpTask. , Windows ,
.
JumpTask WorkingDirectory,
( ). ,
ApplicationPath IconResourcePath,
.
JumpTask Arguments,
Internet Explorer ,
IconResourceIndex . .8.6
,
e. EXE- DLL-
. IconResourceIndex , 0,
(, Windows).
EXE- DLL- ,
, IconResourceIndex, .
, , .8.5.
JumpTask
, IconResourceIndex -1.
, IconResourcePath .
280
8. Windows 7
JumpTask ,
JumpTask,
. .8.7 , , <JumpTask/>
8.2.
.8.7.
JumpTask

CustomCategory
JumpTask, JumpItem. ,
,
Tasks ().
8.3 One
Two. .8.8.
8.3. App.xaml CustomCategory
<JumpList.JumpList>
<JumpList>
<JumpTask Title="Magnifier" CustomCategory="One"
<JumpTask Title="Calculator" CustomCategory="Two"
Description="Open the Windows Calculator."
281
ApplicationPath="%WINDIR%\system32\calc.exe"
IconResourcePath="%WINDIR%\system32\calc.exe"/>
<JumpTask Title="Notepad" CustomCategory="Two"
Description="Open Notepad."
ApplicationPath="%WINDIR%\system32\notepad.exe"
IconResourcePath="%WINDIR%\system32\notepad.exe"
WorkingDirectory="%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%"/>
<JumpTask Title="Internet Explorer (No Add-Ons)"
Description="Start without ActiveX controls or extensions."
ApplicationPath="%PROGRAMFILES%\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe"
IconResourcePath="%PROGRAMFILES%\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe"
WorkingDirectory="%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%"
IconResourceIndex="6" Arguments="-extoff"/>
</JumpList>
</Application>
.8.8.
JumpTask , Arguments!
- Windows7 .
, .
, .
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
(
).
282
8. Windows 7
Pinned ().
, .8.9.
.8.9. JumpTask
!
JumpTask, ,
JumpItems. JumpTask
, ! Two
.8.8 8.9 One.
JumpPath
JumpTask , JumpPath ,
- .
JumpPath,
Windows .
,
JPG- (
, Windows,
(Open WithChoose
Default Program).
8.4 8.3
JumpTask JumpPath (
, JumpItem).
C:
JPG-, ,
283
.8.10.
, , .8.8.
8.4. App.xaml JumpPath 8.3
<JumpList.JumpList>
<JumpList>
<JumpPath Path="C:\Users\Adam\Pictures\DSC06397.jpg"
CustomCategory="Photos"/>
...
</JumpList>
</Application>
.8.10. Photos JumpPath
JumpPath Tasks,
. ,
CustomCategory ( JumpItem).
,
.
DSC06397.jpg,
-,
Path. ,
, JumpPath 8.4
JumpTask:
284
8. Windows 7
<JumpTask Title="DSC06397.jpg"
Arguments="C:\Users\Adam\Pictures\DSC06397.jpg"
Description="DSC06397 (C:\Users\Adam\My Pictures)"

, ,
, JumpTask.
Path JumpPath
!
8.4 JPG- . ,
, .
JumpPath ,
(
).
JumpPath

JumpPath. ,
:
.
,
ShowRecentCategory / ShowFrequentCategory
JumpList true.
. Windows ,
(File Open)
(
, Windows
JumpPath).
-
(, ,
), JumpList.AddToRecentCategory.
, ,
JumpPath JumpTask. AddToFrequentCate
gory; ,
.
8.4
, .8.11.
<JumpList ShowFrequentCategory="True" ShowRecentCategory="True">
<JumpPath Path="C:\Users\Adam\Pictures\DSC06397.jpg"
285
...
</JumpList>
.8.11. Recent Frequent
,
- , . .8.1,
Internet Explorer
(Frequent),
(Recent). (Windows7 Recent
, .)

, Windows
JumpPath JumpItems ,
.
, JumpItemsRejected JumpList.
JumpItemsRejected
, JumpList,
286
8. Windows 7
.
JumpList, XAML-,
XAML. JumpList ,
Apply.
JumpItemsRejectedEventArgs, ,
JumpItem,
JumpItemRejectionReason, :
NoRegisteredHandler
.
InvalidItem ( Windows,
Windows7).
RemovedByUser .
None .
, ,
JumpItemsRemovedByUser,
JumpItem. ,
, , , -
JumpTask.
.

JumpItemsRejected
JumpItemsRemovedByUser
,
JumpList.Apply, , WPF
Shell Win32 API. Windows Shell

, .
(, WPF) . Win
dows , ;
, . , Windows
, ,
,
.
Apply JumpList ,
JumpTask JumpPath,
. ,
, ,
. Apply WPF
JumpList , .
( ) Apply, WPF
,
.
287

WPF4 Window TaskbarItemInfo (
System.Windows.Shell.TaskbarItemInfo),
. ,
,
Description TaskbarItemInfo :
<Window ...>
<Window.TaskbarItemInfo>
<TaskbarItemInfo Description="Custom tooltip"/>
</Window.TaskbarItemInfo>
...
</Window>
C#:
public MainWindow()
{
...
this.TaskbarItemInfo = new TaskbarItemInfo();
this.TaskbarItemInfo.Description = "Custom tooltip";
}
.8.12 . , TaskbarItemInfo
.
.8.12. ,
TaskbarItemInfo.Description

. ,
, .
Windows, Internet Explorer.
, .
288
8. Windows 7
,
TaskbarItemInfo: ProgressValue ProgressState. ProgressValue
double 0 (0%) 1 (100%),
. ProgressState
, TaskbarItemProgressState:
Normal .
Paused .
Error .
Indeterminate ,
, Progress
Value.
None . .

, . ,
, . ,
. ,
, ProgressState Paused.
Indeterminate ProgressState ,
, .
ProgressValue ,
.
ProgressState ProgressValue ,
. .8.13
ProgressState , ProgressValue
.85.
Paused
Normal
Indeterminate
Error
None
.8.13. ProgressState,
,

,

. TaskbarItemInfo
Overlay ImageSource (
).
.8.14 , :
289
<Window ...>
<TaskbarItemInfo Overlay="overlay.png"/>
...
</Window>
overlay.png
.8.14.
,
, .
, Taskbar
ItemInfo , Windows,
Windows7.
.
Overlay null,
.
Overlay
.
!

,
,
. TaskbarItemInfo
. ThumbnailClipMargin ( Thickness),
.
.8.15 .
Photo Gallery ThumbnailClipMargin
( )

.
290
8. Windows 7
.8.15. ,

, TaskbarItemInfo,
, Windows Media Player:
/, , .
ThumbButtonInfos ThumbButtonInfo.
ThumbButtonInfo WPF UIElement,
, .
, ImageSource.
ThumbButtonInfo ImageSource, ,
Description, , Click. (
, Button, Click .)
, ThumbButtonInfo Command
CommandTarget CommandParameter,
.
ThumbButtonInfo Visibility,
. ( ,
, WPF .)
: IsEnabled, IsInteractive, IsBackgroundVisible DismissWhenClicked;
, , true. (background),
IsBackgroundVisible,
, .
.8.16
Photo Gallery:
<Window ...>
291
<TaskbarItemInfo>
<TaskbarItemInfo.ThumbButtonInfos>
<ThumbButtonInfo Description="Previous" Click="..."
ImageSource="Images\previousSmall.gif"/>
<ThumbButtonInfo Description="Slideshow" Click="..."
ImageSource="Images\slideshowSmall.gif"/>
<ThumbButtonInfo Description="Next" Click="..."
ImageSource="Images\nextSmall.gif"/>
<ThumbButtonInfo Description="Undo" Click="..."
ImageSource="Images\counterclockwiseSmall.gif"/>
<ThumbButtonInfo Description="Redo" Click="..."
ImageSource="Images\clockwiseSmall.gif"/>
<ThumbButtonInfo Description="Delete" Click="..."
ImageSource="Images\deleteSmall.gif"/>
</TaskbarItemInfo.ThumbButtonInfos>
</TaskbarItemInfo>
...
</Window>
.8.16.
ThumbButtonInfo!
,
ThumbButtonInfos .
,
Visibility Collapsed (
). ,
, ,
,
Visibility.
292
8. Windows 7
FAQ

?
. Windows
.
Aero Glass
Aero Glass , ,
. Win
dows Vista. WPF-,
DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea Win32 API. ( Dwm
Desktop Window Manager.) Window
( .8.17)
,
( .8.18).
WPF-,
.
.8.17. Window
Aero Glass
293
.8.18.
Visual C++ DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea

. C# Visual Basic
PInvoke ( DllImport). PInvoke
C# API Desktop Window Manager.
8.5 PInvoke ,
PInvoke.
8.5. Aero Glass C#
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MARGINS
{
public MARGINS(Thickness t)
{
Left = (int)t.Left;
Right = (int)t.Right;
Top = (int)t.Top;
Bottom = (int)t.Bottom;
}
public int Left;
public int Right;
public int Top;
public int Bottom;
}
public class GlassHelper
{
294
8. Windows 7
[DllImport("dwmapi.dll", PreserveSig=false)]
static extern void DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(
IntPtr hWnd, ref MARGINS pMarInset);
[DllImport("dwmapi.dll", PreserveSig=false)]
static extern bool DwmIsCompositionEnabled();
public static bool ExtendGlassFrame(Window window, Thickness margin)
{
if (!DwmIsCompositionEnabled())
return false;
IntPtr hwnd = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;
if (hwnd == IntPtr.Zero)
throw new InvalidOperationException(
"The Window must be shown before extending glass.");
// WPF, Win32
window.Background = Brushes.Transparent;
HwndSource.FromHwnd(hwnd).CompositionTarget.BackgroundColor =
Colors.Transparent;
MARGINS margins = new MARGINS(margin);
DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(hwnd, ref margins);
return true;
}
}
GlassHelper.ExtendGlassFrame Window
Thickness; ,
,
. ( ,
1.) ,
( Aero Glass),
Thickness MARGINS,
DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea, ,
HWND. Background Window
Transparent, .
. 19
.
WPF- Window GlassHelper.Extend
GlassFrame :
protected override void OnSourceInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnSourceInitialized(e);
// SourceInitialized:
GlassHelper.ExtendGlassFrame(this, new Thickness(-1));
// ,
// ,
Aero Glass
295
IntPtr hwnd = new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle;

HwndSource.FromHwnd(hwnd).AddHook(new HwndSourceHook(WndProc));
}
private IntPtr WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, int msg, IntPtr wParam,
IntPtr lParam, ref bool handled)
{
if (msg == WM_DWMCOMPOSITIONCHANGED)
{
// :
GlassHelper.ExtendGlassFrame(this, new Thickness(-1));
handled = true;
}
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
private const int WM_DWMCOMPOSITIONCHANGED = 0x031E;
,
, ,
.
, Remote Desktop (
).
, Win32 WM_DWMCOMPOSI
TIONCHANGED. ,
19.
.8.19 Photo
Gallery.
.8.19. Photo Gallery
296
8. Windows 7
TaskDialog
MessageBox ,
.
, Windows Vista ,
MessageBox TaskDialog, .
Windows

.
,
TaskDialog Win32 API. Aero Glass,
PInvoke. 8.6
PInvoke TaskDialog .
8.6. TaskDialog C#
[DllImport("comctl32.dll", PreserveSig=false, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
static extern TaskDialogResult TaskDialog(IntPtr hwndParent, IntPtr hInstance,
string title, string mainInstruction,string content,
TaskDialogButtons buttons, TaskDialogIcon icon);
enum TaskDialogResult
{
Ok=1,
Cancel=2,
Retry=4,
Yes=6,
No=7,
Close=8
}
[Flags]
enum TaskDialogButtons
{
Ok = 0x0001,
Yes = 0x0002,
No = 0x0004,
Cancel = 0x0008,
Retry = 0x0010,
Close = 0x0020
}
enum TaskDialogIcon
{
Warning = 65535,
Error = 65534,
Information = 65533,
Shield = 65532
}
TaskDialog
297
MessageBox, TaskDialog
, . ,
. .8.20 8.21
MessageBox TaskDialog,
:
// MessageBox
result = MessageBox.Show("Are you sure you want to delete '" + filename + "'?",
"Delete Picture", MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Warning);
// TaskDialog
result = TaskDialog(new System.Windows.Interop.WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle,
IntPtr.Zero, "Delete Picture",
"Are you sure you want to delete '" + filename + "'?",
"This will delete the picture permanently, rather than sending it
to the Recycle Bin.",
TaskDialogButtons.Yes | TaskDialogButtons.No,
TaskDialogIcon.Warning);
.8.20. MessageBox Windows7

.8.21. TaskDialog
298
8. Windows 7
TaskDialog 6 Windows Common

Controls DLL (ComCtl32.dll)!
.
6 ,
(
[YourAppName].exe.manifest), :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0"
processorArchitecture="X86" name="YourAppName" type="win32" />
<description>Your description</description>
<dependency>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity
type="win32" name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
version="6.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="X86"
publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df" language="*" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
</assembly>
Win32
( RT_MANIFEST ID, 1),
. Visual Studio,
.

, TaskDialog
"Unable to find an entry point named 'TaskDialog' in DLL
'comctl32.dll'". ,
TaskDialog.
Win32, MessageBox,
.
TaskDialog
TaskDialogIndirect. Windows SDK
Win32 .NET.
PInvoke Win32 API
http://pinvoke.net.
299

, Windows 7,
, Windows Vista. , WPF
XAML
.NET- . ,
Windows Vista, PInvoke,
Win32 API.
,
.
Windows7,
WPF. ,
Win32 API Windows7 (Windows Vista).
,
,
Windows API Code Pack http://code.msdn.micro
soft.com/WindowsAPICodePack. ,
Windows7 Windows Vista
.
,
.
WPF4,
Windows7,
WPF Shell Integration Library,
http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WPFShell.
.NET Framework 3.5
System.Windows.Shell WPF4. API
(, 3.5 Taskbar
ItemInfo , ),

WPF.
, Win
dows, , ,
(, ,
).
300
8. Windows 7

System.Windows.Shell WPF
Windows. Windows Vista,
, JumpList, TaskbarItemInfo .,
, .
PInvoke,
Windows
. .NET
System.Environment.OSVersion. :
if (System.Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major >= 6)
// Windows Vista , TaskDialog
else
// Windows Vista, MessageBox
Windows7 6.1, Windows Vis

ta 6.0.
III
III.
9
10
11 ,
9.

,
. Win
dows Presentation Foundation .
.
,
.
,
WPF Aero, Windows7 Windows Vista.
WPF ,
. , WPF DLL- ,
Windows:
Aero ( Windows7 Windows Vista)
Luna ( Windows XP)
Royale ( Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Win
dows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005)
Classic ( Windows2000 )
.9.1 WPF
Windows. WPF ,
Zune, Microsoft 2006, Classic.
Aero
Luna
Royale
.9.1. WPF
Classic
304
9.
. ,

( )
, 14 , ,
.
WPF
, :
( )
(10
)
(11 ,
)
(11)
,
, .
, System.Windows.Controls.ContentControl,
Content Object, (
Button, 2
XAML).

, , ,
. .
Content, ContentControl
HasContent. false, Content null, true
.
:

FAQ
ContentControl HasContent?
Content==null , HasContent==false!
WPF API, ,
.NET API! C# HasContent .
XAML . ,
,
, HasContent true.
305
Window, 7
,
. Content -
Panel, Grid,
.

Content
Content , ,
, , ,
, Hashtable TimeZone. :
, UIElement,
OnRender . ,
(. 13 ),
.
ToString -
TextBlock.
, ,
. WPF Button, .9.1,
.
, ,
( , WPF) .
, ,
.
ButtonBase, .
ButtonBase Click ,
. Windows,

Enter , .
ButtonBase IsPressed ,
- ,
( ,
).
ButtonBase ClickMode.
, ClickMode,
, Click.
: Release ( ), Press Hover. ClickMode
306
9.
,
,
- . ,
, .

Click
Click, ButtonBase
, MouseLeftButtonDown MouseLeftButtonUp. Click
Mode Release Press,
, ButtonBase, ButtonBase
MouseButtonEventArgs.Handled true. Hover
MouseEnter MouseLeave.
,
ButtonBase, Preview- (PreviewMou
seLeftButtonDown, PreviewMouseLeftButtonUp ..),
Add
Handler, .
ButtonBase
, .
Button
RepeatButton
ToggleButton
CheckBox
RadioButton
ButtonBase ,

, Calendar DataGrid.
Button
Button WPF , ButtonBase,
: .
. ,
( Window, ShowDialog),
Button.IsCancel true,
DialogResult false.
Button.IsDefault true, Enter
, .
307
FAQ
IsDefault IsDefaulted Button?
IsDefault ,
. , IsDefaulted
( ) .
, ,
Enter . , IsDe
faulted true : IsDefault
true , TextBox
( AcceptsReturn false).
Enter , TextBox.
FAQ
?
Button, WPF,
System.Windows.Automation.Peers,
: ButtonAutomationPeer.
myButton :
ButtonAutomationPeer bap = new ButtonAutomationPeer(myButton);
IInvokeProvider iip = bap.GetPattern(PatternInterface.Invoke)
as IInvokeProvider;
iip.Invoke(); //
,

.
RepeatButton
RepeatButton , Button,
Click , . ( ,
,
ButtonBase.) Click
Delay Interval, SystemParameters.KeyboardDelay
SystemParameters.KeyboardSpeed . RepeatButton
, Button (. .9.1).
RepeatButton ,
( ) ,
. ,
,
308
9.
. :
( WPF),
, , RepeatButton
. RepeatButton Sys
tem.Windows.Controls.Primitives, , ,
, .
ToggleButton
ToggleButton ,
(
). IsChecked
true, false. ToggleButton
, Button RepeatButton.
ToggleButton IsThreeState; true,
IsChecked : true, false null.
IsChecked Nullable<Boolean> (bool?
C#). IsChe
cked true, null, false ..
, , Preview , IsChecked
, OnToggle
ToggleButton, .
IsChecked, ToggleButton
IsChecked: Checked true, Unchecked false
Indeterminate null. ,
IsCheckedChanged, , ,
.
RepeatButton, ToggleButton System.
Windows.Controls.Primitives, WPF ,
.
ToolBar,
10.
CheckBox
CheckBox, . 9.2,
. ,
? - ,
CheckBox WPF:
,
( ).

.
: .
309
,
.
? , CheckBox ,
ToggleButton ! CheckBox
ToggleButton ,
, .9.2.
.9.2. WPF CheckBox

CheckBox
CheckBox ,
ToggleButton,
Win32. CheckBox , (+)
, () ! , ,
IsThreeState false.
RadioButton
RadioButton , ToggleButton.
.
RadioButton ,
.
- RadioButton
.
-
RadioButton, ; .
, RadioButton
, . . 9.3
RadioButton.
RadioButton (IsThree
State=true IsChecked=null) ,
;
. RadioButton
, -
, .
310
9.
.9.3. WPF RadioButton
RadioButton
. ,
, .
, :
<StackPanel>
<RadioButton>Option 1</RadioButton>
</StackPanel>

.
- ,
GroupName,
. GroupName
( , ).
, ,
:
<StackPanel>
<StackPanel>
<RadioButton GroupName="A">Option 1</RadioButton>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
:
<StackPanel>
<RadioButton
<RadioButton
<RadioButton
<RadioButton
</StackPanel>
GroupName="A">Option 1</RadioButton>
GroupName="A">Option 2</RadioButton>
GroupName="B">A Different Option 1</RadioButton>
GroupName="B">A Different Option 2</RadioButton>
, -
, , ,
!
311

WPF ,
, , .
. :
Label
ToolTip
Frame
Label
Label () , ,
, . ,
WPF, Content
Button, Menu ..,
- .
WPF ,
TextBlock.
. ,

Alt . ,
,
. ( Windows
), .
,
Target ( UIElement).
, Label Button,
, ,
, _Open Save_As. (Win32 Windows Forms
[&],
XML.) ,
, , __Open Save __As.

TextBox. , XAML-
TextBox Alt+U:
<Label Target="userNameBox">_User Name:</Label>
<TextBox x:Name="userNameBox"/>
Target
NameReferenceConverter, 2. C#
312
9.
TextBox (,
userNameLabel):
userNameLabel.Target = userNameBox;
ToolTip
ToolTip ( )
, ,
, ,
. .9.4
ToolTip,
XAML-:
<Button>
OK
<Button.ToolTip>
<ToolTip>
Clicking this will submit your request.
</ToolTip>
</Button.ToolTip>
</Button>
ToolTip UIElement
. ToolTip (
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement).
.9.4. WPF ToolTip
ToolTip , ToolTip
! Object,
, ToolTip, ToolTip
.
XAML-, .9.4, :
<Button>
OK
<Button.ToolTip>
Clicking this will submit your request.
</Button.ToolTip>
</Button>
:
<Button Content="OK" ToolTip="Clicking this will submit your request."/>
313
WPF ToolTip
! 9.1 ,
(ScreenTip) Microsoft Office.
.9.5.
9.1.
Microsoft Office ScreenTip
<CheckBox>
CheckBox
<CheckBox.ToolTip>
<StackPanel>
<Label FontWeight="Bold" Background="Blue" Foreground="White">
The CheckBox
</Label>
<TextBlock Padding="10" TextWrapping="WrapWithOverflow" Width="200">
CheckBox is a familiar control. But in WPF, it's not much
more than a ToggleButton styled differently!
</TextBlock>
<Line Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="1" X2="200"/>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Image Margin="2" Source="help.gif"/>
<Label FontWeight="Bold">Press F1 for more help.</Label>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</CheckBox.ToolTip>
</CheckBox>
.9.5. WPF
Microsoft Office
ToolTip ,
, -
.
ToolTip Open Closed ,
- .
, : ,
, ,
. , ToolTip
314
9.
, , .
ToolTipService.
ToolTipService ,
, ToolTip (
ToolTip).
ToolTip ( ,
), . , ShowDuration
, ,
, Initial
ShowDelay
. , ToolTip,
ShowDuration :
<Button ToolTipService.ShowDuration="3000">
...
</Button>
FAQ
,
?
ShowOnDisabled
ToolTipService.
XAML :
<Button ToolTipService.ShowOnDisabled="True">
...
</Button>
C# ,
:
ToolTipService.SetShowOnDisabled(myButton, true);
FAQ
?
false IsOpen.
Frame
Frame ,
.
.
315
, (
WPF) .
Frame WPF HTML-.
HTML, Frame
, WPF-, HTML-
. Frame Source System.Uri,
HTML ( XAML). :
<Frame Source="http://www.adamnathan.net"/>
Frame -
NavigationFailed,
, NavigationFailedEventArgs.Handled
true. (, WebExcep
tion) . NavigationFailedEventArgs,
,
.
7 , Frame
,
HTML-, XAML-. Frame
ActiveX Microsoft Web Browser
WPF WebBrowser.
Frame WPF WebBrowser (

WPF3.5 SP1) HTML.
HTML-,
Stream, HTML DOM
. , Silverlight-
WPF-: URL, XAP- Silver
light. , WebBrowser ;
WPF
.
, Frame HTML-,
,
WPF (- , HTML
Win32). , HTML- WPF-
, ,
Opacity .. Frame
HTML;
316
9.
URL- . ,
HTML-, WPF
WebBrowser.

Content Frame
Frame Content,
XAML. ,
Frame XAML . Con
tent :
<Frame>
<Frame.Content>
...
</Frame.Content>
</Frame>
Frame ContentProper
tyAttribute, [ContentProperty("Content")]
ContentControl. ?
WPF, ,
Content Frame,
Source,
. , Frame
,
NavigationWindow, 7. ,
Source Content, Content.

(
, ..).
,
.
ContentControl, HeaderedContentControl
Header Object.
GroupBox
GroupBox
. .9.6 GroupBox,
CheckBox. XAML-:
<GroupBox Header="Grammar">
<StackPanel>
317
<CheckBox>Check grammar as you type</CheckBox>

<CheckBox>Hide grammatical errors in this document</CheckBox>
<CheckBox>Check grammar with spelling</CheckBox>
</StackPanel>
</GroupBox>
.9.6. WPF GroupBox
, GroupBox ,
,
. GroupBox
- ,
. , StackPanel.
Content, Header ,
, UIElement,
. , Header Button (. ),
, .9.7:
<GroupBox>
<GroupBox.Header>
<Button>Grammar</Button>
</GroupBox.Header>
<StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</GroupBox>
.9.7. GroupBox Button

WPF
.9.7 .
, ..
318
9.
Expander
Expander ,
,

, Windows Forms! Expander GroupBox,
,
( ).
.9.8 Expander.
, .9.6,
GroupBox Expander:
<Expander Header="Grammar">
<StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Expander>
.9.8. WPF Expander
Expander IsExpanded Expanded/Collapsed.

, (Up, Down, Left,
Right) ExpandDirection.
Expander Togg
leButton . Expander,
, Togg
leButton RepeatButton.
! WPF Button,
,
, .
, ,
, ,
(items controls).
10.
10
, WPF
,
,
- .
ItemsControl, , ContentControl,
Control.
ItemsControl Items ( ItemCollec
tion). ,
,
. , UIElement
, ( )
TextBlock, ,
ToString.
ListBox
.
ListBoxItem, :
<ListBox xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
<Button>Button</Button>
<Expander Header="Expander"/>
<sys:DateTime>1/1/2012</sys:DateTime>
</ListBox>
( sys:DateTime x:DateTime,
,
XAML-.)
320
10.
Items,
Items . ,
.10.1. UIElement (Button Expander)
. DateTime
, ToString.
.10.1. ListBox,
2 XAML , Items
. ,
, , Items
. ItemsControl
ItemsSource,
.
ItemsSource 13
.
,
.
:
(, -)
.
13.

Items ItemsSource, ItemsControl
, :
HasItems ,
XAML-.
C#
Items.Count.
IsGrouping , .
, , ,
.
321
ItemsCollection,
.
13.
AlternationCount AlternationIndex
-
. , AlternationCount 2,
,
. 14 ,
, .
DisplayMemberPath ;
( ),
.
ItemsPanel ,
,
.

.
DisplayMemberPath
. 10.2 , ,
ListBox DisplayMemberPath:
<ListBox xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
DisplayMemberPath="DayOfWeek">
<Expander Header="Expander"/>
</ListBox>
.10.2. ListBox, .10.1,

DisplayMemberPath, DayOfWeek
DisplayMemberPath DayOfWeek, WPF ,

DayOfWeek ( ). - .10.2
DateTime Sunday, Monday Tuesday. (
322
10.
ToString DayOfWeek
DayOfWeek.) Button Expander DayOfWeek,
TextBlock.

WPF
DisplayMemberPath
, WPF ,
. ,
,
.
,
, (..),
, C#.
.
, , , FirstButton
Button, Content
"OK". ("OK")
:
FirstButton.Content
(2):
FirstButton.Content.Length
('O'):
FirstButton.Content[0]
C#,
.
ItemsPanel
WPF,
,
, .
WPF ,
,
,
. -,
(items panel), ,
, .
,
5 (
, Panel). , ListBox
, XAML-
323
WrapPanel, Photo
Gallery 7 :
<ListBox>
<ListBox.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<WrapPanel/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemsPanel>
...
</ListBox>
XAML- ,
, C#:
FrameworkElementFactory panelFactory = new
FrameworkElementFactory(typeof(WrapPanel));
myListBox.ItemsPanel = new ItemsPanelTemplate(panelFactory);
FanCanvas,
21 :
<ListBox>
<custom:FanCanvas/>
...
</ListBox>
. 10.3
Photo Gallery ( ListBox Viewbox)
, .
, ListBox ,
.
.10.3. ListBox FanCanvas ItemsPanel
324
10.
FAQ
ListBox ,
?
ListBox VirtualizingStackPanel,
.
, VirtualizingStackPanel, Orien
tation Horizontal:
<ListBox>
<VirtualizingStackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"/>
...
</ListBox>

ItemsPanel Virtuali
zingStackPanel. WPF4 ,
, .
VirtualizingStackPanel.
VirtualizationMode Recycling.
() ,
, .

, ListBox, ItemsPre
senter, ItemsPanel:
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
<Border ...>
<ScrollViewer Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" Focusable="false">
<ItemsPresenter SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/>
</ScrollViewer>
</Border>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
...
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
ScrollViewer ,
. ,
,
ScrollViewer.
325

ListBox
:
ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility Auto
ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility Auto
ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll true
ScrollViewer.IsDeferredScrollingEnabled false
CanContentScroll true, ,
false .
, .
IsDeferredScrollingEnabled false,
. true,
ScrollViewer
, .

, IsDeferredScrollingEnabled true

. , Microsoft Outlook
.
ListBox,
, ScrollViewer
:
<ListBox
ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="False"
ScrollViewer.IsDeferredScrollingEnabled="True"
>
...
</ListBox>
ListBox , .
,
: , .
,
.
Selector, ItemsControl, ,
. ,
:
326
10.
SelectedIndex ,
, -1, .
.
SelectedItem .
SelectedValue .
, SelectedValue , SelectedItem.
SelectedValuePath
,
(SelectedValuePath DisplayMemberPath).
,
, .
Selector ,
:
IsSelected ,
( , ).
IsSelectionActive ,
, .
Selector SelectionChanged,
. 6
: , ,
ListBox,
.
WPF , Selector:
ComboBox
ListBox
ListView
TabControl
DataGrid
.
ComboBox
.10.4 ComboBox
. , .
, ,
.
, , Alt+
, Alt+ F4.
ComboBox DropDownOpened DropDownClosed
IsDropDownOpen.
. , ComboBox
DropDownOpened. ,
327
IsDropDownOpen ,
.
.10.4. WPF ComboBox

ComboBox ,
. -
,
. ,
Text ComboBox,
.
IsEditable IsReadOnly,
false. , StaysOpenOnEdit;
true, ,
( Microsoft Office
Win32).
,
. , ComboBox
( ,
). ,
ComboBox, .
10.1 XAML- ComboBox,
. Power
Point, Microsoft Office,
. Office
,
. .10.5
10.1, , ,
IsEditable true.
10.1. ComboBox ,
Microsoft Office
<ComboBox>

<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5">
<Image Source="CurtainCall.bmp"/>
<TextBlock Margin="5,0" FontSize="14" FontWeight="Bold"
328
10.
VerticalAlignment="center">Curtain Call</TextBlock>
<TextBlock Margin="5" VerticalAlignment="center"
TextWrapping="Wrap">
Whimsical, with a red curtain background that represents
a stage.
</TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>

<Image Source="Fireworks.bmp"/>
<TextBlock Margin="5,0" FontSize="14" FontWeight="Bold"
VerticalAlignment="center">Fireworks</TextBlock>
<TextBlock Margin="5" VerticalAlignment="center"
TextWrapping="Wrap">
Sleek, with a black sky containing fireworks. When you need
to celebrate PowerPoint-style, this design is for you!
</TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
... ...
</ComboBox>
IsEditable=False ( )
IsEditable=True
.10.5. IsEditable true

, ToString
, "System.Windows.Controls.Stack
Panel" , TextSearch.
, ,
.
329
FAQ
IsEditable IsReadOnly
ComboBox?
IsEditable true, ComboBox .
IsReadOnly , ,
, IsReadOnly TextBox. , IsReadOnly
, IsEditable true, , IsEditable
true, , . .10.1
ComboBox
.
10.1. ComboBox
IsEditable IsReadOnly
IsEditable
IsReadOnly
false
false

,
( )
false
true
true
false
true
true
ComboBox TextSearch.TextPath
, ( )
. , DisplayMemberPath Selected
ValuePath;
.
10.1
TextBlock,
("Curtain Call" "Fireworks"). TextBlock
StackPanel,
StackPanel (
), TextBlock ( StackPanel).
, TextPath 10.1
:
<ComboBox IsEditable="True" TextSearch.TextPath="Children[1].Children[0].Text">
...
</ComboBox>
330
10.

, .
; , TextPath,
.
TextSearch Text;
, ComboBox.
Text ,
. 10.1
:
<ComboBox IsEditable="True">

<StackPanel TextSearch.Text="Curtain Call" Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5">
...
</StackPanel>

<StackPanel TextSearch.Text="Fireworks" Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5">
...
</StackPanel>
... ...
</ComboBox>
TextSearch.TextPath ComboBox
, TextSearch.Text . Text
Path , Text
, .
.10.6 TextSearch.
TextPath TextSearch.Text.
.10.6. TextSearch
, Office
331
TextSearch, IsTextSearch
Enabled ItemsControl false. IsTextSearchCaseSensitive,
ItemsControl ( false),
,
.
FAQ

SelectionChanged?
SelectionChanged ,
, ComboBox,
, .
SelectionChangedEventArgs
IList: AddedItems RemovedItems. AddedItems
, RemovedItems
. ,
:
void ComboBox_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.AddedItems.Count > 0)
object newSelection = e.AddedItems[0];
}
, -
( )!
ComboBox ,
, IsEditable true, IsReadOnly false.
,
, SelectionChanged ,
AddedItems .
ComboBoxItem
ComboBox
ComboBoxItem. ( , ,
, .)
(, ComboBoxItem
). 10.1 :

<ComboBoxItem TextSearch.Text="Curtain Call">
...
</StackPanel>
332
10.
</ComboBoxItem>

<ComboBoxItem TextSearch.Text="Fireworks">
...
</StackPanel>
</ComboBoxItem>
... ...
, TextSearch.Text
ComboBoxItem, StackPanel
.
TextSearch.TextPath, Content.Children[1].Children[0].Text.
FAQ
ComboBoxItem?
ComboBoxItem IsSelected IsHighlighted
Selected Unselected. ComboBoxItem

( IsEditable false): ComboBox
,
, Content.
ComboBoxItem ( ),
, .
ComboBoxItem ,
ComboBox ( ,
TextBlock Label). :
<ComboBox>
<ComboBoxItem>Item 1</ComboBoxItem>
<ComboBoxItem>Item 2</ComboBoxItem>
</ComboBox>
ListBox
ListBox ComboBox,
, (
, ). . 10.7
ListBox, , 10.1.
, ListBox ,
. Selecti
onMode, (
SelectionMode):
Single , Com
boBox. .
333
.10.7. WPF ListBox

Multiple .
SelectedItems,
.
Extended ,
.
,
Shift ( ) Ctrl
( , ).
ListBox Win32.
ComboBox ComboBoxItem, ListBox
ListBoxItem. .
ComboBoxItem ListBoxItem,
IsSelected Selected Unselected.

ListBox
ListBox SelectedItems,
SelectionMode,
Selector SelectedIndex, SelectedItem SelectedValue,
.
, SelectedItem
SelectedItems ( ,
), SelectedIndex SelectedValue
. , ,
, . ,
ListBox SelectedIndices SelectedValues.
334
10.
TextSearch,
ComboBox, ListBox. ,
.10.7 TextSearch.Text,
F , ListBox ,
Fireworks. TextSearch ,
S , S
System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel. (
!)
FAQ
ListBox?
ListBox .
,
. ,
, ,
false ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll,
ListBox, .
,
.
,
. , ,
, ,
CanContentScroll false
, .
FAQ
ListBox (
ItemsControl)?
, ItemsCollection,
,
ItemsControl. ItemsCollection SortDescriptions.
, System.Compo
nentModel.SortDescription. ,
,
. ,
ContentControl Content:
//
myItemsControl.Items.SortDescriptions.Clear();
// Content
myItemsControl.Items.SortDescriptions.Add(
new SortDescription("Content", ListSortDirection.Ascending));
335
FAQ
ItemsControl
, ,
UI Spy?
, FrameworkElement,
Name,
.
, ,
AutomationProperties.
AutomationID ( System.Windows.Automation).
ListView
ListView, ListBox, ,
ListBox, , Extended
SelectionMode. ListView View,
,
ItemsPanel.
View ViewBase, .
WPF , GridView.
(Details) Windows. (
- WPF GridView DetailsView.)
.10.8 ListView,
XAML-, , sys
System mscorlib.dll:
<ListView>
<ListView.View>
<GridView>
<GridViewColumn Header="Date"/>
<GridViewColumn Header="Day of Week"
DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding DayOfWeek}"/>
<GridViewColumn Header="Year" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Year}"/>
</GridView>
</ListView.View>
</ListView>
GridView Columns,
GridViewColumn, ,
. WPF ListViewItem,
ListBoxItem. DateTime
ListViewItem, .
336
10.
.10.8. WPF ListView GridView
, ListView,
, ListBox,
DisplayMemberBinding GridView
Column. , ListView
, .
, DisplayMemberPath, ItemsCont
rol, DisplayMemberBinding
(. 13).
, GridView -
Windows, :

.

.

.
GridView
, , , .

( SortDescriptions),
,
, . , ListView
GridView DataGrid. ,
WPF4 DataGrid, GridView
.
TabControl
, TabControl,
. . 10.9 , TabControl
. ,
TabStripPlacment ( Dock) (Left),
(Right) (Bottom).
TabControl . -
.
:
337
<TabControl>
<TextBlock>Content for Tab 1.</TextBlock>
</TabControl>
.10.9. WPF TabControl
ComboBox ComboBoxItem, ListBox ListBoxItem ..,

TabControl TabItem.
, , - ,
TabItem, TabControl, TabItem
. , .10.9
XAML-:
<TabControl>
<TabItem Header="Tab 1">Content for Tab 1.</TabItem>
</TabControl>
TabItem , Header
GroupBox Expander.
, TabItem
.
, null SelectedItem -1
SelectedIndex.
DataGrid
DataGrid
, ,
.
(, System.Data.DataTable ADO.NET).
Visual Studio , LINQ to SQL,
.
10.2 XAML- DataGrid,
Record:
public class Record
{
338
public
public
public
public
public
}
10.
string FirstName {
string LastName {
Uri Website {
bool IsBillionaire {
Gender Gender {
get;
get;
get;
get;
get;
set;
set;
set;
set;
set;
}
}
}
}
}
Gender :
public enum Gender
{
Male,
Female
}
, .10.10 (
Record), Columns.
10.2. DataGrid

<DataGrid IsReadOnly="True"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Listing10_2"

<DataGrid.Resources>
<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="genderEnum" MethodName="GetValues"
ObjectType="{x:Type sys:Enum}">
<ObjectDataProvider.MethodParameters>
<x:Type Type="local:Gender"/>
</ObjectDataProvider.MethodParameters>
</ObjectDataProvider>
</DataGrid.Resources>

<DataGrid.Columns>
<DataGridTextColumn Header="First Name" Binding="{Binding FirstName}"/>
<DataGridTextColumn Header="Last Name" Binding="{Binding LastName}"/>
<DataGridHyperlinkColumn Header="Website" Binding="{Binding Website}"/>
<DataGridCheckBoxColumn Header="Billionaire?"
Binding="{Binding IsBillionaire}"/>
<DataGridComboBoxColumn Header="Gender" SelectedItemBinding="{Binding Gender}"
ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource genderEnum}}"/>
</DataGrid.Columns>

<local:Record FirstName="Adam" LastName="Nathan"
Website="http://adamnathan.net" Gender="Male"/>
<local:Record FirstName="Bill" LastName="Gates"
Website="http://twitter.com/billgates" IsBillionaire="True" Gender="Male"/>
</DataGrid>
339
.10.10. WPF DataGrid, 10.2
DataGrid
, ,
false : CanUserReor
derColumns, CanUserResizeColumns, CanUserResizeRows CanUserSortColumns.
GridLinesVisibility HeadersVisibility
.
10.2 ,
DataGrid:
DataGridTextColumn ,
TextBlock,
TextBox.
DataGridHyperlinkColumn
, . , ,
(,
). .
DataGridCheckBoxColumn ,
CheckBox,
true, false.
DataGridComboBoxColumn ,
TextBlock,
ComboBox, .
WPF :
DataGridTemplateColumn
.
CellTemplate CellEditingTemplate.

, DataGrid,
ItemsSource,
.
DataGridTextColumn, URI Data
GridHyperlinkColumn, Da
taGridCheckBoxColumn, Data
GridComboBoxColumn (
).
340
10.
, DataGrid:
<DataGrid Name="dataGrid" />
, .10.10,
ItemsSource, :
dataGrid.ItemsSource = new Record[]
{
new Record { FirstName="Adam", LastName="Nathan", Website=
new Uri("http://adamnathan.net"), Gender=Gender.Male },
new Record { FirstName="Bill", LastName="Gates", Website=
new Uri("http://twitter.com/billgates"), Gender=Gender.Male,
IsBillionaire=true }
};
,
. .10.11.
.10.11. WPF DataGrid ,

Record
,
DataGrid .10.11
.
Items DataGrid .
,
TextBox, CheckBox ,
Gender ()
ComboBox . ,
, ,
F2.
ItemsSource. (, IsBillionaire (
)
. , - .)
DataGrid - ,
.
,
AutoGeneratingColumn, .
AutoGeneratedColumns.
341
,
AutoGenerateColumns false.

DataGrid
SelectionMode SelectionUnit. SelectionMode
Single ,
Extended (
).
SelectionUnit:
Cell .
FullRow .
CellOrRowHeader (
).
Shift
, Ctrl
.
Selected, SelectedItems
. DataGrid
10.2 Record.
SelectedCellChanged, SelectedCells
DataGridCellInfo,
. DataGridRow
DataGridCell Selected, IsSelec
ted true.
,
.
CurrentCell. , CurrentColumn
, CurrentCell,
CurrentItem , ,
CurrentCell.

MultiSelector,
Selector WPF 3.5.
WPF , Da
taGrid MultiSelector.

DataGrid ,
, ,
.
. ,
DataGrid (, Ctrl+C
342
10.
), ClipboardCopyMode.
:
ExcludeHeader .
.
IncludeHeader .
None .
. DataGrid (
UIElement , ,

), .
EnableRowVirtualization ( false,
) EnableColumnVirtualization ( true,
). EnableColumnVirtualization
true,
.
. DataGrid
RowDe
tailsTemplate. :
<DataGrid ...>
<DataGrid.RowDetailsTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Margin="10" FontWeight="Bold">Details go here.</TextBlock>
</DataTemplate>
</DataGrid.RowDetailsTemplate>
...
</DataGrid>
RowDetailsTemplate
, ,
TextBlock. .10.12 ,
.
.10.12.
DataGrid

( ),
RowDetailsVisibilityMode, :
343
VisibleWhenSelected
. .
Visible .
Collapsed .
. DataGrid
. ,
.
Microsoft Excel. :

.
,
FrozenColumnCount , 0. .10.13 ,
DataGrid 10.2, FrozenColumnCount 2.
, , , -
.
.10.13. DataGrid 10.2,

FrozenColumnCount="2"
FAQ
DataGrid ?
, .
. AreRowDetails
Frozen true,
.p
,
, ItemsSource
.
ItemsSource ,
DataGrid .
344
10.

List<Record> (
):
dataGrid.ItemsSource = new List<Record>(
new Record[]
{
new Record { FirstName="Adam", LastName="Nathan", Website=
new Uri("http://adamnathan.net"), Gender=Gender.Male },
new Record { FirstName="Bill", LastName="Gates", Website=
new Uri("http://twitter.com/billgates"), Gender=Gender.Male,
IsBillionaire=true }
}
);
DataGrid ,
. DataGrid
, (
F2), ( Esc),
( Enter) ( Delete).
IsReadOnly
true, ,
false CanUserAddRows CanUserDeleteRows
. 10.2 IsReadOnly true,
,
Record .
( ) ,
,
: PreparingCellForEdit, BeginningEdit, CellEditEnding/RowEditEnding Initiali
zeNewItem.
CanUserAddRows CanUserDeleteRows
false!
, CanUserAddRows CanUser
DeleteRows false,
true! , IsReadOnly IsEnabled DataGrid
false, false .
:
( CanAddNew CanRemove,
IEditableCollectionView), CanUserAddRows, CanUserDeleteRows
false. , ,
IEditableCollectionView . 13.
345
WPF , : Menu ContextMenu. ,

Win32, WPF -
.
,
.
Menu
Menu
( ). Items
Control Menu IsMainMenu. true
( ), Menu
Alt F10, ,
Win32.
Menu ,
, ,
MenuItem Separator. .10.14
, 10.3.
10.3. MenuItem Separator
<Menu>
<MenuItem Header="_File">
<MenuItem Header="_New..."/>
<MenuItem Header="_Open..."/>
<Separator/>
<MenuItem Header="Sen_d To">
<MenuItem Header="Mail Recipient"/>
<MenuItem Header="My Documents"/>
</MenuItem>
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_Edit">
...
</MenuItem>
<MenuItem Header="_View">
...
</MenuItem>
</Menu>
MenuItem
( HeaderedItemsControl)
. MenuItem Header
( , , . .10.14).
Items, , ,
. Button Label, MenuItem
, .
346
10.
.10.14. WPF
Separator , , Menu
Item, , .10.14.
:
ToolBar StatusBar.
Menu , MenuItem
. .
Icon ,
Header. Icon , Header,
.
IsCheckable MenuItem CheckBox.
InputGestureText
( - ,
Ctrl+O).
MenuItem : Checked, Unchecked, Submenu
Opened, SubmenuClosed Click.
Click,
Command MenuItem.
InputGestureText MenuItem
!
WPF , Windows Forms Visual Ba
sic6, InputGestureText MenuItem "Ctrl+O"
, Ctrl+O
! .
MenuItem ,
Command.
, InputGestureText MenuItem
,
- .
347
Command MenuItem
RoutedUICommand, Header
Text . ,
Header .
FAQ
Menu , ?
Menu ,
ListBox
ItemsPanel,
StackPanel:
<Menu>
<Menu.ItemsPanel>
<StackPanel/>
</Menu.ItemsPanel>
...
</Menu>
StackPanel ,
Orientation . .10.15.
.10.15.
, 90 (
Microsoft Office ,
),
RotateTransform.
ContextMenu
ContextMenu , Menu; ,
MenuItem Separator.
ContextMenu .

, ContextMenu FrameworkElement
348
10.
FrameworkContentElement. ,
(
Shift+F10).
.10.16 ,
ListBox (, ,
10.3):
<ListBox>
<ListBox.ContextMenu>
<ContextMenu>
... MenuItems 10.3...
</ContextMenu>
</ListBox.ContextMenu>
...
</ListBox>
IsOpen Opened/Closed, Context

Menu .
.
Placement , MousePoint
(, Absolute). HorizontalOffset Vertical
Offset .
.10.16. WPF
FAQ
,
?
ToolTipService, ContextMenuService
ShowOnDisabled . :
<ListBox ContextMenuService.ShowOnDisabled="True">
<ListBox.ContextMenu>
...
</ListBox.ContextMenu>
...
</ListBox>
349
, ToolTip ToolTipService,
,
. ContextMenu
ContextMenuService, .
, ,
ContextMenu.

TreeView, ToolBar StatusBar
, ,
.
TreeView
TreeView ,

, .10.17. Aero
, , Luna,
.
Aero
Luna
.10.17. WPF TreeView
TreeView, Menu, .
. TreeView
, -, TreeViewItem.
TreeViewItem, MenuItem, .
Header , Items
(, TreeViewItem).
TreeView, .10.17, XAML:
<TreeView>
<TreeViewItem Header="Desktop">
<TreeViewItem Header="Computer">
...
350
10.
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Recycle Bin">
...
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Control Panel">
<TreeViewItem Header="Programs"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="Security"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="User Accounts"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Network">
...
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeView>
TreeViewItem IsExpanded IsSelected,

,
: Expanded, Collapsed, Selected Unselected. , TreeView
Item : (+)
() ,
, Page Up, Page Down, Home End
.

TreeView Selector
API TreeView Selector,
,
. Tree
View SelectedItem SelectedValue ( Selec
tedIndex). SelectedItemChanged,
, OldValue NewValue,
TreeView .

, WPF4. ,
- , Rad
TreeView Telerik (http://telerik.com/products/wpf/treeview.aspx).
TreeView
, ListBox, .
WPF 4 TreeView ,
Virtuali
zingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing TreeView true.
,
.
351
TreeView TreeViewItem!

TextBlock, ,
, -
, TextBlock, .
Foreground , TextBlock
,
. (
TreeViewItem,
.) ,
. TreeViewItem (
) TextBlock,
.
ToolBar
ToolBar ( )
( )
. .10.18
, XAML-:
<ToolBar RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode="NearestNeighbor">
<Button><Image Source="copy.gif"/></Button>
<Separator/>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="bold.gif"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="italic.gif"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="underline.gif"/></ToggleButton>
<Separator/>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="left.gif"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="right.gif"/></ToggleButton>
<ToggleButton><Image Source="justify.gif"/></ToggleButton>
<Separator/>
<Label>Zoom</Label>
<ComboBox>
...
</ComboBox>
<Separator/>
<Button><Image Source="superscript.gif"/></Button>
<Button><Image Source="subscript.gif"/></Button>
...
</ToolBar>
.10.18. WPF ToolBar
352
10.
, Button ComboBox
, . , Separator
, , Menu. ToolBar

, .
ToolBar ,
ToolBarTray, Frame
workElement. ToolBarTray ToolBar (
ToolBars) , IsLocked true,
.
( ToolBarTray IsLocked,
ToolBar.) ToolBarTray
Orientation; Vertical,
ToolBar .
ToolBar ,
, .
,
, .10.19.
,

OverflowMode ToolBar. ,

(AsNeeded ), (Always) (Never).
.10.19. ,

, Visual Studio,
ToolBar.OverflowMode Never ,
Menu "_Add or Remove Buttons" (
), ToolBar.OverflowMode
Always ( ).
MenuItem ,

, .
353
,
RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode, NearestNeighbor.
,
. ToolBar
.
ToolBar,
Button . ,

. ( Popup Tool
Bar.) - .10.19
, .

ToolBar
:
<ToolBar>
<Button>A</Button>
<Menu>
<MenuItem Header="B"/>
<MenuItem Header="C"/>
</Menu>
<Button>D</Button>
</ToolBar>
ToolBar, Tab,
A B, C, D A
. ,
B C.
KeyboardNavigation System.Windows.Input

. ,
Tab , Key
boardNavigation.TabNavigation ToolBar Continue ( Cyc
le).
, Menu KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNa
vigation, Continue.
354
10.

Header ToolBar
ToolBar (
MenuItem TreeViewItem). Header ,
ToolBarTray.
, ,
ToolBar ( Header),
.
, .
StatusBar
StatusBar , Menu,
, .10.20.
Window .
.10.20. WPF StatusBar
StatusBar, .10.20,
XAML-:
<StatusBar RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode="NearestNeighbor">
<Label>27 Items</Label>
<Separator/>
<Label>Zoom</Label>
<ComboBox>
...
</ComboBox>
<Separator/>
<Button><Image Source="justify.gif"/></Button>
</StatusBar>
StatusBar Separa
tor , ,
ToolBar. StatusBar ( Separator)
StatusBarItem, .

, 5.
355
FAQ
,
?
,
. , 25% StatusBar,
75%. ,
ItemsPanel Grid :
<StatusBar>
<StatusBar.ItemsPanel>
<Grid>
<ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="3*"/>
</Grid>
</StatusBar.ItemsPanel>
<StatusBarItem Grid.Column="0">...</StatusBarItem>
<Separator Grid.Column="1"/>
<StatusBarItem Grid.Column="2">...</StatusBarItem>
</StatusBar>
, StatusBar
Grid.Column ( , ItemsPanel
Grid), 0. ,
, Sta
tusBarItem Separator. , (Label, ComboBox Button
StatusBar) StatusBarItem,
. ,
, StatusBarItem .
, ,
WPF. WPF-
, ,
. , ,
!

. ,
WPF.
, .
Image
Text Ink
11.
11
,
, . , Image, , ProgressBar Slider, , ,
WPF ,
. Calendar DatePicker WPF4.
, FrameworkContent
Element ( Control),
. , WPF.
Image
System.Windows.Controls.Image
( BMP, PNG, GIF, JPG .).
Source System.Windows.Media.ImageSource,
System.Windows.Media.ImageSourceConverter XAML
, :
<Image Source="zoom.gif"/>
ImageSource , URL, . (
, ,
.) Image Stretch
StretchDirection, 5
, .
Image ,
, .
Image RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode,
357
Image
.
NearestNeighbor

, .
ToolBar Sta
tusBar, Photo Gallery 7
. :
<Image RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode="NearestNeighbor" Source="zoom.gif"/>
,
. .11.1
Photo Gallery NearestNeighbor .

RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode="NearestNeighbor"
.11.1. BitmapScalingMode NearestNeighbor,

ImageSource, Source
Image ImageSource,
. , BitmapImage ,
DecodePixelWidth DecodePixelHeight,
, ,
. FormatConvertedBitmap
Image, ,
. XAML-
FormatConvertedBitmap ,
.11.2:

<Image Source="photo.jpg" />

<Image>
<Image.Source>
<FormatConvertedBitmap Source="photo.jpg" DestinationFormat="Gray32Float" />
</Image.Source>
</Image>

<Image>
358
11. ,
<Image.Source>
<FormatConvertedBitmap Source="photo.jpg" DestinationFormat="BlackWhite" />
</Image.Source>
</Image>
</StackPanel>
System.Win
dows.Media.PixelFormats.
Pbgra32
( )
Gray32Float
BlackWhite
.11.2. Image
(. )
Text Ink
TextBlock Label WPF

, .
TextBlock,
:
TextBox
RichTextBox
PasswordBox
InkCanvas
WPF4,
.
WPF . ( ,
WPF
!) WPF
/
.
Text Ink
359
, ,
.
, ,
WPF .
, WPF4 .
, , -
. (, WPF
,
,
.)
.
, , TextOptions.Text
FormattingMode. ,
, Win
dow;
-. TextFormattingMode
Display, WPF 4,
, GDI.
,
(
).
TextFormattingMode ,
,
Ideal.
,
, .
,
, (
).
TextOptions.TextRenderingMode
ClearType, Grayscale, Aliased Auto
(antialiasing). Auto ( )
ClearType,
, Grayscale.
. 11.3 TextFormattingMode
TextRenderingMode, Auto,
.
.11.3. FontSize=11
360
11. ,
TextOptions.TextHintingMode Fixed,
Animated Auto ,
.
FAQ
Display
TextFormattingMode, ?
. (FontSize 15
), Ideal ,
Display, . ,
Display ,
.
Display
ScaleTransform, WPF
, . (
,
, ,
.) ,
, Display .
TextBlock
TextBlock ,
, FontFamily, FontSize, FontStyle, FontWeight FontStretch.
TextBlock ,
Text, Inlines.
, Text,
:

<TextBlock>Text in a TextBlock</TextBlock>
, ,
, Run.
XAML- :
<TextBlock><Run Text="Text in a TextBlock"/></TextBlock>
, , ( Text
Run):
<TextBlock><Run>Text in a TextBlock</Run></TextBlock>
Run .
Run , ,
TextBlock Run,
. , TextBlock
:
Text Ink
361
<TextBlock>
<Run>Text</Run>
<Run> in</Run>
<Run> a</Run>
<Run> TextBlock</Run>
</TextBlock>
. Run
,
, TextBlock,
: FontFamily, FontSize, FontStretch, FontStyle, FontWeight, Foreground TextDeco
rations. XAML-,
.11.4:
<TextBlock>
<Run FontStyle="Italic" FontFamily="Georgia" Foreground="Red">Rich</Run>
<Run FontSize="30" FontFamily="Comic Sans MS" Foreground="Blue"> Text </Run>
<Run FontFamily="Arial Black" Foreground="Orange" FontSize="100">in</Run>
<Run FontFamily="Courier New" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="Green"> a </Run>
<Run FontFamily="Verdana" TextDecorations="Underline">TextBlock</Run>
</TextBlock>
.11.4. Run
TextBlock
, , , ,
, .
,
TextBlock. , TextBlock
,
. Run Inline;
.

TextBlock
TextBlock Text,
. Inlines
XAML, .
, ( HTML).
362
11. ,
Inlines TextBlock
Text.
- Text,
Inlines. , TextBlock .11.4
Text "Rich Text in a TextBlock", .

Run
TextBlock:
<TextBlock>Text in a TextBlock</TextBlock>
:
<TextBlock><Run>Text in a TextBlock</Run></TextBlock>
. ,
LineBreak ( Inline) :
<TextBlock>Text in<LineBreak/>a TextBlock</TextBlock>
:
<TextBlock><Run>Text in<LineBreak/>a TextBlock</Run></TextBlock>
, Run
(Text) , LineBreak
. Text
Block (Inlines) Run,
LineBreak. XAML-:
<TextBlock>Text in<LineBreak/>a TextBlock</TextBlock>
TextBlock, Run,
LineBreak:
<TextBlock><Run>Text in</Run><LineBreak/><Run>a TextBlock</Run></TextBlock>
TextBox
TextBox, .11.5,
.
WPF, TextBox
System.Object, Text.
.11.5. WPF TextBox
Text Ink
363
TextBox ,
, Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo
Redo (. 6 : , ,
) !
TextBox
( , ..),

. TextChanged SelectionChanged.
TextBox (
), .
TextBox , ,
TextWrapping Wrap WrapWithOverflow. Wrap
,
, .
WrapWithOverflow , ,
. ( TextBlock
TextWrapping.)
FAQ
, TextBox
?
AcceptsReturn true,
Enter . , TextBox
.
Text , NewLine,
AcceptsReturn. ,
.
,
TextBox.

TextBox ( RichTextBox),
SpellCheck.IsEnabled true.
, Microsoft Word:
,
, . WPF
, Microsoft Office
( ).
WPF .
364
11. ,
RichTextBox
RichTextBox , TextBox,
(
). .11.6 RichTextBox
.
.11.6. WPF RichTextBox
RichTextBox TextBox (TextBoxBase),

, TextBox, RichTextBox.
TextBox RichTextBox . , TextBox
CaretIndex, Selection
Start SelectionEnd, RichTextBox CaretPosition TextPo
inter Selection TextSelection. , RichText
Box Document FlowDocument,
Text. UIElement,
,
IsDocumentEnabled RichTextBox true. Flow
Document .
PasswordBox
PasswordBox TextBox,
. ,
.11.7.
.11.7. WPF PasswordBox
PasswordBox TextBoxBase,
, Cut, Copy, Undo Redo (
Paste), .
, !
,
PasswordChar. ( ,
, .)
PasswordBox Password.

System.Security.SecureString. SecureString
, System.String
Text Ink
365
,
.
TextboxPasswordChanged.
RoutedEventHandler,
.
, Password.
InkCanvas
InkCanvas
( ,
). .11.8. ,
InkCanvas ,
FrameworkElement, ,
( , ).
.11.8. WPF InkCanvas
InkCanvas
. ,
.
System.Windows.Ink.Stroke,
Strokes. InkCanvas
UIElement Children ( ).
,
.11.9.
.11.9.
366
11. ,
,
Window:
SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight">
<Grid>
<InkCanvas>
<Image Source="http://adamnathan.net/blog/images/anathan.png"/>
</InkCanvas>
</Grid>
</Window>
SizeToContent
, Window
, !
DefaultDrawingAttributes
(, ..). Stroke Drawing
Attributes,
.
InkCanvas ,
( )
EditingMode Editing
ModeInverted. ActiveEditingMode
, .
InkCanvasEditingMode,
:
Ink .
EditingMode.
InkAndGesture Ink, .
(Up, Down, Circle, ScratchOut, Tap .)
System.Windows.Ink.ApplicationGesture.
GestureOnly , .
EraseByStroke , .
EditingModeInverted.
EraseByPoint ,
( ).
Select UIElement ,

, InkCanvas.
None .
Select ,
, ,

. InkCanvas 15 ,
, ,
367
, ,
.
,
!
. WPF
,
.
TextBlock Label
, TextBox RichTextBox
. WPF
!
WPF , ,
, .
.
( FlowDocument)
, ,
. ,
.

FlowDocument FrameworkContentElement, Frame
workElement, .
FrameworkContentElement, FrameworkElement,
, WPF,
. FrameworkCon
tentElement - FrameworkElement.
FAQ
WPF
XML Paper Specification (XPS)?
,
, XPS-
, . .NET Framework
XPS- (
System.Windows.Xps System.Windows.Documents),
, Microsoft Word.
WPF- XPS-
FixedDocument DocumentViewer.
368
11. ,
XPS- Adobe PDF;

(
), (
). XPS ,
Windows ( Win
dows Vista). , XPS-
,
, .
XPS Open Packaging
Conventions ( System.
IO.Packaging) http://microsoft.com/xps.
, FrameworkContentElement, Text
Element , ,
FlowDocument.
TextElement ( System.Windows.
Documents) ,
.

XAML- FlowDocument,
Paragraph ( TextElement)
.
<FlowDocument xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Paragraph FontSize="22" FontWeight="Bold">Chapter 1</Paragraph>
<Paragraph FontSize="35" FontWeight="Bold">Why WPF?</Paragraph>
<Paragraph>
In movies and on TV, the ...
</Paragraph>
<Paragraph>...</Paragraph>
...
</FlowDocument>
.11.10 XAML-.
FlowDocument XAML-,
.
TextElement Block Inline (
, TextElement). Block
,
, Inline , , ,
(
). FlowDocument Block
. ( Blocks
BlocksCollection.) Inline
, .
369
.11.10. FlowDocument
Block
WPF :
Paragraph Inlines,
. XAML Paragraph
,
Run, Inline, Inlines
, TextBlock.
Section ,
. ,
, Background
Foreground.
List ListItem
, . ListItem
Block, List
Paragraph ListItem.
MarkerStyle ( TextMarkerStyle)
Box, Circle, Disc ( )
Square Decimal, LowerLatin, UpperLatin, LowerRoman UpperRo
man. , MarkerSty
le None.
Table ,
Grid, HTML-. Table,
Grid, Block (,
).
BlockUIContainer UIElement. Block
UIContainer WPF-
FlowDocument: Image, , MediaEle
ment, Button, Viewport3D ..
370
11. ,
11.1
FlowDocument.
.11.11.
11.1. FlowDocument, .11.11
<FlowDocument xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
<Section LineHeight="2" Foreground="White" Background="Black">
<Paragraph FontSize="18">WPF 4 Unleashed</Paragraph>
<Paragraph FontSize="30" FontWeight="Bold">Notes from Chapter 1</Paragraph>
</Section>
<Paragraph>Here are some highlights of WPF:</Paragraph>
<List>
<ListItem>
<Paragraph>Broad integration</Paragraph>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Paragraph>Resolution independence</Paragraph>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Paragraph>Hardware acceleration</Paragraph>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Paragraph>Declarative programming</Paragraph>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<Paragraph>Rich composition and customization</Paragraph>
</ListItem>
</List>
<BlockUIContainer>
<Viewbox>
<Image Source="diagram.jpg" Margin="5"/>
<TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" Width="100" TextWrapping="Wrap">
The technologies in the .NET Framework.
</TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</Viewbox>
</BlockUIContainer>
<Paragraph>
Here's another version of the diagram, as a Table:
</Paragraph>
<Table CellSpacing="5" Padding="15" FontFamily="Segoe UI">
<Table.Background>
<GradientStop Color="Yellow" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="Orange" Offset="1"/>
</Table.Background>


<Table.Columns>
<TableColumn/>
<TableColumn/>
<TableColumn/>
<TableColumn/>
</Table.Columns>

<TableRowGroup>
<TableRow>
<TableCell ColumnSpan="4" TextAlignment="Center">
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">.NET Framework</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
</TableRow>
<TableRow>
<TableCell BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="2"
Background="LightGray" TextAlignment="Center" LineHeight="70">
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">WPF</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
Background="LightGray" TextAlignment="Center">
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">WCF</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">WF</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">WCS</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
</TableRow>
<TableRow>
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">ADO.NET</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">ASP.NET</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">Windows Forms</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
<Paragraph FontWeight="Bold">...</Paragraph>
</TableCell>
371
372
11. ,
</TableRow>
</TableRowGroup>
</Table>
</FlowDocument>
Paragraph
Section
Table
List
BlockUIContainer
.11.11. FlowDocument,
Paragraph ,
Section , Paragraph
Foreground, Background LineHeight. List
, .
BlockUIContainer Image,
TextBlock.
StackPanel Viewbox,
.
,
Table. , API Table (,
Table XAML-) Grid.
TableColumn Columns
( ColumnDefinitions Grid),
. , Table
TableRowGroup, TableRow
, , .
TableCell TableRow
, ColumnSpan
. TableCell , Block,
, Paragraph.
373
Table TableRowGroup! ,
, .
. 11.11 ,
Image. ,
. Table ,
.
, . ,
,
. .11.12 , .
.11.12. .11.11
2, 3
Inline
Inline Paragraph,
. ,
Paragraph ,
Inline. , Paragraph, XAML,
, Run,
Inline. Run Text,
.
, Paragraph, XAML
:
<Paragraph>Here are some highlights of WPF:</Paragraph>
C#:
Paragraph p = new Paragraph(new Run("Here are some highlights of WPF:"));
Inline
: (span), .
374
11. ,
. Bold,
Italic, Underline Hyperlink 7.
Span, Paragraph
. Paragraph
(
, ..) , FontWeight
FontStyle,
, .
Paragraph, .11.13,
:
<Paragraph>
<Bold>bold</Bold>
<Italic>italic</Italic>
<Underline>underline</Underline>
<Hyperlink>hyperlink</Hyperlink>
<Span BaselineAlignment="Superscript">superscript</Span>
<Span BaselineAlignment="Subscript">subscript</Span>
<Span>
<Span.TextDecorations>
<TextDecoration Location="Strikethrough"/>
</Span.TextDecorations>
strikethrough
</Span>
</Paragraph>
.11.13.
TextBlock Inline,
Paragraph
TextBlock, -. , Label
.
BaselineAlignment TextDecorations, Span,

Inline,
Bold, Italic . ,
Paragraph,
Inline, . XAML-
375
, Paragraph
Run. , ,
Paragraph,
.11.14:
<Paragraph>
a<Bold>b<Italic>c<Underline>d<Hyperlink>e</Hyperlink>f</Underline>g</Italic>h
</Bold>i
</Paragraph>
.11.14. Hyperlink, Underline,

Italic, , , Bold
. WPF Inline, ,
Block. Figure
Floater AnchoredBlock.
Figure - -FlowDocument,
FlowDocument.
, Figure. , FlowDocument
1 , (
).
:
<FlowDocument xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Paragraph FontSize="22" FontWeight="Bold">Chapter 1</Paragraph>
<Paragraph FontSize="35" FontWeight="Bold">Why WPF?</Paragraph>
<Paragraph>
<Figure Width="130">
<BlockUIContainer>
<Image Source="wpf.png"/>
</BlockUIContainer>
</Figure>
In movies and on TV, the ...
</Paragraph>
...
</FlowDocument>
Figure Block, ,
Table, Paragraph .
BlockUIContainer,
. .11.15.
Figure HorizontalAnchor
VerticalAnchor ( FigureHorizontalAnchor FigureVerticalAnchor
376
11. ,
). HorizontalAnchor ColumnRight, VerticalAnchor

ParagraphTop.
.
.11.16
Figure, .11.15, Horizon
talAnchor / VerticalAnchor.
.11.15. FlowDocument
Figure, Image
Floater Figure.
Block,
, .
HorizontalAnchor VerticalAnchor
HorizontalAlignment ( HorizontalAlignment),
Left, Center, Right Stretch.
Figure,
Floater.
Inline. Inline
,
Span AnchoredBlock. LineBreak,
. LineBreak
, .
FlowDocument , ,
BreakPageBefore Paragraph,
. BreakPageBefore Block,
Section, List, BlockUIContainer Table.
377
HorizontalAnchor="ColumnLeft"
HorizontalAnchor="PageCenter"
HorizontalAnchor="PageRight" VerticalAnchor="PageTop"
.11.16. Figure
HorizontalAnchor VerticalAnchor
378
11. ,
, Inline, InlineUIContainer,
BlockUIContainer , Para
graph . Block
UIContainer, MediaElement, Button,
Viewport3D ..,
, .
, .11.17, ,
RSS- Hyperlink :
<Paragraph>
You can read more about this on my blog (
<Hyperlink NavigateUri="http://blogs.msdn.com/adam_nathan/rss.xml">
subscribe
</Hyperlink>
<InlineUIContainer>
<Image Width="14" Source="rss.gif"/>
</InlineUIContainer>
), which I try to update once a month.
</Paragraph>
.11.17. Paragraph Image

InlineUIContainer

, FlowDocument (
) RichTextBox. ,
RichTextBox IsReadOnly true, RichTextBox
.
WPF
. , ,
, :
FlowDocumentScrollViewer
, - Microsoft Word
( RichTextBox,
ScrollViewer).
FlowDocumentPageViewer
, Microsoft Word.
FlowDocumentReader FlowDocumentScrollViewer Flow
DocumentPa
geViewer
, . (
, FlowDocument
XAML-.)
379
FlowDocumentPageViewer
FlowDocumentReader
.11.18. 1 FlowDocument
.11.18
FlowDocument, .
380
11. ,
FlowDocumentReader (
XPS- PDF-),

, , ,
. FlowDocumentPageViewer, FlowDocumentReader (
)
,
.
, FlowDocumentScrollViewer
, , ,
IsToolBarVisible true.

FlowDocument ( Docu
mentViewer, FixedDocument)
,

. ,

.
,
. AnnotationService
System.Windows.Annotations,
:
CreateTextStickyNoteCommand Sticky
NoteControl .
CreateInkStickyNoteCommand Sti
ckyNoteControl .
DeleteStickyNotesCommand
StickyNoteControl.
CreateHighlightCommand ,
.
ClearHighlightsCommand
.
11.2 Window, FlowDocu
mentReader .
.
11.2. Window1.xaml FlowDocument
Reader
<Window
xmlns:a="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Annotations;assembly=PresentationFramework"
381
Title="FlowDocumentReader + Annotations"
x:Class="Window1" Initialized="OnInitialized" Closed="OnClosed">
<StackPanel>
<Label>Control Annotations:</Label>
<Button Command="a:AnnotationService.CreateTextStickyNoteCommand"
CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=reader}">
Create Text Note
</Button>
<Button Command="a:AnnotationService.CreateInkStickyNoteCommand"
Create Ink Note
</Button>
<Button Command="a:AnnotationService.DeleteStickyNotesCommand"
Remove Note
</Button>
<Button Command="a:AnnotationService.CreateHighlightCommand"
CommandParameter="{x:Static Brushes.Yellow}"
Create Yellow Highlight
</Button>
<Button Command="a:AnnotationService.ClearHighlightsCommand"
Remove Highlight
</Button>
</StackPanel>
<FlowDocumentReader x:Name="reader">
<FlowDocument>
...
</FlowDocument>
</FlowDocumentReader>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
.NET System.Windows.Annotations
XML a,
AnnotationService. AnnotationService PresentationFramework,
- WPF
XML. ,
FlowDocumentReader.
,
.
OnInitialized OnClosed,
XAML-. 11.3
, 11.2.
382
11. ,
11.3. Window1.xaml.cs FlowDocument

Reader
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.IO;
System.Windows;
System.Windows.Annotations;
System.Windows.Annotations.Storage;
public partial class Window1 : Window

{
FileStream stream;
public Window1()
{
}
protected void OnInitialized(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//
AnnotationService service = AnnotationService.GetService(reader);
if (service == null)
{
stream = new FileStream("storage.xml", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
service = new AnnotationService(reader);
AnnotationStore store = new XmlStreamStore(stream);
store.AutoFlush = true;
service.Enable(store);
}
}
protected void OnClosed(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//
AnnotationService service = AnnotationService.GetService(reader);
if (service != null && service.IsEnabled)
{
service.Disable();
stream.Close();
}
}
}
OnInitialized OnClosed
AnnotationService, FlowDocumentReader.
Stream,
. 11.3
XML- .
(
, storage.xml ).
383
. 11.19 ,
.
.11.19.
FlowDocument
StickyNoteControl, ,
WPF ( System.Win
dows.Controls). ,
.

, .
,
.

RangeBase. double,
: Value, Minimum,
Maximum. ValueChanged.
: Progress
Bar Slider. WPF ScrollBar,
384
11. ,
RangeBase, ,
. ScrollViewer,
5.
ProgressBar
,
ProgressBar.
- , ProgressBar
, - .

. (, ,
!) .11.20 ,
WPF ProgressBar .
.11.20. WPF ProgressBar
Minimum ProgressBar 0, Maxi

mum 100. RangeBase :
IsIndeterminate true, ProgressBar
, Minimum, Maximum Value
. , ,
, ,
!
Orientation Horizontal,
Vertical, ,
. ,
,
. ,
!
FAQ
ProgressBar ,
- ?
Windows Vista, Win32
( ) / (
). , WPF ProgressBar
. ,

, 14 , , .
385
Slider
Slider () , ProgressBar,
,
. .11.21.
.11.21. WPF Slider
Minimum 0, Maximum 10.

, Slider Orientation (
Horizontal), ,
ToolTip,
, ,
,
. Slider
Delay Interval,
RepeatButton.
, TickPlacement
TopLeft, BottomRight Both.
Slider. TickPlacement BottomRight,
, ,
. , TickPlacement TopLeft,
, ,
. TickPlacement None (
), , .11.22.
.11.22. Slider

.11.23. Slider

Slider
, .11.23.
IsSelectionRangeEnabled true, SelectionStart Selection
End .
,
, ,
.
, Windows Media Player,
, .
386
11. ,

WPF4 ,
: Calendar DatePicker.
WPF ,
.
Calendar
Calendar, . 11.24,
, Windows.
DisplayMode .
, ,
(Month) (Year) (Decade),
. Win
dows, WPF Calendar ,
, ,
.
Month ( )
Year
Decade
.11.24. WPF Calendar DisplayMode

, 20 2012
DisplayDate Calendar ( DateTime)

( .11.24 20 2012). Dis
playDate , Month
. 20
. 11.24 , Calendar
DisplayDate. ,
IsTodayHighlighted false.
SelectionMode
:
SingleDate
, SelectedDate. .
SingleRange ,
. Selec
tedDates.
387
MultipleRange ,
SelectedDates.
None .
, Calendar,
DisplayDateStart / DisplayDateEnd ( DateTime). .11.25
, DisplayMode.
,
Month 44 .
Month ( )
Year
Decade
.11.25. , DisplayDateStart 10 2012,

DisplayDateEnd 25 2012
,
, . BlackoutDates,
CalendarDateRange. . 11.26 ,
, BlackoutDates :
<Calendar>
<Calendar.BlackoutDates>
<CalendarDateRange Start="4/1/2012" End="4/19/2012"/>
<CalendarDateRange Start="5/1/2012" End="5/5/2012"/>
</Calendar.BlackoutDates>
</Calendar>
Month.
.11.26. , BlackoutDates
CalendarDateRanges
388
11. ,
BlackoutDates CalendarBlackoutDatesCollection,
ObservableCollection<CalendarDateRange>.
AddDatesInPast. ,
.
, CalendarDateRange, DateTime.
MinValue (1 0001) Start DateTime.Today
End.
FirstDayOfWeek Calendar ,
, , ,
System.DayOfWeek,
. Calendar ,
: DisplayDateChanged, DisplayMode
Changed, SelectionModeChanged SelectedDatesChanged (
, ).
DatePicker
DatePicker ,
TextBox ,
Calendar, .
DatePicker .11.27.
.11.27. WPF DatePicker

Ca
lendar, DatePicker
. DatePicker , Calendar,
DisplayMode, SelectionMode
.
DisplayMode=Month SelectionMode=SingleDate.
, SelectedDatesChanged DatePicker
389
SelectedDateChanged. -
DatePicker DisplayDateChanged, Calendar.
DatePicker
TextBox
. IsDropDownOpen
,
. CalendarOpened CalendarClosed ,
. Selected
DateFormat , TextBox
. Short,
4/20/2012. Long, Friday,
April 20, 2012. , TextBox,
Text. ,
, DateValidationError.
DatePicker ( DatePickerTextBox,
TextBox)
, -
15.
.
, ,
( )
.
, 14,
.
IV
IV.
12
13
14 , ,
12
12.
.NET Framework
,
. , , , , -
. , WPF
.NET, . WPF
:
.

,
.NET Framework. WPF-

. XAML-
. :

,
:
,
, ( ),
.
, .
394
12.

,
Visual Studio
, . 12.1
logo.jpg.
.12.1. Visual Studio
Visual Studio WPF,

:
Resource (
).
Content ,
(AssemblyAssociatedContentFile),
.
MSBuild,
:
<BuildAction Include="logo.jpg"/>
BuildAction .
, , :
<Content Include="logo.jpg">
<CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
</Content>
,
, Content, ;

. ,
395
(. ).
,
, ,
.
Embedded Resource!
Resource Embedded
Resource ( Visual Studio Embedded Resource).
, WPF-
. Resource
WPF, EmbeddedResource WPF (
Windows Forms).
WPF,
(. ), ,
Content Resource.
, , Content
Resource, XAML-, ,
EmbeddedResource, (
, ).
( Reso
urce), , ,
, ,
.

( , HTML-, ),
Content.

, Resource,
,
Content,
- , WPF
, XAML,
(URI). ,
URI XAML- ,
.
Photo Gallery
7 .
XAML ,
Resource:
396
12.
<StackPanel Grid.Column="1" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">

<Button x:Name="previousButton" ToolTip="Previous (Left Arrow)" ...>
<Image Height="21" Source="previous.gif"/>
</Button>
<Button x:Name="slideshowButton" ToolTip="Play Slide Show (F11)" ...>
<Image Height="21" Source="slideshow.gif"/>
</Button>
<Button x:Name="nextButton" ToolTip="Next (Right Arrow)" ...>
<Image Height="21" Source="next.gif"/>
</Button>
</StackPanel>
, XAML- ,
GIF- Content, Reso
urce ( ,
). GIF- ,
.
XAML-
,
!
, XAML-,
,
:
, ,
, . ()
, :
<Image Height="21" Source="C:\Users\Adam\Documents\slideshow.gif"/>

, , :
<Image Height="21" Source="pack://siteOfOrigin:,,,/slideshow.gif"/>
, ,
Image - , ,
URI, . .12.1
URI XAML-. ,
.
, .12.1 ,
. ,
( ),
XAML-.
397
12.1. URI XAML-

( logo.jpg)
URI
logo.jpg

,
XAML- (
,
Content)
A/B/logo.jpg

(A\B),
,
A\B
XAML- (
,
Content)
c:\temp\logo.jpg
c:\
temp
file://c:/temp/logo.jpg

c:\temp
\\pc1\images\logo.jpg

\\pc1\images
http://adamnathan.net/logo.jpg
- adamna
than.net
/MyDll;Component/logo.jpg
MyDll.dll
MyDll.exe
/MyDll;Component/A/B/logo.jpg
MyDll.dll
MyDll.exe
(A\B),
pack://siteOfOrigin:,,,/logo.jpg
pack://siteOfOrigin:,,,/A/B/logo.jpg
A\B
FAQ

?
. 12.1 ,
, - .
, ,
, .
,
.
398
12.

,
, .
, , logo.jpg images Visual Stu
dio;
<Resource Include="images\logo.jpg"/>
<Content Include="images\logo.jpg"/>
, logo.jpg
images ,
:
<Image Source="images\logo.jpg"/>
.12.1
.
, , ,
(site of origin).
,
,
, ( ,
),
. .12.1, URI
/AssemblyReference;Component/ResourceName
AssemblyReference , Component
, . ResourceName (
).
AssemblyReference
.NET:
( ).
, AssemblyReference:
AssemblyName
AssemblyName;vVersionNumber ( v )
AssemblyName;PublicKeyToken
AssemblyName;vVersionNumber;PublicKeyToken

(URL)
,
. (
.)
399

:
,
Windows, .
ClickOnce-
URL UNC-, .
XBAP- ClickOnce-
URL UNC- , .
XAML-, ,
.
.
, ,
! pack://siteOf
Origin:,,,/, (,
). , siteOfOrigin , ,
, .
FAQ
?
URI pack XML Paper Specification
(XPS), http://microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpsspec.
mspx. :
pack://packageURI/partPath
packageURI URI ,
. packageURI
XPS-, file:///C:/Document.xps,
file:,,,C:,Document.xps. WPF-
, URI,
:
siteOfOrigin:/// ( siteOfOrigin:,,,)
application:/// ( application:,,,)
, ,
! (,
/ .)
application:/// ,
.12.1, , siteOfOrigin. (
, WPF
IUriContext. BaseUri,
URI.) , URI,
XAML-:
logo.jpg
400
12.

pack://application:,,,/logo.jpg
URI:
/MyDll;Component/logo.jpg

pack://application:,,,/MyDll;Component/logo.jpg
XAML
URI, .

URI C#
XAML ,
.12.1. URI URI
pack URL.
, Source Image
logo.jpg:
Image image = new Image();
image.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/logo.jpg"));
System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapImage
( ,
JPEG, PNG, GIF BMP),
ImageSource ( Source). URI
System.Uri.
pack://application:,,,/ ,
,
Resource Content. ,
, ,
URI siteOfOrigin.

,
, (
),
. , , ,
,
. LocBaml, Windows
SDK, ,
XAML
. LocBaml
.
401

,
UICulture. Visual Studio ,
,
.
Visual Studio.
(
). ,

Edit ().
UICulture Pro
pertyGroup, ,
(Debug, Release ..), ,
,
.
(
):
<Project ...>
<PropertyGroup>
<UICulture>en-US</UICulture>
...
,
en-US,
AssemblyName.resources.dll.
NeutralResourcesLanguage
, :
[assembly: NeutralResourcesLanguage("en-US",
UltimateResourceFallbackLocation.Satellite)]

Uid
XAML (x:Uid) , .

. , , ,
MSBuild :
msbuild /t:updateuid ProjectName.csproj
402
12.
XAML-
x:Uid .
Build,
, .
LocBaml
, Uid,
LocBaml Windows SDK .resources,
( obj\debug):
LocBaml /parse ProjectName.g.en-US.resources /out:en-US.csv
CSV-,
, .
, (
!). LocBaml
, CSV-
! , CSV-
, fr-CA.csv,
LocBaml :
LocBaml /generate ProjectName.resources.dll /trans:fr-CA.csv /cul:fr-CA
,
, , (
fr-CA).
,
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture (System.Threading.Thread.
CurrentThread.CurrentCulture) CultureInfo.

WPF WPF,
Silverlight.
,
,
. ( XAML-, ,
XAML,
.)
.NET,
Resources. ,
.
Resources ( System.Windows.ResourceDictionary)
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement, ,
WPF.
(. 14 , , )
(. 13 ).
Brush.
403
12.1 Window,
Photo
Gallery.
Brush Background BorderBrush Button (
Window). .12.2.
.12.2. 12.1
12.1.
Title="Simple Window" Background="Yellow">
<DockPanel>
<StackPanel DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" Orientation="Horizontal"
<Button Background="Yellow" BorderBrush="Red" Margin="5">
<Image Height="21" Source="zoom.gif"/>
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="defaultThumbnailSize.gif"/>
</Button>
</Button>
</Button>
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="counterclockwise.gif"/>
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="clockwise.gif"/>
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="delete.gif"/>
</Button>
</StackPanel>
<ListBox/>
404
12.
</DockPanel>
</Window>

Window .
.
(CSS)
-,
.
, ,
, ,
. 12.2
.
12.2.

Title="Simple Window">
<Window.Resources>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="backgroundBrush">Yellow</SolidColorBrush>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="borderBrush">Red</SolidColorBrush>
</Window.Resources>
<Window.Background>
<StaticResource ResourceKey="backgroundBrush"/>
<DockPanel>
<StackPanel DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" Orientation="Horizontal"
<Button Background="{StaticResource backgroundBrush}"
BorderBrush="{StaticResource borderBrush}" Margin="5">
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="defaultThumbnailSize.gif"/>
</Button>
</Button>
</Button>
</Button>
405

<Image Height="21" Source="counterclockwise.gif"/>
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="clockwise.gif"/>
</Button>
<Image Height="21" Source="delete.gif"/>
</Button>
</StackPanel>
<ListBox/>
</DockPanel>
</Window>
x:Key
ResourceDictionary 2 XAML.
StaticRe
source ( System.Windows.StaticResourceExtension).
Window.Background , But
ton.Background Button.BorderBrush .
Brush, ,
.
12.2 -
,
.12.2.
, XAML- ( ,
). ,
backgroundBrush - :
<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="backgroundBrush" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="1,1">
<GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.5"/>
<GradientStop Color="Red" Offset="1"/>
, .12.3.
.12.3. , 12.2,
backgroundBrush -
406
12.

StaticResource
.
.
.

.
Resources ( ). ,
..,
. Resources Application.
,
(. 14). ,
( ,
). ,
InvalidOperationException.
,
,
. , ,
,
.
, ,
, .

!
7 , WPF-
.
.
, Freezable
, x:Shared=false,
, .

WPF :
StaticResource ,
( )
DynamicResource
,
DynamicResource (System.Windows.DynamicResourceExtension)
, StaticResource,
407
DynamicResource StaticResource .

, ; , ,
, .
-
StaticResource, DynamicResource, ,
.

StaticResource DynamicResource ,
,
DynamicResource.
(,
), .
StaticResource DynamicResource
. , DynamicResource
,
. , DynamicResource
. , StaticResource,
Window Page,
DynamicResource , .
, DynamicResource
, StaticResource . , Static
Resource ,
! Window:
...
...
</Window>
:
<Window.Resources>
<Image x:Key="zoom" Height="21" Source="zoom.gif"/>
</Window.Resources>
<StackPanel>
<StaticResource ResourceKey="zoom"/>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
, Image, ,
XAML- ,
. Image
, Visual (, ,
408
12.
),

. , ,
StaticResource XAML-,
"Specified Visual is already a child of another
Visual or the root of a CompositionTarget" ( Visual
Visual
CompositionTarget).

XAML-
XAML-
,
XAML-.
XAML- ,
( ,
), MergedDictionaries
ResourceDictionary.
, Window
Resources, , :
<Window.Resources>
<ResourceDictionary>
<ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
<ResourceDictionary Source="file1.xaml"/>
<ResourceDictionary Source="file2.xaml"/>
</ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
</Window.Resources>
ResourceDictionary .
, file1.xaml :
<ResourceDictionary
<Image x:Key="logo" Source="logo.jpg"/>
,
( ,
).
, XAML-
(. 20
).
#include,
C C++, XAML .
409

. StaticResource XAML
. ,
XAML-. ,
StaticResource ,
(
)! DynamicReso
urce .
- Window 12.2
Background .
, , .
DynamicResource ,
,
, :
Title="Simple Window" Background="{DynamicResource backgroundBrush}">
<Window.Resources>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="backgroundBrush">Yellow</SolidColorBrush>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="borderBrush">Red</SolidColorBrush>
</Window.Resources>
...
</Window>

, ,
. .

x:Shared="False",
,
.
,
Image (
, Visual).
,
. x:Shared="False"
,
. :
<Window.Resources>
<Image x:Shared="False" x:Key="zoom" Height="21" Source="zoom.gif"/>
</Window.Resources>
<StackPanel>

410
12.
</StackPanel>
</Window>
, x:Shared
XAML-. XAML-
.

,
XAML-, ,
. . ,
Window window, SolidColorBrush,
12.2, C# :
window.Resources.Add("backgroundBrush", new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Yellow));
window.Resources.Add("borderBrush", new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red));
.
StaticResource DynamicResource ,
C# .
, StaticResource,
FindResource (
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement).
, Button ( ,
12.2):
BorderBrush="{StaticResource borderBrush}"/>
C# ( , StackPanel,
Button, stackPanel):
Button button = new Button();
// , Button Window:
stackPanel.Children.Add(button);
button.Background = (Brush)button.FindResource("backgroundBrush");
button.BorderBrush = (Brush)button.FindResource("borderBrush");
FindResource , ,
TryFindResource,
null.
DynamicResource SetResourceReference
( FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement)
.
, StaticResource Dyna
micResource:
411
<Button Background="{DynamicResource backgroundBrush}"

BorderBrush="{DynamicResource borderBrush}"/>
C#:
button.SetResourceReference(Button.BackgroundProperty, "backgroundBrush");
button.SetResourceReference(Button.BorderBrushProperty, "borderBrush");
, Button -
Window (
). , StaticResource,
.
StaticResource
. FindResource TryFindResource
,
. , SetRe
sourceReference , .

,
,
. , Background BorderBrush
( , Window
window):
button.Background = (Brush)window.Resources["backgroundBrush"];
button.BorderBrush = (Brush)window.Resources["borderBrush"];
StaticResource XAML
( FindResource ) ,
.
,
.
XAML ,
.
XAML .

,
DynamicResource, ,
System.Windows: Sys
temColors, SystemFonts SystemParameters. ,
,
.
412
12.
SystemColors, SystemFonts SystemParameters

,
, .
- Key. , SystemColors
Brush WindowBrush WindowTextBrush, Win
dowBrushKey WindowTextBrushKey ResourceKey.
.12.2
, .
, ,
.
12.2. ,

XAML:
<Button Background="SystemColors.WindowBrush"/>
C#:
.
BrushConverter

button.Background = (Brush)new
BrushConverter().ConvertFrom("SystemColors.WindowBrush");
XAML:
<Button Background="{x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrush}"/>
C#:
button.Background = SystemColors.WindowBrush;
XAML:
<Button Background=
"{StaticResource SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}"/>
C#:
button.Background =
(Brush)FindResource("SystemColors.WindowBrushKey");
XAML:
<Button Background=
"{StaticResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrush}}"/>
C#:
button.Background =
(Brush)FindResource(SystemColors.WindowBrush);

,
,

,
Brush

"System
Colors.WindowBrush
Key",

,

SystemColors.Window
Brush

,

413
XAML:

.
<Button Background=
"{StaticResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}"/> , ,
,
C#:

button.Background =
(
(Brush)FindResource(SystemColors.WindowBrushKey);
),
,

XAML:
.
<Button Background=
"{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}"/>
,
C#:
,
button.SetResourceReference(

Button.BackgroundProperty, SystemColors.WindowBrushKey);

WPF, ,
, .
,
!
,
( , )
.
. ,
, ,
,
XAML-, .
, ,
,
(. 14).
Binding

: Twitter
XAML
13
13.
WPF
.NET.
, .
-, XML-, -,
, WPF, Button.

.NET.
(, ListBox DataGrid) ,
XML-, .

ListBoxItem ListBox, : ,
ListBox! - . ,
. , .
.
Binding
System.Win
dows.Data.Binding,
. Binding
.
Binding
, Photo Gallery,
, TextBlock,
, ListBox:
Binding
415
<TextBlock x:Name="currentFolder" DockPanel.Dock="Top"

Background="AliceBlue" FontSize="16" />

SelectedItem TreeView:
void treeView_SelectedItemChanged(object sender,
RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<object> e)
{
currentFolder.Text = (treeView.SelectedItem as TreeViewItem).Header.ToString();
Refresh();
}
, Binding,
, Main
Window:
public MainWindow()
{
Binding binding = new Binding();
// -
binding.Source = treeView;
// -
binding.Path = new PropertyPath("SelectedItem.Header");
// -
currentFolder.SetBinding(TextBlock.TextProperty, binding);
}
currentFolder.Text
treeView.SelectedItem.Header.
TreeView , Header (
Photo Gallery ),
( - ) ,
( ). ,
.
,
!
.
, ,
.
Binding - -
. - ( treeView.SelectedItem.Header)
: - Source
( ,
), PropertyPath, Path.
Binding - ( currentFolder.
Text) Binding, SetBinding (
416
13.
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement),
Binding.
Binding
. SetBinding Framework
Element FrameworkContentElement, .
SetBinding BindingOperations.
, , ,
-:
BindingOperations.SetBinding(currentFolder, TextBlock.TextProperty, binding);
, Depen
dencyObject,
, FrameworkElement, FrameworkContentElement (,
Freezable).

Binding
, Binding
,
BindingOperations.ClearBinding. (,
.) - . :
BindingOperations.ClearBinding(currentFolder, TextBlock.TextProperty);
- Binding,
, BindingOperations.ClearAllBindings:
BindingOperations.ClearAllBindings(currentFolder);
-
, :
currentFolder.Text = "I am no longer receiving updates.";
. (
Binding .)
ClearBinding ,

( ,
..). , ,
, 3 WPF.
Binding, SetBinding, ,
, ClearBinding
, ClearValue
. ( ClearBinding
ClearValue -!)
Binding
417
Binding XAML
SetBinding XAML- , WPF
, Binding
. Binding
( , Extension).
Binding XAML, -
,
. ,

currentFolder:
Text="{Binding ElementName=treeView, Path=SelectedItem.Header}"
, ,
?
, .
Binding ,
Path. ,
-, Path ,
. , XAML
:
Text="{Binding SelectedItem.Header, ElementName=treeView}"
,
. ,
Path .
, XAML- -
ElementName, Source, .
, ElementName XAML,
-. ,
WPF4 x:Reference Source
:
Text="{Binding Source={x:Reference TreeView}, Path=SelectedItem.Header}"
418
13.
TargetNullValue Binding
, , -
null. ,
, Nothing is selected. ( )
, - null:
<TextBlock Text="{Binding ... TargetNullValue=Nothing is selected.}" .../>
TargetNullValue ,
- - null.

RelativeSource Binding
Relative
Source Binding, , . RelativeSource,
.
RelativeSource.
- -:
{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}
- TemplatedParent -
( ):
{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}
- -
, :
{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor,
AncestorType={x:Type desiredType}}}
- n- , :
{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor,
AncestorLevel=n, AncestorType={x:Type desiredType}}}
- ,
:
{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource PreviousData}}
RelativeSource
, .
RelativeSource Self
.
Slider, ToolTip
:
<Slider ToolTip="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Value}"/>
Binding
419
.NET
TreeView TextBox ,
. 3
,
. WPF
- -.
WPF
.NET . , ,
Photo Gallery Label,
.
Count (
Photos), Content Count :
<Label x:Name="numItemsLabel"
Content="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos}, Path=Count}"
DockPanel.Dock="Bottom"/>
( , ,
XAML Source. ElementName
,
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement!) .13.1
. , 54,
- 54 item(s). ,
item(s).
, .
.13.1.
photos.Count
.NET
.
,

. , , .13.1,
, , , .
, -
:
System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged,
PropertyChanged.
XXXChanged, XXX ,
.
420
13.
, WPF .
( XXXChanged WPF
.) Photo Gallery
, photos INotifyPropertyChanged.
(Add, Remove, Clear,
Insert) PropertyChanged. , .NET Framework
, ! Observ
ableCollection. , photos.Count

public class Photos : Collection<Photo>
:
public class Photos : ObservableCollection<Photo>

.NET
-,
.NET, WPF . -
ICustomTypeDescriptor, WPF (,
, TypeDescriptionProvider,
), , Pro
pertyDescriptor .
, ,
(,
).
-!
-
.NET, - . -
. ,
( ) , .

-
-, , - ( Path
Binding) ! -
.
? .13.2 , .13.1,
Path:
Binding
421
Content="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos}}"
.13.2.
photos
photos UIElement,
, ToString.
,
, , , ,
ListBox, .
, XAML-
, ,
, .
, Photo Gallery Popup,
zoomButton. Placement Place
mentTarget Popup,
UIElement. C# :
Button zoomButton = new Button();
...
Popup zoomPopup = new Popup();
zoomPopup.Placement = PlacementMode.Center;
zoomPopup.PlacementTarget = zoomButton;
Photo Gallery XAML-:

<Button x:Name="zoomButton" ... >
...
</Button>
<Popup PlacementTarget="{Binding ElementName=zoomButton}" Placement="Center" ...>
...
</Popup>
.
, x:Reference, WPF4,
Binding.
422
13.
UIElement!
- UIElement,
, ,
. , XAML-
InvalidOperationException "Specified element is already the
logical child of another element" (
):
<Label x:Name="one" Content="{Binding ElementName=two}"/>
<Label x:Name="two" Content="text"/>
, Label TextBlock
(, , Content Text):
<TextBlock x:Name="one" Text="{Binding ElementName=two}"/>
<Label x:Name="two" Content="text"/>
, Label.Content Object, TextBlock.Text

. , ,
ToString.
"System.Windows.Controls.Label: text", -
. Label Text
Block , (Label
Content).

photos.Count ,
ListBox (
Window) photos. Photo Gallery .
,
ListBox, ,
. ListBox
ListBoxItem .
,
- ( FileSystem
Watcher), ListBox.
,
.

Binding,
- ListBox.Items, , , Items
. ListBox,
ItemsSource,
Binding
423
. IEnumerable,
photos Binding :
<ListBox x:Name="pictureBox"
ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos}}" ...>
...
</ListBox>
- ( ), -
INotifyCollectionChanged.
ObservableCollection INotifyPropertyChanged
InotifyCollectionChanged , ,
Photos ObservableCollection<Photo>, ,
.
.13.3 .
.13.3. ListBox photos,

, pho
tos , ToString, .
DisplayMemberPath,
(. 10).
ItemsSource.
,
.
424
13.
Photo Gallery Photo,

, Name, DateTime Size. ,
XAML- , . 13.4,
, , .13.3:
<ListBox x:Name="pictureBox" DisplayMemberPath="Name"
...
</ListBox>
Photo ,
, ToString ,
Name .
.13.4. DisplayMemberPath
,
,
Photo Image DisplayMemberPath.
,
-. ( ,
- . ,
, WPF
!) (
) ,
.
.
Binding
425
Items ItemsSource ItemsControl

!
,
: Items
ItemsSource, .
ItemsSource ,
Items , Items , ItemsSource
null ( InvalidOperationException).
,
ListBox ,
- (ItemsSource),
( Items). , ,
,
Items.

10 , Selector,
ListBox, .
( ,
IEnumerable), WPF ,
-, ,
, .

/ ( , , )
, .
, true
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem ( ).
XAML- ListBox,

photos:
<ListBox IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" DisplayMemberPath="Name"
ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos}}"></ListBox>
<ListBox IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" DisplayMemberPath="DateTime"
<ListBox IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" DisplayMemberPath="Size"
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True"
-,
.
(, ,
!) .13.5 , . -
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem false,
426
13.

.
.
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem
!
Selector ( ,
SelectionMode ListBox Multiple Extended),
,
!
.13.5.
DataContext

- , , -
( photos).
- (
- , - )
. WPF
, Binding Source,
RelativeSource ElementName.
.
-, photos,
, -
DataContext -. (
, FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement,
DataContext Object.) Binding,
- , WPF ,
null DataContext.
Binding
427
, Label ListBox
-, DataContext :
<StackPanel DataContext="{StaticResource photos}">
Content="{Binding Path=Count}" .../>
...
<ListBox x:Name="pictureBox" DisplayMemberPath="Name"
ItemsSource="{Binding}" ...>
...
</ListBox>
...
</StackPanel>
DataContext ,
,
- :
parent.DataContext = photos;
XAML , {Binding},
, , -
-
, .
FAQ
- ,
Binding?
, . -
-, ,
. -
, , ,
.
, -
, , - .
Binding
. ,
, .
, ;
. (,
RelativeSource
, .)
428
13.

, - , ,
, .
.

, !
,
(
Photo Gallery). WPF
,
, ,
. :
, .

,
StringFormat Binding.
, WPF String.Format,
StringFormat (format) -
(args[0]). , {0}
-,
, {0:C}
, {0:P} , {0:X}
.
, .13.1 54 item(s),
54, TextBlock Bin
ding StringFormat:
<TextBlock x:Name="numItemsLabel"
Text="{Binding StringFormat={}{0} item(s),
Source={StaticResource photos}, Path=Count}"
{} ,
{ . (. 2
XAML),
. {} , Binding
( ) :
<TextBlock x:Name="numItemsLabel" DockPanel.Dock="Bottom">
<TextBlock.Text>
<Binding Source="{StaticResource photos}" Path="Count">
<Binding.StringFormat>{0} item(s)</Binding.StringFormat>
</Binding>
</TextBlock.Text>
</TextBlock>
429
StringFormat , - !
StringFormat ,
Binding , -
string. Content
Label , Object:
Content="{Binding StringFormat={}{0} item(s),
Text TextBlock string,

.
Label TextBlock.
ContentStringFormat ( ).
, , {:
Text="{Binding StringFormat=Number of items: {0},
, N0,
. ,
Count 54, 54 item(s), Count 1001,
1,001 item(s) ( , en-US):
Text="{Binding StringFormat={}{0:N0} item(s),
System.Xaml {}
!
System.Xaml, WPF 4, , -
{}
. System.Xaml {}
(
),
. , XAML-
System.Xaml :
<TextBlock Text="{Binding StringFormat={}{0:C}}" />
430
13.
, System.Xaml
(, XAML-),
. ,

, , :
<TextBlock Text="{Binding StringFormat=\{0:C\}}" />
XXXStringFormat,
XXX . ,
ContentStringFormat, Content,
ItemStringFormat,
. .13.1 ,
.
13.1. , WPF
StringFormat
BindingBase
ContentStringFormat
ContentControl, ContentPresenter, TabControl
ItemStringFormat
ItemsControl, HierarchicalDataTemplate
HeaderStringFormat
HeaderedContentControl, HeaderedItemsControl,
DataGridColumn, GridViewColumn, GroupStyle
ColumnHeaderStringFormat
GridView, GridViewHeaderRowPresenter
Label TextBlock,
StringFormat Binding,
Label ContentStringFormat, Label
:
<Label x:Name="numItemsLabel" ContentStringFormat="{}{0} item(s)"
Content="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos}, Path=Count}"
. .13.6
ListBox
: :
<ListBox ItemStringFormat="{}{0:C}"
<sys:Int32>-9</sys:Int32>
<sys:Int32>9</sys:Int32>
</ListBox>
431

(USA)
.13.6. ListBox

,
.NET .
WPF ( DataTemp
late) . , ContentControl
ContentTemplate
Content, ItemsControl ItemTemplate,
.
.13.2. , XXXTemplate , XXXStringFormat.
13.2. DataTemplate
ContentTemplate
ItemTemplate
HeaderTemplate
HeaderedContentControl, HeaderedItemsControl, DataGridRow,

DataGridColumn, GridViewColumn, GroupStyle
SelectedContentTemplate
TabControl
DetailsTemplate
DataGridRow
RowDetailsTemplate
DataGrid
RowHeaderTemplate
DataGrid
ColumnHeaderTemplate
CellTemplate
DataGridTemplateColumn, GridViewColumn
CellEditingTemplate
DataTemplate,
. DataTemplate,
ItemsPanelTemplate, 10,
FrameworkTemplate. VisualTree,
FrameworkElement.
XAML, .
432
13.
DataTemplate ListBox Photo

Gallery. .13.4 .

ItemTemplate:
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Image Source="placeholder.jpg" Height="35"/>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
...
</ListBox>
.13.7 , . ,
- placeholder.jpg, -
!
.13.7. -

, Image ,
Source FullPath Photo? ,
!
( -).
ItemTemplate,
ItemsSource. ,
.13.8, :
433
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<Image Source="{Binding Path=FullPath}" Height="35"/>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
...
</ListBox>
.13.8.

, ,
. ,
. ,

DataType .
, , DataTemplate Resources
Window,
, , ,
: , - .
DataTemplate Resources
Application, .
,
(, ListBox, ),
,

.
434
13.
DataTemplate
, XML-
, HierarchicalDataTemplate.
,
, , TreeView Menu.
XmlDataProvider
HierarchicalDataTemplate XML-.

.
, WPF ,
, (
) ,
. , Data
TemplateSelector, SelectTemplate.
,
XXXTemplateSelector.
XXXTemplate, .13.2,
XXXTemplateSelector (.13.3).
13.3. ,
ContentTemplateSelector
ItemTemplateSelector
HeaderTemplateSelector
HeaderedContentControl, HeaderedItemsControl,
DataGridRow, DataGridColumn, GridViewColumn,
GroupStyle
SelectedContentTemplateSelector TabControl
DetailsTemplateSelector
DataGridRow
RowDetailsTemplateSelector
DataGrid
RowHeaderTemplateSelector
DataGrid
ColumnHeaderTemplateSelector
CellTemplateSelector
DataGridTemplateColumn, GridViewColumn
CellEditingTemplateSelector

-,
435
, ,
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
Brush, ,
Microsoft Excel.
, .
.

, ( Background)
photos (
Count). ,
Background , Brush:
<Label Background="{Binding Path=Count, Source={StaticResource photos}}" .../>
,
Converter:
<Label Background="{Binding Path=Count, Converter={StaticResource myConverter},
Source={StaticResource photos}}" .../>
, ,
Brush, :
<Window.Resources>
<local:CountToBackgroundConverter x:Key="myConverter"/>
</Window.Resources>
CountToBackgroundConverter,
IValueConverter ( System.Win
dows.Data). : Convert,
-, -, Con
vertBack, .
, C# CountToBackgroundConverter
:
public class CountToBackgroundConverter : IValueConverter
{
public object Convert(object value, Type targetType,
object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
{
if (targetType != typeof(Brush))
throw new InvalidOperationException("The target must be a Brush!");
// , Parse
int num = int.Parse(value.ToString());
436
13.
return (num == 0 ? Brushes.Yellow : Brushes.Transparent);

}
public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType,
{
return DependencyProperty.UnsetValue;
}
}
Convert .
, Brush
es.Yellow, , Brushes.Transparent
. ( , ,
.) ConvertBack ,
. VI
, ConvertBack. .13.9
.
.13.9.
, photos

. CountToBack
groundConverter, , , IntegerToBrushConverter,
, ,
Brush. ,
, . (,
, - Foreground (
) Transparent ()!) , ,
.
IValueConverter parameter cultu

re. parameter null, culture Language
-. ( FrameworkElement
FrameworkContentElement, ,
) "en-US" (
).
Binding.ConverterParameter Binding.Converter
437
Culture. , Brushes.Yellow
CountToBackgroundConverter.Convert,
:
return (num == 0 ? parameter : Brushes.Transparent);
, parameter :
<Label Background="{Binding Path=Count, Converter={StaticResource myConverter},
ConverterParameter=Yellow, Source={StaticResource photos}}" Content="..." />
ConverterParameter "Yellow" ,
.
, "Yellow" ,
ConverterParameter (Object). , Convert
"Yellow", Brush. Convert
parameter , , num ,
.
, Back
ground Label .
ConverterCulture ,
(IETF),
"ko-KR", CultureInfo.
WPF
. BooleanTo
VisibilityConverter Visibility (
Visible, Hidden, Collapsed) Boolean,
null (). true
Visible, false null Collapsed. Visible
true, Hidden Collapsed false.

. , XAML-
Show Status Bar ( )
:
<Window.Resources>
<BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="booltoVis"/>
</Window.Resources>
...
<CheckBox x:Name="checkBox">Show Status Bar</CheckBox>
...
<StatusBar Visibility="{Binding ElementName=checkBox, Path=IsChecked,
Converter={StaticResource booltoVis}}">...</StatusBar>
StatusBar ,
IsChecked CheckBox true.
438
13.
!
, WPF
,
, ,
( ).
, ,
. Visual Studio
Output (). Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate
IntelliTrace.
(
Background photos.Count)
:
System.Windows.Data Error: 5 : Value produced by BindingExpression is not valid
for target property.; Value='39' BindingExpression:Path=Count; DataItem='Photos'
(HashCode=58961324); target element is 'Label' (Name='numItemsLabel'); target
property is 'Background' (type 'Brush')
, - (
) ,
!
System.Diagnostics.Tra
ceSource,
. (Mike Hillberg), WPF,
http://blogs.msdn.com/mikehillberg/archi
ve/2006/09/14/WpfTraceSources.aspx. ,
WPF (
), ,
, .
PresentationTraceSources.TraceLevel (
System.Diagnostics WindowsBase),
Binding
, .
PresentationTraceLevel: None, Low, Medium,
High.

,
.
Content numItemsLabel Count photos (.
. 13.1), ,
, , .
StringFormat,
, item(s). ( , ,
1 item(s) .)
439
,
1 item ( ), 2 items (
). RawCountToDescriptionConverter:
public class RawCountToDescriptionConverter : IValueConverter
{
{
// , Parse
int num = int.Parse(value.ToString());
return num + (num == 1 ? " item" : " items");
}
{
}
}
, ,

(, ,
culture).

, .
-

- ,
IValueConverter.
,
, Binding.DoNothing.
, null, null
-.
Binding.DoNothing : ,
, Binding .
- ,
(, ..). Binding.DoNothing
Convert ConvertBack,
Binding (, ClearBinding),
-.
440
13.
FAQ

, ?
ItemTemplate ItemsControl,
Binding,
.
Binding ItemsControl, -
Convert (
). ,
,
.

, , ,
( IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem
true) , ,
-,
. ,
, (
!). -
,
?
. ( ,
IEnumerable),
. (
, ICollectionView)
, ,
, .
, ,
-.
-,
. (,
) .
ICollectionView SortDescriptions,
.
441
, ,
, (, Name,
DateTime Size Photo), ,
: .
SortDescription,
ListSortDirection. :
SortDescription sort = new SortDescription("Name", ListSortDirection.Ascending);
SortDescriptions SortDescription.
,
. SortDescription
, .
, SortDescrip
tion, DateTime ,

, Name (
):
view.SortDescriptions.Add(new SortDescription("DateTime",
ListSortDirection.Descending));
view.SortDescriptions.Add(new SortDescription("Name",
ListSortDirection.Ascending));
SortDescriptions Clear,
. ,
, , , !
13.1 , Photo Gallery
Name, DateTime Size,
. Windows,
.
13.1.
// Click :
void sortByName_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
SortHelper("Name");
}
void sortByDateTime_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
SortHelper("DateTime");
}
void sortBySize_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
SortHelper("Size");
}
void SortHelper(string propertyName)
442
13.
{
//
ICollectionView view = CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView(
this.FindResource("photos"));
// ,
//
if (view.SortDescriptions.Count > 0
&& view.SortDescriptions[0].PropertyName == propertyName
&& view.SortDescriptions[0].Direction == ListSortDirection.Ascending)
{
// ,
//
view.SortDescriptions.Clear();
view.SortDescriptions.Add(new SortDescription(
propertyName, ListSortDirection.Descending));
}
else
{
//
view.SortDescriptions.Clear();
view.SortDescriptions.Add(new SortDescription(
propertyName, ListSortDirection.Ascending));
}
}
, ListBox,
. , ,
- photos,
CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView.
-
,
.

,
ICollectionView.SortDescriptions ( ),
.
IList ( ), ICollec
tionView, CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView,
ListCollectionView. ICol
lectionView ListCollectionView, ,
IComparer, CustomSort.
ICom
parer.Compare. Compare
.
443
ICollectionView GroupDescriptions,
, SortDescriptions.
PropertyGroupDescription
, , .
, photos
DateTime:
//
//
view.GroupDescriptions.Clear();
view.GroupDescriptions.Add(new PropertyGroupDescription("DateTime"));
, , ,
,
. ,
GroupStyle GroupStyle.
HeaderTemplate,
, .
ListBox Photo Gallery
GroupStyle:
<ListBox.GroupStyle>
<GroupStyle>
<GroupStyle.HeaderTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}" FontWeight="Bold"/>
</Border>
</DataTemplate>
</GroupStyle.HeaderTemplate>
</GroupStyle>
</ListBox.GroupStyle>
...
</ListBox>

.
CollectionViewGroup, .
, ,
Name, , .
, ,
Name . .13.10
444
13.
XAML-
.
,
, ,
GroupStyle, WPF.
GroupStyle.Default XAML
:
<ListBox.GroupStyle>
<x:Static Member="GroupStyle.Default"/>
</ListBox.GroupStyle>
...
</ListBox>
.13.10. ListBox
, , , ,
Photo.DateTime .
DateTime , , ,
, !
,
PropertyGroupDescription,
, .
445
. ,
DateTimeToDateConverter, DateTime
, :
public class DateTimeToDateConverter : IValueConverter
{
{
return ((DateTime)value).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy");
}
{
}
}

DateTime. , ,
Convert DateTime:
return ((DateTime)value).Date;
,
,
.. (,
.)
,
:
//
//
view.GroupDescriptions.Clear();
view.GroupDescriptions.Add(
new PropertyGroupDescription("DateTime", new DateTimeToDateConverter()));
.13.11.
,
. .
SortDescription ,
. , (
), ,
( ), ,
.
446
13.
.13.11. ,
Photo.DateTime
, .
PropertyGroupDescription,
null. value
- ( Photo
Photo Gallery), .

ICollectionView ,
,
. Filter Predicate<Object> ( ,
, Object
).
Filter null ( ),
-. ,
.
, ( true),
( false).
C# .
, Photo,
DateTime , 7 :
447
ICollectionView view = CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView(this.FindResource

("photos"));
view.Filter = delegate(object o) {
return ((o as Photo).DateTime DateTime.Now).Days <= 7;
};
-,
:
ICollectionView view = CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView(this.FindResource
("photos"));
view.Filter = (o) => { return ((o as Photo).DateTime DateTime.Now).Days <= 7;};
, view.Filter null.
,
, 7
. ICollectionView
CurrentItem ( CurrentPosition,
, ),
CurrentItem. Photo Gallery

Click Next Photo ( ) Previous Photo (
):
void previous_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//
//
view.MoveCurrentToPrevious();
// ,
if (view.IsCurrentBeforeFirst) view.MoveCurrentToLast();
}
void next_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//
//
view.MoveCurrentToNext();
// ,
if (view.IsCurrentAfterLast) view.MoveCurrentToFirst();
}
448
13.
, .

ListBox, ,
, ,
. , - -
, CurrentItem null, CurrentPosition -1.
, ListBox.
, CurrentPosition ,
CurrentItem .
, Binding,
. ,
Binding
, :
"{Binding Path=/}"
Binding DateTime :
"{Binding Path=/DateTime}"
Binding ,
Photos ,
:
"{Binding Path=Photos/}"
, Binding DateTime
:
"{Binding Path=Photos/DateTime}"
/
.
!
, ,
, IsSynchronizedWithCur
rentItem true. SelectedItem
CurrentItem
. WPF ,

, ,
. , ,

.
449

, ,
,
-. ,
-
. , CollectionViewSource
,
.
.
photos
Photo Gallery, :
CollectionViewSource viewSource = new CollectionViewSource();
viewSource.Source = photos;
// viewSource.View
// ICollectionView,
CollectionViewSource ,
,
XAML-:
<Window.Resources>
<local:Photos x:Key="photos"/>
<CollectionViewSource x:Key="viewSource" Source="{StaticResource photos}"/>
</Window.Resources>
-,
CollectionViewSource,
-, :
ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos viewSource}}" ...>
...
</ListBox>
, Collection
ViewSource, WPF CollectionViewSource ,
Path Binding. ,
Count -
Photos, CollectionViewSource.
ListBox , ,
,
.
, , ,
ICollectionView Collection
ViewSource.GetDefaultView, CollectionViewSource.

XAML, CollectionViewSource
SortDescriptions GroupDescriptions,
450
13.
, ICollectionView. ,
Filter, ,
, XAML-. (,
.)
, , XAML
:
<CollectionViewSource x:Key="viewSource" Filter="viewSource_Filter"

Source="{StaticResource photos}">
<CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions>
<componentModel:SortDescription PropertyName="DateTime" Direction="Descending"/>
</CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions>
<CollectionViewSource.GroupDescriptions>
<PropertyGroupDescription PropertyName="DateTime"/>
</CollectionViewSource.GroupDescriptions>
</CollectionViewSource>
SortDescription .NET,
XML,
:
xmlns:componentModel="clr-namespace:System.ComponentModel;assembly=WindowsBase"
viewSource_Filter, XAML,
, ; -
:
void viewSource_Filter(object sender, FilterEventArgs e)
{
e.Accepted = ((e.Item as Photo).DateTime DateTime.Now).Days <= 7;
}
, - ,
e.Item.
,
e.Accepted , .
-
,
CollectionViewSource ,
!
451
FAQ

( CollectionViewSource),
?
.
. ,
, , , , ,
.
-!

;
, IsSynchronized
WithCurrentItem false. ,
!
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem false, WPF
true, ItemsSource
,
( SelectionMode
Single). , , ,
,
. (- ,
IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem true
.)

- .NET, ,
,
, Windows, Excel ..
.NET,
! (
,
.)
, WPF
,
: XmlDataProvider ObjectDataProvider.
452
13.
WPF3.5 SP1
Language Integrated Query (LINQ).
Source Binding ( DataContext ) LINQ-
IEnumerable ,
. , LINQ to SQL, LINQ to XML
,
LINQ, WPF,
, XML- ..
XmlDataProvider
XmlDataProvider XML-
, . 13.2
XmlDataProvider XML-
:
13.2. XML-
Title="XML Data Binding">
<Window.Resources>
<XmlDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider" XPath="GameStats">
<x:XData>
<GameStats xmlns="">
<! >
<GameStat Type="Beginner">
<HighScore>1203</HighScore>
</GameStat>
XML
<GameStat Type="Intermediate">
</GameStat>
<GameStat Type="Advanced">
</GameStat>
</GameStats>
</x:XData>
</XmlDataProvider>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource dataProvider},

XML
XPath=GameStat/HighScore}" />
</Grid>
</Window>
XmlDataProvider
XML-, XData;
453
, XAML-.
( XData, .)
XPath XmlDataProvider XPath-,
, XML. XPath (
XML Path Language) W3C http://www.w3.
org/TR/xpath.
XML- XAML-,
xmlns, 13.2.
,
( http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presen
tation), XPath- , .
XmlDataProvider ,
, ,
Path Binding,
XPath. 13.2 XPath
HighScore ListBox,
.13.12.
.13.12. XML-
13.2
XML- ( ),
Source XmlDataProvider
(URI),
. URI, ,
, , ..
13.2 XmlDataProvider :
<XmlDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider" XPath="GameStats" Source="GameStats.xml"/>
XPath , ,
. , 13.2
XPath "GameStat/@Type",
ListBox Type GameStat (Beginner, Interme
diate Advanced). "comment()",
XML-!
454
13.

XPath Path
XPath Path
Binding. XML- XmlDataProvider ,
System.Xml.dll ( System.Xml),
XmlNode. ,
, , Path Binding
XmlNode XmlNodeList. ,
OuterXml XmlNode
Label <HighScore>1203</HighScore>,
1203:
<Label Content="{Binding Source={StaticResource dataProvider},
XPath=GameStat/HighScore, Path=OuterXml}"/>
DisplayMemberPath ItemsControl
Path, XPath.
XML- ,
(TreeView Menu) ,
HierarchicalDataTemplates.
13.3, 13.2,
( HierarchicalDataTemplates
DataTemplate), ListBox TreeView, XPath
XML-.
13.3. HierarchicalDataTemplate
Title="XML Data Binding">
<Window.Resources>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="GameStats"
ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=*}">
<TextBlock FontStyle="Italic" Text="All Game Stats"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="GameStat" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=*}">
<TextBlock FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="20" Text="{Binding XPath=@Type}"/>
</HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<DataTemplate DataType="HighScore">
<TextBlock Foreground="Blue" Text="{Binding XPath=.}"/>
</DataTemplate>
<XmlDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider" XPath="GameStats">
<x:XData>
<GameStats xmlns="">

<GameStat Type="Beginner">
</GameStat>
455

<GameStat Type="Intermediate">
</GameStat>
<GameStat Type="Advanced">
</GameStat>
</GameStats>
</x:XData>
</XmlDataProvider>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<TreeView ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource dataProvider},
XPath=.}" />
</Grid>
</Window>
, HierarchicalDataTemplate
, DataTemp
late .
, HierarchicalDataTemplate
ItemsSource.
HierarchicalDataTemplates 13.3
ItemsSource XPath *,
XML-.
DataType
(
Window). XmlDataProvider
DataType XML. ,
,
ResourceDictionary. ,
DataType.
.13.13 XAML- 13.3.
, , TreeView Menu,
.
TreeView 13.3
TreeView Menu
.13.13. HierarchicalDataTemplate
TreeView
Menu ,
456
13.
XML- .
, RSS- Twitter :
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss">
...
</rss>
(, atom:link)
XPath, XmlNamespaceManager
XmlDataProvider Binding. :
<XmlDataProvider Source="http://twitter.com/statuses/user_timeline/24326956.rss"
XmlNamespaceManager="{StaticResource namespaceMapping}"
XPath="rss/channel" x:Key="dataProvider"/>
XmlNamespaceManager
, XmlNamespaceMapping
Collection, . :
<XmlNamespaceMappingCollection x:Key="namespaceMapping">
<XmlNamespaceMapping Uri="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" Prefix="atom"/>
<XmlNamespaceMapping Uri="http://www.georss.org/georss" Prefix="georss"/>
</XmlNamespaceMappingCollection>
,
XML, ,
. XPath,
:
"{Binding XPath=atom:link}"
XPath ,
. , XML-
, XmlNamespaceManager,
.
ObjectDataProvider
XmlDataProvider XML, ObjectDataProvider .NET.
! .
.NET . ObjectDataProvider?
,
. , :
-
457

,
, .
WPF :
Binding IsAsync, XmlDataProvider ObjectDataProvider
IsAsynchronous. ( , ?)
IsAsynchronous true, -
. IsAsynchronous false ObjectDataProvider,
true XmlDataProvider (
XML-, RSS-,
). , IsAsync (
false) true,
-.
Binding.IsAsync ,
- .
:
, ..
, WPF
IsAsync.
IsAsync
, , .
, Recompute,
( , )
. ,
PropertyChanged.
, .
XAML
, ,
, .
photos, . XAML-
ObjectDataProvider:
<Window.Resources>
<local:Photos x:Key="photos"/>
<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider"
ObjectInstance="{StaticResource photos}"/>
</Window.Resources>
, : photos dataPro
vider. . Path Binding
, Binding ,
, ObjectDataProvider.
458
13.
ObjectDataProvider ,
( ),
:
<Window.Resources>

<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Photos}"/>
</Window.Resources>
ObjectDataProvider ,
.
ConstructorParameters .
, Photos , Object
DataProvider :
<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Photos}">
<ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
</ObjectDataProvider.ConstructorParameters>
</ObjectDataProvider>
x:Arguments
XAML2009, XAML2006 . ,
,
. ( , ,
, .) ,
XAML-,

, XAML.

, ObjectDataProvider ,
,
. ,
,
.

. ,
photos GetFolderName, ,
.
:
<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="dataProvider" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Photos}"
MethodName="GetFolderName"/>
,
MethodParameters ObjectDataProvider (
, ConstructorParameters). ,
ObjectDataProvider:
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Source={StaticResource dataProvider}}"/>
459
Path ,
.

ObjectDataProvider, ,
true BindsDirectlyToSource Binding
.
, DataSourceProvider ( Collection
ViewSource), ObjectDataProvider, XmlDataProvider
, .

,
.
,

, .

.
-, ,
. Binding
Mode,
, BindingMode:
OneWay .
TwoWay
.
OneWayToSource OneWay.
, .
OneTime , OneWay ,
.
.
TwoWay DataGrid
, TextBox, ,
.
OneWay,
, TextBox.Text, TwoWay. (
,
460
13.
, TwoWay .
,

.)
BindingMode, !
,
BindingMode , . ,
Label.Content, TextBox.Text Count
, BindingMode OneWay
( OneTime), Count , Two
Way OneWayToSource , - .
,
: Convert ConvertBack. (TwoWay)
, OneWayToSource ConvertBack.
FAQ
OneWayToSource?
, ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
OneWayToSource
, -
. -,
, -,
, OneWayToSource ,
, !
TwoWay OneWayToSource
, . ,
TextBox, TwoWay,
:
? Binding
UpdateSourceTrigger.
461
UpdateSourceTrigger ,
UpdateSourceTrigger:
PropertyChanged .
LostFocus , -
( , ).
Explicit Binding
Expression.UpdateSource. BindingExpression
, BindingOperations.GetBindingExp
ression GetBindingExpression ,
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement.
UpdateSourceTrigger
, Mode. , TextBox.Text
LostFocus.

, 3.
, GetMetadata
(, TextBox.TextProperty.GetMetadata()),
, BindsTwoWayByDefault DefaultUpdateSourceTrigger. ,
, ,
, .NET Reflector.
/
,
. , -
, .
, FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement
SourceUpdated TargetUpdated, .
,
NotifyOnSourceUpdated ( NotifyOnTargetUpdated) Binding
true.

,
. - ,
,
462
13.
,
! ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
JPG- TextBox.
:
.jpg. TextBox ,
, ,
.
, -
. ,
, .
,
,
.
. -,
, -,
, , ,
.

. , ,
BindingMode OneWayToSource TwoWay.

Binding ValidationRules,
, ValidationRule.
- ,
. ,
, JpgValidation
Rule, ValidationRule,
Validate:
public class JpgValidationRule : ValidationRule
{
public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo)
{
string filename = value.ToString();
463
// :
if (!File.Exists(filename))
return new ValidationResult(false, "Value is not a valid file.");
// , .jpg:
if (!filename.EndsWith(".jpg", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
return new ValidationResult(false, "Value is not a .jpg file.");
// !
return new ValidationResult(true, null);
}
}
, , , false
ValidationResult; ,
true. ( ".jpg"
,
JPEG, .)
Binding:
<TextBox>
<TextBox.Text>
<Binding ...>
<Binding.ValidationRules>
<local:JpgValidationRule/>
</Binding.ValidationRules>
</Binding>
</TextBox.Text>
</TextBox>
(
, TextBox ,
UpdateSourceTrigger LostFocus).
( ),
.
, ?
-
. .

Validation.ErrorTemplate,
-. (
.)
, , , ,
.
, , Validation.
HasError, -, true
Validation.Error ( ,
NotifyOnValidationError Binding true).
464
13.
, ,
.
, ,
JpgValidationRule, -
Validation.Errors. ,
.

, ( )
, .
-
, ,
ExceptionValidationRule. :
<TextBox>
<TextBox.Text>
<Binding ...>
<ExceptionValidationRule/>
</Binding>
</TextBox.Text>
</TextBox>
ExceptionValidationRule ,
- .
,
, , .
,
System.ComponentModel.IDataErrorInfo
(
Windows Forms), DataError
ValidationRule .
TextBox :
<TextBox>
<TextBox.Text>
<Binding ...>
<ExceptionValidationRule/>
<DataErrorValidationRule/>
</Binding>
</TextBox.Text>
</TextBox>
,
, ,
465
WPF ,
. WPF3.5 SP1 Binding
ValidatesOnExceptions ValidatesOnDataErrors,
ValidationRules
, . , XAML-
:
<TextBox>
<TextBox.Text>
<Binding ValidatesOnExceptions="True" ValidatesOnDataErrors="True" .../>
</TextBox.Text>
</TextBox>

,
, , UpdateSource
ExceptionFilter Binding. ,
- ,
Exception.
,
ValidationRule. UpdateSourceExceptionFilter
, , ,
ExceptionValidationRule.
, UpdateSourceException
Filter . Validation
Error,
ValidationError Validation.Errors , Validation.HasError true ,
, Validation.Error.
:
,
:
UpdateSourceExceptionFilter
.
ValidatesOnExceptions
ExceptionValidationRule, ErrorTemplate /
, Validation.Has
Error Validation.Error ( NotifyOnVa
lidationError true).
IDataErrorInfo,
ValidatesOnDataErrors
DataErrorValidationRule. ,
466
13.
,
.
Binding

, ,
DataGrid - ,
.
Binding
Group. Binding,
ValidationRule, Binding.
BindingGroup FrameworkElement (
FrameworkContentElement), BindingGroup ( ItemsCont
rol ItemBindingGroup,
, ItemsControl).
BindingGroup Binding,
DataContext, -.
BindingGroup Name,
Binding ;
BindingGroupName Name .
ValidationRule, Bind
ingGroup, Validate
BindingGroup. BindingGroup
, Items,
Binding , ValidationRule
,
. BindingGroup
( DataGrid),
IEditableObject.

WPF
. :
CompositeCollection
MultiBinding
PriorityBinding
CompositeCollection
CompositeCollection
/ .
,
, . XAML-
CompositeCollection, ,
photos, :
467
<CompositeCollection>
<CollectionContainer Collection="{Binding Source={StaticResource photos}}"/>
<local:Photo .../>
<local:Photo .../>
</CompositeCollection>
photos CollectionContainer, Compo

siteCollection , .
photos CompositeCollec
tion, !
MultiBinding
MultiBinding Binding,
.
, WPF ,
. XAML ,
MultiBinding ,
ProgressBar, ,
, :
<ProgressBar ...>
<ProgressBar.Value>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource converter}">
<Binding Source="{StaticResource worker1}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</ProgressBar.Value>
</ProgressBar>
MultiBinding ,
Binding. IMultiValueConverter,
, .
:
public class ProgressConverter : IMultiValueConverter
{
public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType,
{
int totalProgress = 0;
// ,
// Worker
foreach (Worker worker in values)
totalProgress += worker.Progress;
return totalProgress;
}
public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes,
468
13.
{
}
}
MultiBinding StringFormat.
{0} Binding, {1} ..
PriorityBinding
PriorityBinding MultiBinding ,
Binding. ,
!
(
),
, ,
.
. , Microsoft
Word
: 77257,
. 1/3 ( )
. 1/46. Photo Gallery
,

.
XAML- Priority
Binding:
<PriorityBinding>
<Binding Source="HighPri" Path="SlowSpeed" IsAsync="True"/>
<Binding Source="MediumPri" Path="MediumSpeed" IsAsync="True"/>
<Binding Source="LowPri" Path="FastSpeed"/>
</PriorityBinding>
Binding ,
(, , ),
(, , ).

.
: Twitter XAML
469
PriorityBinding Binding,
, IsAsync true,
.
(,
),
!
:
Twitter XAML
WPF
RSS-,
. 13.4
, RSS- Twitter.
Twitter, .13.14.
XAML- Kaxaml (http://ka
xaml.com), .
13.4. RSS-
( Twitter)
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="RSS Reader">
<Window.Resources>
<XmlDataProvider x:Key="Feed"
Source="http://twitter.com/statuses/user_timeline/24326956.rss"/>
</Window.Resources>
<DockPanel
DataContext="{Binding Source={StaticResource Feed},
XPath=/rss/channel/item}">
<TextBox DockPanel.Dock="Top" Text="{Binding Source={StaticResource Feed},
BindsDirectlyToSource=true, Path=Source,
UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"/>
<Label DockPanel.Dock="Top" Content="{Binding XPath=/rss/channel/title}"
FontSize="14" FontWeight="Bold"/>
<Label DockPanel.Dock="Top"
Content="{Binding XPath=/rss/channel/description}"/>
<ListBox DockPanel.Dock="Left" DisplayMemberPath="title"
ItemsSource="{Binding}" IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True" Width="300"/>
<Frame Source="{Binding XPath=link}"/>
</DockPanel>
</Window>
, RSS-
XmlDataProvider.
470
13.
.13.14. , RSS- Twitter,

XAML
:
Text TextBox
Source XmlDataProvider.
,
.
Source
, Binding TextBox BindsDirectlyToSource
true. Path RSS, .
TextBox Binding UpdateSourceTrigger
PropertyChanged,
. , Update
SourceTrigger=Explicit Go (),
.
, !
DisplayMemberPath ListBox
XPath, title ,
XML.
ListBox Frame /
.
Frame,
RSS- - TextBlock. HTML-
.
471
HTML,
Frame WebBrowser URL-
( link, ).
( )
.
,
. , ,
. ,
, ,
,
, .
-
, .
XmlDataProvider ,
, ,
XML- .
Binding

.

. WPF
,
. .
, Expression Blend,
( ),

. Blend

.
XAML-,
,
,
, .
14
14.
, ,
, WPF

, .
(CSS) HTML ,

, . HTML
, ,
SELECT (HTML-)?
, - ,
(, ).
,
WPF:

( CSS HTML).
, .
,
, WPF.

/ , .
,
.
, WPF
.
473
FAQ
WPF
?
!
WPF .

, (
BLINK HTML)?
, . WPF 2003,

, . , ,
, , .
WPF ,
,
. .
,
WPF-
Windows. Silverlight,
, Win
dows-. ,
WPF (
).
,
-,
,
Windows. (
), -, ,
.
Windows, .

,
.
, System.Windows.Style,
. ,
.
.
, , Button . 14.1.
.
,
, 14.1.
474
14. , ,
.14.1.
14.1. !
<Button FontSize="22" Background="Purple" Foreground="White"
Height="50" Width="50" RenderTransformOrigin=".5,.5">
1
</Button>
2
</Button>
3
</Button>
</StackPanel>

,
14.2. Style Setter,
. Setter
( ) .
, ,
,
.
. ,
buttonStyle ,
Resources Window - (
buttonStyle).
, , ,
. , ,
.
, .
475
14.2.
<StackPanel.Resources>
<Style x:Key="buttonStyle">
<Setter Property="Button.FontSize" Value="22"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Background" Value="Purple"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Foreground" Value="White"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Height" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Width" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Button.RenderTransformOrigin" Value=".5,.5"/>
<Setter Property="Button.RenderTransform">
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</StackPanel.Resources>
<Button Style="{StaticResource buttonStyle}" >1</Button>
</StackPanel>
! , Style
buttonStyle,
14.2. BasedOn, ,
:
<Style x:Key="buttonStyleWithBold" BasedOn="{StaticResource buttonStyle}">

<Setter Property="Button.FontWeight" Value="Bold"/>
</Style>

Style
XAML- ( ),
, ,
14.2. Style ,
.

Style 14.2 ,

. 14.3
476
14. , ,
Button.XXX Style Control.XXX,

. .14.2.
.14.2.
14.3.
<Style x:Key="controlStyle">
<Setter Property="Control.FontSize" Value="22"/>
<Setter Property="Control.Background" Value="Purple"/>
<Setter Property="Control.Foreground" Value="White"/>
<Setter Property="Control.Height" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Control.Width" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Control.RenderTransformOrigin" Value=".5,.5"/>
<Setter Property="Control.RenderTransform">
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
<Button Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}">1</Button>
<ComboBox Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}">
<ComboBox.Items>2</ComboBox.Items>
</ComboBox>
<Expander Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}" Content="3"/>
<TabControl Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}">
<TabControl.Items>4</TabControl.Items>
</TabControl>
<ToolBar Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}">
<ToolBar.Items>5</ToolBar.Items>
</ToolBar>
<InkCanvas Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}"/>
<TextBox Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}" Text="7"/>
</StackPanel>
, ,
- , ;
. , InkCanvas Foreground
FontSize. ,
14.3, InkCanvas (Background, Height, Width
..) .
477
Setter Style 14.3 TextBox,

, .14.2:
<Setter Property="TextBox.TextAlignment" Value="Right"/>

( ) Setter
, , , -
Setter 14.3 InkCanvas,
Control, InkCanvas Control!
(
, .NET).
InkCanvas
( DependencyProperty.Register), , Backg
round, (
DependencyProperty.AddOwner).
, ,
Setter.Property, ,
. ,
, .
.
, 14.3 Setter ,
14.2. Button.XXX, Control.
XXX, . ,
14.3 TextBlock, , Button.Fore
ground TextBlock, Button.Background
TextBlock! , TextBlock
Control Foreground,
Background. (Control Background
, Panel InkCanvas, TextBlock
, TextElement, FlowDocument .)

.
, ,
. , 14.3
, controlStyle,
, :
<Button Style="{StaticResource controlStyle}" Background="Red">1</Button>

, 3 WPF.
, .
478
14. , ,

, Style Resources.
,
, ,
- .

, -
, TargetType. ,
Button (
Button):
<Style x:Key="buttonStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
<Setter Property="Button.FontSize" Value="22"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Background" Value="Purple"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Foreground" Value="White"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Height" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Button.Width" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Button.RenderTransformOrigin" Value=".5,.5"/>
<Setter Property="Button.RenderTransform">
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
, Button,
. , 14.3
TargetType="{x:Type Control}",
, InkCanvas.
, TargetType,

Setter. , XAML-
:
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="22"/>
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Purple"/>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"/>
<Setter Property="Height" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="Width" Value="50"/>
<Setter Property="RenderTransformOrigin" Value=".5,.5"/>
<Setter Property="RenderTransform">
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
479

</Setter>
</Style>

TargetType .
Key,
.
, ,
.
Style.
, Window.Resources,
Window. ,
, ,
.
<Application ...>
<Application.Resources>
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</Application.Resources>
</Application>
x:Key !
.
,
- . ,
, Style null.

?
, , ResourceDictionary,
. .
TargetType (
Type, ). , Target
Type Button, :
480
14. , ,
<Button Style="{StaticResource {x:Type Button}}" .../>
TargetType ResourceDictionary
,
.
Style ,
:
[DictionaryKeyProperty("TargetType")]
DictionaryKeyPropertyAttribute
, ,
.
,
TargetType!
,
TargetType,
, TargetType. ,
. ,
ToggleButton , ,
CheckBox (, CheckBox ToggleButton).
(
, ). ,
,
.
. ,
, FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement,
FocusVisualStyle Style. , Focus
VisualStyle, , ; ,

, ( ,
).

. , ItemsControl ItemContainer
Style, (, ListBoxItem
ComboBoxItem). , ToolBar,
ResourceKey, ,
ButtonStyleKey TextBoxStyleKey. XXXStyleKey
,
. :
481
<Application ...>
<Style x:Key="{x:Static ToolBar.ButtonStyleKey}" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
...
</Style>
</Application>
, ToolBar ResourceKey,
Style, ,
.
ItemsControl , ItemCon
tainerStyle null,
. ToolBar
, .
, 3,
Setter , (/ Trigger
Action).
, .
, :

.

.NET.

.
FrameworkElement, Style, DataTemplate ControlTemplate (
) Triggers,
, Framework
Element . , Style
,
,
.

. 17 .

( Trigger)
Setter,
. ,
Setter.
482
14. , ,
, buttonStyle
, ;
, Foreground Black White:
<Style.Triggers>
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/>
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
.14.3 .
Foreground Black,
, Windows 7
.
Button, ,
Button (. ).
, Background .
IsMouseOver=false
IsMouseOver=true
.14.3.

.
JpgValidationRule Text
Box, JPG-.
, ,
, Validation.
HasError:
<Style x:Key="textBoxStyle" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
<Style.Triggers>
483

<Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="True">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/>
<Setter Property="ToolTip"
Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self},
Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"/>
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
,
ToolTip. ,
RelativeSource Validation.Errors
, .
TextBox, ,
, .14.4:
<TextBox Style="{StaticResource textBoxStyle}">
<TextBox.Text>
<Binding ...>
<local:JpgValidationRule/>
</Binding>
</TextBox.Text>
</TextBox>
.14.4.
14.4
AlternationIndex ItemsControl,
10 .
ItemContainerStyle ItemsCont
rol , . (
, , , ListBox
ListBoxItem.) .14.5 .
14.4. ,
, ListBoxItem TreeViewItem
Orientation="Horizontal">
<Style x:Key="AlternatingRowStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Control}">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Green"/>
484
14. , ,

<Style.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="ItemsControl.AlternationIndex" Value="1">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="White"/>
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
<ListBox AlternationCount="2" Margin="10" Width="200"
ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource AlternatingRowStyle}">
</ListBox>
<TreeView AlternationCount="2" Margin="10" Width="200"
<TreeViewItem Header="Root 1" AlternationCount="2"
<TreeViewItem Header="Subitem 1"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="Root 2" AlternationCount="2"
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeView>
</StackPanel>
.14.5. ListBox TreeView,

,
AlternationIndex 1,
485
, . ,

, AlternationCount 2 (
0, 1, 0, 1, ).
, ListBoxItem,
TreeViewItem, Control ( ,
),
ItemsControl.AlternationIndex, - (,
ListBox.AlternationIndex). , . 14.5,
TreeViewItem, , Alternation
Count 2, ItemContainerStyle
. , TreeViewItem (
) .

,
.NET, . (,
Setter -
.)
,
Triggers DataTrigger /.
.NET
Binding, .
TextBox ,
IsEnabled Text,
. Text "disabled", IsEnabled
false (,
):
<Style TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
<Style.Triggers>
<DataTrigger
Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Text}"
Value="disabled">
<Setter Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"/>
</DataTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
<Setter Property="Background"
Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Text}"/>
</Style>
<TextBox Margin="3"/>
</StackPanel>
Binding Text ;
Background TextBox
486
14. , ,
( Brush).
, ,
. (
Setter
, , .)
.14.6 Text.
.14.6. TextBox ,
"disabled"

:
=, .
:
(
).
(
).
. Style.Triggers
,
Setter
:
<Style.Triggers>
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsFocused" Value="True">
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
487
</Trigger>
</Style.Triggers>
: IsMouseOver true IsFocused true,

.

Setter, .
Setter .
. ,
Trigger MultiTrigger
DataTrigger MultiDataTrigger. MultiTrig
ger, MultiDataTrigger Conditions,
, Trigger DataTrigger.
, MultiTrigger :
<Style.Triggers>
<MultiTrigger>
<MultiTrigger.Conditions>
<Condition Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True"/>
<Condition Property="IsFocused" Value="True"/>
</MultiTrigger.Conditions>
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</MultiTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
: IsMouseOver true IsFocused true,

. MultiDataTrigger ,
MultiTrigger, .NET.

, EventSetter (
, Setter),
, . EventSetter
, Setter:
488
14. , ,

<EventSetter Event="MouseEnter" Handler="Button_MouseEnter"/>
</Style>
,
,
.
, Control, ,
. Button
Background Foreground (
), TabControl -
TabStripPlacement ..
.
,
, ,
. , ( WPF)
;
WPF (
Windows).
( ).

, WPF
. ,
Expander .14.2,
.

Expander. Expander ArrowBrush ArrowColor,
Expander !
. ,
,
. ControlTemplate,
FrameworkTemplate. , FrameworkTemplate,
: DataTemplate ( ) ItemsPanelTemplate
(10).
.NET, ,
TextBlock,
, ToString. ItemsPanelTemplate
ItemsPanel , ItemsControl;
.
489

(!) ,
, .
.

ControlTemplate Visual
Tree, ,
. ControlTemplate ( , XAML),
Control Page, Temp
late. 14.5 ,
, Button.
.14.7 .
14.5. ControlTemplate
<Grid>
<Grid.Resources>
<ControlTemplate x:Key="buttonTemplate">
<Grid>
<Ellipse Width="100" Height="100">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Blue"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="Red"/>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Ellipse.Fill>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="White"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="Transparent"/>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Grid.Resources>
<Button Template="{StaticResource buttonTemplate}">OK</Button>
</Grid>
, (
Ellipse), Grid
. , -
Click, IsDefault
. - Button!
490
14. , ,
.14.7. , ControlTemplate
14.5 Button -
. FrameworkElement Frame
workContentElement TemplatedParent
.

,
Triggers. 14.6 ControlTemplate

. Button.IsMouseOver
, Button.IsPressed ,
ScaleTransform, .
.14.8.
14.6. ControlTemplate,
<Grid>
<Grid.Resources>
<ControlTemplate x:Key="buttonTemplate">
<Grid>
<Ellipse x:Name="outerCircle" Width="100" Height="100">
<Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
491

</Grid>
<Trigger Property="Button.IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="outerCircle" Property="Fill" Value="Orange"/>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="Button.IsPressed" Value="True">
<Setter.Value>
<ScaleTransform ScaleX=".9" ScaleY=".9"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate>
</Grid.Resources>
<Button Template="{StaticResource buttonTemplate}">OK</Button>
</Grid>
IsMouseOver=True
IsPressed=True
( IsMouseOver=True)
.14.8. ,
ControlTemplate 14.6
,
outerCircle. ,
. TargetName Set
ter ( ),
Fill Orange outerCircle.
TargetName, ,
, Button
Fill .
.
. Scale
Transform ( RenderTransform) ,
RenderTransformOrigin, .
.14.8 , ,
( 10%)
.
492
14. , ,
TargetName Setter Trigger (

EventTrigger Condition) SourceName,
,
. , IsMouseOver

.

x:Name
, .
x:Name . ,
.
,
( , XAML).
-
, FindName Template ,
.

Style, ControlTemplate TargetType,
. ,

(, Trigger.Property Setter.Pro
perty). , 14.6
:
<ControlTemplate x:Key="buttonTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
<Grid>
...
</Grid>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
493
</ControlTemplate>
, Proper
ty Setter .
, TargetName,
Control. (
TargetType Control.)
Style, TargetType
x:Key ( ).
,
; ,
.
-
, , .
, , ,
. ,
"OK",
. ,
, ,
.
Content ContentControl

. , TemplateBindingEx
tension .
,
Binding, ,
. TemplateBinding, Exten
sion XAML .
TemplateBinding ,
,
Property TemplateBinding. , 14.6
TextBlock,
Content Button:
<TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Property=Button.Content}"/>
, TemplateBinding ,
, :
<TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Button.Content}"/>
TargetType (
, ContentControl),
:
494
14. , ,
<TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Content}"/>
, ,
TextBlock
.
Content , TextBlock
ContentControl. 14.7 . ContentControl
Margin, Viewbox,
.

<Grid>
<Ellipse x:Name="outerCircle" Width="100" Height="100">
<Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Viewbox>
<ContentControl Margin="20" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"/>
</Viewbox>
</Grid>
</Trigger>
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate>
.14.9 ,
. "OK",
495
Image.
.
.14.9. , 14.7
ContentControl,
ContentPresenter.
, ContentControl,
. ContentPresenter
, ContentControl
(, , ContentPresenter)!
14.7
<ContentControl Margin="20" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"/>
:
<ContentPresenter Margin="20" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"/>
ContentPresenter :
Content {TemplateBinding Content},
. :
<ContentPresenter Margin="20"/>
, TargetType
, ContentControl (, Button).
ContentPresenter
ContentControl, .
TemplateBinding
,
Freezable!
TemplateBinding
VisualTree, .
, TemplateBinding ,
Freezable. ,
Color Brush .
496
14. , ,
TemplateBinding ,
Binding. ,
Binding, RelativeSource {Relati
veSource TemplatedParent}, Path ,
. Binding ,
TemplateBinding .

,
, ,
: Height Width,
, Background, Padding .. (, Foreground, Font
Size, FontWeight )
,
.
14.8 14.7,
Background, Padding Content Button.
,
Height Width,
. 14.8 ContentPresenter ContentControl,
.

<Grid>
<Ellipse x:Name="outerCircle">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<GradientStop Offset="0"
Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},
Path=Background.Color}"/>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Ellipse RenderTransformOrigin=".5,.5">
<Ellipse.RenderTransform>
</Ellipse.RenderTransform>
<Ellipse.Fill>
497
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Viewbox>
<ContentPresenter Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"/>
</Viewbox>
</Grid>
</Trigger>
<Setter.Value>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate>
Padding Margin
ContentPresenter. Padding
Margin
. , , , !
,
,
Background. {TemplateBinding Backgro
und} Fill outerCircle,
, .. , ,
,
. ,
Background.
GradientStop.Color {Template
Binding Background}, Color, Background
Brush ( GradientStop Freezable)!
Binding,
Color. (, Binding ,
Background SolidColorBrush,
Color .)
( Grid)
Height Width,
.
ActualHeight ActualWidth. ,
-
! ,
, Width Height.
498
14. , ,
,
Viewbox.
, 14.8,
ScaleTransform , 80%
.
,
. , ScaleTransform
. ( ,
,
Margin.)
.14.10
:
<Button Template="{StaticResource buttonTemplate}"
Height="100" Width="100" FontSize="80" Background="Black"
Padding="20" Margin="5">1</Button>
Height="150" Width="250" FontSize="80" Background="Yellow"
Height="200" Width="200" FontSize="80" Background="White"
</StackPanel>
.14.10 Background, Padding

Content, . Height
Width , FontSize
ContentPresenter, .
,
ContentPresenter Viewbox,
. Margin, ,
, StackPanel,
.
.14.10. ,
14.8
499

TemplateBinding
Binding, TemplateBinding
. TemplateBinding Converter Converter
Parameter, , , ConverterCulture.
, Binding.

, , .
, 14.8 ,
.
? Button !
,
20 .
, Button,
HoverBrush. -
.
, . ,
.
- ,
- .

. ,
,
. ,
, Control, Brush: Back
ground, Foreground BorderBrush. Background Foreground
14.8,
, . ( ,
.)
BorderBrush . ,
?
,
, . ,
IsMouseOver 14.8,
BorderBrush:
<Setter TargetName="outerCircle" Property="Fill"
Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},
Path=BorderBrush}"/>
</Trigger>
500
14. , ,
Binding, TemplateBinding,
Trigger .
,
, -
! , ,
, ,
(,
).
,
. WPF
! , -
.

, . ,
, 14.8, CheckBox Toggle
Button ( TargetType).
Checked,
Unchecked Indeterminate,
!
14.8 Button!
, , IsEnabled
false, IsDefaulted true,
.
, -
,
.

.
, ProgressBar
, . 14.9
ProgressBar ( ),
.

Value -,
.
, IsEnabled IsIndeterminate
. .14.11 14.12
, :
<ProgressBar Foreground="{StaticResource foregroundBrush}" Width="100"
Height="100" Value="10" Template="{StaticResource progressPie}"/>
501
0%
10%
50%
75%
100%
.14.11. ProgressBar

IsEnabled=false
IsIndeterminate=true
.14.12. ProgressBar

foregroundBrush :
<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="foregroundBrush" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="1,1">
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="LightGreen"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="DarkGreen"/>
14.9. ProgressBar
<Application x:Class="WindowsApplication1.App"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowsApplication1"
StartupUri="Window1.xaml">
<ControlTemplate x:Key="progressPie" TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">

<ControlTemplate.Resources>
<local:ValueMinMaxToPointConverter x:Key="converter1"/>
<local:ValueMinMaxToIsLargeArcConverter x:Key="converter2"/>
</ControlTemplate.Resources>

<Viewbox>
<Grid Width="20" Height="20">
<Ellipse x:Name="background" Stroke="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
StrokeThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
Width="20" Height="20" Fill="{TemplateBinding Background}"/>
<Path x:Name="pie" Fill="{TemplateBinding Foreground}">
<Path.Data>
<PathGeometry>
<PathFigure StartPoint="10,10" IsClosed="True">
502
14. , ,
<LineSegment Point="10,0"/>
<ArcSegment Size="10,10" SweepDirection="Clockwise">
<ArcSegment.Point>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource converter1}">
<Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource TemplatedParent}"
Path="Value"/>
Path="Minimum"/>
Path="Maximum"/>
</MultiBinding>
</ArcSegment.Point>
<ArcSegment.IsLargeArc>
Path="Value"/>
Path="Minimum"/>
Path="Maximum"/>
</MultiBinding>
</ArcSegment.IsLargeArc>
</ArcSegment>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
</Grid>
</Viewbox>

<Trigger Property="IsIndeterminate" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="pie" Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden"/>
<Setter TargetName="background" Property="Fill">
<Setter.Value>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Yellow"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="Brown"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
<Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
<Setter TargetName="pie" Property="Fill">
<Setter.Value>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Gray"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
503
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate>
</Application>
Viewbox, Grid
2020 .
Background, BorderBrush BorderThickness ,
( 10), . Path (
), - Foreground

MultiBinding ( ,
14.10). MultiBinding, TemplateBinding
Binding,
ProgressBar: Value, Minimum Maximum. ,
.14.12,
Brush ( IsIndeterminate ). ,
IsIndeterminate
, , ,
. ,
ProgressBar. , Orientation ,
, , ,
.
: 14.9 ,
Resources ControlTemplate. Style,
, FrameworkTemplate,
Resources. ,
.
14.10. , 14.9
public class ValueMinMaxToIsLargeArcConverter : IMultiValueConverter
{
{
double value = (double)values[0];
double minimum = (double)values[1];
double maximum = (double)values[2];
// true, value 50%
return ((value * 2) >= (maximum - minimum));
504
14. , ,
}
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
}
public class ValueMinMaxToPointConverter : IMultiValueConverter
{
{
double value = (double)values[0];
double minimum = (double)values[1];
double maximum = (double)values[2];
// value 0 360
double current = (value / (maximum - minimum)) * 360;
// ,
// ArcSegment
if (current == 360)
current = 359.999;
// 90 , 0
current = current - 90;
//
current = current * 0.017453292519943295;
//
double x = 10 + 10 * Math.Cos(current);
double y = 10 + 10 * Math.Sin(current);
return new Point(x, y);
}
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
}
.
IsLargeArc ArcSegment (. 14.9) true,
, false .
, ValueMinMaxToIsLargeArcConverter
ProgressBar
.
505
. Point
, .
Value (),
.

, 10,
(10,10).

,
.
, ,
. ,
WPF4
(Visual State Manager VSM),
Silverlight.
VSM ,
,
. , VSM
. , Expres
sion Blend .

WPF . ,

. .
ProgressBar PART_Indi
cator PART_Track, , Width (
Height ) PART_Indicator
( )
PART_Track, Value, Minimum
Maximum .
(. 14.9) , , .
, ProgressBar,
(
).
ComboBox Popup
PART_Popup,
DropDownClosed ComboBox.
TextBox PART_EditableTextBox,
ComboBox
, .
506
14. , ,
, Text
Box PasswordBox, PART_

ContentHost. ,
!

FrameworkElement, ,
. .14.1
, WPF
. ,
, (, TextBox PasswordBox
PART_ContentHost TextBoxBase).
14.1. , WPF

Calendar
PART_CalendarItem
PART_Root
CalendarItem
Panel
CalendarItem
DayTitleTemplate
PART_DisabledVisual
PART_HeaderButton
PART_MonthView
PART_NextButton
PART_PreviousButton
PART_Root
PART_YearView
DataTemplate
FrameworkElement
Button
Grid
Button
Button
FrameworkElement
Grid
ComboBox
PART_EditableTextBox
PART_Popup
TextBox
Popup
DataGridColumnFloatingHeader
PART_VisualBrushCanvas
Canvas
DataGridColumnHeader
PART_LeftHeaderGripper
PART_RightHeaderGripper
Thumb
Thumb
DataGridColumnHeadersPresenter
PART_FillerColumnHeader
DataGridRowHeader
PART_BottomHeaderGripper
PART_TopHeaderGripper
Thumb
Thumb
DatePicker
PART_Button
PART_Popup
PART_Root
PART_TextBox
Button
Popup
Grid
DatePickerTextBox
DatePickerTextBox
PART_Watermark
ContentControl
DocumentViewer
PART_ContentHost
PART_FindToolBarHost
ScrollViewer
ContentControl
507
DocumentViewerBase
Decorator
FlowDocumentReader
PART_ContentHost
Decorator
Decorator
PART_ContentHost
PART_ToolBarHost
ScrollViewer
Decorator
Decorator
Frame
PART_FrameCP
ContentPresenter
GridViewColumnHeader
PART_FloatingHeaderCanvas
PART_HeaderGripper
Canvas
Thumb
MenuItem
PART_Popup
Popup
NavigationWindow
PART_NavWinCP
ContentPresenter
ProgressBar
PART_GlowRect
PART_Indicator
PART_Track
FrameworkElement
FrameworkElement
FrameworkElement
ScrollBar
PART_Track
Track
ScrollViewer
PART_HorizontalScrollBar
PART_ScrollContentPresenter
PART_VerticalScrollBar
ScrollBar
ScrollContentPresenter
ScrollBar
Slider
PART_SelectionRange
PART_Track
FrameworkElement
Track
StickyNoteControl
PART_ClipboardSeparator
Separator
PART_CloseButton
PART_ContentControl
PART_CopyMenuItem
PART_EraseMenuItem
PART_IconButton
PART_InkMenuItem
PART_PasteMenuItem
PART_ResizeBottomRightThumb
PART_SelectMenuItem
PART_TitleThumb
Button
ContentControl
MenuItem
MenuItem
Button
MenuItem
MenuItem
Thumb
MenuItem
Thumb
TabControl
PART_SelectedContentHost
ContentPresenter
TextBoxBase
PART_ContentHost
FrameworkElement
ToolBar
PART_ToolBarOverflowPanel
PART_ToolBarPanel
ToolBarOverflowPanel
ToolBarPanel
TreeViewItem
PART_Header
FrameworkElement
508
14. , ,
, , WPF
( ),
(
), !
, , .
, , -
,
ProgressBar.

, Templa
tePartAttribute, , .
. WPF
, PART_XXX (,
, CalendarItem); Silverlight
.
, ,
. , , ,
,
!

,
WPF4. ,
(
VisualStateManager.GoToState).

, .
, WPF4
.
Expression Blend,
Silverlight.
, ,
. , Button
CommonStates: Normal, MouseOver, Pressed Disabled,
FocusStates: Unfocused Focused.
Button ,
Normal Unfocused.
, ,
(, NormalUnfocused, NormalFocused, MouseOver
Unfocused, MouseOverFocused .).
.14.2 ,
WPF.
DataGridRow DataGridRowHeader;
. (, -
.) , , ;
509
Button ButtonBase. Data

GridColumnHeader SortStates,
ButtonBase.
, . , ProgressBar
CommonStates: Determinate Indeterminate,
, Range
Base, , , CommonStates,
FocusStates .
14.2. ,
WPF

ButtonBase
CommonStates
Normal, MouseOver, Pressed, Disabled
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
SelectionStates
Unselected, Selected
CalendarButtonFocus
States
CalendarButtonUnfocused, CalendarBut
tonFocused
ActiveStates
Inactive, Active
SelectionStates
CalendarButtonFocus
States
CalendarButtonUnfocused, Calendar
ButtonFocused
ActiveStates
Inactive, Active
DayStates
RegularDay, Today
BlackoutDayStates
NormalDay, BlackoutDay
CalendarItem
CommonStates
Normal, Disabled
ComboBox
CommonStates
Normal, MouseOver, Disabled
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused, FocusedDropDown
EditStates
Editable, Uneditable
CommonStates
Normal, MouseOver
SelectionStates
Unselected, Selected, SelectedUnfocused
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
Control
ValidationStates
Valid, InvalidFocused, InvalidUnfocused
DataGrid
CommonStates
Normal, Disabled
DataGridCell
CommonStates
Normal, MouseOver
SelectionStates
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
CurrentStates
Regular, Current
InteractionStates
Display, Editing
CalendarButton
CalendarDayButton
ComboBoxItem
510
14. , ,
14.2 ()

SortStates
Unsorted, SortAscending, SortDescending
DataGridRow
CommonStates
Normal, Normal_AlternatingRow, Normal_

Editing, Normal_Selected, Unfocused_
Editing, Unfocused_Selected, MouseOver,
MouseOver_Editing, MouseOver_Selected,
MouseOver_Unfocused_Editing, MouseOver_
Unfocused_Selected
DataGridRowHeader
CommonStates
Normal, Normal_Selected, Normal_Edit

ingRow, Normal_CurrentRow, Normal_Cur
rentRow_Selected, Unfocused_Selected,
Unfocused_EditingRow, Unfocused_Cur
rentRow_Selected, MouseOver, MouseOver_
Selected, MouseOver_EditingRow, Mouse
Over_CurrentRow, MouseOver_CurrentRow_
Selected, MouseOver_Unfocused_Selected,
MouseOver_Unfocused_EditingRow, Mouse
Over_Unfocused_CurrentRow_Selected
DatePicker
CommonStates
Normal, Disabled
DatePickerTextBox
WatermarkStates
Unwatermarked, Watermarked
Expander
CommonStates
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
ExpansionStates
Expanded, Collapsed
ExpandDirectionStates ExpandDown, ExpandUp, ExpandLeft,

ExpandRight
GridSpliter
CommonStates
ListBoxItem
CommonStates
SelectionStates
Unselected, Selected, SelectedUnfocused
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
ProgressBar
CommonStates
Determinate, Indeterminate
RangeBase
CommonStates
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
CommonStates
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
TabControl
CommonStates
Normal, Disabled
TabItem
CommonStates
SelectionStates
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
ScrollBar
511
TextBox
CommonStates
ReadOnly ( TextBoxBase)
TextBoxBase
CommonStates
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
CommonStates
Normal, MouseOver, Pressed, Disabled
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
ToggleButton
CheckStates
Checked, Unchecked, Indeterminate
ToolTip
OpenStates
Open, Closed
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
CommonStates
SelectionStates
Unselected, Selected, SelectedInactive
FocusStates
Unfocused, Focused
ExpansionStates
Collapsed, Expanded
HasItemsStates
HasItems, NoItems
Thumb
TreeViewItem
, ,
VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups
VisualSta
teGroup,
VisualState.
14.11
14.9, ProgressBar ;
.
ProgressBar Determinate Indeterminate,
Normal Disabled, -
, IsEnabled
false. , , IsIn
determinate true,
Indeterminate.
14.11.
VSM
<Application x:Class="WindowsApplication1.App"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowsApplication1"
<ControlTemplate x:Key="progressPie" TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">
512
14. , ,

<ControlTemplate.Resources>
<local:ValueMinMaxToPointConverter x:Key="converter1"/>
<local:ValueMinMaxToIsLargeArcConverter x:Key="converter2"/>
</ControlTemplate.Resources>

<Viewbox>

<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup Name="CommonStates">
<VisualState Name="Determinate"/> 
<VisualState Name="Indeterminate">
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="pie"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" To="0" Duration="0"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="backgroundNormal"
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="backgroundIndeterminate"
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<Grid Width="20" Height="20">
<Ellipse x:Name="backgroundIndeterminate" Opacity="0"
Stroke="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
Width="20" Height="20">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Yellow"/>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
<Ellipse x:Name="backgroundNormal" Stroke="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
Width="20" Height="20" Fill="{TemplateBinding Background}"/>
<Path.Data>
<PathGeometry>
<ArcSegment Size="10,10" SweepDirection="Clockwise">
<ArcSegment.Point>
Path="Value"/>
Path="Minimum"/>
513

Path="Maximum"/>
</MultiBinding>
</ArcSegment.Point>
<ArcSegment.IsLargeArc>
Path="Value"/>
Path="Minimum"/>
Path="Maximum"/>
</MultiBinding>
</ArcSegment.IsLargeArc>
</ArcSegment>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
</Grid>
</Viewbox>

<Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
<Setter TargetName="pie" Property="Fill">
<Setter.Value>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Gray"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate>
</Application>
VisualState Storyboard,
17.
( 14.11),
. Storyboard
Fill , , LinearGradientBrush,
backgroundNormal,
, backgroundIndeterminate,
( Opacity 0).
Indeterminate
,
Opacity backgroundNormal 0,
514
14. , ,
backgroundIndeterminate 1.
, Duration
DoubleAnimation. 17
.
Button (. 14.8) ,
VSM.
,
TemplateVisualStateAttri
bute. WPF
.
VisualStateGroup Transitions ,
VisualTransition,
.
. 17.

, Template Control
Style,
:
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
...
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
...
</Style>

, :
. ,

,
- !
,
,
515
. ,
, -,
.
.
, ProgressBar
. ,
. ,
Foreground - ( 14.9),
ProgressBar
Foreground. Foreground Progress
Bar , !
, Setter Style,
,
ProgressBar
Foreground. {TemplateBinding Foreground}
. Style :
<Style x:Key="pieStyle" TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">
<Setter Property="Foreground">
<Setter.Value>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="LightGreen"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="DarkGreen"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">
...
...
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
:

<ProgressBar Style="{StaticResource pieStyle}"
Width="100" Height="100" Value="10"/>

<ProgressBar Style="{StaticResource pieStyle}" Foreground="Red"
Width="100" Height="100" Value="10"/>
, ,
Width Height.
516
14. , ,

Style ,
: Style, ,
Style, Setter Style!
,
.
Setter .
FAQ

, ?
( BasedOn
Style) . XAML-
,
. ,
, ,
,
WPF , .
XAML-
, ( ,
, ):
string xaml = XamlWriter.Save(someControl.Template);
,
. ,
DefaultStyleKey (
), Style:
//
object defaultStyleKey = someElement.GetValue(
FrameworkElement.DefaultStyleKeyProperty);
//
Style style = (Style)Application.Current.FindResource(defaultStyleKey);
// XAML-
string xaml = System.Windows.Markup.XamlWriter.Save(style);
FindResource
, typeof(Button) Button (
).
, :
Windows SDK, XAML-
, WPF.
517
.NET Reflector BAML Viewer
, , Presentation
Framework.Aero.dll.
Expression Blend,
Edit TemplateEdit a Copy (
), XAML-.
(XAML- , WPF,
Blend Program Files.)
. Blend

, .
.
()
, . WPF
, .
,
WPF (. 12
) .

. Win32 Windows Forms,
, , WPF-
XAML, , ,
. ( XAML- ;
, , -
. . FAQ .)
XAML-?

Window Page XAML-,
( , 2 XAML).

, .
XAML- ,
, ..
( , ,
.) Visual Studio 2010
, XAML.
Page,
. ,
Page .
518
14. , ,

, Resource
Dictionary. ,
- ,
. ,
ResourceDictionary / .
,
Window ,
(.14.13):
<Window x:Class="WindowsApplication1.Window1"
Title="Please Wait" Height="200" Width="300" ResizeMode="NoResize">
<Grid>
<StackPanel Style="{DynamicResource DialogStyle}">
<Label Style="{DynamicResource HeadingStyle}">Loading...</Label>
<ProgressBar Value="35" MinHeight="20" Margin="20"/>
<Button Style="{DynamicResource CancelButtonStyle}" Width="70"
Click="Cancel_Click">Cancel</Button>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>
.14.13. ,
,
Style. ,
,
. , , Cancel
() .
Cancel CancelButtonStyle.
,
.
Window ,
.14.13, App.xaml,
Style, :
519
<Application xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
<Style x:Key="DialogStyle" TargetType="{x:Type StackPanel}">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="20"/>
</Style>
<Style x:Key="HeadingStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Label}">
<Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"/>
</Style>
<Style x:Key="CancelButtonStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Button}"/>
</Application>
, CancelButtonStyle ,
. , ,
- .
,
,
!
:
<ResourceDictionary
...
</Style>
...
</Style>
<Style x:Key="CancelButtonStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
...
</Style>
...
XAML-
Application.Resources.
XAML-, :
ResourceDictionary resources = null;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("CustomSkin.xaml",
FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
520
14. , ,
// , ResourceDictionary
resources = (ResourceDictionary)XamlReader.Load(fs);
}
Application.Current.Resources = resources;
, URL:
ResourceDictionary resources = null;
System.Net.WebClient client = new System.Net.WebClient();
using (Stream s = client.OpenRead("http://adamnathan.net/wpf/CustomSkin.xaml"))
{
// , ResourceDictionary
resources = (ResourceDictionary)XamlReader.Load(s);
}
Application.Current.Resources
, - ResourceDictionary,
,
!
FAQ
, ,
?
Application.Resources , - , ,
,
. ,
.
, . ,
, CancelButtonStyle,
:
System.Windows.ResourceDictionary Warning: 9 : Resource not found;
ResourceKey='CancelButtonStyle'
, -:
/
.
(
http://informit.com/title/9780672331190
)
Cancel. , ,
.

.14.13; .14.14.
521
.14.14.
, Prog
ressBar ( ,
),
.
ProgressBar. , ,
ResourceDictionary
,
. CancelButtonStyle, ,
TranslateTransform, ,
, . ,
Label:
- 1 (
, , ).

,
ProgressBar
( ),
XAML- .
ResourceDictionary
. Application.LoadComponent
,
(. 12).

, :
ResourceDictionary resources = (ResourceDictionary)Application.LoadComponent(
new Uri("CustomSkin.xaml", UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute));
, -
. . .
522
14. , ,

. 14.12 .
14.12.
<ResourceDictionary

<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0"/>
<Setter Property="Background">
<Setter.Value>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="LightBlue"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>

<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Segoe Print"/>
<Setter.Value>
<TransformGroup>
<RotateTransform Angle="-35"/>
<TranslateTransform X="-19" Y="55"/>
</TransformGroup>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter Property="Effect">
<Setter.Value>
<DropShadowEffect ShadowDepth="2"/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>

<Style x:Key="CancelButtonStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
<Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed"/>
</Style>

<Style TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">
<Setter.Value>
523
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">

<Expander Header="More Details" ExpandDirection="Left">
<ProgressBar Style="{x:Null}"
Height="30" Value="{TemplateBinding Value}"
Minimum="{TemplateBinding Minimum}"
Maximum="{TemplateBinding Maximum}"
IsEnabled="{TemplateBinding IsEnabled}"
IsIndeterminate="{TemplateBinding IsIndeterminate}"/>
</Expander>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
DialogStyle HeadingStyle (
,
). ,
, CancelButtonStyle
Cancel! ( , ,
).
,
!
ProgressBar
.
, ProgressBar Expander (
)! Tem
plateBinding, -. ,
ProgressBar null. ,
. Style,
ProgressBar
, Expander Expander Expander ..
FAQ
?
.
,
ResourceDictionary ,
, , -, . ,
- ,
Setter, Visibility.
, ?
, - ?
!
524
14. , ,

. , -
- ,
. ( XAML-!)
.
XAML ,
.
, , ,
,
.
, , ,
.
,
,
. ,
Windows Classic,
. Windows XP
(, , )
.
Windows
WPF (
Button 9 ).
,
. ,
, ,
!
,
. ,
,
, .
,
(, ), .
. , ,
, .
,
, SystemColors, SystemFonts SystemParameters,
Windows. ,
,
.
525
ProgressBar
SystemColors
( . 12):
<Style TargetType="{x:Type ProgressBar}">
<Style.Resources>
<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="foregroundBrush" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="1,1">
Color="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.InactiveCaptionColorKey}}"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.5"
Color="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.InactiveCaptionColorKey}}"/>
Color="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ActiveCaptionColorKey}}"/>
</Style.Resources>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource foregroundBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="Background"
Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlBrushKey}}"/>
...
</Style>
.14.15 Win
dows.
Windows 7 (Aero)
Windows Classic
.14.15.
,

WPF
, .
Windows7 Aero , Windows Classic
. ,
.
,
, .
, - .14.15 ProgressBar Windows
Classic ! ,
, , .
,
, (
, ). WPF
526
14. , ,
,
Win32 WM_THEMECHANGE ( WM_DWMCOMPO
SITIONCHANGED 8 Windows 7). , , WPF
Win32 API
,
.
XAML, .
.
, themes
( !) ThemeName.
ThemeColor.xaml ( ). WPF

. .
Microsoft URI
:
Aero (Windows Vista Windows 7): themes\Aero.NormalColor.xaml
Windows XP : themes\Luna.NormalColor.xaml
Windows XP: themes\Luna.Homestead.xaml
Windows XP: themes\Luna.Metallic.xaml
Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Windows XP Tablet PC Edi
tion 2005: themes\Royale.NormalColor.xaml
Windows Classic: themes\Classic.xaml
Zune Windows XP: themes\Zune.NormalColor.xaml
Windows Classic: URI
ThemeColor.
,
, , .
; themes\Gene
ric.xaml.
, .
, .
,
, Theme
InfoAttribute.
ResourceDictionaryLocation. , WPF
, .
:
527
None . .
SourceAssembly .
ExternalAssembly , As
semblyName.ThemeName.dll ( AssemblyName
). WPF ,
PresentationFramework.Aero.dll, PresentationFramework.Luna.dll
..
.
ThemeInfoAttribute :
//
[assembly:ThemeInfo(ResourceDictionaryLocation.SourceAssembly,
ResourceDictionaryLocation.SourceAssembly)]
:
. ThemeInfoAtt
ribute, ,
, .
( ),
, .
,
Button ProgressBar ,
,
ThemeDictionaryExtension.
ThemeDictionaryExtension ,
. ,
, .
ThemeDictionaryExtension
Source ResourceDictionary,
, . :
<Application ...>
<ResourceDictionary>
<ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
<ResourceDictionary .../>
<ResourceDictionary Source="{ThemeDictionary MyApplication}"/>
</ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
</Application>
, , ProgressBar
Windows. MyApplication
, TargetType {x:Type Progress
Bar}, ProgressBar
ThemeDicti
onaryExtension.
528
14. , ,

, .
20,
. ,

ProgressPie:
public class ProgressPie : ProgressBar
{
static ProgressPie()
{
DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(
typeof(ProgressPie),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(ProgressPie)));
}
}
ProgressPie ProgressBar,
. -
, ,
ProgressBar.
ProgressPie,
DefaultStyleKey.
FrameworkElement FrameworkContentElement
. (
.)
WPF
,
. DefaultStyleKey, ProgressPie
ProgressBar, typeof(ProgressBar).
- ProgressPie typeof(ProgressPie) DefaultStyleKey.
Visual Studio,
ProgressPie, ThemeInfoAtt
ribute , .
XAML-
:
<ResourceDictionary
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ThemedProgressPie">
<Style TargetType="{x:Type local:ProgressPie}">
...
</Style>
.14.16 ProgressPie .
, ,
,
529
. , .14.16, .14.15,
ProgressPie Windows 7 , Win
dows Classic .
, ,
.
Windows 7 (Aero)
Windows Classic
.14.16.
,

Windows
Windows 7 Windows Vista
. Windows
Aero Windows Basic, WPF Aero.NormalColor.
( ,
.) Windows
Standard, Windows Classic - , WPF
Classic. ,
,
SystemColors .
, , ,
WPF.
, ( ) ,
(
), , (,
Button Style null, , ,
).
,
,
. ,
, ,
.
, -
530
14. , ,
(. 20), ,
.

WPF, WPFThemes.zip http://wpf.code
plex.com. , ,

WPF.
, Resources
Application, Window -:
<Application ...>
<ResourceDictionary Source="BureauBlack.xaml"/>
</Application>
, ,
, WPF4, Data
Grid, Calendar DatePicker. .14.17 ,
.
.14.17. WPF Themes
V
V.
15
16
17
18 ,
Drawing
Visual
Shape
15
15.

, , .
- ,
;
Button ProgressBar.
- ,
. ,
. , ,
, , WPF,
, .

WPF; GDI
. WPF GDI
Windows , WPF
, ,
.
(GDI, GDI+, DirectX ..)
,
. ,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
, : 1010
(0,0), .
, :
1010 (0,0) , .
534
15.
,
.
WPF , ,
, ,
.
WPF,
.
: Drawing, Visual Shape.
. Drawing
Brush
. Visual
Drawing , Visual
,
Drawing. , Shape
Visual, (
) . , Silver
light Shape. Drawing, Visual Shape
,
.
Brush,

.
;
, Foreground Background
. WPF
, . ,
, ,
,
.
Drawing
Drawing . ,
GeometryDrawing, WPF (clip art).
, ,
, Animatable, ,
, !
WPF Drawing:
GeometryDrawing Geometry Brush,
, Pen, .
.
ImageDrawing ImageSource Rect,
.
VideoDrawing MediaPlayer (. 18 ,
) Rect.
535
Drawing
GlyphRunDrawing GlyphRun,
, Brush, .
DrawingGroup Drawing
(Opacity, Transform ).
DrawingGroup Drawing,
, Drawing. ( ,
TransformGroup Transform.)
GeometryDrawing,
Geometry, (EllipseGeometry), Brush
Pen:
<GeometryDrawing Brush="Orange" >
<GeometryDrawing.Pen>
<Pen Brush="Black" Thickness="10"/>
</GeometryDrawing.Pen>
<GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
<EllipseGeometry RadiusX="100" RadiusY="50"/>
</GeometryDrawing.Geometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
Brush
Pen
Geometry
Drawing UIElement;
. GeometryDrawing
Window ContentControl,
TextBlock, "System.Windows.Media.Geometry
Drawing" ( , ToString).
Drawing ,
-:
DrawingImage ImageSource,
Image BitmapImage.
DrawingBrush Brush,
, Foreground, Background Border
Brush , Control.
DrawingVisual Visual,
Visual.
, DrawingImage
, :
<Image>
<Image.Source>
<DrawingImage>
<DrawingImage.Drawing>
<GeometryDrawing Brush="Orange">
536
15.
</GeometryDrawing>
</DrawingImage.Drawing>
</DrawingImage>
</Image.Source>
</Image>
.15.1 Image
, GeometryDrawing.
.15.1. EllipseGeometry, GeometryDrawing,

DrawingImage, Image

DrawingImage ImageDrawing
, DrawingImage
ImageDrawing. ,
.
DrawingImage ImageSource
Drawing, . , Image
Drawing Drawing, Ima
geSource, .
:
WPF ( ) FooBar
, Bar,
Foo. , DrawingImage ImageSource,
Drawing, ImageDrawing Drawing, ImageSource.
, DrawingImage ImageSource,

. Window.Icon ImageSource,
TaskbarItemInfo.Overlay ThumbButtonInfo.ImageSource (. 8
Windows7). .15.2 , ,
DrawingImage GeometryDrawing
:
<Window ...>
<Window.Icon>
<DrawingImage>
Drawing
537
</GeometryDrawing>
</DrawingImage>
</Window.Icon>
...
</Window>
.15.2. EllipseGeometry
Window, -
, ,
, . Brush
, , Drawing
. .
GeometryDrawing:
Geometry Pen.
Geometry
Geometry .
,
, : ?
?. Geometry ,
.

:
RectangleGeometry Rect,
, RadiusX RadiusY .
EllipseGeometry RadiusX RadiusY, Center.
538
15.

Geometry
Geometry Drawing,
WPF. , System.Windows.Ink.
Stroke Geometry (
GetGeometry), DrawingGroup Visual
Clip,
Geometry.
LineGeometry StartPoint EndPoint,
.
PathGeometry PathFigure
Figures; .
Path
Geometry, . ,
PathGeometry.
PathGeometry.
PathFigure PathSegment. PathFigure Path
Geometry PathSegment
Segments. PathSegment

:
LineSegment .
PolyLineSegment
LineSegment ( ).
ArcSegment .
BezierSegment .
PolyBezierSegment
BezierSegment.
QuadraticBezierSegment .
PolyQuadraticBezierSegment
QuadraticBezierSegment.

( )
.
.
Drawing
539
,
,
. (
), , .
,
, .
, QuadraticBezierSegment
, BezierSegment, .
U- (
), S- .
GeometryDrawing, PathGeometry,
LineSegment, L (.15.3):
<GeometryDrawing>
<PathGeometry>
<PathFigure>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
.15.3. GeometryDrawing,
LineSegments
, , .15.3,
GeometryDrawing - Drawing
Image, .
, LineSegment
Point. ,
.
(0,0) (0,100), (0,100) (100,100).
( PathSegment .)
, Start
Point PathFigure Point, (0,0).
540
15.
, ,
. . 15.4 ,
, ,
. 15.4
XAML- Brush:
...
</GeometryDrawing>
.15.4. GeometryDrawing
.15.3,
.15.5. GeometryDrawing
.15.4, IsClosed="True"
,
PathFigure LineSegment
IsClosed PathFigure true.
.15.5.
PathSegment PathFigure
,
Geometry PathGeometry
PathFigure. PathFigure
, PathFigure.
, XAML- , .15.5,
StartPoint,
:
<PathGeometry>

<PathFigure IsClosed="True">
</PathFigure>

</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
541
Drawing
GeometryDrawing PathFigure
.15.6. ,
LineSegment true IsSmoothJoin (
PathSegment). . 15.6 ,
.

XAML
IsSmoothJoin="True"
LineSegments
.15.6. ,
PathFigures
, , .
PathGeometry
FillRule.
FillRule.
,
PathFigure PathSegment
PathFigure,
( ) .
FillRule PathGeometry (
FillRule), :
EvenOdd ,
, ,
. .
NonZero ,
, ,
.
.
EvenOdd NonZero .15.7
, .15.6.
EvenOdd
NonZero
.15.7.
PathGeometry.FillRule
542
15.

WPF
GeometryGroup CombinedGeometry ,
. , ,
TransformGroup Transform, DrawingGroup Drawing,
Geometry,
, Geometry.

StreamGeometry
,
, StreamGeometry, Path
Geometry . StreamGeometry
, PathGeometry, .
:
( ), PathFigure Path
Segment , .NET.
StreamGeometry
, .15.6:
StreamGeometry g = new StreamGeometry();
using (StreamGeometryContext context = g.Open())
{
// 1
context.BeginFigure(new Point(0, 0), true /*isFilled*/, true /*isClosed*/);
context.LineTo(new Point(0, 100), true /*isStroked*/, true /*isSmoothJoin*/);
// 2
context.BeginFigure(new Point(70, 0), true /*isFilled*/, true /*isClosed*/);
}
// Geometry
// GeometryDrawing:
geometryDrawing.Geometry = g;
LineSegment, ArcSegment, BezierSegment

, , LineTo, ArcTo BezierTo.
WPF
StreamGeometry.
GeometryGroup. GeometryGroup
Geometry. , XAML-
.15.6
(
PathFigure) :
Drawing
543
<GeometryGroup>

<PathGeometry>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>

<PathGeometry>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryGroup>
</GeometryDrawing>
GeometryGroup, PathGeometry, FillRule,

EvenOdd. FillRule
.
, : GeometryGroup,
PathGeometry,
PathFigure? , GeometryGroup
, RectangleGeo
metry EllipseGeometry, .
, GeometryGroup ,
Geometry, .
, GeometryGroup
, 25:
<GeometryGroup>

<PathGeometry>
<LineSegment Point="0,100" IsSmoothJoin="True"/>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
544
15.

<PathGeometry>
<PathGeometry.Transform>
</PathGeometry.Transform>
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryGroup>
</GeometryDrawing>
.15.8.
PathGeometry PathFigure .
PathGeometry PathFigure,
.
GeometryGroup .
.15.8. GeometryGroup
,
Brush Pen Drawing, Geometry,

GeometryGroup
. , DrawingGroup,
(
).
UIElement, ,
Geometry, PathFigure
.
, .
,
.
Drawing
545
GeometryGroup, .15.8,
PathFigure .
PathFigure figure GeometryGroup
:
<GeometryGroup>

<PathGeometry>
<StaticResource ResourceKey="figure"/>
</PathGeometry>

<PathGeometry>
<PathGeometry.Transform>
</PathGeometry.Transform>
<StaticResource ResourceKey="figure"/>
</PathGeometry>
CombinedGeometry. CombinedGeometry, GeometryGroup,

. ( )
,
GeometryCombineMode:
Union
. .
Intersect
.
Xor ,
, .
Exclude ,
, .
CombinedGeometry Geometry1 Geometry2,
, GeometryCombineMode,
. . 15.9
.15.8.
<CombinedGeometry GeometryCombineMode="XXX">
<CombinedGeometry.Geometry1>

<PathGeometry>
...
</PathGeometry>
</CombinedGeometry.Geometry1>
546
15.
<CombinedGeometry.Geometry2>

<PathGeometry>
...
</PathGeometry>
</CombinedGeometry.Geometry2>
</CombinedGeometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
Union
Intersect
Xor
Exclude
.15.9. CombinedGeometry
GeometryCombineMode;

Geometry
, ,
.
XAML- ,
- , ,
.
WPF GeometryConverter,
,
PathGeometry . Geometry
Parse,
Geometry. ( , ,
, Geometry.Parse,
StreamGeometry,
.)
, PathGeometry,
.15.6:
<GeometryDrawing>
<PathGeometry>
547
Drawing
</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</GeometryDrawing>
:
<GeometryDrawing Geometry="M 0,0 L 0,100 L 100,100 Z">
</GeometryDrawing>
.15.6
:
<GeometryDrawing Geometry="M 0,0 L 0,100 L 100,100 Z M 70,0 L 0,100 L 100,100 Z">
</GeometryDrawing>
, Path
Geometry PathFigure, .
, . .15.1
.
15.1.
PathGeometry PathFigure
F n
FillRule, 0 EvenOdd, 1 NonZero.

, .
M x,y
PathFigure StartPoint (x,y).

( F).
M move (.)
PathFigure IsClosed true.

M,
PathFigure , -
, PathFigure .
PathFigure, Z .
PathSegment
L x,y
LineSegment, (x,y).
A rx,ry d f1 f2
x,y
ArcSegment, (x,y)
rx ry,
d . f1 f2 0 (false) 1
(true) ArcSegment: IsLargeArc (
) Clockwise ( ).
548
15.
15.1 ()
C x1,y1 x2,y2 x,y
BezierSegment, (x,y),
(x1,y1)
(x2,y2). C cubic ( ).
Q x1,y1 x,y
QuadraticBezierSegment,
(x,y),
(x1,y1).

H x
LineSegment, (x,y), y
. H horizontal
( ).
V y
LineSegment, (x,y), x
. V vertical
( ).
S x2,y2 x,y
BezierSegment,
(x,y),
(x1,y1) (x2,y2). x1 y1 ,
. (
, ,
BezierS egment.)
S smooth ( ).
,
,
. F, M Z ,
.

,
,
. , M 0,0 L 0,100 L 100,100 Z
M0 0L0 100L100 100Z, .
Pen
GeometryDrawing
, ( Pen)
. , , ,
Thickness. , Pen,
, : Brush ( Brush) Thickness ( double).
Drawing
549
Pen
:
StartLineCap EndLineCap
, PenLineCap: Flat (
, ), Square, Round Triangle.
LineJoin.
LineJoin .
PenLineJoin: Miter ( ),
Round Bevel. MiterLimit ,
Miter; ,
.
10.
DashStyle , (
). DashStyle.
DashCap
Pen; StartLineCap EndLineCap,
Square, Flat.
FAQ
Flat Square
PenLineCap?
Flat , Square
. ,
, . ,
.
. 15.10 PenLineCap,
LineSegment. .15.11
LineJoin . Round
LineJoin , true IsSmoothJoin
PathSegment.
, LineJoin
.
Flat
Square
Round
Triangle
.15.10. PenLineCap,

550
15.
Miter
Round
Bevel
.15.11. LineJoin
DashStyle Dashes. DoubleCol

lection, ,
.
( ),
. .
DashStyle Offset double, ,
.
DashStyle ,
DashCap Square,
. ,
0, .
DashStyles, DashStyle
.
, DashDotDot:
<Pen Brush="Black" Thickness="10" DashStyle="{x:Static DashStyles.DashDotDot}"/>
.15.12 DashStyles
Dashes.
Solid
Dash (2,2)
Dot (0,2)
DashDot (2,2,0,2)
DashDotDot
(2,2,0,2,0,2)
.15.12. ,

DashCap Miter: Square LineJoin

, GeometryDrawing,
. 15.1 DrawingGroup,
Drawing
551
Image, GeometryDrawing,
(.15.13).
15.1. Drawing,
Image
<Image>
<Image.Source>
<DrawingImage>
<DrawingGroup>

<GeometryDrawing Brush="Blue" Geometry="M 240,250
C 200,375 200,250 175,200
C 100,400 100,250 100,200
C 0,350 0,250 30,130
C 75,0 100,0 150,0
C 200,0 250,0 250,150 Z"/>

<GeometryDrawing Brush="Black">
<Pen Brush="White" Thickness="10"/>
<GeometryGroup>

<EllipseGeometry RadiusX="15" RadiusY="15" Center="95,95"/>

<EllipseGeometry RadiusX="15" RadiusY="15" Center="170,105"/>
</GeometryGroup>
</GeometryDrawing>

<GeometryDrawing>
<Pen Brush="Black" StartLineCap="Round"
EndLineCap="Round" Thickness="10"/>
<LineGeometry StartPoint="75,160" EndPoint="175,150"/>
</GeometryDrawing>
</DrawingGroup>
</DrawingImage>
</Image.Source>
</Image>
552
15.
.15.13. , DrawingGroup,
GeometryDrawing
Visual
Visual, UIElement (
FrameworkElement),
.
Drawing Image. Image
Visual, ,
FrameworkElement UIElement, ,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
..
,
, -
Bing Maps.
WPF,
Drawing.
Image,
.
Image, ,
, .
, Visual ,
Drawing : DrawingVisual.

, Opacity Clip ( , ,
DrawingGroup).

( Visual).
DrawingVisual
, WPF,
. , DrawingVisual ,

Visual.
Visual
553
DrawingVisual
DrawingVisual Drawing,
Drawing (, - ,
).
RenderOpen, DrawingContext.
, Close.
, Drawing
15.1 DrawingVisual ,
ghostDrawing:
DrawingGroup ghostDrawing = FindResource("ghostDrawing") as DrawingGroup;
DrawingVisual ghostVisual = new DrawingVisual();
using (DrawingContext dc = ghostVisual.RenderOpen())
{
dc.DrawDrawing(ghostDrawing);
}
, DrawingContext
IDisposable Close Dispose (
finally using).
15.1 GeometryDrawing, ,
DrawingGroup ,
Drawing,
DrawingImage. DrawingVisual Geometry
Drawing . Geomet
ryDrawing DrawingContext , ,
:
GeometryDrawing bodyDrawing = FindResource("bodyDrawing") as GeometryDrawing;
GeometryDrawing eyesDrawing = FindResource("eyesDrawing") as GeometryDrawing;
GeometryDrawing mouthDrawing = FindResource("mouthDrawing") as GeometryDrawing;
{
dc.DrawDrawing(bodyDrawing);
dc.DrawDrawing(eyesDrawing);
dc.DrawDrawing(mouthDrawing);
}
,
Z-.
DrawingGroup,
Drawing! Drawing
, DrawingContext.
DrawingContext
, . ( ,
,
Drawing: GeometryDrawing, ImageDrawing, VideoDrawing
554
15.
GlyphRunDrawing.)
. DrawingContext .15.2.
15.2. DrawingContext
GeometryDrawing DrawRectangle, DrawRoundedRec

Geometry Drawing
tangle, DrawEllipse, DrawLine
Drawing DrawGeometry, DrawImage, DrawVi
Drawing
deo, DrawGlyphRun, DrawText
Drawing DrawDrawing
Drawing

PushClip, PushEffect,
PushGuidelineSet, PushOpacity,
PushOpacityMask, PushTransform,
Pop
Close
PushXXX Pop ,
, ,
. WPF4 PushEffect
, , .
15.2
15.1 . Window
DrawingVisual, Drawing.
, Window, ,
, Drawing
Visual! .
15.2. WindowHostingVisual.cs
15.1 DrawingContext
using System;
using System.Windows.Media;
public class WindowHostingVisual : Window
{
public WindowHostingVisual()
{
Title = "Hosting DrawingVisuals";
Width = 300;
Height = 350;
{
Visual
555
//
dc.DrawGeometry(Brushes.Blue, null, Geometry.Parse(
@"M 240,250
C 200,375 200,250 175,200
C 100,400 100,250 100,200
C 0,350 0,250 30,130
C 75,0 100,0 150,0
C 200,0 250,0 250,150 Z"));
//
dc.DrawEllipse(Brushes.Black, new Pen(Brushes.White, 10),
new Point(95, 95), 15, 15);
//
new Point(170, 105), 15, 15);
//
Pen p = new Pen(Brushes.Black, 10);
p.StartLineCap = PenLineCap.Round;
p.EndLineCap = PenLineCap.Round;
dc.DrawLine(p, new Point(75, 160), new Point(175, 150));
}
}
}
DrawGeometry
.
Geometry.Parse
, 15.1,
PathFigure, BezierSegment.
Geometry;
DrawEllipse DrawLine. , ,
, Pen
, .
XAML- 15.1, 15.2
.
.
,
DrawGeometry DrawingContext ,
, , , DrawText
. ,
, DrawImage
,
Image . (
DrawImage ImageSource, Image.)
, DrawingContext WPF
Win32 Graphics Windows Forms. ,
DrawingContext ,
.
; WPF , .
556
15.
DrawingContext
,
Drawing, , ..
.
Visual
Visual, UIEle
ment, ;
Content , Window,
,
,
, OnRender. Visual,
UIElement, DrawingVisual
,
, ToString.
Visual ,
- UIElement.
: , ! - ,
DrawingVisual ,
, UIElement! - ,
UIElement - , .
Visual
Canvas Window,
UIElement.
Visual ,
- UIElement
: VisualChildrenCount GetVisualChild.
15.3 Window,
15.2. , ,
DrawingVisual, . 15.14. ,
, DrawingImage Image.
15.3. WindowHostingVisual.cs ,

using System;
using System.Windows.Media;
{
DrawingVisual ghostVisual = null;
Visual
{
Width = 300;
Height = 350;
ghostVisual = new DrawingVisual();
{
, 15.2...
}
// :
AddVisualChild(ghostVisual);
AddLogicalChild(ghostVisual);
}
// ,
// Visual:
protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
get { return 1; }
}
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index != 0)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
return ghostVisual;
}
}
.15.14. DrawingVisual, ,
,
VisualChildrenCount GetVisualChild
557
558
15.
VisualChildrenCount Visual,
Window.
DrawingVisual, 1. GetVisualChild
Visual ( 0).
DrawingVisual, 0,
.
Visual,
, .
, MeasureOverride
ArrangeOverride; 21
.
, VisualChildrenCount/GetVisualChild,
15.3, Content
Window, . ,
Visual - ,
UIElement, , .
, ,
Visual , Canvas,
Grid ( ) Window,
.
15.3
: DrawingVisual ,
Window: AddVisualChild (
Visual) AddLogicalChild ( FrameworkElement).
DrawingVisual, , ,
,
. ,
, ,
, .
Visual ,
RemoveVisualChild RemoveLogicalChild.

Visual
Visual, UIElement,
UIElement, , .
Visual ,
- UIElement. , Visual
PrintVisual PrintDialog
Win32 ( 19
). DrawingVisual RenderTargetBitmap,
.
Visual
559

Visual.AddVisualChild!
AddVisualChild ,
Visual. .
VisualChildrenCount GetVisualChild.

Drawing
Visual, ,
,
UIElement. UIElement,
DrawingVisual. UIElement
, DrawingVisual: OnRender,
, DrawingContext,
- ,
Content ContentControl. , , ,
Drawing Image ,

UIElement .
Visual
(hit testing) ,
( ) .
, ,
, , .
WPF : Visual,
, Visual,
, UIElement.
Visual,
Shape.
Visual
, ,
, ,
UIElement (MouseLeftButtonDown, MouseEnter, MouseLeave, MouseMove
). - UIElement
Visual, ,
- Visual,
.
560
15.

Visual
VisualTreeHelper.HitTest.
Visual, ,
(
). HitTestResult,
Visual , .
, 15.3
( DrawingVisual),
1 ( ):
{
base.OnMouseLeftButtonDown(e);
//
Point location = e.GetPosition(this);
//
HitTestResult result = VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(this, location);
// ghostVisual,
if (result.VisualHit == ghostVisual)
{
if (ghostVisual.Transform == null)
ghostVisual.Transform = new RotateTransform();
(ghostVisual.Transform as RotateTransform).Angle++;
}
}
Image Visual,
,
DrawingImage, Image ( 15.1). (
MouseLeftButtonDown Image.)
Image
DrawingVisual. ,
DrawingVisual,
- . Image
, -
, .
Visual

, , , ,
: , .
DrawingVisual . 15.4
Visual
561
1 , . .15.15
,
.
15.4. WindowHostingVisual.cs
DrawingVisual
using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
System.Collections.Generic;

{
List<Visual> visuals = new List<Visual>();
{
Width = 300;
Height = 350;
DrawingVisual bodyVisual = new DrawingVisual();
DrawingVisual eyesVisual = new DrawingVisual();
DrawingVisual mouthVisual = new DrawingVisual();
using (DrawingContext dc = bodyVisual.RenderOpen())
{
//
dc.DrawGeometry(Brushes.Blue, null, Geometry.Parse(
@"M 240,250
C 200,375 200,250 175,200
C 100,400 100,250 100,200
C 0,350 0,250 30,130
C 75,0 100,0 150,0
C 200,0 250,0 250,150 Z"));
}
using (DrawingContext dc = eyesVisual.RenderOpen())
{
//
new Point(95, 95), 15, 15);
//
new Point(170, 105), 15, 15);
}
562
15.
using (DrawingContext dc = mouthVisual.RenderOpen())
{
//
Pen p = new Pen(Brushes.Black, 10);
p.StartLineCap = PenLineCap.Round;
p.EndLineCap = PenLineCap.Round;
dc.DrawLine(p, new Point(75, 160), new Point(175, 150));
}
visuals.Add(bodyVisual);
visuals.Add(eyesVisual);
visuals.Add(mouthVisual);
// :
foreach (Visual v in visuals)
{
AddVisualChild(v);
AddLogicalChild(v);
}
}
// ,
// Visual:
protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
get { return visuals.Count; }
}
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index < 0 || index >= visuals.Count)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
return visuals[index];
}
{
//
// Visual
HitTestResult result = VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(this, location);
// - DrawingVisual,
if (result.VisualHit.GetType() == typeof(DrawingVisual))
{
DrawingVisual dv = result.VisualHit as DrawingVisual;
if (dv.Transform == null)
dv.Transform = new RotateTransform();
Visual
563
(dv.Transform as RotateTransform).Angle++;
}
}
}
.15.15. ,
DrawingVisual,
Visual, ,
List<Visual> Visual
ChildrenCount GetVisualChild. DrawingVisual
, : Draw
ingContext using, DrawingVisual.
HitTestResult
DrawingVisual, .

DrawingVisual DrawingVisual
DrawingVisual ContainerVisual,
- Children
Visual. ( ContainerVisual VisualGroup
WPF, TransformGroup, DrawingGroup GeometryGroup.)
15.4
eyesVisual mouthVisual bodyVisual,
visuals. ,
, - Visual, !

DrawingVisual, ContainerVisual VisualChildrenCount
GetVisualChild , 15.4.
Window DrawingVisual DrawingVisual
!
564
15.

Visual
Visual
Visual, ,
. , Visual,
,
, .
Visual ,
.
,
HitTest, HitTestResultCallback.
HitTest ,
Visual,
.
OnMouseLeftButtonDown
15.4
Visual:
{
//
// Visual
VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(this, null,
new HitTestResultCallback(HitTestCallback),
new PointHitTestParameters(location));
}
public HitTestResultBehavior HitTestCallback(HitTestResult result)
{
// - DrawingVisual,
if (result.VisualHit.GetType() == typeof(DrawingVisual))
{
DrawingVisual dv = result.VisualHit as DrawingVisual;
if (dv.Transform == null)
dv.Transform = new RotateTransform();
(dv.Transform as RotateTransform).Angle++;
}
//
return HitTestResultBehavior.Continue;
}
.
, HitTestResult
, HitTest
Visual
565
.
HitTestResultBehavior: Continue Stop. ,
Visual.
Stop,
Visual, ,
, .
HitTest, null,
HitTestFilterCallback,
, .
.
, HitTest Point
, PointHitTestParameters. ,
HitTestParameters,
WPF : PointHitTestParameters GeometryHitTestPara
meters.
.
,
.
FAQ

,
HitTestResult?
.
WPF ,
, Visual
. ,
,
, HitTestResultBehavior.Stop.
, Visual,
,
, ,
HitTestCore Visual,
. (
.)
Visual
,
. Visual
: ,
.
566
15.
!

,
.
,
,
HitTest. ,
HitTest ,
.
Shape
Shape, GeometryDrawing, ,
Geometry Pen Brush. , Geometry
Drawing, Shape FrameworkElement

. ,
2 XAML ,
Button , Rectangle (
Shape):
<Button MinWidth="75">
</Button>
WPF ,
System.Windows.Shapes.Shape:
Rectangle
Ellipse
Line
Polyline
Polygon
Path
,
Geometry.
, ,
Geometry. ( , Polyline Polygon
Shape , PathGeometry.)
Shape
. Fill
Stroke, Brush.
Shape
567
FAQ
Shape.Stroke Brush, Pen?
Fill Stroke Shape , Brush Pen
GeometryDrawing: Fill
, Stroke .
Shape Pen.
, Shape Stroke
Brush
, Stroke: StrokeStartLineCap, StrokeEndLineCap,
StrokeThickness ..
,
Shape ,
Pen, ,
Brush Thickness.
Shape
!
Shape ,
. ,
Drawing, ,
WPF . ,
XAML
Shape ,
. ,
Microsoft Expression Design XAML Export,
XAML- Shape
Canvas, Document Format
Resource Dictionary. DrawingImage
DrawingBrush. DrawingImage ,
, ,
.
Shape,
, , , ,
, .. , ,
, ,
Visual ,
. ,
Shape.
568
15.
Rectangle
RectangleGeometry Rect,
. Rectangle

WPF. Width Height,
( ) FrameworkElement, , ,
Canvas.Left Canvas.Top.
, RectangleGeometry, Rectangle
RadiusX RadiusY double,
. .15.16
StackPanel RadiusX RadiusY:
<StackPanel>
<Rectangle Width="200" Height="100"
Fill="Orange" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10" Margin="4"/>
<Rectangle Width="200" Height="100" RadiusX="10" RadiusY="30"
</StackPanel>
RadiusX Width , Ra
diusY Height.
.
RadiusX=10, RadiusY=30
RadiusX=30, RadiusY=10
.15.16.
RadiusX RadiusY
Shape
569
Shape , Stroke
Fill!
, GeometryDrawing,
, , Shape
, Button ListBox, .
Shape Geometry,
Stroke Fill null.
Ellipse
Rectangle ,
( ), , , , Ellipse
. ! Ellipse
.
,
Shape . EllipseGeometry,
RadiusX, RadiusY Center, Ellipse
.
Ellipse
Rectangle XAML, .15.16
:
<Ellipse Width="200" Height="100"
RadiusX RadiusY.

Shape
Shape OnRender UIElement
DrawingContext.
, Ellipse OnRender
:
protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
{
Pen pen = ...; // StrokeXXX
Rect rect = ...; //
drawingContext.DrawGeometry(this.Fill, pen, new EllipseGeometry(rect));
}
Rectangle OnRender :
570
15.
protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)

{
Pen pen = ...; // StrokeXXX
Rect rect = ...; //
drawingContext.DrawRoundedRectangle(this.Fill, pen, rect,
this.RadiusX, this.RadiusY);
}
Shape ,
. 21.
Line
Line double,
, (x1,y1) (x2,y2). X1, Y1,
X2, Y2. ,
Point ( LineGeometry),
.
, Line, ,
, Line
. , StackPanel ,
.15.17:
<StackPanel>
<Line X1="0" Y1="0" X2="100" Y2="100" Stroke="Black"
StrokeThickness="10" Margin="4"/>
</StackPanel>
(0,0) (100,100)
(0,0) (100,0)
(0,100) (100,0)
.15.17. StackPanel ,

,
, 10
( Stroke) Margin. Line
Shape
571
Shape Fill, ,
.
Polyline
Polyline () ,
Points ( Point). .15.18
Polyline:
<StackPanel>
<Polyline Points="0,0 100,100" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10" Margin="4"/>
<Polyline Points="0,0 100,100 200,0" Stroke="Black"
<Polyline Points="0,0 100,100 200,0 300,100"
Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10" Margin="4"/>
<Polyline Points="0,0 100,100 200,0 300,100 100,100"
Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10" Margin="4"/>
</StackPanel>
Point
x y.
.
.
.15.18.
2 5
.15.19. , .15.18,
Fill
.15.19 , Fill Polyline

, PathGeometry,
, ,
. , Polyline
PathGeometry! 15.19
Fill="Orange" Polyline .15.18.
572
15.
Polygon
Rectangle Ellipse, Polyline
Polygon. Polyline Polygon
, Polygon ,
. ( ,
true IsClosed PathFigure,
PathGeometry.)
Polyline, .15.19,
Polygon, , .15.20.
,
, .15.19. -
Miter ,
( ). 0,
, Stroke
MiterLimit 10 .
.15.20. Polygon Polyline,

, Polygon Polyline, FillRule

PathGeometry FillRule.
Path
, , , Shape
Path ,
PathGeometry. Path
Shape Data,
Shape
573
. , Path (
)

. Drawing
DrawingContext;
Data, Fill , Stroke.
Path ,
.15.6:
<Path Fill="Orange" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10">
<Path.Data>
<PathGeometry>

</PathFigure>

</PathFigure>
</PathGeometry>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
, Geometry,
:
<Path Fill="Orange" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10"
Data="M 0,0 L 0,100 L 100,100 Z M 70,0 L 0,100 L 100,100 Z"/>
, Shape
, 15.1
DrawingImage, 15.2 15.4
DrawingContext. 15.5
, Shape,
Canvas.
DrawingImage, Image, .15.13.
15.5. ,
<Canvas xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Path Fill="Blue" Data="M 240,250
C 200,375 200,250 175,200
C 100,400 100,250 100,200
C 0,350 0,250 30,130
C 75,0 100,0 150,0
C 200,0 250,0 250,150 Z"/>
<Ellipse Fill="Black" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="10"
574
15.
Width="40" Height="40" Canvas.Left="75" Canvas.Top="75"/>

<Ellipse Fill="Black" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="10"
Width="40" Height="40" Canvas.Left="150" Canvas.Top="85"/>
<Line X1="75" Y1="160" X2="175" Y2="150" StrokeStartLineCap="Round"
StrokeEndLineCap="Round" Stroke="Black" StrokeThickness="10"/>
</Canvas>
Path () Line () ,
DrawingImage.
EllipseGeometry Ellipse .
15 10.
,
20 . 15.5
Ellipse Height Width, 40 (,
2). Shape
. ,
Canvas.Left Canvas.Top, EllipseGeometry Center
20.
,
(
!),
UIElement.
Visual: ,
,
. ,
, ,
IsEnabled IsVisible ( UIElement) true. (
, ,
,
, .)

-,
Visual. InputHitTest Visual
TreeHelper.HitTest,
! ,
UIElement,
, .
, InputHitTest
UIElement, .
Point, IInputElement (
, UIElement ContentElement).
575
,
UIElement ,
(, ): GotKeyboardFocus,
KeyDown, KeyUp, GotMouseCapture, MouseEnter, MouseLeave, MouseMove, MouseWheel, Got
StylusCapture, StylusEnter, StylusLeave, StylusInAirMove ..
,
Shape Visual.
WPF XAML, ,
WPF
. , ,
(Brush).
, WPF ,
. ,
, (BitmapCacheBrush).

Drawing Window, ,
,
, .

WPF SolidColorBrush, LinearGra
dientBrush RadialGradientBrush. , , ,
,
. ,
.
SolidColorBrush
SolidColorBrush,
, . Color
System.Windows.Media.Color. ,
Blue #FFFFFF SolidColorBrush,
XAML- Color.
Color ,
. :
sRGB RGB, -
-.
, ,
256 .
scRGB RGB, ,
.
.
576
15.
0.0, ;
1.0, . scRGB
, ,
-
. scRGB
, .
Color ( )
: A, R, G, B Byte
sRGB, ScA, ScR, ScG, ScB Single
scRGB. (A ScA -
.)
Color. ,
Color
. ,
sRGB scRGB
.
,
-, Opacity,
.
Color , ,
. ,
scRGB (
),
AreClose, true,
.
Color
:
, Red, Khaki DodgerBlue (
Colors).
sRGB- #argb, a, r, g b
A, R, G, B. ,
#FFFF0000 #FF0000 (
, A 255).
scRGB- sc#a, r g b, a, r, g b
ScA, ScR, ScG, ScB.
sc#1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 sc#1.0 0.0 0.0.
,
.
577

,
ICC-. (ICC (International Color Consortium)
,
.) Color ,
Color.FromValues,
Single Uri, . XAML
Color,
ContextColor Uri .
, SolidColorBrush
, sRGB-,
system32\spool\drivers\color , Windows:
<Button>
<Button.Background>
<SolidColorBrush Color="ContextColor
file://C:/Windows/system32/spool/drivers/color/sRGB%20Color%20Space%20Profile.icm
1.0,1.0,0.0,0.0"/>
</Button>
,
.
. - ,
BitmapSource BitmapCreateOptions.IgnoreColorProfile,
.
LinearGradientBrush
LinearGradientBrush,
, .

.
LinearGradientBrush GradientStops,
GradientStop.
Color Offset. Offset double;

, 0 , 1 . ,
LinearGradientBrush
, , .15.21:
578
15.
.15.21. -
(. )

.
StartPoint EndPoint LinearGradientBrush.

Offset GradientStop. ,
StartPoint EndPoint (0,0) (1,1) .
,
, MappingMode Absolute (
RelativeToBoundingBox). ,
StartPoint EndPoint;
Offset GradientStop .
. 15.22 , StartPoint
EndPoint LinearGradientBrush,
.15.21 ( MappingMode).
, 0 1.
, ,
. (
GradientStop Offset.)
sRGB,
scRGB, ColorInterpolation
Mode ScRgbLinearInterpolation.
(.15.23).
LinearGradientBrush SpreadMe
thod; , ,
. , LinearGradientBrush
, .
Pad ( Gradi
entSpreadMethod); , ,
. Repeat Reflect.
, Reflect
, .
. 15.24 SpreadMethod -
579
, 10%
:
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=".45,.45" EndPoint=".55,.55" SpreadMethod="XXX">
StartPoint = (0,0),
EndPoint = (0,1)
StartPoint = (0,1),
EndPoint = (0,0)
StartPoint = (0.5,0),
EndPoint = (1,0)
StartPoint = (0,0),
EndPoint = (1,0)
StartPoint = (2,2),
EndPoint = (2,2)
.15.22. StartPoint EndPoint

(. )
SRgbLinearInterpolation
ScRgbLinearInterpolation
.15.23. ColorInterpolationMode
(. )
580
15.
Pad
Repeat
Reflect
.15.24. SpreadMethod
(. )
,
, Drawing, Shape, Control
. . 15.25 ,
GeometryDrawing, , :
<Pen Thickness="20">
<Pen.Brush>
<GradientStop Offset="0.2" Color="Orange"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.4" Color="Yellow"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.6" Color="Green"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.8" Color="Blue"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="Purple"/>
</Pen.Brush>
</Pen>
, , , ,
GradientStop,
.
.15.25. -
(. )
581
,
GradientStop Offset,
Color. 0.2 0.6
, ,
DarkBlue:
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Aqua"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.2" Color="DarkBlue"/>
<GradientStop Offset="0.6" Color="DarkBlue"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="Aqua"/>
.15.26 .
.15.26. ,
Offset (. )
RadialGradientBrush
RadialGradientBrush LinearGradientBrush,
,
. Gra
dientBrush, GradientStops, SpreadMethod, ColorIn
terpolationMode MappingMode, LinearGra
dientBrush.
.15.27
- :
<RadialGradientBrush>
</RadialGradientBrush>
582
15.
.15.27. -
(. )
,
, .
, SpreadMethod, Repeat
(.15.28).
.15.28. SpreadMethod Repeat,

(. )
Radi
alGradientBrush Center, RadiusX RadiusY.
(0.5,0.5), 0.5 0.5 ,
.

( .15.28),
, SpreadMethod, .
RadialGradientBrush GradientOrigin,

. ,
. (0.5,0.5),
, .15.29 , ,
(0,0):
<RadialGradientBrush GradientOrigin="0,0" SpreadMethod="Repeat">
583

.15.29.
GradientOrigin (. )
MappingMode, Absolute,
- (Center, RadiusX, RadiusY, GradientOri
gin) ,
.
Color -,
, -
GradientStop. , -
-:
<RadialGradientBrush RadiusX="0.7" RadiusY="0.7">
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="#990000FF"/>
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#000000FF"/>
.15.30 (
!) , ,
.
.15.30. ,
- (. )
584
15.
, !
, GradientStop .15.30
, Transparent. , Tran
sparent - (#00FFFFFF).
, -.
GradientStop Transparent,
0x99 0,
0 0xFF. .

WPF ,
TileBrush.
.
Drawing, Image Visual.
,
.
DrawingBrush.
: ImageBrush VisualBrush.
DrawingBrush
Drawing DrawingBrush
DrawingImage. XAML-
DrawingGroup 15.1
Drawing DrawingImage,
:
Title="DrawingBrush as the Background">
<Window.Background>
<DrawingBrush>
<DrawingBrush.Drawing>
<DrawingGroup>
GeometryDrawing 15.1...
</DrawingGroup>
</DrawingBrush.Drawing>
</DrawingBrush>
</Window>
. 15.31 . DrawingImage,
DrawingBrush ,
.
585
.15.31. , DrawingBrush,

(
, ),
Stretch,
, Stretch (
5 Viewbox).
.15.32 .
None
Fill ( )
Uniform
UniformToFill
.15.32. DrawingBrush Stretch
586
15.
Stretch Fill, Drawing

.
AlignmentX Left, Center Right AlignmentY Top,
Center Bottom.
DrawingBrush ,
, TileMode. Tile
None, Drawing
.
Rect, .
Viewport DrawingBrush. .15.33
, , Viewport
( x, y, , ,
Rect). , .15.33
ScaleTransform
!
, Viewport
.
, ,
.
, ViewportUnits (
BrushMappingMode).
Viewport = 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5
Viewport = 0, 0, 0.1, 0.2
Viewport = 0, 0, 0.02, 0.02

.15.33. Viewport TileMode=Tile Stretch=Fill
587
TileMode, TileMode,
Tile None. ,
:
FlipX
.
FlipY
.
FlipXY .
.15.34 .
,
.
, , Viewbox,
( , TileMode
None) Drawing. Viewbox
,
, Viewport. ViewboxUnits
Viewbox
ViewportUnits.
FlipX
FlipY
FlipXY
.15.34. ,
TileMode
588
15.
.15.35 Viewbox
Drawing, Rect 0, 0, 0.5, 0.5.
TileMode.
Tile
FlipXY
.15.35. Viewbox ,
.
TileMode
DrawingBrush: ,
Drawing GeometryDrawing.
, , VideoDrawing!
ImageBrush
ImageBrush DrawingBrush , :
ImageSource ImageSource, Drawing Drawing.
, . (
, DrawingImage ImageDrawing,
, DrawingBrush ,
ImageBrush !)
XAML- ImageBrush
Window. Winter Leav
es.jpg, Windows Vista:
Title="ImageBrush with TileMode = FlipXY">
<Window.Background>
<ImageBrush TileMode="FlipXY" Viewport="0,0,0.1,0.2">
<ImageBrush.ImageSource>
<BitmapImage UriSource="C:\Users\Public\Pictures\Sample Pictures\Winter
Leaves.jpg"/>
</ImageBrush.ImageSource>
</ImageBrush>
</Window>
589
.15.36 .
.15.36. ImageBrush TileMode=FlipXY

VisualBrush
VisualBrush DrawingBrush , ,
Drawing Drawing Visual Visual.
Visual,
FrameworkElement, Button TextBox, Visu
alBrush .
XAML- VisualBrush,
Button. .15.37
.
Title="ImageBrush with TileMode = FlipXY">
<Window.Background>
<VisualBrush TileMode="FlipXY" Viewport="0,0,0.5,0.5">
<VisualBrush.Visual>
<Button>OK</Button>
</VisualBrush.Visual>
</VisualBrush>
</Window>
, Button VisualBrush . Visual

Brush Visual,
.
590
15.
.15.37. VisualBrush
VisualBrush,
Visual UIElement,
.
, ,
:
Title="VisualBrush with TileMode = FlipXY">
<DockPanel>
<StackPanel Margin="10" x:Name="stackPanel">
<CheckBox>CheckBox</CheckBox>
</StackPanel>
<Rectangle>
<Rectangle.Fill>
<VisualBrush TileMode="FlipXY" Viewport="0,0,0.5,0.5"
Visual="{Binding ElementName=stackPanel}"/>
</Rectangle.Fill>
</Rectangle>
</DockPanel>
</Window>
.15.38 .
Visual VisualBrush StackPanel,
. VisualBrush
Rectangle, .
, , ,
.
, Button CheckBox,
.
, ,
!
. VisualBrush,
591
(,
) . Internet Explorer ( 7)
(Quick Tabs). , Windows
, VisualBrush,
,
,
Alt+Tab Windows+Tab.
.15.38. Visual VisualBrush
VisualBrush
. TextBox
, ,
XAML:
Title="TextBox with Reflection" Width="500" Height="200" Background="DarkGreen">
<StackPanel Margin="40">
<TextBox x:Name="textBox" FontSize="30"/>
<Rectangle Height="{Binding ElementName=textBox, Path=ActualHeight}"
Width="{Binding ElementName=textBox, Path=ActualWidth}">
<Rectangle.Fill>
<VisualBrush Visual="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"/>
</Rectangle.Fill>
<Rectangle.LayoutTransform>
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="-0.75"/>
</Rectangle.LayoutTransform>
</Rectangle>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
Rectangle, VisualBrush,
ScaleTransform.
ScaleY -1, -0.75,
. .15.39.
592
15.
.15.39.
,
. ,
, .

Visual ( DrawingGroup) Opacity,
. ,
, OpacityMask,
, . OpacityMask
, -
, ,
, ,
.
-, OpacityMask,
, DrawingBrush,
ImageBrush (, PNG-
) .. Window -
OpacityMask -
, .15.40:
Title="LinearGradientBrush OpacityMask">
<Window.Background>
<GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Orange"/>
<Button Margin="40" FontSize="80">OK
<Button.OpacityMask>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.1,0.1" SpreadMethod="Reflect">
</Button.OpacityMask>
</Button>
</Window>
593
.15.40. ,
LinearGradientBrush
- ,
,
, ,
. , .
.15.41 , , Opa
cityMask DrawingBrush,
.
. , Button
Geometry, .
,
. .
.15.41. DrawingBrush
OpacityMask;

( AllowsTransparency true ),
7 ,
OpacityMask !
594
15.
, , OpacityMask,
, .15.39:
Title="TextBox with Reflection" Width="500" Height="200"
Background="DarkGreen">
<StackPanel Margin="40">
<TextBox x:Name="textBox" FontSize="30"/>
<Rectangle Height="{Binding ElementName=textBox, Path=ActualHeight}"
Width="{Binding ElementName=textBox, Path=ActualWidth}">
<Rectangle.Fill>
<VisualBrush Visual="{Binding ElementName=textBox}"/>
</Rectangle.Fill>
<Rectangle.LayoutTransform>
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="-0.75"/>
</Rectangle.LayoutTransform>
<Rectangle.OpacityMask>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Offset="1" Color="#77000000"/>
</Rectangle.OpacityMask>
</Rectangle>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
. 15.42 . ,
OpacityMask ,
.
.15.42. ,

WPF ,
Visual. System.Windows.Media.Ef
fects. DropShadowEffect BlurEffect,
595
Effect. .15.43
Button. WPF
.
(BlurEffect)
.15.43.
Visual
VisualEffect, (, UIElement)
Effect. ,
Effect Effect.
, .15.43 :
<Button Width="200">
DropShadowEffect
<Button.Effect>
<DropShadowEffect/>
</Button.Effect>
</Button>
BitmapEffect!
WPF ,
BitmapEffect. , Effect,
BitmapEffect,
BitmapEffect. ,
.
Effect BitmapEffect ,
Effect , Bitmap
Effect .
, BitmapEffect,
BlurEffect DropShadowEffect . ,
BitmapEffect BevelBitmapEffect, EmbossBitmapEffect Outer
GlowBitmapEffect .
, BitmapEffect ,
WPF. , , ,

. , ,
, , .

.
596
15.
.15.43
.
.
.15.3.
WPF
, ShaderEffect, Effect,
. (
, BitmapEffect,
C++ COM.)
ShaderEffect,
, Effect.
DirectX,
, High Level Shader
Language (HLSL).
, ShaderEffect,
WPF Pixel Shader Effects Library http://wpffx.codeplex.
com. , :
BandedSwirlEffect
BloomEffect
BrightExtractEffect
ColorKeyAlphaEffect
ColorToneEffect
ContrastAdjustEffect
DirectionalBlurEffect
EmbossedEffect
GloomEffect
GrowablePoissonDiskEffect
InvertColorEffect
LightStreakEffect
MagnifyEffect
MonochromeEffect
PinchEffect
PixelateEffect
RippleEffect
SharpenEffect
SmoothMagnifyEffect
SwirlEffect
ToneEffect
ToonEffect
ZoomBlurEffect
:
BandedSwirlTransitionEffect
BlindsTransitionEffect
BloodTransitionEffect
CircleRevealTransitionEffect
CircleStretchTransitionEffect
CircularBlurTransitionEffect
CloudReveralTransitionEffect
CloudyTransitionEffect
CrumbleTransitionEffect
DissolveTransitionEffect
DropFadeTransitionEffect
FadeTransitionEffect
LeastBrightTransitionEffect
LineRevealTransitionEffect
MostBrightTransitionEffect
PixelateInTransitionEffect
PixelateOutTransitionEffect
PixelateTransitionEffect
RadialBlurTransitionEffect
RadialWiggleTransitionEffect
RandomCircleRevealTransitionEffect
RippleTransitionEffect
RotateTransitionEffect
SaturateTransitionEffect
ShrinkTransitionEffect
SlideInTransitionEffect
SmoothSwirlTransitionEffect
SwirlTransitionEffect
WaterTransitionEffect
WaveTransitionEffect
597
15.3.
DropShadowEffect
RenderingBias ( Performance
): Performance (
) Quality ()
BlurRadius ( ): 5
double
Color: ( Black
-)
Direction: double, 315

Opacity: double 0 ( 1
) 1 ( )
ShadowDepth ( ): 5
double
BlurEffect
RenderingBias: Performance Quality
Performance
Radius: double 5
KernelType ( ): Box Gaussian Gaussian

,
.
( DrawingContext,
Visual),
.
,
,
.
.
WPF . Ren
derTargetBitmap, WPF. Bitmap
Cache BitmapCacheBrush
.
, WPF4.
RenderTargetBitmap
RenderTargetBitmap, BitmapSource (,
, ImageSource), Visual
598
15.
, Visual.
, Visual.
RenderTargetBitmap,
Visual:
private static ImageSource ProduceImageSourceForVisual(
Visual source, double dpiX, double dpiY)
{
if (source == null)
return null;
Rect bounds = VisualTreeHelper.GetDescendantBounds(source);
RenderTargetBitmap bitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap(
(int)(bounds.Width * dpiX / 96), (int)(bounds.Height * dpiY / 96),
dpiX, dpiY, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
DrawingVisual drawingVisual = new DrawingVisual();
using (DrawingContext ctx = drawingVisual.RenderOpen())
{
ctx.DrawRectangle(new VisualBrush(source), null,
new Rect(new Point(), bounds.Size));
}
bitmap.Render(drawingVisual);
return bitmap;
}
Visual VisualBrush ,
. Visual
,
.
BitmapCache
RenderTargetBitmap ,
:

WPF4
, , RenderTargetBitmap!
BitmapCache UIEle
ment
.
XAML-. ,
RenderTargetBitmap,
.
599
,
CacheMode UIElement, .
CacheMode CacheMode,
WPF BitmapCache.
, Grid :
<Grid ...>
<Grid.CacheMode>
<BitmapCache/>
</Grid.CacheMode>
...
</Grid>
( ) , Bit
mapCache .
,
, ! , WPF
,
.
BitmapCache :
RenderAtScale double, 1. ,
.
, .
, ,
, .
RenderAtScale , 1,
.
SnapsToDevicePixels ; true,
.
EnableClearType ; true,
ClearType .
true, true
SnapsToDevicePixels, .
.
.15.44 RenderAtScale
, XAML-:
<Button>
<Button.CacheMode>
<BitmapCache RenderAtScale="..."/>
</Button.CacheMode>
...
</Button>
, Button,
, Button
RenderAtScale .
600
15.
BitmapCache ,
.
20482048
.
RenderAtScale=1
RenderAtScale=0.5
RenderAtScale=0.1
RenderAtScale=0.01
.15.44. RenderAtScale

BitmapCache ,
,
WPF - ,
.
. ,
.
601
BitmapCacheBrush
BitmapCacheBrush
, .
Target BitmapCacheBrush
Visual BitmapCacheBrush ,
Visual CacheMode. , CacheMode
,
BitmapCacheBrush. ( BitmapCacheBrush CacheMode,
BitmapCache BitmapCache, .)
, BitmapCacheBrush Visual
Brush.
,
.
BitmapCacheBrush !
BitmapCacheBrush SnapsToDevicePixels,
, false. EnableClearType
true BitmapCache, BitmapCacheBrush,
CacheMode Visual, Target
BitmapCacheBrush.
,
, . ,
, ,
WPF. Windows, WPF
DirectX ,
.
,
,
. ;
18.
WPF,
. ,
,
, . ,
WPF .

Transform3D
Model3D
Visual3D
Viewport3D

16
16.
API Windows Presentation Fo

undation
, .NET Framework.
( 3D-)
WPF,
.
, ,

. , WPF 3D-.
API,
3D-, ,

. :
, , .
, 3D
, XAML-. WPF
, ,
, Shape Drawing.
,
.
, ,
3D-.

. , Viewport3D,
UIElement, Items
Control. 3D-
, , Drawing Visual.
603
, ,
.
. -,
, . -,
API, WPF. -,
,
, DirectX,
, WPF.

,
, . 3D-
, , ,
.
, ,
.
(50,75) 100 30 , , ,
Rectangle ( GeometryDrawing Rec
tangleGeometry ). 16.1,
Drawing .
.16.1.
16.1. Drawing
<Page Background="Black"
<Image>
<Image.Source>
<DrawingImage>
<DrawingGroup x:Name="House">
<GeometryDrawing x:Name="Front" Brush="Red"
Geometry="M0,260 L0,600 L110,670 L110,500 L190,550
L190,710 L300,775 L300,430 L150,175"/>
<GeometryDrawing x:Name="Side" Brush="Green"
Geometry="M300,430 L300,775 L600,600 L600,260"/>
<GeometryDrawing x:Name="Roof" Brush="Blue"
Geometry="M150,175 L300,430 L600,260 L450,0"/>
</DrawingGroup>
</DrawingImage>
</Image.Source>
</Image>
</Page>
604
16.
.16.1. , Drawing
, ,
, .
.
, ,
, .
, .
(
),
.
16.2 ,
, Model3D Drawing.
16.2 ,
. 3D-,
, ;
.16.2 .
16.2. , 3D-
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<OrthographicCamera Position="5,5,5" LookDirection="-1,-1,-1" Width="5"/>
</Viewport3D.Camera>
<Viewport3D.Children>
<ModelVisual3D x:Name="Light">
<ModelVisual3D.Content>

<AmbientLight/>
</ModelVisual3D.Content>
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelVisual3D>
<Model3DGroup x:Name="House">
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Roof">
<GeometryModel3D.Material>
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Blue"/>
</GeometryModel3D.Material>
<GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,1 0,2,1 0,2,-1 -1,1,
-1 0,2,1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 0,2,-1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 7"/>
</GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Sides">
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Green"/>
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,1 -1,1,-1 -1,-1,
-1 -1,-1,1 1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Ends">
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Red"/>
<MeshGeometry3D
Positions="-0.25,0,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1 -0.25,-1,1 -0.25,0,1
-1,-1,1 0.25,0,1 1,-1,1 1,1,1 0.25,0,1 0.25,-1,
1 1,-1,1 1,1,1 0,2,1 -1, 1,1 -1,1,1 -0.25,0,
1 0.25,0,1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,
1,-1 1,1,-1 -1,1,-1 0,2,-1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
15 17 18 19 20 21 19 21 22 23 24 25"/>
</GeometryModel3D>
</Model3DGroup>
</ModelVisual3D>
</Viewport3D.Children>
</Viewport3D>
</Page>
605
606
16.
.16.2.
16.2 ,
. ,
, 15 . .16.1

.
16.1.

Drawing
Model3D
Drawing
, ,

Visual.
Model3D
,
Visual3D.
Geometry
Geometry3D
Geometry
.
,
.
Geometry .
Geom etryDrawing Geo
metry Brush
.
Geometry3D
. Geomet
ry3D,
Material GeometryModel3D.
Visual
Visual3D
Visual ,
.
DrawingVisual ,
FrameworkElement, Control
Shape.
Visual3D ,
. Model
Visual3D Visual3D,
,
Model3D.
607
UIElement
UIElement3D
UIElement Visual,
,
WPF
. , UIElement
1 (LIFE layout, input, focus, even
ting , , , )
.
UIElement3D UIEle
ment, IFE (input, focus, eventing
, , ) 3D.

,

.
Transform
Transform3D
Transform
,
Drawing Visual.
16.2 Transform3D,

, ,

Model3D Visual3D.
3D- API,
, ; 16.2
:1
Camera 3D-
. ,
, .
Material Light

. ,
.
, ,
3D-.

, ,
, .. WPF ,
Viewport3D, 3D-
1
: LIFE life . . .
608
16.
( Camera).
(
). .16.3
, WPF.
2D
3D
.16.3.
z
.
y , . ,
,
, 3D.
, . ,
,
.
Camera OrthographicCamera Per
spectiveCamera
.
, ,
3D- .
Position
Position .
, . Position Point3D.
Point3D x, y, z
. 16.2
(5,5,5):
<Viewport3D.Camera>
609

WPF

z xy. x y
, .16.4, z
. z
, .
z , .
.16.4.
WPF .
:
x,
y,
z (.16.5).
.16.5.
, .

MeshGeometry3D.
610
16.
,
x, y z.
.16.6 , -
. (
,
.)
.16.6. ,
-
- ,
(-5,5,5):
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<OrthographicCamera Position="-5,5,5" LookDirection="-1,-1,-1" Width="5"/>
.16.7.
.16.7. ,
-
,
. ,
611
, ,
10 . ,
. LookDirection ,
.
LookDirection
LookDirection , .
Vector3D. Point3D, Vector3D
x, y, z, ,
. Vector3D
Length :
x2 + y2 + z2 .
!
, , NearPlaneDis
tance, . Position
,
, NearPlaneDistance, . .16.8
, , .
NearPlaneDistance Camera ,
Z-
. Z- , ,
Z- (Z-fighting),
, . .16.9
,
. .
Z-
, . NearPlaneDistance
Camera Z-,
, . NearPlaneDistance
0.125, .
, ,
Z-. ,
. FarPlaneDistance,
, ,
.
, Z- ,
, , .

, , , .
,
. ,
, .
612
16.
.16.8. -

.16.9.
Z-
Camera 16.2 LookDirection <-1,-1,-1>:

<Viewport3D.Camera>
x, y, z , ,
-, .16.10.
, (-5,5,5),
. . 16.11 .
LookDirection,
.
.16.10.
-
.16.11.

613
LookDirection , - , ,
Position Camera.
(0,0,0). (-5,5,5)
(0,0,0) <5,-5,-5>, .16.12.
.16.12.
LookDirection ,
.16.13:
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<OrthographicCamera Position="-5,5,5" LookDirection="5,-5,-5" Width="5"/>
.16.13.
614
16.
, Vector3D ,
, .
LookDirection <1,-1,-1>, ,
.16.13.
, WPF .
, Vector3D
- ( <0,0,0>),
Point3D.
Vector3D Point3D,
Point3D, (Length) ,
. ,
. , Vec
tor3DAnimation .
,
, LookDirection
, :
private void LookAt(ProjectionCamera camera, Point3D lookAtPoint)
{
camera.LookDirection = lookAtPoint - camera.Position;
}
UpDirection
LookDirection , ,
.

, .16.14.
.
,
UpDirection ( ).

.16.14. UpDirection
615
UpDirection <0,1,0>. ,
<1,0,0>, , , . .16.15
, UpDirection.
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<OrthographicCamera Position="5,5,5" LookDirection="-1,-1,-1"
UpDirection="1,0,0" Width="5"/>
.16.15.
x UpDirection

Position, UpDirection LookDirection.
, ,
,
Camera.Transform.
Camera.Transform , ,
, ,
Transform3D.
Camera.Transform ,
,
3D- . ,
Transform3D.
616
16.
UpDirection!

180, , ,
, UpDirection. ,
LookDirection UpDirection,
.16.16.
, LookDirection
, .
, , .
UpDirection -
y,
. , ,
, LookDirection UpDirection
.
UpDirection LookDirection, .16.17.

.16.16.
617
.16.17.
OrthographicCamera PerspectiveCamera
WPF , .
PerspectiveCamera ,
, , ,
, .
. , OrthographicCamera,
,
,
.
. .16.18
,
.

3D- , ,
.
, ,
.16.19.
618
16.
.
OrthographicCamera.Width.
Viewport3D , 1:1.
:
<Viewport3D.Camera>
.16.18.
.16.19.
619
.
,
. ,
.16.20.
,
.
FieldOfView. WPF
. :
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<PerspectiveCamera Position="5,5,5" LookDirection="-1,-1,-1" FieldOfView="45""/>
FieldOfView
.
Width. Width FieldOfView,
3D- . Width FieldOfView,
.
.16.20.
620
16.

MatrixCamera
WPF , MatrixCamera,
Matrix3D.
,
.
MatrixCamera , ,
Direct3D. MatrixCamera
, WPF ,
.
, MatrixCamera, Direct3D.

, D3DX.
DirectX SDK.
Transform3D
Transform , Transform3D
, 3D-.
Transform3D Model3D, ModelVisual3D Camera.
Transform.
Transform 3D-
. ,
,
Canvas.Left Canvas.Top.
.16.21 15.

. TranslateTransform
,
. .16.21.
TranslateTransform
Visual , .
,
. Canvas
TranslateTransform
Visual.
. 3D-
.
, 3D-
, Transform3D:
TranslateTransform3D 3D-
.
621
Transform3D
.16.21.
ScaleTransform3D 3D-
.
RotateTransform3D 3D- .
MatrixTransform3D 3D-, Mat
rix3D.
Transform3DGroup Transform3D. Trans
form3DGroup Transform3D
3D-.
,
. 16.3 XAML-,
, . -,
( , ), -,
Width ,
.
16.3.
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<AmbientLight/>
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelVisual3D>
<ModelVisual3D.Transform>
622
16.
<x:Static Member="Transform3D.Identity"/>
</ModelVisual3D.Transform>
<Model3DGroup x:Name="House">
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Roof">
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,1 0,2,1 0,2,-1 -1,1,
-1 0,2,1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 0,2,-1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Sides">
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,1 -1,1,-1 -1,-1,
-1 -1,-1,1 1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Ends">
<MeshGeometry3D
Positions="-0.25,0,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1 -0.25,-1,
1 -0.25,0,1 -1,-1,1 0.25,0,1 1,-1,1 1,1,
1 0.25,0,1 0.25,-1,1 1,-1,1 1,1,1 0,2,1 -1,
1,1 -1,1,1 -0.25,0,1 0.25,0,1 1,1,1 1,1,
-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,-1 -1,1,
-1 0,2,-1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 15 17 18 19 20 21 19 21 22 23 24 25"/>
</GeometryModel3D>
</Model3DGroup>
</ModelVisual3D>
</Viewport3D>
</Page>
Transform3D
623
TranslateTransform3D
TranslateTransform3D
. OffsetX, OffsetY
OffsetZ. , OffsetZ = 3,
z , .16.22:
<TranslateTransform3D OffsetZ="3"/>
.16.22. z
, 3D-
, . ,
.
(3,2,1),
:
<TranslateTransform3D OffsetX="3" OffsetY="2" OffsetZ="1"/>
ScaleTransform3D
ScaleTransform3D ,
3D-.
ScaleX, ScaleY ScaleZ.
, ScaleTransform3D
. ,
x (.16.23):
<ScaleTransform3D ScaleX="2"/>
624
16.
.16.23. x
3D- , Sca
leX, ScaleY ScaleZ .
. 2,
, 0.5 .
, 1, 0!
,
1:1, 1:0. ScaleX, ScaleY ScaleZ, 0,
.
,
.
, !
, .
, .
. .16.23
, .
, (3,0,0),
0.5,
(1.5,0,0),
. XAML-
.16.24:
<Transform3DGroup>
<TranslateTransform3D OffsetX="3"/>
<ScaleTransform3D ScaleX="0.5" ScaleY="0.5" ScaleZ="0.5"/>
</Transform3DGroup>
Transform3D
625
.16.24. ,

,
. CenterX, CenterY CenterZ.
XAML- .
<Transform3DGroup>
<ScaleTransform3D ScaleX="0.5" ScaleY="0.5" ScaleZ="0.5" CenterX="3"/>
</Transform3DGroup>
, .16.25.
.16.25.
626
16.
<Transform3DGroup>
<ScaleTransform3D ScaleX="0.5" ScaleY="0.5" ScaleZ="0.5"/>
</Transform3DGroup>
, ,

, , .
,
x.
.16.24, , , ,

. ,
.
. .16.26 ,
ScaleZ
xy:
<Transform3DGroup>
<ScaleTransform3D ScaleZ="-1"/>
</Transform3DGroup>
.16.26. z
, z.
, OffsetZ
.
Transform3D
627

CenterX, CenterY CenterZ
,
.
, .

, x, y, z. Rotati
onTransform3D ,
.
,
, .
RotateTransform3D
RotateTransform3D 3D-
. Rotation3D.
:
AxisAngleRotation3D Axis Angle,
.
.
QuaternionRotation3D Quaternion.

,
.
FAQ
WPF -
?
WPF ,
,
. 0 360,
Rotation3DAnimation
,
. , 179,9999,
,
.

Axis/Angle, 3D-
.
Angle DoubleAnimation.
628
16.
Quaternion ,
,
.
,
Axis/Angle,
, AxisAngleRotation3D QuaternionRotation3D
Rotation3D.
Rotation3D Rotation3DAnimation,
.
WPF ,
.
. ,
, .
WPF EulerAngleRotation3D,
Transform3D, Transform3DGroup
RotateTransform3D, XAML-:
<Transform3DGroup>
<RotateTransform3D>
<RotateTransform3D.Rotation>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="RotateX" Axis="1,0,0" Angle="0"/>
</RotateTransform3D.Rotation>
</RotateTransform3D>
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="RotateY" Axis="0,1,0" Angle="0"/>
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="RotateZ" Axis="0,0,1" Angle="0"/>
</Transform3DGroup>
, , ,
.
.16.27 45 y:
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D Axis="0,1,0" Angle="45"/>
Transform3D
629
.16.27. 45 y
, x z .
, ,
, ScaleTransform3D:
<Transform3DGroup>
<RotateTransform3D>
</Transform3DGroup>

. .
, ,
.16.28.
.16.28.
630
16.
, ,
CenterX, CenterY CenterZ:
<Transform3DGroup>
<RotateTransform3D CenterZ="3">
</Transform3DGroup>

. ,
.
<Transform3DGroup>
<RotateTransform3D>
</Transform3DGroup>
Transform3D
,
, 3D-
: , ( ,
).
Transform3DGroup. XAML-
Transform3DGroup:
<Transform3DGroup>
<ScaleTransform3D x:Name="Size" ScaleX="1" ScaleY="1" ScaleZ="1"/>
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="Orientation" Axis="0,1,0" Angle="0"/>
<TranslateTransform3D x:Name="Position" OffsetX="0" OffsetY="0" OffsetZ="0"/>
</Transform3DGroup>
Model3D
631

MatrixTransform3D
WPF Transform3D: MatrixTrans
form3D.
Matrix3D. ,
, Matrix3D 44. ,
, , .
MatrixTransform3D ,
Transform3D, ,
.
, Transform3D
Matrix3D Value.
Transform3DGroup, ,
Transform3D MatrixTransform3D.
Model3D
Model3D ,
. Model3D Drawing .
Drawing
WPF-
, Model3D 3D- WPF.
WPF Model3D:
Light , .
, Light Model3D,
, ,
Model3DGroup.
XAML-
, 3D-
.

,
. , ,
.
, ,
3D-,
XAML.
, .
3D-, ZAM 3D Electric Rain,
WPF XAML.
632
16.
GeometryModel3D (
Geometry3D) Material. GeometryModel3D

GeometryDrawing .
Model3DGroup Model3D. Model3DGroup
Model3D
GeometryModel3D Light 3D-
.
16.2 16.3,
.
Light
, WPF
. , ,
Brush Pen. 3D
,

.
.
: Light,
; Material, , -
; (Geometry) ,
.
, WPF:
DirectionalLight ( )
, .
, .
PointLight ( )
. .
PointLight ,
.
SpotLight () . PointLight,
. SpotLight
, .
AmbientLight ( ) .
-
.
,
.
, ,
. ,
, WPF, ,
.
,
.
Model3D
633
: (
); ,
. WPF
.
.
,
, ,
.. - .
API
, .
DirectionalLight
DirectionalLight ,
, .
, , . .16.29
, :
<DirectionalLight Direction="1,-1,-0.5" Color="White"/>
, , Direction.
, Transform, Model3D,
. Color.
.16.29. DirectionalLight,
DirectionalLight
. ,
634
16.
( ),
, .
, , AmbientLight,
.
Color . ,
#FFFFFF . #808080
. - .
. , (
Position, Direction ..)
, .
PointLight
PointLight ,
, , ,
. DirectionalLight, ,
PointLight, .
. 16.30
PointLight, :
<PointLight Color="White" Position="2,2,2"
ConstantAttenuation="0"
LinearAttenuation="0"
QuadraticAttenuation="0.125"/>
PointLight Position.

, ConstantAttenuation (
), LinearAttenuation ( ) QuadraticAttenuation (
):
=
1
max(1, C + Ld + Qd2)
C, L, Q ConstantAttenuation, LinearAttenuation Quadratic

Attenuation, d ( Position)
. -
. , C=1, L=0, Q=0,
, .
.
PointLight Range, ,
.
Range ,
Model3D
635
. Range
.
.16.30. PointLight,
SpotLight
SpotLight (PointLight), .
.

. .16.31 , SpotLight
PointLight,
.
.16.31. SpotLight,
636
16.
FAQ
SpotLight PointLight
?
,

. , WPF
.
,
PointLight SpotLight.
.16.32. , .
SpotLight ,
PointLight Range. ,
, .
,
, . 16.33.
, ,
SpotLight .
, .
,
.
,
.16.31, .
, ,
, .
, .
.16.32.
.16.33.

Model3D
637
Direction .
OuterConeAngle InnerConeAngle. :
<SpotLight Color="White" Position="2,2,2"
Direction="-1,-1,-1"
InnerConeAngle="45"
OuterConeAngle="90"/>
InnerConeAngle
, Color. InnerConeAngle Outer
ConeAngle . Inner
ConeAngle OuterConeAngle, .
InnerConeAngle OuterConeAngle,
SpotLight, .
AmbientLight
AmbientLight ,
,
. AmbientLight
, .16.34.
AmbientLight , Color,
. Transform,
Model3D, AmbientLight .
.16.34. AmbientLight,
638
16.
AmbientLight (.
) ,
.16.35:
<AmbientLight Color="White"/>
.16.35. AmbientLight
AmbientLight
, ,
. .16.36
AmbientLight :
<Model3DGroup>
<DirectionalLight Direction="1,-1,-1" Color="White"/>
<AmbientLight Color="#FF333333"/>
</Model3DGroup>
,
: AmbientLight
( #555555 ).
, AmbientLight
, DiffuseMaterial.AmbientColor. ,
AmbientColor, ,
DiffuseMaterial, Ambi
entLight.
639
Model3D
DirectionalLight
AmbientLight
.16.36. AmbientLight
GeometryModel3D
, 3D-, . WPF
Geometry3D.
Geometry3D
.
, Material. GeometryMo
del3D, Model3D,
Geometry Material.
GeometryModel3D,
( MeshGeometry3D) DiffuseMaterial:
<GeometryModel3D>
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,0 -1,-1,0 1,-1,0 1,1,0"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2, 0 2 3"/>
</GeometryModel3D>
,
MeshGeometry3D.
Material
, Light
, . ,
,
640
16.
.
. ,
.
WPF Material ,
.
, WPF:
DiffuseMaterial ( )
, ,
.
SpecularMaterial ( ) ,
.
,
.
EmissiveMaterial ( ) ,
. ,
;
.
. ,
,
, , ,
.
MaterialGroup .
,
.
DiffuseMaterial. . ,
, ,
, .
.16.37 .
.16.37. (. )
641
Model3D
.
,
.16.38. , ,
.
. ,
, ,
.
.16.38.
, , Brush.
.16.37
, .
, ,
, . ,
.16.39 ,
ImageBrush:
<DiffuseMaterial>
<DiffuseMaterial.Brush>
<ImageBrush ImageSource="C:\ZebraStripes.png" ViewportUnits="Absolute"/>
</DiffuseMaterial.Brush>
</DiffuseMaterial>
, SolidColorBrush,
!
GradientBrush, ImageBrush, DrawingBrush
VisualBrush, ,
.
, .
SolidColorBrush ,
.

. SolidColorBrush , ,
, , .
642
16.
ImageBrush
ImageBrush
.16.39. ImageBrush,
(. )
WPF ,

.
3D-, ,
Drawing,
, DocumentViewer!
,
( UV-)
Geometry. .
.16.39 ImageBrush ,
, , .
.
, ImageBrush.
Color .
.
, .
Color . ,
,
, .
643
Model3D

, , :
n
Lci Mci
Mb
i=0
Lc Color , Mc Color
, Mb . -
Color . -
.
Color
.
, ,
..
Color , ,
. , ,
, .
ImageSource, ;
.16.39 ,
:
<DiffuseMaterial Color="Orange">
<ImageBrush ImageSource="C:\ZebraStripes.png" ViewportUnits="Absolute"/>
</DiffuseMaterial>
, ,
3D-,
.
FAQ

?
:
ImageSource -,
Brush.Opacity - DiffuseMaterial.
Color. ,
, .
644
16.
, WPF .
, , ,
( ), WPF
, ,
. ,
(
), :
, , ,
. , .
,
, .
, 3D-
, Children.
Children, ,
.

EmissiveMaterial. ,
.
.
FAQ
WPF AmbientMaterial?
, ,
, Di
rect3D 3D-, , , WPF
AmbientMaterial.

(ambient), , ,
.
, ,
AmbientLight
. , ,
AmbientLight,
.
AmbientLight.
WPF AmbientColor DiffuseMaterial.
Color ,
, AmbientLight. AmbientColor
AmbientLight.
, ,
Color DiffuseMaterial,
SpecularMaterial EmissiveMaterial .
AmbientColor DiffuseMaterial.
645
Model3D
EmissiveMaterial. ,
.
. .16.40
:
<EmissiveMaterial Brush="Green"/>
.
,
, , .
. 16.40
. -
, - ( ,
).
, Emis
siveMaterial DiffuseMaterial, MaterialGroup:
<MaterialGroup>
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Black"/>
<EmissiveMaterial Brush="Green"/>
</MaterialGroup>
.16.40.
EmissiveMaterial
EmissiveMaterial DiffuseMaterial
.16.40. (. )
, ,
. , ,
,
. ,
. ,
646
16.
,
.
SpecularMaterial.
, ,
.
, , .16.41:
<SpecularMaterial Brush="White" SpecularPower="10"/>
SpecularMaterial DiffuseMaterial,
( .16.41):
<MaterialGroup>
<SpecularMaterial Brush="White" SpecularPower="40"/>
</MaterialGroup>

.16.37.
SpecularPower.
, .
SpecularMaterial
SpecularMaterial DiffuseMaterial
.16.41. (. )
,
.

.
Model3D
647
, ,
,
. .16.42, Specular
Material, , ,
.
.16.42.
, , AmbientLight ,
.
, ,
, Color
Brush SpecularMaterial Color .
Diffuse
Material .
,
, WPF
Brush. -
, ,
. , (gloss
mapping),
, ..
. ,
MaterialGroup .
EmissiveMaterial SpecularMaterial DiffuseMa
terial, .
Geometry3D
Geometry Geometry3D
. Geometry3D
. Model3D,
, ,
GeometryModel3D. Geometry3D
: MeshGeometry3D.
648
16.
MeshGeometry3D ,
. :
Positions , (
).
TriangleIndices , .
TriangleIndices , ,
0 1 2, 3 4 5 ..
Normals .
TextureCoordinates
, .
Positions, Normals TextureCoordinates ,
. ,
0 Positions,
0 Normals ..
Positions. , ,
.
Positions MeshGeometry3D.
Point3D Positions . ,
, .16.43.
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,0 -1,-1,0 1,-1,0"/>
, (.16.44).
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,0 -1,-1,0 1,-1,0 -1,1,0 1,-1,0 1,1,0"/>
.16.43. ,
MeshGeometry3D
.16.44. ,
MeshGeometry3D
. ,
, ,
, MeshGeometry3D
.
. - ,
Material null. ,
649
Model3D
. .16.45
, , .
.
, 0 1, ,
0 1.
, ,
.16.45.
.16.45.

, z .
, ,
. , ,
, . .16.46,
.
.16.46.

.
650
16.
, - ,
Material BackMaterial ,
, .
,
.
. ,
, BackMaterial,
.
TriangleIndices.
.
.
.
TriangleIndices
. TriangleIndices , ,
,
Positions. ,
TriangleIndices. , , . 16.47,
, :
TriangleIndices="0 1 2, 0 2 3"/>

. ,
.
,
,
.
.16.47.
651
Model3D
, TriangleIndices ,
,
MeshGeometry3D, . WPF
, ,
, .
, .
MeshGeometry3D ,
, , -
.
,
.
MeshGeometry3D , ,
.
Normals. ,
. ,
, ,
. .16.48
, 12
.
.16.48. , 12
,
.16.49,
652
16.
. ,
.
, .16.49,
.
.16.49. , .16.48
, ,
, .
,
, ,
.16.48. TriangleIndices ,
,
, .16.48 .
, . ,
,
, .16.50 :
TriangleIndices="0 1 2, 0 2 3"
Normals="0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1"/>
, ,
,
, .16.50 :
Normals="-0.25,0.25,1 -0.25,-0.25,1 0.25,-0.25,1 0.25,0.25,1"/>
653
Model3D
.16.50.
TextureCoordinates. Fill
Shape ,
, .
. TextureCoordina
tes .

.
. . 16.51 ,
, :
TextureCoordinates="0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0"/>
, WPF ,
, y
. , -
(0,0) (1,1).
.16.51.

654
16.
WPF ,
, , !

WPF.
, 2D3D-.
, ,
.
-, ,
. ,
, , , :
TextureCoordinates="0,0 0,0.5 0.5,0.5 0.5,0"/>
(0,0) (0.5,0.5)
.
, ViewportUnits Absolute:
<ImageBrush ViewportUnits="Absolute" .../>
.

. .
-, ,
y , , WPF.
, ,
, .
:
<ImageBrush ViewportUnits="Absolute" Transform="1,0,0,-1,0,1" .../>
,
0 1, , , .
WPF TileMode :
<ImageBrush ViewportUnits="Absolute" Transform="1,0,0,-1,0,1" TileMode="Tile" .../>
ImageBrush,
, .
Model3DGroup
Model3DGroup Model3D.
Model3D .
GeometryModel3D Model3DGroup ,
. 16.4 ,
GeometryModel3D .
Model3D
655
MeshGeometry3D,
MaterialGroup.
(mesh) ,
, .
. WPF
Model3DGroup, Geomet
ryModel3D, .
16.4.
<Model3DGroup x:Name="Cube">
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Front">
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Orange"/>
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="1,1,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1 1,-1,1"
TextureCoordinates="1,1 0,1 0,0 1,0"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3"/>
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Right">
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Yellow"/>
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="1,1,-1 -1,1,-1 -1,1,1 1,1,1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Back">
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,-1 1,-1,-1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Left">
656
16.
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,1,1 -1,1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,-1,1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Top">
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="1,-1,1 1,-1,-1 1,1,-1 1,1,1"
</GeometryModel3D>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="Bottom">
<DiffuseMaterial Brush="Purple"/>
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1,-1,1 -1,-1,-1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,1"
</GeometryModel3D>
</Model3DGroup>
Visual3D
, ,
Visual.
Visual3D ,
. Visual ,
Visual3D
VisualTreeHelper.
WPF Visual3D: ModelVisual3D,
UIElement3D Viewport2DVisual3D. .
ModelVisual3D
ModelVisual3D DrawingVisual
WPF . ModelVisual3D
Content:
Visual3D
657
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<ModelVisual3D Content="{StaticResource CubeModel}"/>
</Viewport3D>
ModelVisual3D Children. Model

Visual3D
Viewport3D:
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<ModelVisual3D Transform="{DynamicResource SquadronTransform}">
<ModelVisual3D Content="{StaticResource AirplaneModel}"
Transform="{DynamicResource PlaneTransform1}"/>
<ModelVisual3D Content="{StaticResource AirplaneModel}"
Transform="{DynamicResource PlaneTransform2}"/>
</ModelVisual3D>
</Viewport3D>
FAQ
Model3DGroup,
ModelVisual3D?
, , Model3DGroup,
ModelVisual3D ( ModelUIElement3D,
),
. ModelVisual3D ModelUIElement3D
.
, Model3DGroup .
ModelVisual3D
GeometryModel3D . ,
.
Model3DGroup ,
GeometryModel3D .
Model3DGroup
(, ,
), ModelVisual3D ( ModelUIElement3D)
3D- (, ).
658
16.
ModelVisual3D Children ( Content!),

XAML-
. , Model3D
ModelVisual3D.
UIElement3D
WPF3.5 UIElement3D
Visual3D
WPF 3D.
, WPF UIElement ,
LIFE (, , ).
, IFE (, ) UIElement3D
. ,
3D- .
Viewport3D,
, 3D- ,
UIElement3D.
WPF , UIElement3D: ModelUIElement3D
ContainerUIElement3D.
FooBar, , , ModelUIEle
ment3D UIElement3D, Model, ContainerUIElement3D UIEle
ment3D, .
ModelUIElement3D
16.5 16.6 ModelUIElement3D
, . ModelUI
Element3D Model3D, .
, MouseDown ModelUIEle
ment3D, Viewport3D.
16.5. MainWindow.xaml ,
<Grid>
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<PerspectiveCamera Position="3,3,4" LookDirection="-1,-1,-1"
FieldOfView="60"/>
<ModelVisual3D>
<DirectionalLight Direction="-0.3,-0.4,-0.5" />
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelUIElement3D MouseDown="Cube_MouseDown">
Visual3D
659
<ModelUIElement3D.Model>
<GeometryModel3D>
<DiffuseMaterial>
<SolidColorBrush Color="Purple" x:Name="CubeBrush"/>
</DiffuseMaterial>
<MeshGeometry3D
Positions="1,1,-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1 1,-1,1
1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,1 -1,-1,1 -1,-1,-1
-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,1 -1,1,1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 -1,1,-1 -1,1,1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 10 8 10 11 12 13 14 12 14
15 16 17 18 16 18 19 20 21 22 20 22 23"
TextureCoordinates="0,1 0,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 -0,1 0,-0 1,0 1,1 -0,1 0,-0
1,0 1,0 1,1 -0,1 0,-0 -0,0 1,-0 1,1 0,1 1,-0 1,1
0,1 -0,0" />
</GeometryModel3D>
</ModelUIElement3D.Model>
</ModelUIElement3D>
</Viewport3D>
</Grid>
</Window>
16.6. MainWindow.xaml.cs ,

using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;

{
static Random r;
public MainWindow()
{
r = new Random();
}
private void Cube_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
//
CubeBrush.Color = Color.FromRgb((byte)r.Next(), (byte)r.Next(), (byte)r.Next());
}
}
660
16.
ContainerUIElement3D
ContainerUIElement3D
ModelUIElement3D:
<Viewport3D>
<ContainerUIElement3D>
<ModelUIElement3D ...>
<ModelUIElement3D ...>
</ContainerUIElement3D>
</Viewport3D>
ContainerUIElement3D Model3D,
Children Visual3DCollection .
ModelUIElement3DGroup.
ModelVisual3D UIEle
ment3D. ModelVisual3D Model3D,
Visual3DCollection. UIElement3D
ContainerUIElement3D ModelUIElement3D
.
Viewport2DVisual3D
WPF3.5 Viewport2DVisual3D
2D-
. 2D-
VisualBrush DrawingBrush.
, .
Button, VisualBrush,
. Viewport2DVisual3D :
, , .
TextBox, ,
.
,
. ,
TextBox!
Viewport2DVisual3D , , ,
, WPF.
Visual3D, . ,
, WPF Viewport2D.
16.7 Viewport2DVisual3D
Button. Viewport2DVisual3D MeshGeomet
ry3D, Material Visual.
Viewport2DVisual3D.
IsVisualHostMaterial true.
Brush, . , ,
Visual3D
661
Visual, .
.16.52.
16.7.
<Window xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Grid>
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<PerspectiveCamera Position="0.2,0.1,1" LookDirection="-0.2,-.1,-1"
FieldOfView="120"/>
<ModelVisual3D>
</ModelVisual3D>
<Viewport2DVisual3D>
<Viewport2DVisual3D.Geometry>
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3" />
</Viewport2DVisual3D.Geometry>
<Viewport2DVisual3D.Material>
<DiffuseMaterial Viewport2DVisual3D.IsVisualHostMaterial="True" />
</Viewport2DVisual3D.Material>
<Button>Hello, 3D</Button>
</Viewport2DVisual3D>
</Viewport3D>
</Grid>
</Window>
.16.52.

662
16.
Viewport2DVisual3D .
CacheMode, ,
UIElement.

,
, 3D-, ModelUIElement3D
MouseDown. ModelUIElement3D
3D-.
Visual, Visual3D
Visual.
Visual3D,
UIElement, 3D-,
Viewport3D:
<Viewport3D MouseDown="MouseDownHandler">

:
private void MouseDownHandler(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
Viewport3D viewport = (Viewport3D)sender;
Point location = e.GetPosition(viewport);
HitTestResult result = VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(viewport, location);
if (result != null && result.VisualHit is Visual3D)
{
MessageBox.Show("Hit Visual3D!");
}
}
, Visual3D 15
VisualTreeHelper.HitTest,
.
3D-,
VisualTreeHelper.HitTest, Visual3D
HitTestParameters3D.
Viewport3D
663

HitTestResult , ,
PointHitTestResult GeometryHitTestResult.
HitTestResult ,
. ,
, 3D-, Hit
TestResult RayMeshGeometry3DHitTestResult.
.
Viewport3D
Viewport3D , Viewport2D
Visual3D. Viewport2DVisual3D Visual3D,
2D 3D, Viewport3D
FrameworkElement, 3D 2D.
Viewport3D , Window
Grid. Viewport3D Visual3D. 3D-
, Visual3D,
, Viewport3D. 3D- Viewport3D
Camera Viewport3D.

(. 21
) ,
. , Button
.
Viewport3D : Viewport3D
3D- ,
. ClipToBounds Viewport3D false,
3D-
. , Viewport3D
, true.
Width Height Viewport3D,
.
, Viewport3D 00 3D-
.
, Viewport3D
FrameworkElement, ,
3D- .
664
16.

3D-. .16.53
Photo Gallery 7
. ,
Button. ,
! .
.16.53. Photo Gallery
16.8.

<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate>

<Trigger Property="Button.IsPressed" Value="true">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard TargetName="RotateY" TargetProperty="Angle">
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:1" From="0" To="360"
DecelerationRatio="1.0"/>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
</Trigger>
<Viewport3D>
<Viewport3D.Camera>
<PerspectiveCamera Position="2.9,2.65,2.9" LookDirection="-1,-1,-1"/>
Viewport3D
665
<DirectionalLight Direction="-0.3,-0.4,-0.5"/>
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelVisual3D x:Name="Cube">
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="RotateY" Axis="0,1,0" Angle="0"/>
<GeometryModel3D>
<DiffuseMaterial>

<VisualBrush ViewportUnits="Absolute" Transform="1,0,0,-1,0,1">
<VisualBrush.Visual>
<Border Background="{Binding Path=Background,
RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}">
<Label Content="{Binding Path=Content,
RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"/>
</Border>
</VisualBrush.Visual>
</VisualBrush>
</DiffuseMaterial>
<MeshGeometry3D
Positions="1,1,-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1
1,-1,1 1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,1 -1,-1,1 -1,-1,-1
-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,1 -1,1,1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 -1,1,-1 -1,1,1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 10 8 10 11 12
13 14 12 14 15 16 17 18 16 18 19 20 21 22 20 22 23"
TextureCoordinates="0,1 0,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 0,1 0,-0 1,0 1,1
0,1 0,-0 1,0 1,0 1,1 0,1 0,-0 0,0 1,-0 1,1 0,1 1,-0
1,1 0,1 0,0"/>
</GeometryModel3D>
</ModelVisual3D>
</Viewport3D>
</ControlTemplate>
666
16.
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>

Viewport3DVisual
Viewport3D Viewport3DVisual,
. Viewport3D
Visual - ,
Visual, FrameworkElement, Viewport3DVisual
Visual, Visual3D.
Viewport3DVisual , Viewport3D,
Viewport, ,
3D-, Visual
.

WPF
. ,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
.
.
API ,
.
Visual.TransformToAncestor
Visual TransformToAncestor,
GeneralTransform2DTo3D. , Visual Viewport2D
Visual3D.
Visual Visual3D.
16.9 16.10 (0,0), Viewport2D
Visual3D Button, ,
, Point3D,
. ,
, General
Transform2DTo3D. .16.54.
667
.16.54. (0,0), Viewport2DVisual3D,

16.9. MainWindow.xaml

<Grid>
<Viewport3D Panel.ZIndex="0">
<Viewport3D.Camera>
FieldOfView="60" />
<ModelVisual3D>
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelVisual3D x:Name="Container">
<Viewport2DVisual3D>
<Viewport2DVisual3D.Transform>
<Transform3DGroup>
<TranslateTransform3D OffsetX="1.5" />
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="rotationY" Axis="0,1,0" Angle="0" />
</Transform3DGroup>
</Viewport2DVisual3D.Transform>
<Viewport2DVisual3D.Geometry>
668
16.
<MeshGeometry3D Positions="1,1,-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 -1,1,1

-1,-1,1 1,-1,1 1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1
1,-1,-1 1,-1,1 -1,-1,1 -1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1
-1,-1,1 -1,1,1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 -1,1,-1
-1,1,1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 10 8 10 11 12 13 14 12
14 15 16 17 18 16 18 19 20 21 22 20 22 23"
1,0 1,0 1,1 -0,1 0,-0 -0,0 1,-0 1,1 0,1 1,-0 1,1
0,1 -0,0" />
</Viewport2DVisual3D.Geometry>
<Viewport2DVisual3D.Material>
<DiffuseMaterial Viewport2DVisual3D.IsVisualHostMaterial="True" />
</Viewport2DVisual3D.Material>
<Button Name="TestButton">
<ScaleTransform ScaleY="-1" />
Hello, 3D
</Button>
</Viewport2DVisual3D>
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelUIElement3D>
<ModelUIElement3D.Transform>
<Transform3DGroup>
<ScaleTransform3D ScaleX="0.2" ScaleY="0.2" ScaleZ="0.2" />
<TranslateTransform3D x:Name="cube_translation" />
</Transform3DGroup>
</ModelUIElement3D.Transform>
<GeometryModel3D>
<DiffuseMaterial>
<SolidColorBrush Color="Purple" />
</DiffuseMaterial>
<MeshGeometry3D
Positions="1,1,-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1 1,-1,1
1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,1 -1,-1,1 -1,-1,-1
-1,-1,-1 -1,-1,1 -1,1,1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,1,-1 -1,1,-1 -1,1,1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 10 8 10 11 12 13 14 12
14 15 16 17 18 16 18 19 20 21 22 20 22 23"
1,0 1,0 1,1 -0,1 0,-0 -0,0 1,-0 1,1 0,1 1,-0 1,1
0,1 -0,0" />
</GeometryModel3D>
</ModelUIElement3D>
669
</Viewport3D>
</Grid>
<Window.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Window.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="rotationY"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"
From="0" To="360" Duration="0:0:12"
RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Window.Triggers>
</Window>

using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
System.Windows.Media.Media3D;

{
public MainWindow()
{
CompositionTarget.Rendering += CompositionTarget_Rendering;
}
static TimeSpan lastRenderTime = new TimeSpan();
void CompositionTarget_Rendering(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//
if (lastRenderTime == ((RenderingEventArgs)e).RenderingTime)
return;
lastRenderTime = ((RenderingEventArgs)e).RenderingTime;
GeneralTransform2DTo3D transform =
TestButton.TransformToAncestor(Container);
Point3D point = transform.Transform(new Point(0, 0));
cube_translation.OffsetX = point.X;
cube_translation.OffsetY = point.Y;
cube_translation.OffsetZ = point.Z;
}
}
670
16.
16.10 CompositionTarget.Rendering ,

. , -

.
, EventArgs
RenderingEventArgs, RenderingTime (
).
Visual3D.TransformToAncestor
Visual3D.TransformToDescendant
Visual3D
. GeneralTransform3DTo2D,
Visual3D.TransformToAncestor,
Visual3D .
,
,
.
16.11 16.12 TransformToAncestor ,
TextBlock ,
.16.55.
16.11. MainWindow.xaml
<Grid Name="myGrid">
<TextBlock Panel.ZIndex="1" IsHitTestVisible="False">
<TranslateTransform x:Name="t_000" />
(-1,-1,-1)
</TextBlock>
(-1,-1,1)
</TextBlock>
(-1,1,-1)
</TextBlock>

(-1,1,1)
</TextBlock>
(1,-1,-1)
</TextBlock>
(1,-1,1)
</TextBlock>
(1,1,-1)
</TextBlock>
(1,1,1)
</TextBlock>
<Viewport3D Panel.ZIndex="0">
<Viewport3D.Camera>
FieldOfView="60"/>
<ModelVisual3D>
</ModelVisual3D>
<ModelUIElement3D x:Name="Cube">
<ModelUIElement3D.Transform>
<RotateTransform3D>
<AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name="rotationY" Axis="0,1,0" Angle="0" />
</ModelUIElement3D.Transform>
<GeometryModel3D x:Name="OB_Cube">
<DiffuseMaterial>
<SolidColorBrush Color="Orange" x:Name="CubeBrush" />
671
672
16.
</DiffuseMaterial>
<MeshGeometry3D x:Name="ME_Cube2"
Positions="1,1,-1 1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1 -1,1,1 -1,-1,1
1,-1,1 1,1,-1 1,1,1 1,-1,1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,-1 1,-1,1
-1,-1,1 -1,-1,-1 -1,-1,-1 -1,-1,1 -1,1,1 -1,1,-1 1,1,1
1,1,-1 -1,1,-1 -1,1,1"
TriangleIndices="0 1 2 0 2 3 4 5 6 4 6 7 8 9 10 8 10 11 12 13 14
12 14 15 16 17 18 16 18 19 20 21 22 20 22 23"
TextureCoordinates="0,1 0,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 -0,1 0,-0 1,0 1,1 -0,1
0,-0 1,0 1,0 1,1 -0,1 0,-0 -0,0 1,-0 1,1 0,1
1,-0 1,1 0,1 -0,0"/>
</GeometryModel3D>
</ModelUIElement3D>
</Viewport3D>
</Grid>
<Window.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Window.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="rotationY"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Angle"
From="0" To="360" Duration="0:0:12"
RepeatBehavior="Forever" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Window.Triggers>
</Window>
.16.55.

673

using
using
using
using
using
System;
System.Windows;
System.Windows.Media.Media3D;

{
public MainWindow()
{
CompositionTarget.Rendering += CompositionTarget_Rendering;
}
static TimeSpan lastRenderTime = new TimeSpan();
void CompositionTarget_Rendering(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//
if (lastRenderTime == ((RenderingEventArgs)e).RenderingTime)
return;
lastRenderTime = ((RenderingEventArgs)e).RenderingTime;
GeneralTransform3DTo2D transform = Cube.TransformToAncestor(myGrid);
Point p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(-1, -1, -1));
t_000.X = p.X; t_000.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(-1, -1, 1));
t_001.X = p.X; t_001.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(-1, 1, -1));
t_010.X = p.X; t_010.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(-1, 1, 1));
t_011.X = p.X; t_011.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(1, -1, -1));
t_100.X = p.X; t_100.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(1, -1, 1));
t_101.X = p.X; t_101.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(1, 1, -1));
t_110.X = p.X; t_110.Y = p.Y;
p = transform.Transform(new Point3D(1, 1, 1));
t_111.X = p.X; t_111.Y = p.Y;
}
}
674
16.
GeneralTransform3DTo2D,
Grid.

.
,
. ,
CompositionTarget.Rendering.
Visual3D
TransformToDescendant Trans
formToAncestor: GeneralTransform3D,
Visu
al3D .
, , , API WPF
API. .16.1
, 3D- ,
. WPF
,
.
3D-, WPF,
, ,
. 3D- WPF
.
, . 3D-
(DataTemplate)
(ControlTemplate). ,
.
API, ,
. 19
D3DImage, Direct3D.
, 3D
.
, ,
.

XAML-

17
17.
WPF
. ,
!
, ,
, . ,
Adobe Flash,
,

. iPhone, iPad, Windows-
, Xbox Windows 7 ( )
. , ,
.
, Microsoft Expres
sion Blend, WPF ,
Adobe Flash. , WPF API
,
.
, ,
C# XAML.
WPF
. ,
XAML,
. ,
/
. ,
(VSM).
676
17.

, ,
,
. WPF :
. - ,
, ,
Width, .
,
,
, WPF.
.
WPF, .

,
.
(
) ,
.
/ .
,
WPF. WPF DispatcherTimer,
.
Interval, Tick.
Windows-
, .
,
WPF.
,
,
Rendering System.Windows.Media.CompositionTarget.
,
. ( ,
enterFrame Adobe Flash,
.)
Rendering
,
, ,
, , .
,
.
677

. Rendering
(
),
. WPF ,
-
. Rendering ,
. Rendering
.

DispatcherTimer .NET
DispatcherTimer ,
System.Threading.Timer System.Timers.Timer, ,
DispatcherTimer
. WPF- ,
UIElement ,
.

Dispatcher. :
void Callback(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// DoTheRealWork :
this.Dispatcher.Invoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal,
new TimerDispatcherDelegate(DoTheRealWork));
}
Dispatcher.Invoke .
, Dispatcher.BeginInvoke.
DispatcherTimer :
void Callback(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//
}
DispatcherTimer
DispatcherPriority, Background, Dispat
cherTimer DispatcherPriority.

CompositionTarget.Rendering
, WPF
.
System.Windows.Media.Animation ,
678
17.
.
, ,
.
:
.
WPF ,
,
DispatcherTimer Rendering.
,
. WPF
,
WPF
; ! WPF
,
.
System.Windows.Media.Animation
,
. ,
, double,
DoubleAnimation.
Thickness, ThicknessAnimation. WPF
22 ; .17.1.
17.1. ,

.NET
WPF
Boolean
Thickness
Byte
Color
Char
Size
Decimal
Rect
Int16
Point
Int32
Point3D
Int64
Vector
Single
Vector3D
Double
Rotation3D
String
Matrix
Object
Quaternion
679

System.Windows.Media.Animation :
22 XXXAnimationBase
17 XXXAnimation
22 XXXAnimationUsingKeyFrames
22 XXXKeyFrameCollection
22 XXXKeyFrame
22 DiscreteXXXKeyFrame
17 LinearXXXKeyFrame
17 SplineXXXKeyFrame
17 EasingXXXKeyFrame
3 XXXAnimationUsingPath
( XXX .17.1.)
, 10
181 ! , .NET,
, :
WPF ?
, Animation<T>,
double Animation<double>,
Thickness Animation<Thickness> ..?
( ) ,
XAML2009
XAML . ,
, ,
. , Animation<T> ,
,
Animation<Window>.
, , .

, , double.
double ,
,
double.
, Width Button 50 100.

Canvas:
<Window x:Class="Window1" Title="Animation" Width="300" Height="300"
680
17.
<Canvas>
<Button x:Name="b">OK</Button>
</Canvas>
</Window>
Width 50 100
DoubleAnimation:
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
public partial class Window1 : Window
{
public Window1()
{
//
DoubleAnimation a = new DoubleAnimation();
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
//
b.BeginAnimation(Button.WidthProperty, a);
}
}
DoubleAnimation
double double. BeginAnima
tion Button,
Width . ,
, 50 100
.
From To ,
.
.
, Completed, ,
.

, double
. (
!)
, Width 55
0,1 (5% , ), 75
0,5 (50% ) ..
681
,
, ,
.
.17.1 . ( , Boolean
String, .)
,
, . .
,
Visibility,
Hidden Visible .
Opacity double, 0 1.
, , Grid,
,
Grid.Column Int32Animation,
.
TranslateTransform RenderTrans
form, X ( double)
DoubleAnimation.
Width Grid (
: , ,
, Visual Studio 5
) , ColumnDefi
nition.Width GridLength,
. MinWidth
/ MaxWidth ColumnDefinition, double,
Width Auto,
, Width .

BeginAnimation. BeginAnimation

. ,
, Height
Window Width :
this.BeginAnimation(Window.HeightProperty, a);
.17.1. (
, ,
,
,
Expander.
.)
682
17.
(Value = 50)
(Value = 75)
(Value = 100)
.17.1. DoubleAnimation
50 100

Doub
leAnimation 1 ,
Duration:
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
a.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.Parse("0:0:5"));
, Duration TimeSpan !
TimeSpan.Parse, Duration
XAML, ,
.::._
. . "2"
2 , 2 ! "2.5" 2 5 ! "0:2"
2 . , , ,
, ::
::._. , 2
"0:0:2", "0:0:0.5" "0:0:.5".
683
.17.1 5 . Dura
tion TimeSpan, .NET
Framework .
TimeSpan.Parse
.::._.

Duration TimeSpan
, WPF Duration
TimeSpan, , Duration ,
TimeSpan: Duration.Automatic Duration.
Forever.
, Storyboard (. ).
Automatic Duration
, TimeSpan 1 .
Forever , DoubleAnimation,

. WPF
!
From To
.17.1 Width
Height 50 100, 50
. ,
. BeginAnimation
, .
, To Width/Height
50,
ActualWidth Button 100,
ActualHeight Window 100. , .
From . ,
, .
, ,
:
// : a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
, , Width
(, "OK",
) 100 5 .
AnimationException :
684
17.
'System.Windows.Media.Animation.DoubleAnimation' cannot use default

origin value of 'NaN'.
Width ,
NaN. NaN 100!
, ActualWidth (
, NaN) Width ,
.
, -
Width . :

<Button x:Name="b" Width="20">OK</Button>
Window .17.1 From,

, Height
300. ,
20 100, 300 100!
, Width 100,
100.
From ,
.
, 50 100
,
50. From ,
,
, . ,
MouseEnter MouseLeave,
, From ,
,
.
To !
, 50 20
( ) 5 :
a.From = 50;
// : a.To = 100;
By,
To. 100 ( 150),
100:
685

a.From = 50;
a.By = 100; // a.To = 50 + 100;
By From :
100 .
a.By = 100; // a.To = currentValue + 100;

:
a.By = -100; // a.To = currentValue - 100;

: From, To,
Duration, By. ,
.
By, -
, ,
. ,
XAML.
BeginTime
,
BeginAnimation, ,
BeginTime TimeSpan:
// 5 :
a.BeginTime = TimeSpan.Parse("0:0:5");
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
,
. BeginTime
:
// :
a.BeginTime = TimeSpan.Parse("-0:0:2.5");
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
, 2,5
( 2,5
686
17.
). , From 75, To 100,

Duration 2,5 .
, BeginTime Nullable<TimeSpan>, Duration,
Duration
. ( BeginTime Forever?!)
TimeSpan.Parse,
, TimeSpan (, , ,
XAML).
TimeSpan, FromSeconds
FromMilliseconds.
SpeedRatio
SpeedRatio , Duration.
1, double,
0:
a.BeginTime = TimeSpan.Parse("0:0:5");
// :
a.SpeedRatio = 2;
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
, 1, , 1
. SpeedRatio BeginTime;
5- , 50 100
2,5 5.
AutoReverse
AutoReverse true,
.
, . ,
50 100 5 100 50 5 :
a.AutoReverse = true;
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
SpeedRatio .
SpeedRatio = 2,
5 , SpeedRatio = 0.5, 20 .
687
, , BeginTime,
;
.
RepeatBehavior
RepeatBehavior :

,

RepeatBehavior double:
// :
a.RepeatBehavior = new RepeatBehavior(2);
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
AutoReverse true, .
20
: 50 100 50 100 50. BeginTime ,
. double,
.
, Repeat
Behavior RepeatBehavior.Forever:
a.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;
,
RepeatBehavior TimeSpan, double.
:
// :
a.RepeatBehavior = new RepeatBehavior(TimeSpan.Parse("0:0:20"));
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;
20 ,
AutoReverse true. , SpeedRatio
688
17.
TimeSpan, RepeatBehavior,
; SpeedRatio = 2,
20 .
RepeatBehavior
, ,
TimeSpan , .
50 75 2,5 :
// :
a.RepeatBehavior = new RepeatBehavior(TimeSpan.Parse("0:0:2.5"));
a.From = 50;
a.To = 100;

,
BeginTime, SpeedRatio, AutoReverse RepeatBehavior,
, .
Duration !

:
= BeginTime +

Duration * (AutoReverse ? 2 : 1)
* RepeatBehavior
SpeedRatio
, RepeatBehavior
double (
1). RepeatBehavior TimeSpan,

RepeatBehavior BeginTime.
AccelerationRatio, DecelerationRatio EasingFunction

.
25% , , , 25%
. AccelerationRatio DecelerationRatio
.
, ,
.
double 0 1
( 0). AccelerationRatio
,
. DecelerationRatio
689
,
.
, (100%).
. 17.2 , AccelerationRatio
DecelerationRatio .
AccelerationRatio = 1
AccelerationRatio = 0.33
AccelerationRatio = 0.33, DecelerationRatio = 0.33
.17.2. AccelerationRatio DecelerationRatio

WPF4 EasingFunction,
, IEas
ingFunction.
. WPF 11 , IEas
ingFunction, (
, ).
. .
IsAdditive IsCumulative
IsAdditive true, (
) From To
.
RepeatBehavior, ,
. , ,
, , ,
.
690
17.
IsCumulative IsAdditive, RepeatBeha

vior ( RepeatBehavior). , RepeatBehavior
50 100, 50 100,
50, 100, 50
100. IsCumulative true,
50 200.
AutoReverse true,
, : 50 100 50
100 150 100 150 200 150.
FillBehavior
, ,
, , -
. , , ,
,
FillBehavior Stop (
HoldEnd).
XAML-
,
XAML-. :
<DoubleAnimation From="50" To="100" Duration="0:0:5" AutoReverse="True"/>
?
,
BeginAnimation.
,
, .
, , WPF
XAML. ,
, Setter, .
,
,
.
.

3 WPF , (
EventTrigger)
. Ro
utedEvent, (
, TriggerAction) Actions.
, DoubleAnimation, ,
Actions .
XAML-
691
Storyboard (
), BeginStoryboard.
, DoubleAnima
tion , ,
:
<Button>
OK
<Button.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Button.Click">
<EventTrigger.Actions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard TargetProperty="Width">
<DoubleAnimation From="50" To="100"
Duration="0:0:5" AutoReverse="True"/>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger.Actions>
</EventTrigger>
</Button.Triggers>
</Button>
, BeginAnimation
: Storyboard TargetProperty
, , BeginSto
ryboard , Storyboard .
, BeginStoryboard , WPF
, TriggerAction.
,
BeginStoryboard
, , .. ( PauseStoryboard,
SeekStoryboard ..)
XAML , Storyboard.

XAML- TargetProperty Story
board (Width) .
TargetProperty PropertyPath, ,
( ),
.
Button, Background
- LinearGradientBrush
692
17.
GradientStop. ColorAnimation,
Color . (
, Color
,
ScA, ScR, ScB ScG, ColorAnimation
, DoubleAnimation .)
- Storyboard
TargetProperty:
<Button Padding="30">
OK
<Button.Background>
<GradientStop Color="Black" Offset="0.5"/>
<Button.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Button.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard TargetProperty="Background.GradientStops[1].Color">
<ColorAnimation From="Black" To="White" Duration="0:0:2"
AutoReverse="True" RepeatBehavior="Forever"/>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Button.Triggers>
</Button>
TargetProperty , C#
, .
, Background
, GradientStops, ,

Color Color.
, . ,
, ,
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.17.3. -
XAML-
693
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GradientStops[1].Offset ,
.
Color Offset Loaded,
BeginStoryboard:
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<Storyboard TargetProperty="Background.GradientStops[1].Color">
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard TargetProperty="Background.GradientStops[1].Offset">
<DoubleAnimation From="0" To="1" Duration="0:0:2"
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
, WPF
Storyboard. -, Storyboard
. Storyboard
Children, Timeline (
). -, TargetProperty ,
,
Storyboard! XAML-
:
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background.GradientStops[1].Color"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background.GradientStops[1].Offset"
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
,
.
, , , ,
BeginTime.
694
17.

,
, . ,
, Style -.
, TargetName Sto
ryboard. TargetProperty, TargetName
Storyboard,
.
TargetName

, :
<Grid xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
<Grid.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Grid.Loaded">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard TargetName="jim2" TargetProperty="Opacity">
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Grid.Triggers>
<Image Name="jim1" Source="jim1.gif"/>
<Image Name="jim2" Source="jim2.gif"/>
</Grid>

,
. .17.4.
Opacity = 1
Opacity = 0.5
Opacity = 0
.17.4. Opacity Image

XAML-
695
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jim2,
Grid. (, -
Image)
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XAML-
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17.1.
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="Animation">
<Window.Resources>
<Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Bottom"/>
<Setter Property="LayoutTransform">
<Setter.Value>
<ScaleTransform/>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Style.Triggers>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Button.MouseEnter">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetProperty="LayoutTransform.ScaleX"
To="2" Duration="0:0:0.25"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetProperty="LayoutTransform.ScaleY"
To="2" Duration="0:0:0.25"/>
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
<EventTrigger RoutedEvent="Button.MouseLeave">
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetProperty="LayoutTransform.ScaleX"
To="1" Duration="0:0:0.25"/>
<DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetProperty="LayoutTransform.ScaleY"
To="1" Duration="0:0:0.25"/>
696
17.
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</EventTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</Window.Resources>
<Button>1</Button>
<Button>2</Button>
<Button>3</Button>
<Button>4</Button>
<Button>5</Button>
<Button>6</Button>
<Button>7</Button>
<Button>8</Button>
</StackPanel>
</Window>
.17.5.

TargetProperty
ScaleX ScaleY .
, LayoutTransform
ScaleTransform. LayoutTransform
TransformGroup, ScaleTransform
,
LayoutTransform.Children[0].ScaleX LayoutTransform.Child
ren[0].ScaleY.

ScaleTransform / TranslateTransform
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, Width Height,
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TranslateTransform , - Can
vas.Left Canvas.Top, ,
.
XAML-
697
RepeatBehavior, Duration, ,

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