Mon Sinh

75 BI TP CHN LC CHUYN C CH DI
TRUYN BIN D CP PHN T
L THUYT C CH DI TRUYN CP PHN T ( 38 CU )

Cu 1 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hng Yn nm 2015
Trong qu trnh nhn i ADN, nguyn tc na gin on nghim ng i vi
A. mt chc ba ti bn.
B. mt n v ti bn.
C. ton phn t ADN.
D. ch ADN t bo cht.
Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quc hc Hu nm 2015
Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Trong mt chc ch Y, mch mi th nht c tng hp t 5 3, mch mi th hai c tng hp
t 3 5
B. Cc on Okazaki sau khi tng hp s gn li vi nhau thnh mt mch lin tc di tc dng ca enzim
ligase
C. Hai ADN mi c tng hp t ADN m theo nguyn tc bn bo ton
D. Mch lin tc c tng hp khi enzim ADN-polimerase di chuyn theo chiu ca cc enzim tho xon.
Cu 3 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Nguyn Tt Thnh Yn Bi nm 2015
Trong cac enzim c t bo s du ng trong c ch di truy n c p phn t
nng lin k t 2 oa n polinucltit li vi nhau?
A.Enzim thao xo n.
B.ARN polimeraza.
C.ADN polimeraza.
, loi enzim no sau y co kh

D.Ligaza.

Trong qu trnh nhn i ADN sinh vt nhn s, th t tc ng ca cc enzym l
A.Gyraza ADN polimeraza ligaza ARN polimeraza.
B.Gyraza ARN polimeraza ADN polimeraza ligaza.
C.Gyraza ADN polimeraza ARN polimeraza ligaza.
D.Gyraza ligaza ARN polimeraza ADN polimeraza.
Cu 5: thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Sn Ty nm 2015
Qu trnh t nhn i ca ADN nhn co cc c im:
(1) Din ra trong nhn, ti k trung gian ca qu trnh phn bo.
(2) Din ra theo nguyn tc b sung v nguyn tc bn bo ton.
(3) C hai mch n u lm khun tng hp mch mi.
(4) on okazaki c tng hp theo chiu 5 3
(5) Khi mt phn t ADN t nhn i 2 mch mi c tng hp u c ko di lin tc vi s
pht trin ca chc ch Y.
(6) Qua mt ln nhn i to ra hai ADN con co cu trc ging ADN m.
>> Truy cp http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh tt nht
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(7) Enzim ni ch tc ng vo 1 mch khun trong 1 n v ti bn

Phng n ng l:
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.
C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7.
D. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Cu 6 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn S phm nm2015
Cu no di y noi v hot ng ca enzim ADN plimezara trong qu trnh nhn i l ng :
A.Enzim ADN polimeraza ch di chuyn trn mch khun theo mt chiu t 3' n 5 v tng hp tng
mch mt, ht mch ny n mch khc.
,
.
B. Enzim ADN plimeraza ch di chuyn trn mch khun theo mt chiu t 5 n 3' v tng hpc 2 mch
cng mt lc.
C. Enzim ADN plimeraza ch di chuyn trn mch khun theo mt chiu t 5 n 3' v tng hp mt
mch lin tc cn mch kia tng hp gin don thnh cc on Okazaki.
D. Enzym ADN plimeraza ch di chuyn trn mch khun theo mt chiu t 3 n 5 v tng hpc 2
mch cng mt lc. .
Cu 7 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Nguyn Hu nm 2015
S kin no sau y sauy co ni dung khng ng vi qu trnh nhn i ADN t bo nhn thc?
A. Nh cc enzim tho xon, hai mch n ca phn t ADN tch dn to nn chc 3 ti bn v l ra hai
mch khun.
B. Enzim ADN - polimeraza s dng mt mch lm khun tng hp nn mch mi theo nguyn tc b
sung, trong o A lin kt vi T v ngc li; G lun lin kt vi X v ngc li.
C.V enzim ADN - polimeraza ch tng hp mch mi theo chiu 5 - 3, nn trn mch khun 5 - 3 mch
mi c tng hp lin tc, cn trn mch khun 3 - 5 mch mi c tng hp ngt qung to nn cc
on ngn ri c ni li nh enzim ni.
D. Trong mi phn t ADN c to thnh th mt mch l mi c tng hp, cn mch kia l ca ADN
ban u (nguyn tc bn bo tn).
Cu 8 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn Thi Nguyn nm 2015
Khi noi v hot ng ca cc enzim trong cc c ch di truyn cp phn t, pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Enzim AND polimeraza co kh nng tho xon v xc tc cho qu trnh nhn i ca ADN
B. Enzim ARN polimeraza co kh nng tho xon v tch 2 mch ca phn t ADN
C. Enzim ligaza c chc nng lp gip cc nucleotit t do ca mi trng vo cc on Okazaki.
D. Enzim ADN polimeraza co chc nng tng hp nucleotit u tin v m u mch mi
Cu 9 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hng Vng nm 2015
Phn t mARN s khai v mARN trng thnh c phin m t mt gen cu trc t bo Eukaryote th
loi mARN no ngn hn? Ti sao?
A. Khng c loi ARN no ngn hn v mARN l bn sao ca AND, trn o lm khun mu sinh tng hp
protein
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B. mARN trng thnh ngn hn v sau khi c tng hp,mARN s khai loi b vng khi u v vng
kt thc ca gen
C. khng c loi mARN no ngn hn v sau khi c tng hp, mARN s khai loi b vng khi u v
vng kt thc ca gen
D. mARN trng thnh ngn hn v sau khi tng hp c mARN loi b cc intron, cc on xn lin
kt li vi nhau
C ch di truyn ca virut HIV th hin s
A. ARN AND Protein
C. ARN AND ARN Protein
B. AND ARN Protein
D. AND ARN Protein Tnh trng
Cu 11 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quang Trung nm 2015

c im no sau y co qu trnh phin m m khng co qu trnh nhn i ADN
A. Co s tham gia ca enzim ARN polimeraza
B. Mch polinu c tng hp ko di theo chiu 5 3
C. S dng U lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh tng hp
D. Ch din ra trn mch gc ca tng gen ring r
Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta s dng 3 loi nucleotit cu to nn ARN tng hp mt phn t mARN
nhn to. Phn t mARN ny ch co th thc hin c dch m khi 3 loi nucleotit c s dng l:
A. 3 loi U,G,X
B. 3 loi G,A,X
C. 3 loi G,A,U
D. 3 loi U,X,A

M t no di y v qu trnh dch m l ng?
A. Qu trnh tng hp chui polipeptit ch thc s c bt u khi tARN c b ba i m l AUG lin kt
c vi b ba khi u trn mARN
B. Qu trnh dch m ch kt thc khi tARN mang mt axit quan c bit gn vo vi b ba kt thc trn
mARN
C. Qu trnh tng hp chui polipeptit ch thc s c bt u khi tARN c b ba i m l UAX lin kt
c vi b ba khi u trn mARN
D. Qu trnh dch m ch kt thc khi tARN mang b ba i m n khp vo vi b ba kt thc trn
mARN
Cu 14 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Bin Ha nm 2015
tARN vn chuyn axitamin m u co b ba i m l
A. 5UAX 3.
B. 3UAX 5.
C. 5AUG 3.
D.3AUG5

M t no di y v qu trnh dch m l ng :
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A. Qu trnh dch m ch kt thc khi tARN mang b ba i m AUU hoc AUX hoc AXU gn vo mt
b ba kt thc trn mARN.
B. Qu trnh tng hp chui protein ch thc s c bt u khi tARN co b ba i m UAX lin kt
c vi b ba khi u trn mARN.
C. Qu trnh tng hp chui protein ch thc s c bt u khi tARN co b ba i m AUG lin kt
c vi b ba khi u trn mARN.
D. Qu trnh dch m ch kt thc khi tARN trong b ba i m n khp vi b ba kt thc trn mARN
Cu 16 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn S phm nm 2015
Cho d kin v cc din bin trong qu trnh dch m:
1- S hnh thnh lin kt peptiet gia axit amin m u vi axit amin th nht
2 Ht b ca riboxom gn vi mARN ti m m u
3 tARN c anticodon l 3/ UAX 5/ ri khi riboxom
4 Ht ln ca riboxom gn vi ht b
5 Phc hp [fMet tARN] i vo v tr m m u
6 Phc hp [aa2 tARN] i vo riboxom
7 Metionin tch ri khi chui polipeptit
8 Hnh thnh lin kt peptit gia aa1 v aa2
9 Phc hp [aa1 tARN] i vo riboxom
A. 2 4 5 1 3 6 7 8
B. 2 5 4 9 1 3 6 8 7
C. 2 5 1 4 6 3 7 8
D. 2 4 1 5 3 6 8 7
Cu 17 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn i hc Vinh nm 2015

Trong qu trnh tng hp prtin, plixm co vai tr
A.Tng hiu sut tng hp prtin.
B.Gip ribxm dch chuyn trn mARN.
C.Gn cc axit amin vi nhau to thnh chui plipeptit.
D.Gn tiu phn ln vi tiu phn b to ribxm hon chnh.
Khi noi v c ch dch m sinh vt nhn thc nhn nh no sau y khng ng?
A.Qu trnh dch m din ra t bo cht.
B.Axit amin m u trong qu trnh dch m l mtinin.
C.Trong qu trnh dch m, ribxm di chuyn trn mARN theo chiu 3 5.
D.Trn mt phn t mARN, ti mt thi im co nhiu ribxm cng tham gia dch m.
Cu 19: thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn i hc Vinh nm 2015
sinh vt nhn s, iu ha hot ng gen ch yu din ra giai on
>> Truy cp v trang http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton - L Ha- Sinh- Vn- Anh tt nht
4/22
A.Sau phin m.
B.Phin m.
C.Dch m.
D.Sau dch m.

Trong mt chu k t bo kt lun ng v s nhn i ca ADN v s phin m din ra trong nhn l :
A. Co mt ln nhn i v nhiu ln phin m.
B. ty theo tng on t bo m s ln nhn i v s ln nhn i v s ln phin m co th nh nhau
hoc co th khac nhau.
C. S ln nhn i v s ln phin m bng nhau
D. S ln phin m gp nhiu ln s ln nhn i
iu ha hot ng ca gen chnh l
A.iu ha lng mARN, tARN, rARN to ra tham gia tng hp protein.
B.iu ha lng enzim to ra tham gia tng hp protein.
C.iu ha lng sn phm ca gen o c to ra.
D.iu ha lng ATP cn thit cho qu trnh tng hp protein.
Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A.Mt b ba m di truyn co th m hoa cho mt hoc mt s axit amin.
B.Sinh vt nhn thc, axit amin m u chui polipeptit s c tng hp l mtinin.
C.Trong cng mt thi im ch co mt ribxm tham gia dch m trn mt phn t mARN.
D.Khi dch m, ribxm chuyn dch theo chiu 3'5' trn phn t mARN.
Vai tr ca Lactose trong c ch i ha hot ng ca operon Lac E.coli:
A. Lin kt c hiu vi protein iu ha, khin no mt kh nng bm vo trnh t vn hnh, to iu kin
cho ARN polymerase hot ng.
B. Gn vo trnh t vn hnh Operator khi u qu trnh phin m ca operon
C. Hot hoa trnh t khi ng promoter thc hin qu trnh phin m gen iu ha
D. c ch gen iu ha v cn tr qu trnh phin m ca gen ny to ra protein iu ha.
vi khun E.coli, khi noi v hot ng ca cc gen cu trc trong Operon Lac, kt lun no sau y ng?
A. Cc gen ny co s ln nhn i bng nhau nhng s ln phin m khc nhau.
B. Cc gen ny co s ln nhn i bng nhau v s ln phin m bng nhau.
C. Cc gen ny co s ln nhn i khc nhau nhng s ln phin m bng nhau.
D. Cc gen ny co s ln nhn i khc nhau v s ln phin m khc nhau.
5/22

Khng nh chnh xc v hot ng ca Operon Lactose vi khun E.coli:
A. Khi mi trng co Lactose th phn t ng ny s lin kt vi ARN polimeroza lm cho no b bin
i cu hnh nn co th lin kt c vi vng vn hnh.
B. Khi mi trng khng co Lactose th phn t ARN plimeraza khng th lin kt c vi vng khi
ng.
C. Khi mi trng co Lactose phn t ng ny s lin kt vi phn t protein c ch lm cho no b bin
i cu hnh nn khng th lin kt c vi vng vn hnh.
D.Khi mi trng khng c Lactose th phn t prtein c ch s lin kt vi ARN plimeraza lm cho no
b bin i cu hnh nn co th lin kt c vi vng khi ng,
Cu 26 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn i hc Vinh nm 2015
Khi noi v hot ng ca operon Lac pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. ng Lactozo lm bt hot ng protein c ch bng cch mt s phn t ng bm vo protein c
ch lm cho cu trc khng gian ca protein c ch b thay i
B. Trong mt operon Lac, cc gen cu trc Z,Y,A c s ln nhn i v phin m khc nhau
C. Trong mt operon Lac, cc gen cu trc Z,Y,A c s ln nhn i v phin m bng nhau
D. Gen iu ha v cc gen cu trc Z,Y,A c s ln nhn i bng nhau
Trong c ch iu ha hot ng ca operon Lac, s kin no sau y din ra c khi mi trng co lactozo
v khi mi tng khng co lactozo?
A. Mt s phn t lactozo lin kt vi protein c ch
B. Cc gen cu trc Z, Y, A phin m to ra cc phn t mARN tng ng
C. Gen iu ha R tng hp protein c ch
D. ARN poliemeraza lin kt vi vng khi ng ca operon Lac v tin hnh phin m
Noi v hot ng ca cc gen trong nhn t bo, pht biu no sau y l chnh xc?
A. Cc gen co s ln nhn i bng nhau.
B. Cc gen co s ln phin m bng nhau.
C. Cc gen tri lun biu hin thnh kiu hnh.
D. C hai mch ca gen u co th lm khun phin m.
Pht biu no sau y chnh xc?
A.Trong qu trnh phin m, c 2 mch ca gen u c s dng lm khun tng hp phn t mARN.
B.Trong qu trnh dch m, riboxom trt trn phn t mARN theo chiu t u 3 5 ca mARN.
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C.Tnh thoi hoa ca m di truyn l hin tng mt b ba mang thng tin quy nh cu trc ca mt s
loi aa.
D.Trong mt chc ba ti bn, mch c tng hp gin on l mch co chiu 3 5 so vi chiu trt
ca enzim tho xon.
Khi noi v opron Lac vi khun E. coli, pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A.Khi mi trng co hoc khng co lactz, gen iu ha vn sn xut prtin c ch.
B.Enzim ARN plimeraza bm vo vng khi ng (P) khi ng qu trnh phin m.
C.Prtin c ch bm vo vng vn hnh (O) lm ngn cn qu trnh phin m.
D.Gen iu ha nm trong thnh phn cu trc ca opron Lac.
Trong cc c im nu di y, co bao nhiu c im co qu trnh nhn i ca ADN sinh vt nhn
thc v co qu trnh nhn i ADN ca sinh vt nhn s?
1. Co s hnh thnh cc on Okazaki.
2. Nucltit mi c tng hp s lin kt vo u 3' ca mch mi.
3. Trn mi phn t ADN co nhiu im khi u ti bn.
4. Din ra theo nguyn tc b sung v nguyn tc bn bo tn.
5. Enzim ADN plimraza khng lm nhim v tho xon phn t ADN.
6. S dng cc loi nucltit A, T, G, X, U lm nguyn liu.
Phng n ng l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 6.

sinh vt nhn thc, nguyn tc b sung gia G X, A- T v ngc li c th hin trong cu trc phn
t v qu trnh no sau y?
(1)
Phn t AND mch kp
(3)
Qu trnh phin m
(2)
Phn t tARN
(4)
Qu trnh dch m
A. (1), (3) v (4)
B. (1)
C. (1) v (2)
D. (3) v (4)

Cho cc hin tng sau:
(1): Gen iu ha ca operon Lac b t bin dn n protein c ch b bin i khng gian v mt chc
nng sinh hc
(2) t bin mt phn khi ng (vng P) ca operon Lac
(3) Gen cu trc Y b t bin dn ti protein do gen ny quy nh tng hp b mt chc nng.
(4) Vng vn hnh (vng O) ca operon Lac b t bin v khng cn kh nng gn kt vi protein c ch
7/22
(5) Vng khi ng ca gen iu ha b t bin lm thay i cu trc v khng cn kh nng gn kt vi

enzim ARN polimeraza
Trong cc trng hp trn, khi khng co ng lactozo co bao nhiu trng hp operon Lac vn thc hin
phin m?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 3

ngi, co nhiu loi protein co tui th tng i di. V d nh Hemoglobin trong t bo hng cu co th
tn ti hng thng. Tuy nhin cng co nhiu protein co tui th rt ngn, ch tn ti vi ngy, vi gi hoc
thm ch vi pht. Li ch ca cc protein co tui th ngn l g?
(1)Chng l cc protein ch c s dng mt ln
(2)Chng b phn gii nhanh cung cp nhin liu cho tng hp cc protein khc
(3)Chng cho php t bo kim sot qu trnh iu ha hot ng ca gen mc sau phin m mt cch
chnh xc v hiu qu hn
(4)Cc protein tn ti qu lu thng lm cho cc t bo b ung th
(5)Chng b phn gii nhanh cung cp nguyn liu cho tng hp cc axit nucleic khc
(6)Chng gip t bo tng hp cc cht tham gia tng hp AND
S nhn nh ng l
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 35 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Phan Bi Chu nm 2015 :
Cho cc thng tin sau, co bao nhiu thng tin noi v qu trnh dch m sinh vt nhn thc?
(1) Xy ra trong t bo cht
(2) Cn axit deoxiribonucleic trc tip lm khun.
(3) Cn ATP v cc axit amin t do
(4) Xy ra theo nguyn tc b sung v nguyn tc khun mu
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 1
Cu 36 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quang Trung nm 2015 :
Nguyn tc b sung co vai tr quan trng i vi cc c ch di truyn no ?
1. Nhn i ADN.
2. Hnh thnh mch plinucltit.
3. Phin m.
4. M xon.
5. Dch m.
6. ong xon.
Phng n ng l:
A. 1,2,4.
B. 1,3,6.
C. 1,2,5.
D. 1,3,5.

Xt cc pht biu sau y:
8/18
(1) Tnh thoi hoa ca m di truyn l hin tng mt b ba mang thng tin quy nh cu trc ca mt loi
aa
(2) Trong qu trnh nhn i DNA, mch c tng hp gin on l mch co chiu 3 5 so vi chiu
trt ca enzim tho xon
(3) Tnh ph bin ca m di truyn l hin tng mt loi aa do nhiu b khc nhau quy nh tng hp
(4) Trong qu trnh phin m, c 2 mch ca gen u c s dng lm khun tng hp phn t mARN
(5) Trong qu trnh dch m, riboxom trt trn phn t mARN theo chiu t u 3 5 ca mARN
Trong 5 pht biu trn,co bao nhiu pht biu no ng?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
Cu 38 : thi th THPT Quc gia S GD H Ch Minh nm 2015

Trong cc pht biu sau, co bao nhiu pht biu khng ng khi noi v qu trnh dch m:
(1) t bo nhn s, sau khi c tng hp foocmin Metionin c ct khi chui polipeptit.
(2) Sau khi hon tt qu trnh dch m, riboxom tch khi mARN v gi nguyn cu trc chun b cho
qu trnh dch m tip theo
(3) Trong dch m t bo nhn thc, tARN mang axit amin m u l Metionin n riboxom bt u
dch m.
(4) Tt c protein sau dch m u c ct b axit amin m u v tip tc hnh thnh cc cu trc bc cao
hn tr thnh protein co hot tnh sinh hc.
(5) Qu trnh dch m kt thc khi riboxom tip xc voi b ba kt thc UAA.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D.1
XC NH S LN NHN I V S PHN T ADN C TO RA (4 CU )
Hai gen M v N u co cu trc mch kp, t nhn i mt s ln lin tip to ra mt s gen con. S mch
n c cu to hon ton t nguyn liu mi trng trong cc gen con l 44. S ln t nhn i ca cc
gen M,N ln lt l:
A. 3 v 4 hoc 4 v 3
B. 4 v 5 hoc 5 v 4
C. 2 v 5 hoc 5 v 2
D. 2 v 4 hoc 4 v 2
Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hong Vn Th nm 2015

Phn t ADN ca mt vi khun ch cha N15 nu chuyn no sang mi trng ch co N14 th sau 10 ln phn
i lin tip co ti a bao nhiu vi khun con co cha N14?
A.1023.
B.1024.
C.2046.
D.1022.
Cu 3 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Sn Ty nm 2015

Nu nui cy mt t bo E.Coli co mt phn t ADN vng nhn ch cha N15 phong x cha nhn i
trong mi trng ch co N14, qu trnh phn chia ca vi khun to ra 512 t bo con. S phn t ADN vng
nhn ca cc E.coli co cha N14 phong x c to ra trong qu trnh trn l :
A.2. B.512.
C.256.
D.510.
Cu 4: thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quc hc Hu nm 2015

9/18
Ngi ta nui mt t bo vi khun E.coli trong mi trng cha N14 .Sau 1 th h, ngi ta chuyn sang mi
trng nui cy co cha N15 cho mi t bo phn chia 2 ln. Sau o li chuyn cc t bo c to ra
sang nui cy trong mi trng N14 chng phn chia 2 ln na. Bit rng qu trnh phn chia t bo din
ra bnh thng. S phn t ADN cha N14 + N15 c to ra ln phn chia cui cng l
A. 12
B. 20
C. 32
D. 0
Cu 5 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Bn Tre nm 2015

Ngi ta chuyn mt s phn t ADN ca vi khun Ecli ch cha N15 sang mi trng ch co N14. Tt c
cc ADN noi trn u thc hin ti bn 5 ln lin tip to c 512 phn t ADN. S phn t ADN cn cha
N15 l:
A. 5
B. 32
C. 16
D. 10
TNH S NUCLEOTIT MI TRNG CUNG CP CHO QU TRNH NHN I (8 CU )

Cu 1: (ID:92801)Gen D b t bin thnh alen d co chiu di gim 10,2 A0 v t hn 8 lin kt hidro so vi
alen D. Khi cp alen Dd nhn i lin tip ba ln th s nucleotit mi loi mi trng ni bo cung cp cho
alen d gim so vi alen D l
A. A=T=14; G=X=7
B. A=T=16; G=X=8
C. A=T=7; G=X=14
D. A=T=8; G=X=16

th, xt mt c th c co kiu gen Aa, trong o alen A v a u co chiu di bng nhau v bng 3060A0.
Alen A co 2250 lin kt hidro, alen a t hn alen A 8 lin kt hidro. Ba t bo sinh tinh ca c th ny gim
phn bnh thng to giao t. S nucleotit mi loi mi trng cung cp cho qu trnh gim phn noi trn l:
A. A=T = 6356; G = X = 6244
C. A= T = 2724; G= X = 2776
B. A= T = 2724; G = X= 2676
D. A= T = 6244; G = X = 6356
Cu 3 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Nguyn Hu nm 2015
Trn 1 mch n ca gen co co s nu loi A = 60, G=120, X= 80, T=30. Khi gen nhn i lin tip 3 ln,
mi trng cung cp s nucltit mi loi l
A. A = T= 630, G = X = 1400.
B. A = T = 180,G = X = 400
C. A = T = 90, G = X=200
D. A=T = 270, G = X = 600.

10/18
mt loi thc vt ti mt locut gen quy nh mu sc ht co alen B di 221 nm v co 1669 lin kt hidro,
alen B b t bin hnh alen b. T mt t bo cha cp gen Bb qua hai ln nguyn phn bnh thng, mi
trng ni bo cung cp cho qu trnh nhn i ca cp gen ny 1689 nucleotit loi timin v 2211
nucleotit loi xitozin. Gy a bi hoa ht cha cp gen Bb c dng t bi, s nucleotit tng loi ca gen
quy nh mu sc ht trong t bo dng t bi ny l
A. G = X = 1478; A = T = 1122
C. G = X = 1476; A = T = 1124
B. G = X = 1472; A = T = 1128
D. G = X = 1474; A = T = 1126

Mt phn t mARN di 510 nm, co A = 150, G = X = 300. Ngi ta s dng phn t ARN ny phin m
ngc thnh phn t AND mch kp. Nu dng phn t AND mch kp ny tng hp ra 16 phn t AND
mi th s nucleotit tng loi cn cung cp cho ln ti bn cui cng l:
A. A = T = 12600, G = X = 8400
C. A = T = 13500, G = X = 9600
B. A = T = 13500, G = X = 9000
D. A = T = 7200, G = X = 4800

vi khun, mt gen thc hin 3 ln phin m i hi mi trng cung cp s lng nuclotit cc loi:
A=525, U=1560, G=1269, X=858. S lng nuclotit tng loi ca gen l
A.A=T= 695, G=X= 709.
B.A = T= 709, G = X = 695.
C.A = 175, T = 520 , G = 423 , X = 286.
D.A= 520, T= 175, G= 286, X=360.

Mch 1 ca gen co A1=100;T1=200. Mch 2 co G2=300;X2=400. Bit rng mch 2 ca gen l mch khun
tin hnh phin m. Gen phin m,dch m tng hp mt chui polipeptit. Bit rng m kt thc trn
mARN l UAG, s nucleotit mi loi trong cc b ba i m ca tARN tng ng tham gia vo qu trnh
dch m trn l
A. A=100;U=200; G=300; X=400
B. A=200; U=100; G=400; X=300
C. A=199; U=99; G=300; X=399

D. A=99;U=199;G=399; X=300
Cu 8 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hong Vn Th nm 2015

Khi quan st qu trnh ti bn ca 1 phn t ADN ngi ta thy co 80 on Okazaki v 100 on mi, bit
rng kch thc cc n v ti bn u bng 51000 Ao. Mi trng ni bo cung cp tng s nultit cho
phn t ADN trn ti bn 2 ln l
A.1200000.
B.18000000.
C.24000000.
D.900000.
MI QUAN H GIA AND- ARN PROTEIN ( 12 CU )

Cu 1 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chu Vn An
Mt gen vi khun E.coli co chiu di 4080A0 v co tng hai loi nu bng 40% s nu ca gen. Khi gen
phin m to ra 1 phn t mARN cn mi trng ni bo cung cp 540G v 120A. S lng hai loi nu cn
li ca mARN l
11/18
A. 240X v 300U
B. 360X v 180U
C. 300X v 240G
D. 360U v 180X
Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Hong Vn Th

Mch 1 ca gen co A = 200, T = 100, mch 2 co G = 400, X = 300. Phn t mARN c phin m t mch
2 ca gen, tin hnh dch m tng hp mt chui polipeptit. Bit m kt thc trn mARN l UGA th s
lng A : U : G : X trn i m ca cc tARN tham gia dch m ln lt l
A. 199, 99, 300, 399.
C. 99, 199, 300, 399.
B. 200, 100, 300, 400.
D. 99, 199, 400, 299.
Cu 3 : thi th THPT Quc gia S gio dc H Ch Minh
Gen m hoa cho mt phn t protein hon chnh co 298 axit amin, mt t bin xy ra lm cho gen mt 3
cp nucleotit nhng v tr khc nhau trong cu trc gen nhng khng lin quan n b ba m khi u v
b ba m kt thc. Trong qu trnh phin m mi trng ni bo cung cp 5382 ribonucleotit t do. Hy cho
bit co bao nhiu phn t mARN c tng hp?
A. 8 mARN
B. 4 mARN
C. 6 mARN
D. 5 mARN
Cu 4 : thi th THPT Quc gia S gio dc H Ch Minh
Mt phn t mARN ca sinh vt nhn s co chiu di 0,51 m, vi t l cc loi nucleotit adenine, guanine,
xitozin ln lt l 10%,20%,20%. Ngi ta s dng phn t mARN ny lm khun tng hp nhn to
mt phn t ADN co chiu di tng ng. Tnh theo l thuyt, s lng nucleotit mi loi cn phi cung
cp cho qu trnh tng hp trn l:
A. G= X = 450; A= T = 300
C. G= X = 300; A= T = 450
B. G= X = 600; A= T = 900
D. G= X = 900; A= T = 600
Cu 5 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Sn Ty
Mt phn t mARN di 5100A0 , co Am Xm = 300, Um Gm = 200. S nucltit ca gen tng hp phn
t mARN ny l:
A. A = T = 750, G = X = 500.
C. A = T = 500, G = X = 1000.
B. A = T = 900, G = X = 500.
D. A = T = 1000, G = X = 500.
Mt phn t mARN co chiu di 2142 A0 v t l A : U : G : X = 1:2:2:4. S dng phn t mARN ny lm
khun phin m ngc tng hp nn phn t ADN mch kp. Nu phn t ADN c tng hp co chiu
di bng chiu di bng phn t ARN ny th s nucleotit mi loi ca ADN l
A. A = 140, T = 70, G = 280, X = 140.
C. A = 70, T = 140, G = 140, X = 280.
B. A = T = 420, G = X = 210.
D.A = T = 210, G = X = 420.
Mt gen co chiu di 0,408 m tng hp c mt phn t mARN co t l cc loi ribonucltit nh sau:
G/U=l/4, A/X=2/3 v tch s gia A v U bng 115200, s lng nucltit loi A ca gen l
A.480.
B. 640
C. 360.
D.720.
Cu 8 : thi th THPT Quc gia S gio dc Thanh Ha
12/18
Mt gen cu trc sinh vt nhn s, vng m hoa co 3000 nucltit. Chui plipeptit hon chnh c tng
hp t gen ny co s axit amin l:
A. 499
B. 500
C. 498
D. 497
Cu 9 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Tuyn Quang
Mt mARN s khai phin m t mt gen cu trc sinh vt nhn chun co cc vng v s nucltit tng
ng nh sau
Exon 1
60
Intron 1
55
Exon 2
60
Intron 2
66
Exon 3
60
Intron 3
78
Exon 4
60
S axit amin trong 1 phn t prtin hon chnh do mARN trn tng hp l
A. 80
B. 79
C. 78
D. 64
Cu 10 : thi th THPT Quc gia Trng THPT So Nam Qung Nam
Mt gen co chiu di 408nm. Trong qu trnh dch m tng hp nn 1 chui polipeptit co 320 axit amin.
y l gen ca nhom sinh vt no ?
A. Virut
C. Th n khun
B. Nm
D. Vi khun
Mt gen ca vi khun E.cli c 120 chu k xon, nhn i lin tip 3 ln to ra cc gen con. Mi gen con
phin m 5 ln to mARN. Tt c cc phn t mARN u tham gia dch m v mi mARN c 5 riboxom
trt qua 1 ln. S chui polipeptit c tng hp v s axit amin cn cung cp cho qu trnh dch m l
A. 200 v 80000.
C. 200 v 79800.
B. 25 v 59850.
D. 75 v 29925.
Cu 12: thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Hong Vn Th
Mt phn t m ARN tnh t m m u n m kt thc co tng s 720 nucleotit . Phn t mARN ny tin
hnh dch m co 10 riboxom trt qua mt ln
S phn t nc c gii phong trong qu trnh dch m l
A. 7190
B. 7210
C. 2380
D. 2390
CC DNG BI TP KHC (13 CU )
Cu 1: thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn S phm nm 2015
Nu trnh t nucleotit ca mch gc ca ADN l 5'-ATGXGGATTTAA-3 trnh t mch b sung s nh th
no?
A. 5'-TAXGXXTAAATT-3'
B. 3'-TTAAATXXGXAT-5'
13/18
C.5'-TTAAATXXGXAT-3'
D. 5'-AUGXGGATTTAA-3'

Trong mt phng th nghim sinh hc phn t, trnh t cc axit amin ca mt protein armadillo c xc
nh mt phn. Cc phn t tRNA c s dng trong qu trnh tng hp co anticodon sau y: 3'UAX 5' 3'
XGA5' 3' GGA5' 3' GXU 5' 3' UUU 5' 3' GGA5'
Trnht nucleotitide ADN ca chui b sung cho chui ADN m hoa cho protein armadilloI
A. 5 '-ATG-GXT-GGT-XGA - AAA-XXT-3'.
B.5 '-ATG-GXT-XXT-XGA - AAA-XXT-3
C. 5 '-ATG-GXT-GXT-XGA - AAA-GXT-3
D.5 -ATG-GGT-XXT-XGA - AAA-XGT-3
Gi s mt on mARN c trnh t cc ribnucltit nh sau :
3. AUG GAU AAA - AAG XUU AUA UAU AGX GUA UAG .5
Khi c dch m th chui plipeptit hon chnh gm bao nhiu axitamin ?
A.9.
B.7.
C.8.
D.6.
Cu 4 : thi th THPT Quc gia Trng Ng S Lin Bc Giang nm 2015

Nu mt chui polypeptit c tng hp t trnh t mARN di y, th s axit amin ca no s l bao nhiu
?
5-XGAUGUGUUUXXAAGUGAUGXAUAAAGAGUAGX-3
A. 8
B. 6
C. 5
D. 9
Trong t bo co bao nhiu loi phn t tARN mang b ba i m khc nhau?
A. 64.B.61.
C. 60.
D. 4.
Cu 6 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn L T Trng nm 2015
Mt gen co khi lng l 372600 vC, gen phin m 4 ln, mi bn phin m to ra u co 6 riboxom tham
gia dch m .mi ribxm dch m 2 lt. S lt tARN tham gia vo qu trnh dch m l:
A. 4944
B. 9936
C. 9888
D. 19872
Cu 7: thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Tin Giang nm 2015
Trong qu trnh nhn i mt phn t ADN ca t bo nhn thc ngi ta thy co 9 im khi u ti bn,
89 on Okazaki c to thnh. S lt enzim ligaza xc tc trong qu trnh trn l:
A. 155
B.105
C.101
D.147
Cu 8 : thi th Chuyn Khoa hc t nhin nm 2015
Mt gen co 3600 nucltit, co hiu s nucltit loi G vi loi nucltit khc chim 10% tng s nucltit
ca gen. S lin kt hidro b ph v khi gen nhn i 4 ln l
14/18
A. 74880.
B. 4680.
C. 70200.
D. 57600.
Cu 9 : thi th THPT Quc gia S Vnh Phc

Mt gen t nhn i to thnh 2 gen con hnh thnh nn 3800 lin kt hidro, trong o s lin kt hidro
gia cc cp GX nhiu hn s lin kt trong cc cp AT l 1000. Chiu di ca gen l :
A. 5100A0
B. 3000A0
C. 2550A0
D. 2250A0
Cu 10 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn L T Trng
Gen B co 900 nucltit loi anin, v co t l (A+T)/(G+X) = 1,5. Gen B b t bin dng thay th mt cp
G - X bng mt cp A T tr thnh alen b. Alen b nhn i 5 ln lin tip th s lin kt hydro c to
thnh ln nhn i th 4 l:
A. 53985
B. 57584
C. 28792
D. 25093
Cu 11: thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Hong Vn Th
Mt plasmid co 104 cp nucltit tin hnh t nhn i 3 ln, s lin kt cng ho tr c hnh thnh gia
cc nucltit ca ADN l:
A. 160000
B.159984.
C. 139986
D. 140000.
Trn mch 1 ca mt gen co T = 400 nucleotit v chim 25% s nucleotit ca mch. Gen ny nhn i lin
tip 3 ln, s lin kt hoa tr c hnh thnh trong c qu trnh nhn i ca gen l
A. 25600.
B. 22400.
C. 25568.
D. 22386.

Vng m ho ca gen sinh vt nhn thc co 51 on exon v intron xen k. s on exon v intron ln
lt l :
A. 25 ; 26.
B. 26 ; 25.
C. 24 ; 27.
D. 27 ;24.
15/18
P N --L THUYT C CH DI TRUYN CP PHN T

Cu 1: Li gii:
Nguyn tc na gin on ch ng vi 1 chc ba ti bn v chiu tho xon co th khc nhau gia 2 chc ba
ti bn
p n A
Cu 2 : Li gii
Pht biu khng ng l A
V ADN ch tng hp c theo chiu t 5- 3nn c hai mch u c tng hp theo chiu 5 3
p n A
Cu 3: Li gii
Enzim ni 2 on polynucleotit l enzim ligaza.
Chn D.
Cu 4:Li gii
Th t tc ng ca enzim l B
Gyraza l enzyme tho xon
ARN polimeraza tng hp on mi ARN
ADN polimeraza gn cc nucleotit t do vo trong mch khun
Ligaza. l enzyme ni vi nhau to thnh mch lin
p n B
Cu 5 : Li gii :
Cc p n ng: (1), (2), (3), (4), (6).
Qu trnh nhn i ADN din ra trong nhn pha S ca k trung gian.
Hai mch mi c tng hp theo nguyn tc b sung v nguyn tc bn bo ton ( trong hai mch mi
c tng hp th co mt mch ca phn t ADN ban u )
Mch mi v cc on okazaki u c tng hp theo chiu t 5 3
Trong 2 mch ADN, mt mch c tng hp lin tc, mt mch c tng hp gin on.
Chn B.
Cu 6: Li gii
Enzym ADN polimeraza ch di chuyn trn mch khun theo 1 chiu t 3 5 v tng hp 2 mch cng 1
lc theo chiu 5 3.
p n D
Cu 7 : Li gii:
Enzim ADN polimeraza ch dch chuyn theo chiu 3' 5', tng hp mch mi co chiu 5' 3'
=> Mch khun 3' 5': mch mi c tng hp lin tc.
Mch khun 5' 3': mch mi c tng hp gin on thnh nhng Okazaki ri c cc ligaza ni li
thnh mch lin tc .
Chn C.
Cu 8 : Li gii:
16/18
Pht biu ng l : B
A sai, enzim ADN polimelaza khng co chc nng tho xon
C sai, enzim ligaza co chc nng ni cc on Okazaki vi nhau
D sai nucleotit m u mch mi (thuc on ARN mi) do ARN polimeaza tng hp
p n B
Cu 9: Li gii
Phn t mARN s khai sinh vt nhn thc gm cc on intron khng m hoa gen v cc on exon c m
ha gen. chng nm xen k nhau
Phn t mARN trng thnh ch bao gm cc on exon mang thng tin m hoa cc axit amin , ct i cc
on intron
Phn t mARN trng thnh ngn hn
p n D
. Cu 10 : Li gii
C ch di truyn ca HIV l : ARN AND ARN Protein
V khi dng virut, HIV ch c vt cht di truyn l ARN, sau khi xm nhp vo t bo ( thng l limpho
T) , virut HIV s dng enzim phin m ngc to ra ADN, sau o on AND ny s gn vo h gen
ngi v bt h gen ngi tng hp ra ARN -> protein
p n C
Cu 11 : Li gii
Trong nhn i AND th vn co U tham gia vo qu trnh tng hp on mi ARN => loi C
C hai qu trnh u co s tham gia ca ARN polimeraza v mch mi c tng hp theo chiu 5 3
Nhn i ADN din ra trn c 2 mch ca gen, cn qu trnh phin m din ra trn mch gc ca phn t
ADN
p n D
Cu 12 :Li gii
Phn t mARN trn ch c th c dch m phn t o co b ba m u AUG bt buc phi c 3 loi
nu A,U,G
p n C
Cu 13 :Li gii
M t ng l C
Qu trnh tng hp chui polipeptit ch thc s c bt u khi tARN c b ba i m l UAX lin kt
c vi b ba khi u( AUG) trn mARN
A sai, AUG l b ba m u trn mARN, i m n trn tARN l UAX
B sai, qu trnh dch m kt thc khi riboxom tip xc vi b ba kt thc
D sai, khng c b ba i m vi cc b ba kt thc
Cu 14 :Li gii :
B 3 m u : 5AUG3 => tARN vn chuyn aa m u co b 3 i m l 3UAX5
p n B
Cu 15 : Li gii
17/18
M t ng l B
M m u l AUG b ba i m trn tARN l UAX => Qu trnh tng hp chui protein ch thc s
c bt u khi tARN co b ba i m UAX lin kt c vi b ba khi u trn mARN.
A v D sai, khng co tARN mang b ba i m n khp vi cc b ba kt thc
C sai b ba i m trn tARN m u l UAX.
p n B
Cu 16 :Li gii: p n B
Qu trnh dch m:
- Ht b ca riboxom gn vi mARN ti m m u
- Phc hp [fMet tARN] i vo v tr m m u
- Ht ln ca riboxom gn vi ht b
- Phc hp [aa1 tARN] i vo riboxom
- S hnh thnh lin kt peptiet gia axit amin m u vi axit amin th nht
- tARN c anticodon l 3/ UAX 5/ ri khi riboxom
- Phc hp [aa2 tARN] i vo riboxom
- Hnh thnh lin kt peptit gia aa1 v aa2
- Metionin tch ri khi chui polipeptit.
Chn B.
Cu 17Li gii
Polixom l h thng gm nhiu riboxom cng trt ng thi trn mARN giup tng hiu sut qu trnh tng
hp protein
p n B
Cu 18:Li gii
Trong qu dch m ribxm di chuyn trn mARN theo chiu 5 3=> C sai
p n C
Cu 19 : Li gii
sinh vt nhn s, iu ha hot ng gen ch yu din ra giai on phin m
p n C
Cu 20 :Li gii
Kt lun ng l A
Trong chu k t bo ch co 1 ln nhn i pha S , s ln phin m ph thc vo nhu cu proetin ca t bo
B sai v trong cng 1 t bo th s ln nhn i ADN phi l nh nhau
C sai v nhn i ch co 1 ln cn phin m th nhiu ln v nhn i l phc v cho qu trnh nhn ln ca t
bo cn phin m phc v cho hot ng sng ca t bo.
D sai v ch co 1 ln nhn i, phi l s ln nhn i
p n A
Cu 21 : Li gii :
18/18
iu ha hot ng ca gen l iu ha lng sn phm ca gen o to ra

p n : C
Cu 22 :Li gii :
A : sai ( 1 b 3 ch m hoa cho 1 aa )
B : ng
C : sai ( nhiu ribxm( poliribxm) cng tham gia qu trnh dch m )
D: sai (ribxm chuyn dch theo chiu 53)
p n :B
Cu 23 : Li gii:
Vai tr ca lactose l lin kt c hiu vi protein iu ha, khin no mt kh nng bm vo trnh t vn
hnh, to iu kin cho ARN polymerase hot ng
p n A
Cu 24 : Li gii:
vi khun E.coli, do cu trc gen khng phn mnh, mARN to ra c s dng ngay, khng tri qu trnh
hon thin => s ln nhn i bng nhau v s ln phin m bng nhau.
Chn B.
Cu 25 : Li gii
i vi Operon Lac : Khi mi trng co Lactose phn t ng ny s lin kt vi phn t protein c
ch lm cho no b bin i cu hnh nn khng th lin kt c vi vng vn hnh v qu trnh phin
m vn xy ra bnh thng
p n C
Cu 26 :Li gii
Trong mt operon Lac, cc gen cu trc Z,Y,A nhn i v phin m cng nhau nn co s ln nhn i v
phin m ging nhau.
B sai
Chn B.
Cu 27 : p n C
Khi mi trng co lactozo hay khng co lactozo th gen iu ha vn tng hp protein c ch.
Chn C.
Cu 28: Li gii
Pht biu chnh xc l : cc gen co s ln nhn i bng nhau do cc gen nm trn cc NST, cho qu trnh
nguyn phn xy ra mt cch bnh thng th cc NST phi nhn i mt cch ging nhau
p n A
Cu 29:Li gii
Pht biu chnh xc l D
A sai v ch mch khun ( 3 5) mi c s dng lm khun tng hp mARN
B sai, riboxom trt trn mARN theo chiu 5 3
19/18
C sai, tnh thoi hoa ca m di truyn l hin tng nhiu b ba cng m hoa 1 acidamin
p n D
Cu 30:Li gii
Pht biu khng ng l D.
Gen iu ha khng nm trong thnh phn cu trc Operon Lac m no co th nm v tr khc trong h gen
p n D
Cu 31 : Li gii:
3 sai . Trong sinh vt nhn s th co mt im khi u ti bn cn sinh vt nhn thc co nhiu im khi
u ti bn .
6 . ng v cn co giai on tng hp on mi ARN => nn cn U tng hp
Ch c 3 sai .
Chn C.
Cu 32 :Li gii:
Nguyn tc b sung G X, A- T c th hin (1)
Cc cu trc (2), (3), (4) u s dng nguyn tc b sung G-X , A-U
p n B
Cu 33 :Li gii
Cc trng hp co ng lactozo nhng operon Lac vn thc hin phin m l:
(1)Gen iu ha ca operon Lac b t bin dn n protein c ch b bin i khng gian v mt chc nng
sinh hc
(4) Vng vn hnh (vng O) ca operon Lac b t bin v khng cn kh nng gn kt vi protein c ch
(5) Vng khi ng ca gen iu ha b t bin lm thay i cu trc v khng cn kh nng gn kt vi
enzim ARN polimeraza => protein c ch khng c dch m .
p n A
Cu 34 : Li gii
Cc protein c tui th rt ngn, ch tn ti vi ngy, vi gi hoc thm ch vi pht b phn gii thnh cc
axit amin li c dng lm nguyn liu tng hp cc loi protein khc ( 2 ng )
p n A
Cu 35 : Li gii:
Cc thng tin noi v qu trnh dch m sinh vt nhn thc l (1) (3) (4)
p n C
Cu (2) sai, khun trc tip ca dch m l mARN
Cu 36 : Li gii
Nguyn tc b sung co vai tr quan trng i vi cc c ch di truyn nhn i ADN, phin m, dch m
p n D
Cu 37 : Li gii
1- sai . Tnh thoi ho th hin nhiu b ba cng m hoa mt aa
20/18
3 - sai . Tnh ph bin l tt c cc sinh vt co chung mt b ba m hoa

4- sai . ch mt mch gc3 5 c c s dng lm khun tng hp phn t mARN
5- Sai . Trong qu trnh dch m, riboxom trt trn phn t mARN theo chiu t u 5 3 ca mARN
p n D
Cu 38 : Li gii
Cc pht biu khng ng: (2), (4).
Sau hon tt dch m, 2 tiu phn ca riboxom tch ra v tch khi mARN.
4 sai . Khi qu trnh dch m hon tt chui polipeptit ( khng phi protein ) ct b axit amin m u
tip tc hnh thnh nn cc cu trc bc cao hn
Chn A.
P N - XC NH S LN NHN I V S PHN T ADN C TO RA (4 CU )
Cu 1 :Li gii
S mch trong hai gen M v N l : 44 + 2 + 2 = 48 mch n
S gen con c to ra t hai gen M v N l : 48 : 2 = 24
Ta c :
Gi x l s ln nhn i ca M v y l s ln nhn i ca N th ta co
2x + 2y = 24 => x = 4 v y = 3 hoc x = 3 v y = 4
p n A
Cu 2 : Li gii:
S phn t AND to thnh sau 10 ln nhn i lin tip l 210 =1024.
Nhng trong s cc phn t ny co 2 phn t ADN m trong phn t co mt mch cha N14, mch kia cha
N15, s ADN cn li cha ton N14.
Vy s vi khun ti a cha N14 l 1024.
p n B
Cu 3 : Li gii
Nu nui cy trong mi trng ch co N14 => Phn chia nhn to ra 512 t bo => 512 phn t ADN =>
trong o co hai phn t cha mt mch l N14 v 1 mch N15
Vy c tt c 512 phn t .
p n : B
Cu 4 : Li gii
Sau 1 th h nui mi trng N14 cho 2 t bo u l N14
Chuyn sang N15, phn chia 2 ln cho 4 t bo ch cha N15 ( k hiu l N15+N15) v 4 t bo hn hp
(N14+N15)
Chuyn la v mi trng N14 , ln phn chia cui cng, s phn t ADN cha N14 + N15l
4 x 2 + 4 = 12
p n A
21/18
Cu 5 : Li gii
S phn t ADN cha N15 ban u:
= 16 => co 32 mch n N15.
Sau 5 ln ti bn, vn cn 32 ADN cha N15, do chng cha 1 mch N15 trong phn t.
Chn B.
P N - TNH S NUCLEOTIT MI TRNG CUNG CP CHO QU TRNH NHN I (8
CU )
Cu 1:Li gii:
S nucleotit gen D b gim:
10,2
x2=6
3,4
=> on b mt: 2A + 2G = 6; 2A + 3G = 8 => G = 2, A = 1.

S nucleotit mi trng cung cp b gim: A = T = 1 x (23 1) = 7, G = X = 2 x (23 1) = 14.
Chn C.
Cu 2 :Li gii
S nucleotit trong gen o l :
(3060 : 3.4 ) x 2 = 1800
Gen A co 1800 nucleotit v co 2250 lin kt hidro => G = X = 450 ; A = T = 450
Gen a co : 1800 nucleotit v 2242 lin kt hidro => G = X = 442 ; A = T = 458
S nucleotit loi A v T trong cc th co kiu gen Aa
G = X = 450 + 442 = 892
A = T = 450 + 458 = 908
S nucleotit mi loi mi trng cn cung cp cho 3 t bo sinh tinh cung cp cho qu trnh gim phn
ni trn l :
A = T = 908 x 3 = 2724
G = X = 892 x 3 = 2676
p n B
Cu 3 : Li gii:
Trn c 2 mch: A = T = 60 + 30 = 90, G = X = 120 + 80 = 200.
Nhn i 3 ln: mi trng cung cp: A = T = 90 x (23 1) = 630, G = X = 200 x 7 = 1400.
Chn A.
Cu 4 : Li gii:
Alen B :
Di 221 nm = 2210 A0 => Tng s nu l (2210 A0 : 3.40 x 2 = 1300 = 2A+2G
1669 lin kt Hidro 2A+3G = 1669
Vy A= T= 281 v G = X = 369
22/18
Gi s gen b co A=T = x v G = X = y
1 t bo nguyn phn 2 ln to 4 t bo con
S nu mi trng cung cp :
T = 281*3 + x*3 = 1689 =>x = 282
X = 369*3+y*3 = 2211 =>y = 368
Vy alen b co A =T = 282 v G = X = 368
a bi thnh dng t bi BBbb, s nu ca gen l :
A = T = 1126
G=X = 1474
p n D
Cu 5 : Li gii:
mARN di 510nm = 5100 A0 Tng nu l 5100 : 3.4 = 1500 nu
A=150 , G=X=300 => U = (1500- 150 300 x 2 ) = 750
Phin m ngc thnh ADN mch kp co cc loi nu :
A = T = 900
G = X = 600
Trc ln nguyn phn cui cng co 8 phn th ADN => 8 phn t mi c to ra
S nucleotit mi trng cn cung cp trong ln nguyn phn cui cng l
A = T = 900 (8) = 7200
G = X = 600 (8) = 4800
p n D
Cu 6 : Li gii :
A = K . Am = K . T gc => T gc =175
U = K . Um = K . A gc => A gc = 520
G = K . Gm = K . X gc => X gc = 423
X = K . Xm = K . G gc = > G gc = 286
A = T = A gc + T gc = 695
G = X = G gc + X gc = 709
p n : A
Cu 7 :Li gii
Theo nguyn tc b sung :
Mch 2 c A2 = T1 = 200, T2 = A1 = 100 , G2 = 300, X2 = 400
Mch 2 l mch khun, tng hp nn mARN theo nguyn tc b sung :
Agc U, Ggc X , Tgc = A , Xgc = G
Trong qu trnh dch m, b ba i m trn tARN n lin kt vi b ba m hoa trn mARN cng theo
nguyn tc b sung : A U, G X
23/18
S nucleotit mi loi trong cc b ba i m ca tARN tng ng tham gia vo qu trnh dch m trn s
ging vi s nu trn mch m gc tr i ba nu tng ng b sung vi b ba kt thc UAG l AUX
A = A2 - 1 = 199 , U = T21 = 99 , G = G2 = 300, X = X2 = 399
p n C
Cu 8 :Li gii:
Mt n v ti bn co s on mi = S on Okazaki +2
S n v ti bn ca phn t ADN ny l (100-80) : 2=10.
Mi n v ti bn co s nu l 2 x 51000 : 3,4 = 30000 nu
S nu trn phn t AND = 30000 x 10=300000
S nu mi trng cung cp cho ADN ti bn 2 ln l 300000.(22-1)=900000 nu
p n D
P N BI TP MI QUAN H GIA AND- ARN PROTEIN ( 12 CU )
Cu 1 : Li gii
Gen co chiu di : 4080A0 => Tng s nucleotit trong gen ca vi khun Ecoli l :
(4080 : 3,4)2 = 2400
Tng s nucleotit ca hai loi = 40%
=> A+ T = 40 % hoc G + X = 40%
Nu A + T = 20 % => A = T = 20 % o G = X = 30%
S nucleotit loi A trong gen l : A = T = 2400 x 0.2 = 480
S nucleotit loi G trong gen : G = X = 2400 x 0.3 = 720
Nu G + X = 40% => A = T = 30 % G = X = 20%.
S nucleotit loi G trong gen l : G = X = 2400 x 0.2 = 480
S nucleotit loi A trong gen : A = T = 2400 x 0.3 = 720
Khi mi trng ni bo cn cung cp 540G v 120A cho qu trnh phin m => 720 > G > 480
S nucleotit trong gen s co A = T = 20 % v G = X = 30%
Trong m ARN s co
A = 120 => U = 360
G = 540 => X = 180
p n D
Cu 2 : Li gii
Mch 1 ca gen co A = 200, T = 100. Do nguyn tc b sung, mch 2 s co A = 100 , T = 200
Mch 2 co A = 100 , T = 200, G = 400 , X = 300
Phn t mARN phin m t mch 2 co A = 200, U = 100, G = 300, X = 400
S lng A : U : G : X trn i m ca cc tARN tham gia dch m ln lt l
A = 99 , U = 199, G = 400, X = 299
p n D
Cu 3 : Li gii
S ribonucleotit ca phn t mARN bnh thng: (298 + 2) x 3 = 900.
Gen mt 3 cp nucleotit => mARN mt 3 ribonucleotit => cn 897 ribonu
24/18
=> s phn t mARN:

Chn C.
= 6.
Cu 4: Li gii
Ta co s loi nucleotit trong phn t mARN ca sinh vt nhn s l :
= 1500
S nucleotit cc loi trong phn t mARN l :
A = 0.1 x 1500 = 150
G = 0.2 x 1500 = 300
X = 0.2 x 1500 = 300
U = 0.5 x 1500 = 750
Ta co chiu di ca gen bng vi chiu di ca phn t AND v mARN bng nhau
=> S nucleotit trong phn t AND l :
A = T = (A + U ) = (750 + 150 ) = 900
G + X = 300 + 300 = 600
p n B
Cu 5 : Li gii
mARN co 5100 N (mARN) =( 5100 : 3,4) = 1500,
Am -Xm = 300, Um -Gm = 200
Am -Xm + Um - Gm = (Am +Um) -(Xm + Gm) = 500
A-G =500, A +G = 1500 A = T = 1000, G =X = 500.
p n D
Cu 6 : Li gii
Phn t mARN di 2142Ao => co tng s nu l 630 nu
t l A : U : G : X = 1:2:2:4
=> Vy A = 70, U = G = 140 v X = 280
Phin m ngc thnh ADN, chui ADN ny co : A= T = 70+140 = 210
G = X = 140+280 = 420
p n D
Cu 7: Li gii
0,408 m = 4080 => S ribonucleotit ca mARN:
= 1200
Ta c: 4G = U, 3A = 2X, A x U = 115200 (trn mARN) => A = 240, U = 480, G = 120, X = 360
=> gen: A = 240 + 480 = 720.
Chn D.
Cu 8 : Li gii :
Vng m ha c 3000 nucleotit
=> mARN do gen m hoa co 1500 nu (do phin m ch ly 1 mch m gc lm khun)
25/18
=> Chui polipeptit s khai do mARN ny m hoa co

1 = 499 acidamin (b ba kt thc khng m
hoa cho acidamin no c)
=> Chui polipeptit hon chnh c tng hp co 498 acidamin do ct b acidamin m u
p n C
Cu 9 : Li gii
Trn mARN trng thnh ( loi b intron, ni cc exon ) co s nucleotit l 240
Trong o co 3 nu qui nh acid amin m u metionin s b ct ra sau qu trnh dch m cng nh co 3 nu l
b ba kt thc khng qui nh bt k acid amin no
=> S lng acid amin co trong phn t protein hon chnh l : (240 3 3) : 3 = 78
=> p n C
Cu 10: Li gii
408nm = 4080
S lng nucleotit trn 1 mch:
= 1200.
S lng nucleotit trn mARN: 320 x 3 + 3 = 963, ngn hn rt nhiu so vi gen
=>ca sinh vt nhn thc (do co hot ng ct intron, ni exon).=> gen ca Nm
Chn B.
Cu 11 : Li gii
Gen co 120 chu k xon o Tng s nu trong gen l 120 x 2 = 2400
=> Trn mch m gc co 2400 : 2 = 1200 nu
=> Trn mARN cng co 1200 nu => 1200 : 3 = 400 b ba
=> S aa c cung cp cho qu trnh dch m 1 chui polipeptit l : 400 1 = 399 axit amin
Gen nhn i 3 ln to ra 23 = 8 gen con
Mi gen con phin m 5 ln, tng s mARN to ra l 8 x 5 = 40
Mi mARN co riboxom trt qua 5 ln => To ra tng cng 40 x 5 = 200 chui polipetit
=> S axit amin cn cho qu trnh dch m l 200 x 399 = 79800
=> p n C
Cu 12 : Li gii
Phn t m ARN co s b ba l 720 : 3 = 240 ( b ba)
Khi dch m , mi b ba trn mARN mang thng tin tng hp mt aa (tr b ba kt thc ) . Do o s aa cn
cung cp tng hp mt chui polipeptit l
240 - 1 = 239 ( aa)
Trong qu trnh dch m cc aa lin kt vi nhau hnh thnhchui polipeptit. Lin kt peptit c hnh
thnh gia nhom COOH ca aa ny vi gc NH2 ca aa k tip , mi lin kt peptit hnh thnh s gii phong
mt phn tnc
Mt chui peptit co 239 aa th s co s lin kt peptide l 239- 1 = 238
S phn t nc c gii phong khi co 10 riboxom trt qua l
238 x 10 = 2380
p n C
P N - CC DNG BI TP KHC
26/18
Cu 1: Li gii:
Theo nguyn tc b sung trong phn t ADN : T A ; G X.
Mch cn li: 3'-TAXGXXAAATT-5'
Chn C.
Cu 2 : Li gii:
mARN: 5' AUG-GXU-XXU-XGA-AAA-XXT 3'
=> Mch b sung ca ADN: 5 '-ATG-GXT-XXT-XGA - AAA-XXT-3
Chn B.
Cu 3 : Li gii :
3. AUG GAU AAA - AAG XUU AUA UAU AGX GUA UAG .5
i t u 5 n 3 co b ba m u l AUG , b ba kt thc l UAG
B ba m u cch b ba kt thc l 6 b ba m hoa nn chui polipeptet hon chnh s co 6 aa
p n : D
Cu 4: Li gii
Ta c
5-XG AUG- UGU- UUX- XAA- GUG- AUG- XAU- AAA- GAG- UAGX-3
m m u
m kt thc
=> Gia m m u v m kt thc co 8 b ba m hoa => Chui polypeptit c tng hp t trnh t
mARN c 8 axit amin
=> p n A
Cu 5 : Li gii
3 b ba kt thc khng co b ba i m => ch co 61 b ba i m trn t ARN
p n B
Cu 6 : Li gii
1 gen co khi lng 372600 vC <=> co tng s nu l 372600 : 300 = 1242
Gen phin m 4 ln to ra 4 mARN, mi mARN co 621 nucleotit
Mt mARN co 621 nucleotit <=> co 207 b ba, trong o co 1 b ba kt thc khng c dch m
=> S co 206 lt tARN tham gia v 1 ln dch m
4 mARN , 6 riboxom , mi riboxom dch m 2 lt
=> Tng s tARN tham gia l 4 x 6 x 2 x 206 = 9888
=> p n C
Cu 7 : Li gii
89 Okazaki => 88 lt enzim ni 89 on.
9 im khi u ti bn, mi n v ti bn co 2 mch lin tc => s lt enzim ni cc on mch lin tc:
9 x 2 1 = 17
=> S lt enzim: 88 + 17 = 105.
Chn B.
Cu 8 : Li gii
Ta c G = X v A = T nn ta c
27/18
%G % A = 10% v %G + % A = 50% => G = 30 % v A = 20%

S nucleotit loi G trong gen o l 0.30 x 3600 = 1080
S lin kt H trong mt mch l : 3600 + 1080 = 4680
S lin kt H b ph v khi gen nhn i 4 ln l : 4680 x (24 - 1 ) = 70200
p n C
Cu 9 : Li gii :
2 x (2A + 3G) = 3800; 2 x (3G 2A) = 1000 => A = 350; G = 400.
=> S nu trn 1 mch gen: A + G = 350 + 400 = 750.
=> Chiu di gen: 750 x 3,4 = 2550 A0.
Chn C.
Cu 10 : Li gii
Ta c (A+T)/(G+X) = 1,5
M A = T v G = X
=> A/G = 1,5
M A = 900
=> Vy gen B co A = T = 900 v G =X = 600
Gen B b t bin thay th 1 cp G-X bng A-T thnh alen b
=> Alen b c A= T = 901 v G = X = 599
=> S lin kt H ca alen b l 901 x 2 + 599 x3 = 3599
S lin kt H c hnh thnh ln nhn i th 4 l 3599 x 24 = 57584
p n B
Cu 11 : Li gii
Plasmid l ADN dng kp, vng
104 cp nu <=> co 104 lin kt cng hoa tr gia cc nu
Gen t nhn i 3 ln, tng s lin kt cng hoa tr c hnh thnh l :
10000 x ( 2+22+23) = 10000 x (24 2) = 140000
p n D
Cu 12 : Li gii:
Mch 1 co T1 = 400, chim 25% s nu ca mch
Tng s nu ca mch l : 400 : 0,25 = 1600
Tng s nu ca c gen l : 1600 2 = 3200
Tng s lin kt photphodieste ca gen l : 3200 2 = 3198
Gen nhn i 3 ln, tng s lin kt hoa tr c hnh thnh trong c qu trnh nhn i ca gen l
(1 + 2 + 22 ) x 3198 = (23 1)x3198 = 22386
p n D
Cu 13:Li gii :
Gi s on exon trong vng m hoa l = x
=>S on intron l = x 1
= > x + ( x 1 ) = 51 => x =26 . p n B
28/18

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75 BI TP CHN LC CHUYN C CH DI

TRUYN BIN D CP PHN T

L THUYT C CH DI TRUYN CP PHN T ( 38 CU )

, loi enzim no sau y co kh

Cu 4 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hng Yn nm 2015

>> Truy cp http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh tt nht

(7) Enzim ni ch tc ng vo 1 mch khun trong 1 n v ti bn

>> Truy cp http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh tt nht

C. ARN AND ARN Protein

B. AND ARN Protein

D. AND ARN Protein Tnh trng

Cu 11 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quang Trung nm 2015

Cu 13 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hng Vng nm 2015

Cu 15 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quc hc Hu nm 2015

>> Truy cp http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh tt nht

Cu 17 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn i hc Vinh nm 2015

Cu 20 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quc hc Hu nm 2015

Cu 25 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn S phm nm 2015

Cu 32 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn Thi Nguyn nm 2015

Phn t AND mch kp

A. (1), (3) v (4)

Cu 33 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quang Trung nm 2015

(5) Vng khi ng ca gen iu ha b t bin lm thay i cu trc v khng cn kh nng gn kt vi

Cu 34 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hng Vng nm 2015

2. Hnh thnh mch plinucltit.

Cu 37 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quang Trung nm 2015

Cu 38 : thi th THPT Quc gia S GD H Ch Minh nm 2015

Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hong Vn Th nm 2015

Cu 3 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Sn Ty nm 2015

Cu 4: thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Quc hc Hu nm 2015

Cu 5 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Bn Tre nm 2015

TNH S NUCLEOTIT MI TRNG CUNG CP CHO QU TRNH NHN I (8 CU )

Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn i hc Vinh nm 2015

D. A=T = 270, G = X = 600.

Cu 4 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn Thi Nguyn nm 2015

Cu 5 : thi th THPT Quc Gia Chuyn Thi Nguyn nm 2015

Cu 6 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Bin Ha nm 2015

B.A = T= 709, G = X = 695.

C.A = 175, T = 520 , G = 423 , X = 286.

D.A= 520, T= 175, G= 286, X=360.

Cu 7 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hng Vng nm 2015

C. A=199; U=99; G=300; X=399

Cu 8 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Hong Vn Th nm 2015

MI QUAN H GIA AND- ARN PROTEIN ( 12 CU )

Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn Hong Vn Th

>> Truy cp http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh tt nht

Cu 2 : thi th THPT Quc gia Chuyn S phm nm 2015

Cu 4 : thi th THPT Quc gia Trng Ng S Lin Bc Giang nm 2015

Cu 9 : thi th THPT Quc gia S Vnh Phc

Cu 13 : thi th THPT Quc gia chuyn Bin Ha nm 2015

>> Truy cp http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh tt nht

P N --L THUYT C CH DI TRUYN CP PHN T

iu ha hot ng ca gen l iu ha lng sn phm ca gen o to ra

3 - sai . Tnh ph bin l tt c cc sinh vt co chung mt b ba m hoa

S phn t ADN cha N15 ban u:

= 16 => co 32 mch n N15.

=> on b mt: 2A + 2G = 6; 2A + 3G = 8 => G = 2, A = 1.

=> s phn t mARN:

=> Chui polipeptit s khai do mARN ny m hoa co

%G % A = 10% v %G + % A = 50% => G = 30 % v A = 20%

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