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1. OoEZ`y H$m O_-{dH$ma

2. ^maV-{damoYr _mZ{gH$Vm H$m MbZ

3. A{^`{$ dVVm `m JmbrJbmM ?

4. {dV H$m` Ho$ ~Xbo amOZr{VH$ Mma

13

5. `m OoEZ`y Xoe Ho$ AXa AbJ Xoe h

16

6. g_mO {dkmZ {ejm H$m amOZr{VH$aU

21

7. OoEZ`y mo\o$gam| H$m hm{ZH$maH$ EpQ>{d_

30

8. OoEZ`y _| A\$Ob-nyOm H$m AW

36

9. AH$mX{_H$ dm`mVm H$m Xn`moJ

41

10. g_mYmZ na {dMma

45

OoEZ`y H$m gM

OoEZ`y H$m O_-{dH$ma

{Xr Ho$ Odmhabmb Zoh$ {d{dmb` (OoEZ`y) H$r ewAmV
hr EH$ Vah Ho$ {dMbZ `m `mV KmoQ>mbo Ho$ gmW hB Wr & BgHo$
gWmnH$m| H$r gh_{V {bE {~Zm Bgo dh $n Xo {X`m J`m, Omo _yb
n[aH$nZm go {~bwH$b {^ Wm & gZ 1960-70 dmbo XeH$m| _o B{Xam
JmYr H$r {ZH$Q>dVr ahr amO Wmna, Omo {g AH$mX{_H$ n{H$m
"go{_Zma' H$r gWmnH$-gnmXH$ ^r Wr, Zo AnZr Am_H$Wm _| Bg
H$m CoI {H$`m h &
Zoh$Or Ho$ {ZYZ Ho$ ~mX O~ B{Xam JmYr CZH$r _{V _| Hw$N>
H$aZo H$r `moOZmE ~Zm ahr Wr, Vmo EH$ {d{dmb` ^r ~ZmZo H$m gwPmd
amO Ho$ n{V amo_oe Wmna Zo hr {X`m Wm & `h 1964-65 H$r ~mV
h & amO Ho$ AZwgma, ~hV gmoM-{dMma H$a amo_oe Zo EH$ Eogo CH$>
gWmZ H$r H$nZm H$r Ohm Xoe-{dXoe go H$mba AmH$a VrZ _hrZo
go VrZ df VH$ ah|J,o Ama empV go {dMma-{d_e H$a gH|$Jo &... AVV
V` hAm {H$ X{jU {Xr _| ~ZZo dmbo {d{dmb` H$m Zm_ Odmhabmb
Zoh$ `y{Zd{gQ>r aIm OmE, Ohm ^mfm A``Z Ho$ {gdm g^r H$mog
ZmVH$moma aIo OmEJ,o Ama JwUdmm H$m `mZ aIm OmEJm & Bgo ^{d`
H$m _mS>b ~ZZm Wm ! (amO Wmna, Amb XrO B`g, n. 238) &
amO Wmna Zo OoEZ`y ~ZZo Ho$ ~rg-~mBg df ~mX AnZr
Am_H$Wm {bIr & AOr~ ~mV h {H$ Chm|Zo Bg H$m CoI jmo^ Ho$
gmW {H$`m h, {H$ Zoh$ _{V nwVH$mb` ~Zm, Ama, A\$gmog,
Odmhabmb Zoh$ {d{dmb` ^r ~Z J`m & (dhr, n. 239) & C$
H$WZ _| "JwUdmm' Ama "_mS>b' ^r ``m_H$ $n _| {bIm J`m h &
`hm n> Zhr {H$ amO Zo OoEZ`y Ho$ {V `h {dVUm `m| {XImB,
VWm Cg Ho$ ~ZZo H$m CoI ^r A\$gmog go `m| {H$`m, {H$Vw AmJo
EH$-Xmo {ddaUm| go H$maU PbH$Vm h & EH$ Vmo `h {H$ `h dh gWmZ
Zhr hmo gH$m {Og H$r H$nZm H$r JB Wr, ~pH$ EH$ ~S>r _m_ybr
MrO ^a ~Zm &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

OoEZ`y ~ZmZo Ho$ {ZU` Ho$ ~mX B{Xam JmYr OX hr YmZ_r ~Z JB & CZHo$
_wI g{Md nr. EZ. hga nwamZo _mgdmXr Wo & Chm|Zo AH$mX{_`m|, C nXm|
Ama {Z`w{$`m H$aZo dmbo nXm| na AZoH$ _mgdm{X`m| H$r {Z`w{$ H$r & Cg _|
`mo`Vm H$m ^r `mZ Zhr aIm OmVm Wm & `hm VH$ {H$ EH$ ~ma {H$gr H$r {Z`w{$
na EVamO H$aZo na hga Zo amo_eo H$mo hgr _| H$hm ^r Wm {H$ "_yI Ama _mgdmXr'
hmoZm {H$gr H$mo amOXV ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE AN>r `mo`Vm h! ~hahmb, amO Ho$ AZwgma,
hga ZmH$ar MmhZo dmbo dm_n{W`m| go {Kao ahVo Wo...Omo CZ Ho$ Xa~ma _| _mgdmXr
eXmdbr _| ~mVMrV H$aVo Wo & CZ V_m_ {Z`w{$`m| Ho$ nrN>o dgo bmoJm| H$mo WmZ
XoZo Ho$ gmW `h _gy~m ^r Wm {H$ D$na go g_mOdmXr n[adVZm| H$mo AOm_ {X`m
OmEJm & AZoH$ nwamZo _mgdmXr amO Ama amo_oe Wmna Ho$ H$Ym| na MT>H$a
AH$mX{_`m|, _mb`m|, _| nhMo Wo & amO Ho$ eXm| _|, h_ CZ H$r gr{T>`m Wo &
Bg Ho$ ~mX amO Wmna Zo 13 OwbmB 1973 H$mo AnZr S>m`ar _| OoEZ`y H$r
EH$ KQ>Zm H$m CoI {H$`m, OoEZ`y Ho$ N>mm| Zo nmWgmaWr (dmBg Mmgba) H$m
Koamd {H$`m, do {d{dmb` H$r ES>{_eZ H${_Q>r _| {V{Z{Yd H$r _mJ H$a aho
Wo & N>mm| Zo Xg KQ>o Ch| (nmWgmaWr H$mo) ~X aIm & {ZgXoh, CZ g~H$mo
{d{dmb` go {ZH$mb XoZm Mm{hE Wm, na CbQ>o ~mVMrV ew$ H$r JB & amoMH$ h
{H$ BZ n{$`m| go R>rH$ nhbo amO Zo, Cgr VmarI _|, `h {bIm h "H$mJog H$m
_wpb_ brJ Ho$ gmW AdgadmXr JR>~YZ nyar `dWm na ^mar nS>oJm Ama Bgo
_wpH$b _| S>mb XoJm & brJ B{Vhmg Ho$ {_`mH$aU H$r _mJ H$a ahr h, {H$ 1947
_| Xoe Ho$ {d^mOZ _| Cg H$r ^y{_H$m H$mo (nmR>-nwVH$m| go) hQ>m {X`m OmE Ama
gaH$ma Bg Ho$ {bE amOr hmo JB h &' (n. 359)
`h H$m_ {H$ZHo$ _m`_ go hAm, `h bopIH$m Zo Zhr {bIm & {H$Vw OoEZ`y
Ho$ Zm_r _mgdmXr B{VhmgH$mam| mam hr dh g~ _wVXr go gn {H$`m J`m, `h
OJ-Om{ha h & Bg Ho$ ~mX amO Zo OoEZ`y H$m EH$ CoI Ama {H$`m h, Omo _Z_mZr
`m KmoQ>mbo H$m gHo$V H$aVm h & `h ^r 1973 H$r hr KQ>Zm h & OoEZ`y Ho$ dmBg
Mmgba Or. nmWgmaWr Ama S>m. H$Uqgh Zo Amng _| hr V` H$aHo$ Odmhabmb
Zoh$ \$S> H$r ~hV ~S>r aH$_ C {ejm H$mo g_{nV H$a Xr, {Og _| OoEZ`y H$mo
{deof WmZ {X`m J`m & amo_oe H$mo nVm Mbm Vmo dh ^S>H$ CR>o, `m|{H$ \$S> Ho$
H$m`m] _| Bgo mW{_H$Vm Zhr Wr & Bg na jmo^ `$ H$aVo hE amO Wmna {bIVr
h {H$ Bg go nVm MbVm h {H$ `h {H$VZm n{VV hmo gH$Vm h, O~ AdY hmo (hmC
JmodoqbJ BQ> {~H$g oZ Bgo`wAg) & (n. 369) AW H$r {> go Bg H$m Xgam
AW `h hmo gH$Vm h, {H$ ~hV {ZH$Q> Ho$ bmoJ O~ JS>~S>r H$aVo h Vmo pW{V

OoEZ`y H$m gM

X`Zr` hmo OmVr h, `mZr Amn CZ Ho$ gmW H$moB H$R>moaVm Zhr H$a gH$Vo &
Bg H$ma, Wm{nV hmoZo Ho$ Mma df Ho$ AXa hr {~Zm AZw_{V {bE YZ H$m
_Z_mZm T>oa AZw{MV $n go OoEZ`y H$r Amoa _moS>m OmZo bJm & Bg na {OVZo H$S>o
eXm| ({ZH$Q> bmoJm| H$m {JS>{JS>mZm - JmodoqbJ, BgoMwAg) H$m `moJ amO Wmna
Zo {H$`m h, Cggo pW{V H$m AZw_mZ hmoVm h &
Bg H$ma, ew$ go hr OoEZ`y _m_ybr gWmZ ~Zm, Ohm _yb Co` Ama
JwUdmm H$r ~mV gm\$ ^wbm Xr JB & Cgo H$m\$r ngm {XE OmZo H$r nanam ~Z JB &
AZoH$ H$`w{ZQ>m| H$mo D$Mo nXm| na {Z`w{$ {_br & dm_nWr mo\o$gam| Zo _Oo go
C-{ejm Ho$ Zm_ na amOZr{VH$ Mmam_H$ boIZ, {ejm MbmZm ew$ H$a {X`m &
Chm|Zo _mHo$ H$m ^anya \$m`Xm CR>m`m & dJ-{hV, nmQ>r-{hV, gmo{d`V-{hV H$m
Omo _mgdmXr-bo{ZZdmXr {gmV Chm|Zo grIm Wm, Cgr H$mo do OoEZ`y Ho$ _m`_
go bmJy H$a aho Wo & V~ {d-H$`w{Z_ H$r {ZaVa C{V Ama OX hr gmar
X{Z`m _| H$`w{ZQ> amO hmoZo Ho$ AY{dmg H$m Xma Wm & do mo\o$ga dgo hr
AY{dmgr Wo, {Og H$r nw{> CZ Ho$ boIZ Ama ^mfUm| Zo H$r & BZ g~ go, C
{ejm H$r C{V H$r ~OmE {ejm H$m X`Zr` amOZr{VH$aU ^a hr hAm & BgZo
^maV H$r amOZr{V na ^r ZH$mam_H$ ^md S>mbm &
~mX _| {g amOZr{V emr aOZr H$moR>mar Zo bmoH$V na IVao na {bIVo
hE OoEZ`y H$m CoI Bgr $n _| {H$`m Wm & Q>mBg Am\$ B{S>`m (22 {gV~a
1995) _| EH$ boI _| H$moR>mar Zo {bIm, {H$ B{Xam JmYr Ho$ emgZ H$mb, 19661977 VWm 1980-84 _| dm_n{W`m| Zo Z Ho$db amOZr{V _| ~pH$ e{jH$VH$ZrH$r gWmAm|, gaH$mar Ama AY-gaH$mar g{_{V`m|, ggX H$r AX$Zr
g{_{V`m|, VWm _r{S>`m Ho$ ~S>o {hgo VWm _hdnyU AH$mX{_H$ n{H$mAm| na ^r
amOZr{VH$ ^md ~ZmZo H$m ~S>m A{^`mZ Mbm`m Omo CZ Ho$ {Z`U _| Am JE
Wo & AmpIa, Vm{bZdmXr {> _| ~m{H$-e{jH$ jo A`{YH$ _hdnyU aho h...
Bg ~rM, Xoe Yrao-Yrao gmo{d`V \$Xo _| \$gZo bJm, {OgHo$ AnZo AmX_r, emoY
gWmZ Ama AZwXmZ EO|{g`m Wr {Ohm|Zo AZoH$ ~w{Or{d`m| VWm ZmH$aemhm| H$mo
AnZr Amoa H$aZo H$m X~md S>mbm & Bg H$_ _| H$moR>mar Zo OoEZ`y, {Xr {d{dmb`
Ama AbrJT> _wpb_ {d{dmb`, VrZm| H$m CoI {H$`m &
`{X {_mopIZ A{^boIm| H$m _aU H$a|, Vmo A{YH$ n> hmoJm {H$ gmo{d`V
JwMa gWm Ho$.Or.~r. Zo ^maV _| {H$VZm {dVV gaOm_ \$bm aIm Wm & {ZgXho ,
OoEZ`y Cg go ~mha Zhr Wm &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

^maV-{damoYr _mZ{gH$Vm H$m MbZ

AV `h g`moJ Zhr {H$ OoEZ`y go AmO VH$ {H$gr M{MV
nwVH$ {bIo OmZo, H$moB Z`m emoY hmoZo, {deof A``Z, Am{dH$ma,
Ogm H$moB g_mMma gwZZo H$mo Zhr {_bm h & ~pH$ gm{h`, H$bm,
IobHy$X, aJ_M, `m Zr{V, Hy$Q>Zr{V-{Z_mU _| ^r dhm go H$moB
CoIZr` `moJXmZ Zhr {_bm & `hm VH$ {H$ dhm go H$moB OmZr-_mZr
emoY-n{H$m `m gm_m` {dV n{H$m VH$ H$m{eV Zhr hmo gH$r
{Ogo H$moB nT>Zm Amd`H$ g_Po & O~{H$ dh Xoe ^a _| H|$ gaH$ma
go {V N>m Ama {V A`mnH$ gdm{YH$ AZwXmZ nmZo dmbm
{d{dmb` h! V~ Bg {d{dmb` Zo AmO VH$ {H$`m `m h?
{H$VZr e_ZmH$ ~mV h {H$ VrZ-Mma df nhbo O~ EH$
AI~ma Ho$ gdmXXmVm Zo OoEZ`y H$r Mma XeH$ H$r CnbpY`m| Ho$
~mao _| nyN>m, Vmo dhm Ho$ EH$ ~S>o A{YH$mar H$m Cma Wm {H$ A~ VH$
{g{db g{dg _| BVZo N>m dhm go MwZo JE & do H$moB Ama CnbpY
Zhr {JZm nmE! `m Bgr{bE dh {d{dmb` ~Zm Wm {H$ dhm
{g{db g{dg H$r V`mar H$aZo `m _mAmodm{X`m|, {Ohm{X`m| VWm {d{dY
Xoemohr, {d^mOH$ Ama VahVah H$r ao{S>H$b amOZr{V~mOr Ho$
Amam_Xoh Ao> ~Z|!
dVwV `h XmoZm| ~mV| kmZ-qMVZ _| `moJXmZ H$m A^md Ama
amOZr{V~mOr EH$-Xgao H$r nyaH$ h & XmoZm| {_bH$a EH$ XMH$ ~ZmVo
h & OoEZ`y _| amOZr{VH$ EpQ>{d_ H$jm go ~mha Zhr, g_mO
{dkmZ Ama _mZ{dH$r {df`m| Ho$ {gbo~g Ama nmR>gyMr _| ^r h &
`hr H$maU h {H$ dhm ha Vah Ho$ ao{S>H${b_ H$mo \$maZ O_rZ {_b
OmVr h & V^r Ho$db {d{M `m ^maV-{damoYr amOZr{V Ho$ g_mMmam|
go hr OoEZ`y MMm _| AmVm h & ggX na h_bm H$aZo dmbo {OhmXr
AmVH$dmXr _wh_X A\$Ob H$mo hramo ~ZmZm Cgr nanam H$r ZB H$S>r

OoEZ`y H$m gM

h & Bg go nhbo bmoH$g^m MwZmd Ho$ XmamZ

g_mMma AmE Wo {H$ OoEZ`y go N>m Ama
mo\o$ga Xb ~ZmH$a ~Zmag _| Za| _moXr Ho$
{d Mma H$aZo JE Wo & `h {H$g H$ma
H$r J{V{d{Y h?
OoEZ`y go m` g_mO{damoYr/Xoemohr
g_mMma AmVo h & Ogo, Bg go nhbo
g_mMma Am`m Wm {H$ Hw$N> N>mm| Zo gm_y{hH$
$n go Jmo_mg ^jU g_mamoh Am`mo{OV
{H$`m & Cg go nhbo dhm EH$ ~ma H$ma{Jb
`w bS>Zo dmbo ^maVr` g{ZH$m| H$mo Bg{bE
nrQ>m J`m `m|{H$ Chm|Zo dhm EH$ _wem`ao _|
Mb ahr ^maVqZXm H$m {damoY {H$`m & do
g{ZH$ dhm {H$gr go {_bZo JE Wo, O~ _wem`am Mb ahm Wm & `h V~ H$r ~mV
h, O~ H$ma{Jb `w hE EH$ gmb hr hAm Wm & Xoe H$r dh qZXm gwZH$a g{ZH$m|
H$mo XI hAm, Chm|Zo {damoY {H$`m Ama nrQ>o JE & Bgr Vah, Hw$N> nhbo XVodmS>m
_| _mAmodm{X`m| mam gma gwajm-~b OdmZm| H$r EH$_wV h`m H$m g_mMma Am`m,
Vmo OoEZ`y _| OZ _Zm`m J`m & EH$ ~ma _mohmbr Ho$ ^maV-nm{H$VmZ {H$Ho$Q>
_M Ho$ XmamZ OoEZ`y _| ^maV Ho$ {d Zmao bJmE JE & _M _| ^maV H$r OrV
na Iwer _ZmZo dmbm| na h_bm {H$`m J`m & EH$ A` gJ _|, AemoH$V^ dmbm
am>r`{Mh OyVo Ho$ ZrMo _gbo OmVo nmoQ>a bJmE JE & XJmnyOm Ho$ Adga na
"_{hfmgwa {Xdg' _Zm`m J`m, {Og _| Xodr XJm Ho$ ~mao _| Aemo^Zr` ~mV| H$hr
JB & _{hfmgwa H$mo X{bV ~VmH$a X{bV N>mm| H$mo {hX{damoYr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE `h
{d{M H$_H$mS> {H$`m J`m & Am{X, Am{X &
C$ g^r KQ>ZmAm| _| EH$ hr gy g_mZ h ^maV Ho$ {V KUm Ama {hXY_
H$m {damoY & `m `h gm_m` ^md h AWdm A{^`{$ dVVm h, {Og na H$moB
{deof {MVm Zhr H$aZr Mm{hE?

OoEZ`y H$m gM

A{^`{$ dVVm `m JmbrJbmM ?

`h A{^`{$ dVVm H$m _m_bm Zhr, ~pH$ EH$Va\$m
O~XVr h & Zhr Vmo CZ g{ZH$m| H$mo nrQ>m Zhr OmVm & dVwV OoEZ`y
_| ha Vah Ho$, Xoer-{dXoer, ^maVqZXH$m| H$mo hr g_mZnydH$ _M
{_bVm ahm h & O~{H$ Xgar Amoa, Xoe Ho$ Jh _r (nr. {MX~a_)
H$mo ~mobZo Zhr {X`m OmVm & `hm VH$ {H$ CZ Ho$ AmJ_Z Ho$ Vmd
Ho$ {d AmXmobZ hmoVm h! `h H$moB AndmX `m ZB ~mV Zhr & N>mrg
df nhbo, dhm Xoe Ho$ YmZ_r (BpXam JmYr) H$mo ^r ~mobZo Zhr
{X`m J`m Wm & dgm H$aZo dmbo H$`w{ZQ> N>m hr Wo & O~{H$ Cgr
g_` bo{ZZ, Vm{bZ, _mAmo Ama `m{ga Aam\$mV Ogm| Ho$ {bE OoEZ`y
Ho$ AZoH$ mo\o$ga Ama N>m {_bH$a Amh| ^am H$aVo Wo & Cg g_`
{OZ N>mm| Zo B{Xam JmYr H$mo OoEZ`y H$ng AmZo go amoH$m, CZ _| H$B
AmO dhm mo\o$ga {Z`w$ h!
AV OoEZ`y _| ^maV{damoYr, {hX{damoYr amOZr{V H$moB
A{^`{$ dVVm H$m _m_bm Zhr & `m|{H$ dhm Xoe^$ dam| H$mo
dhr A{^`{$ A{YH$ma Zhr {_bVo! dm_r am_Xod Ama gw~`_
dm_r H$m dhm dmJV Zhr {H$`m OmVm, O~ {H$ XmoZm| hr AnZoAnZo jo _| kmZ-gn h & gmW hr CZ H$r Xoegodm A{V_ h &
{H$Vw CZ Ho$ OoEZ`y AmJ_Z Ho$ g_mMma na dhr N>m gJR>Z AmXmobZ
Ama Y_H$r H$m `moJ H$aVo h & EH$ ~ma AU emar Ho$ `m`mZ _|
dm_nWr N>mm| Zo g^m _| emar Ho$ {V CmoOH$ Ama Jmbr-JbmO H$r
^mfm H$m `moJ H$a Ch| ~mobZo go amoH$Zo H$r H$mo{ee H$r & BYa hmb
_|, EH$ go{_Zma _| `moJo `mXd Ho$ {d BVZm emoaeam~m {H$`m J`m
{H$ Ch| AnZr ~mV Kw_m-{\$amH$a dmng boZr nS>r & ~mV `m Wr?
{g\$ `h {H$ `mXd Zo H$_ra Ho$ ^maVr` _w`Ymam _| OwS>Zo H$m gHo$V
{H$`m Wm Ama Bg na Iwer Om{ha H$r Wr &
Bg{bE, OoEZ`y _| dm_nWr N>m gJR>Zm| `m mo\o$gam| mam A^r

10

OoEZ`y H$m gM

A{^`{$ dVVm H$r XhmB XoZm Xmohar YyVVm h & do d` Xgam| H$mo A{^`{$
H$r dVVm Zhr XoZm MmhVo & H$^r OmoaO~XVr, Vmo H$^r JmbrJbmM H$a {^
{dMma dmbm| H$mo ~mobZo XoZo `m OoEZ`y AmZo go hr amoH$Vo aho h & Bg{bE, `h A^r
do A{^`{$ dVVm H$m VH$ Ho$db AnZr Xoemohr, g_mO{dKQ>ZH$mar H$aVyVm|
Ho$ ~Mmd Ho$ {bE Xo aho h & CZ H$m AmO VH$ H$moB [aH$mS> Zhr {H$ OoEZ`y _|
{H$gr _wo na g^r {dMmam| Ho$ {d{^ {dmZm| H$mo {Z_{V H$a|, Ama g~ H$mo gwZ
H$a AnZr OmZH$mar, g_P ~T>mE & `h Ho$db Jmo>r, go{_Zma hr Zhr, d` nmR>H$_,
nmR>-gyMr Am{X _| ^r {H$`m J`m h & {df` Ho$ {bE {H$VZm ^r _hdnyU `m| Z
hmo, {H$gr {dnarV {dMma Ho$ {dmZ H$mo do nwVH$-gyMr _| ^r em{_b Zhr H$aVo,
Ch| nT>Zm-nT>Zm Vmo Xa ahm & `h grYo-grYo AZOmZ N>mm| H$mo AnZo _VdmX _|
\$mgZo H$m VarH$m h, {ejm Zhr &
CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, gd{d{XV h {H$ A`mo`m _| _{Xa-_pOX {ddmX _| OoEZ`y
B{VhmgH$mam| Zo g{H$` {M br Wr & Bg {df` na, VWm "gmXm{`H$Vm ~Zm_
go`yb[a_' na do b~o g_` go ~hg, Mma, Am{X MbmVo aho h & {H$Vw BZ go
g~{ YV {df` na CZ Ho$ mam ~ZmE JE nmR>-H$_m| Ama nwVH$-gy{M`m| _| grVmam_
Jmo`b `m H$moEZamS> EQ> H$r EH$ ^r nwVH$ H$m CoI Zhr h & Z B{Vhmg, Z
amOZr{V em g~Yr gy{M`m| _| & O~ {H$ XmoZm| {d-{g {dmZ h, {OZ Ho$
boIZ H$m hmdS> {d{dmb`, Ogo CH$> gWmZm| Ho$ {dmZm| Zo ^r Cn`moJ {H$`m
h & _{Xa-_pOX dmbo {df` na grVmam_ Jmo`b H$r "{hX Q>ong mQ> hnoS>
Qw> Xo_?' (Xmo IS>) _m{bH$ JW h & V~ _{Xa-{ddmX na hr nT>mVo, {bIVo, ^mfU
XoVo OoEZ`y mo\o$gam| Zo BZ nwVH$m| H$mo `m| bw aIm? Ho$db Bg{bE, `m|{H$
BZ Ho$ V` Ama {ZH$f m_m{UH$ hmoVo hE ^r BZ mo\o$gam| H$r Mma-bmBZ go
{^ h & Bg H$ma, OoEZ`y Ho$ N>mm| Zo A{^`{$ dVVm H$mo EH$ _VdmXr,
VmZmemhr, EH$Va\$m Mma _| ~XbZo H$r H$bm AnZo mo\o$gam| go hr grIr h &
XmoZm| Zo g^r dm_nWr gJR>Zm| Ho$ gmW {_b H$a go A``Z, emoY Ama {dMma{d_e H$mo Hw${R>V, nJw Ama {dH$V ~ZmZo H$m hr H$m_ {H$`m h & CZHo$ oaH$ _w`V
nwamZo H$`w{ZQ> ZoVm aho h, {Ohm|Zo EH$ gnyU Jmbr-em H$r aMZm H$r h &
g^r OmZVo h {H$ `{X Amn {^ {dMma dmbo H$mo Jmbr X|Jo, Vmo {d_e Ag^d hmo
OmVm h & `h XmoVa\$m A{^`{$ Ed gdmX amoH$Zo, VWm Ho$db AnZr _Z_mZr
MbmZo H$m nwamZm A h &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

11

AV A^r OoEZ`y Ho$ dm_nWr N>m Ama mo\o$ga ~ma~ma _mohZamd ^mJdV,
Za| _moXr, dm_r am_Xod, gw~`_ dm_r Ogo {V{>V Xoe^$m|, g_mOgo{d`m|
H$mo gmXm{`H$, \$m{gQ>, {~H$m hAm, {hX ~H$dmXr, Am{X H$hVo h Vmo `h ZB
~mV Zhr & `h Vmo Cgr bm{gH$ H$`w{ZQ> nanam H$r AQy>Q> H$S>r h, {Og _|
_hm_m JmYr H$mo 'AJoOm| H$m Xbmb', nyOrdmX H$m YyV JwS>m, K{UV Jma, Am{X
H$hm J`m Wm & adrZmW Q>Jmoa H$mo do`mAm| H$m Xbmb , Zoh$ H$mo 'A_o[aH$r
gm_m`dmX H$m XmS>Vm Hw$mm', gw^mf M ~mog H$mo (OmnmZr VmZmemh) VmoOmo H$m
Hw$mm H$hm J`m Wm & `h g~ H$hZo dmbo ~S>o H$`w{ZQ> ZoVm Wo, Omo dV_mZ OoEZ`y
N>m gK A`j Ho$ gJR>Z Ho$ hr oaH$-{dMmaH$m| _| h &
Cg O_mZo _| H$`w{ZQ> nmQ>r Ho$ ~Jbm _m{gH$ "n[aM`' Zo EH$ H${dVm _|
{bIm {H$ "Zoh$ Ama nQ>ob, XmoZm| `mbm gwAmaoa ~mm, {~S>bm Q>mQ>ma OmamoO
emoVmZ' AWmV "`o gmbo gyAa Ho$ ~o {~S>bm-Q>mQ>m H$r AdY gVmZ h &' Cgr
d{m Ho$ AZw$n H$B OoEZ`y mo\o$gam| Zo ~S>o-~S>o {dmZm|, Ogo OXZmW gaH$ma,
a_oeM _Ow_Xma, H${d Ako`, Y_dra ^maVr, Am{X Ho$ {bE Jmbr-JbmO H$m
hr Cn`moJ {H$`m h & AV OoEZ`y N>mm|, mo\o$gam| mam AmO {hX gJR>Zm|, gVm|

12

OoEZ`y H$m gM

Ama ZoVmAm| H$mo \$m{gQ>, Ag`, _yI Am{X H$hZm Cgr K{UV nanam _| h &
Cgr nanam _| _Zw_{V ObmZm, ~mUm| H$mo Jm{b`m XoZm, Jmo_mg ^jU
g_mamoh Am`mo{OV H$aZm, _{hfmgwa {Xdg _ZmZm, VWm Xodr XJm Ho$ {bE JXo AneX
H$hZm EH$ {~bHw$b Z`m A`m` h! Jmbr-JbmO Ho$ `o ZE {ZemZo hmb _| MM{_eZar oaUm go ew$ hE h & `h dV_mZ A`m` h, Bg{bE Bg H$r naI H$moB
d` H$a gH$Vm h & {Og ^r n-n{H$m `m Am`moOZ _| `h H|$r` {~X hmo,
Cg _| H$hr Z H$hr MM-{_eZar gJR>Zm| H$m gh`moJ ahVm h & D$na go AH$mX{_H$
b~mXo _| `h XaAgb {dKQ>ZH$mar amOZr{V h, {Og na bJmVma ZOa aIH$a
nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h & Bg H$ma, EH$ Amoa Bbm_r {OhmXr VWm Xgar Amoa
MM-{_eZar, XmoZm| H$ma Ho$ {hX-o{f`m| H$r Hw${Q>b aUZr{V H$m h{W`ma OoE`y
Ho$ dm_nWr N>m d mo\o$ga ~Z JE h & `mZ Bg na XoZm Mm{hE & OmM BgH$r
hmoZr Mm{hE & `m _Zw_{V ObmZm Ama ~mV-~mV _| ~mUm| Ho$ {V KUm `$
H$aZm A{^`{$ dVVm h? `m Bg Ho$ nrN>o {H$gr {dMma-{d_e H$r ^mdZm h
? gm\$ XoIm Om gH$Vm h {H$ Eogo ^S>H$mD$ H$m_ g_mO _| bmoJm| H$mo EH$-Xgao
go bS>mZo H$m BamXm aIVo h & gM Vmo `h h {H$ Jm{b`m|, AneXm|, bmN>Zm|, CJ
~`mZ, Xoe-mohr Zmao~mOr, Am{X H$m Co` hr Hw$N> Ama h & Eogm H$aZo dmbo
^maVr` g{dYmZ mam Xr JB dVVm H$m Cn`moJ ^maV H$mo Z> H$aZo Ho$ {bE
H$a aho h &
`h CZH$r `m CZ Ho$ gyYmam| H$r gMoV Zr{V h & AV gmXm{`H$-go`yba,
X{bV-gdU, Ang`H$-~hg `H$, Am`-{dS> Ogo {damoYr ImZo ~ZmH$a bmoJm|
H$mo EH$-Xgao Ho$ {V of aIZo Ho$ {bE o[aV {H$`m OmVm h & `h g~ A{^`{$
dVVm H$r AmS> _| {H$`m OmVm h, {H$Vw dmV{dH$ _m_bm Hw$N> Ama h & `h
OoEZ`y VWm H$B Xgao {d{dmb`m|, AH$mX{_H$ gWmAm| _| Mbm`m Om ahm EH$
gJ{R>V AH$mX{_H$-amOZr{VH$ fS>` h, Omo b~o g_` go A~mY MbVo hE Eogr
OS> O_m MwH$m h, {H$ VwaV nhMmZm Zhr OmVm & gmar O~XVr AH$mX{_H$
dm`mVm Ho$ Zm_ na hmoVr h & {H$Vw `{X Ho$db OoEZ`y _| hr MbVr ahr g^r
dMm[aH$ J{V{d{Y`m| H$r {Znj OmM hmo, V~ nVm MboJm {H$ `m| Bgr H$ng _|
ha H$ma H$r KmVH$ amOZr{V H$mo nZmh {_br h & ImoOr nH$m[aVm ^r `h OmM
H$a gH$Vr h &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

13

{dV H$m` Ho$ ~Xbo amOZr{VH$ Mma

dVwV, dm_nWr mo\o$gam| Zo amOZr{VH$ monoJS>m H$mo OoEZ`y
_| AH$mX{_H$ nmoemH$ _| gOm H$a aI {X`m & Xoe ^a go AmZo dmbo
^mobo-^mbo, A~moY `wdm `h Zhr g_P nmVo & do g_mO-{d^mOH$,
Xoe-{damoYr, {hX-ofr monoJS>m go ^ao {gbo~g, gm{h`, Am{X H$mo
C-{ejm _mZH$a Am_gmV H$a boVo h & dhm {df-~ob \$bZo H$m
ah` `hr h! nwamZo mo\o$gam| H$m [aH$mS> ^r Bgo XemVm h & CZ
mo\o$gam| Ho$ g_aU ^r _mU h {H$ OoEZ`y H$Ma Ho$ Zm_ na do
Vm{bZ ghr Wo `m mgH$r na amV ^a MbZo dmbr ~hgm| Ho$ {gdm
Hw$N> `mX Zhr H$a nmVo &
gM Vmo `h h {H$ OoEZ`y _| {g{db g{dg AmH$m{j`m| H$mo
{_bZo dmbr bmO~md gw{dYmE Ama ao{S>H${b_ Ho$ \$eZ go H$S>dr
gMmB {N>nr ahr h {H$ CnbpY Ho$ Zm_ na CZ Zm_r mo\o$gam| Ho$
nmg ^r H$hZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Zhr & A^rA^r nwamVddomm Ho$. Ho$.
_wh_X H$r Am_H$Wm go ^r nw{> hB h {H$ OoEZ`y Ho$ _mgdmXr
B{Vhmg mo\o$gam| Zo Xoe H$r {H$VZr Jhar hm{Z H$r & CZ Ho$ hmWm|
na IyZ h Omo Chm|Zo A`mo`m {ddmX na _wgb_mZm| H$mo ~aJbmH$a
Xoe ^a _| ~hm`m &
h_mao Xoe Ho$ dmWr, AkmZr ZoVmAm| H$r Ja-{O_oXmar Ho$
H$maU `h g~ {N>nm ahm h, `m|{H$ go`yb[a_ Ho$ Zm_ na do ha
Vah H$r Xoemohr, {hX{damoYr g{H$`Vm H$mo gh`moJr ~Zm boVo h &
Bgr{bE OoEZ`y H$^r OmM-nS>Vmb H$m {df` Zhr ~ZVm & O~{H$
g_mO {dkmZ Ama _mZ{dH$r {df`m| Ho$ _X _| dhm hmoZo dmbm
AVwbZr` IM A{YH$me ZH$br `m hm{ZH$maH$ H$m`m] _| OmVm h &
A{YH$me mo\o$ga AnZo emoYm{W`m| Ho$ ZH$br H$m_ H$mo Bg{bE
Vah XoVo h {H$ dh {g{db g{dg H$r V`mar H$a aho h `m CZ Ho$
{dMmam| dmbo EpQ>Q> h & Cg {ZaWH$Vm H$mo mo\o$ga OmZ-~yPH$a

14

OoEZ`y H$m gM

ZOaAXmO H$aVo h Vm{H$ H${WV emoYm{W`m| H$mo gmb-Xa-gmb hmQ>b H$r

gw{dYm {_bVr aho! Bg H$ma, {V N>m Omo bmIm| $n`o emoY A``Z H$aZo
Ho$ Zm_ na IM hE, dh grYo Zmbo _| OmVo h & A{YH$me mo\o$gam| H$r hmbV
^r bJ^J g_mZmVa h & H$B Vmo amOZr{VH$ gaJ{_`m| _| hr A{YH$ g_` XoVo
h & Hw$N> A` ImZmnyar H$aVo h & OoEZ`y Ho$ g~ go {g B{Vhmg mo\o$ga hr
Bg Ho$ AN>o CXmhaU h & CZHo$ gnyU boIZ H$m gma-gjon Xmo-Mma n>m| _|
{bIm Om gH$Vm h & `m|{H$ CZ _| {H$gr kmZ, emoY Ho$ ~OmE amOZr{VH$ gXoe
\$bmZo H$r H|$r`Vm ahr h Omo A`V gr{_V h & gmo{d`V gK dmbr B{Vhmg
nwVH$m| H$r Vah ha ZB nwVH$ _| dhr nwamZr ~mV, `mZr H$moam monoJS>m &
OoEZ`y H$ng _| _mOyX nwVH$ XH$mZ| ^r Bg H$m AN>m _mU h {H$ dhm
Ho$db ZmH$ar H$s V`mar `m amOZr{V~mOr hmoVr h & dh gnUy V {d{dY {V`mo{JVm
narjm g~Yr ZmoQ>, Hw${OH$m `m {\$a {d{dY ao{S>H$b gm{h` go AQ>r ahVr h &
B{Vhmg, amOZr{V, gm{h`, AWem Am{X g~Yr H$meZ XoI| Vmo bJoJm `h
df 2016 Zhr, 1980 B. h! AmO ^r dhr `yamonr`, $gr, MrZr H$`w{ZQ>
nwVH$-nwpVH$mE, Ord{Z`m, nM}, Am{X ^ao hE h Omo nVrg df nhbo Wo & VmOm
n{H$mAm| _| m` {d{^
H$`w{ZQ>, ao{S>H$b JwQ>m| Ho$ H$meZ,
{OZ _| nwamZo PyR>, AkmZ Ama
B$m-X$m ZE g_mMma OmoS>H$a
{dbofU ahVm h & Chr dm_nWr
mo\o$gam|, MmaH$m| H$r b\$m{O`m
{OZ _| XeH$m| go H$moB ~Xbmd Zhr
hAm & gZH$ H$r hX VH$ dhr
XhamhQ> ~ma-~ma N>mnr OmVr h, Omo
~m{H$ {df H$r Vah ha gmb AmZo
dmbo ZE N>mm| H$mo Ny>Vr Ama ^>
H$aVr h & Bgr monoJS>m H$mo
AH$mX{_H$ A``Z H$hm OmVm h!
g_mO {dkmZ Ama gm{h`
(gmoeb gmBg VWm y_{ZQ>rO) Ho$

OoEZ`y H$m gM

15

N>m dhr {dfbr nwVH|$, nM}, n{H$mE nT>Vo h `m nT>Zo H$mo _O~ya {H$E OmVo
h & gmbmZm Xoe ^a go OoEZ`y AmZo dmbo ~oMmao ^mobo `wdmAm| Ho$ {bE qMVZ, _ZZ
hoVw `hr gr{_V, ~mgr, ^wI_am| gr ~m{H$ IwamH$ h, Omo `h dm_nWr
{d{dmb` Ch| XoVm h & Bg _| H$moB nm{>H$Vm Zhr h & H$moB Mmho ^r Vmo g_mO
{dkmZ, _mZ{dH$r {df`m| _| dhm ZE qMVZ, emoY, Am{X H$r oaUm Zhr nm gH$Vm &
OoEZ`y H$m Wm{nV dmVmdaU Bg Ho$ {ZVmV {d h & Bg AW _| dhm A{^`{$
dVVm Zhr, ~pH$ EH$ {deof H$ma Ho$ {_{lV ao{S>H${b_ H$r VmZmemhr h &
dh {^ {dMmam|, H$meZm|, A`mnH$m| H$mo ~XmV Zhr H$aVr &
Bgr{bE `h {d{dmb` C-{ejm H$r AmS> _| `wdmAm| Ho$ {bE _w`V
ZmH$ar H$r ImoO `m dm_nWr amOZr{V _| H[a`a ~ZmZo dmbm| H$m A>m ^a ahm
h & ZmH$ar H$r ImoO `hm H$m _wI go`yba H$m` h, Vmo {hX{damoYr amOZr{V
_wI _Oh~r H$m` & Bhr Xmo H$m`m] H$mo dhm nman[aH$, T>mMmJV g_WZ {_bVm
h & {hX-{damoYr, gaH$ma {damoYr, Ama m` Xoe{damoYr amOZr{V H$m g_WZ &
{dS>~Zm `h {H$ `h g~ H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmam YZ Cgr {hX OZVm, gaH$ma Ama
Xoe go {b`m OmVm h!
Bg H$ma, gdm{YH$ ggmYZ`w$ Bg H|$r` {d{dmb` _| gm_m{OH$
{dkmZ Ama _mZ{dH$r {ejm nyar Vah {XImdQ>r H$m_ _| ~Xb H$a ah J`r h &
`h ^r EH$ H_ h, EH$ AnamY & Bgr{bE, O~ ^r OoEZ`y H$r MMm hmoVr h Vmo
JbV H$maUm| go &

16

OoEZ`y H$m gM

`m OoEZ`y Xoe Ho$ AXa AbJ Xoe h

JV 21 \$adar H$mo OoEZ`y _| Amamonr N>m C_a Im{bX Zo
N>mm| Ho$ ~rM ^mfU {X`m & Cgo MZbm| na {XIm`m J`m & gmW hr,
OoEZ`y N>m gK Ho$ nXm{YH$m[a`m| VWm Hw$N> OoEZ`y {ejH$m| Ho$
~`mZ, Am{X ^r gwZo JE & BZ g~ _| gm` hamZ H$aZo dmbm h!
CZ ~`mZm| _| bmoH$V, am>dmX, `m`, H$mZyZ VWm A{^`{$
dVVm na gm{VH$ Xbrb| h & `hr Xbrb| {dMmaUr`, VWm
hamZ H$aZo dmbr h &
OoEZ`y N>mm| VWm mo\o$gam| H$r ~mV| gwZH$a OmO Amadob H$r
nwVH$ "E{Z_b \$m_' H$m _aU hmoVm h & Cg AX^wV nwVH$ Zo
{XIm`m {H$ H$`w{ZQ> $g _| g_mZVm, dVVm, `m`, empV,
`w, Am{X YmaUmAm| H$r `m XJ{V hB Wr & AV g`moJ Zhr h {H$
OoEZ`y Ho$ N>m, mo\o$ga dhr H$a aho h, `m|{H$ dhm ^r R>rH$ Cgr
H$`w{ZQ> {dMmaYmam H$m X~X~m ahm h &
AV OoEZ`y _| `m`, dVVm, am>dmX, Am{X H$r {d{M
g_P Cgo dgm hr new-~mS>m `m _mZd-~mS>o gm {XImVr h, Ohm Ho$
bmoJmo H$mo X{Z`m H$m dmV{dH$ kmZ Zhr h & Ch| ha MrO H$r EH$
~Zr-~Zm`r g_P h, Omo ^maV-{damoYr `m {hX-{damoYr h &
Bgr{bE do ghOVm go, `hm VH$ {H$ JdnydH$ _wh_X A\$Ob,
`mHy$~ _o_Z `m AO_b H$gm~ H$m CoI H$aVo h & `hr H$maU h
{H$ A^r nyao Xoe Zo _hgyg {H$`m {H$ OoEZ`y _mZmo ^maV go AXa
H$moB AbJ Xoe hmo! dhm Ho$ mo\o$ga, N>m ZoVmJU Omo A{YH$me ~mob
aho h, dh bJVm h Ogo H$moB {dXoer hm| Omo _yT> Xogr bmoJm| H$mo g_Pm
aho hm| & A`Wm `m`mb` go X{S>V, dKmo{fV AmVH$r `m AO_b
H$gm~ Ogo Q>r.dr. na bmBd XoIo JE AmVH$r H$mo OoEZ`y _| {ZXm}f
g_Po OmZo H$r H$moB Ama `m`m Zhr hmo gH$Vr &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

17

h_mao gmgXm| H$mo Bg na

`mZ XoZm Mm{hE {H$ do `m
nT>mZo Ho$ {bE OoEZ`y H$mo
gdm{YH$ CXmaVm go YZ XoVo aho
h? dhm Omo _mZ{gH$Vm ~Zr h,
dh b~o g_` H$r `dpWV
{dH${V H$m ZVrOm h & `h dhm
nyar gm_m{OH$-_mZ{dH$r {ejm
Ho$ amOZr{VH$aU H$m _m_bm h &
dhm go Am aho A{YH$me {d{M ~`mZ BVZo ghO {dmg go {XE Om aho h {H$
gm_m` nw{bgdmbo ^r haV _| h {H$ AmpIa OoEZ`y _| Hgo bmoJ h? AmVH$dmX,
am>dmX, `m`, H$mZyZ, Am{X na `m AZmneZmn ~mobVo h?
AV Xoe H$r OZVm, Xoe-{hV Ama gm_m` ~w{ go OoEZ`y H$r ^mdr
~m{H$Vm H$m nyU AbJmd hr _yb {MVm H$m {df` hmoZm Mm{hE & dhm nyar
gm_m{OH$-amOZr{VH$ eXmdbr H$m {d{M AW H$a {b`m J`m h & Eogm AW Omo
Z Ho$db _mZH$ amOZr{V em Ho$ {dnarV h, ~pH$ AnZo Xoe d g_mO Ho$ {V
bmnadmh, `hm VH$ {H$ {d ^r h & OoEZ`y D$Q>nQ>mJ ~w{Or{d`m| Ho$
E{Z_b\$m_ _| ~Xb J`m h &
dhm b~o g_` go dm_nWr dmVmdaU H$m moV `h h {H$ B{Vhmg, amOZr{V,
gm{h`, Ogo {df`m| H$m amOZr{VH$aU H$a S>mbm J`m & `h dhm gm_m{OH$ {df`m|
Ho$ {gbo~g, nmR>-gyMr, Jmo>r-go{_Zma Ho$ {df`, Am{X haoH$ MrO go naIm Om
gH$Vm h & dVVm, g_mZVm, `m`, {d{dYVm, EH$Vm, ^oX-^md, empV,
H$mpV, AmVH$dmX, _mZdr`Vm, Am{X YmaUmE Bhr {df`m| go OwS>r h & BZ
YmaUmAm| H$mo {d{^, {dnarV AWm] VH$ _| `m`m{`V {H$`m Om gH$Vm h &
H$`w{ZQ> $g Ho$ AZwH$aU _| OoEZ`y _| `hr {H$`m J`m & Bgr{bE Xoe-mohr
Ama AmVH$dmX g_WH$ d$`m| H$mo ghO _mZm OmVm h & `h dMm[aH$ Zem h,
Omo OZVm go nyU {dbJ hmoH$a ^r AnZo ao{S>H$b _V H$mo OZdmX H$hVm h! `h
R>rH$ E{Z_b \$m_ dmbr XJ{V h &
OoEZ`y _| gm_m{OH$ {df`m| H$r {ejm Zhr, _VdmXrH$aU (BS>m QrZoeZ) hmoVm

18

OoEZ`y H$m gM

ahm h & `mZr {H$gr _V `m {dMmaYmam {deof _| AmJhr ~ZmZo H$m H$m` &
_VdmXrH$aU Ho$ Hw$N> VarHo$ h: {H$gr H$m ^mdZm_H$ XmohZ, Cg_| AnamY-~moY
^aZm, ~ma-~ma {ZXm H$aZm, Xgam| H$m {N>mdofU, bpmV H$aZm, XmofmamonU
H$aZm, nr{S>V hmoZo H$m T>m|J H$aZm, V`m| na N>b H$aZm, V`m| go BH$ma H$aZm,
JbV gyMZmE XoZm, V`m| H$mo {dH$V $n _| noe H$aZm, Agw{dYmOZH$ ~mVm| go
~MZo H$r H$mo{ee H$aZm, A{VaOZm H$aZm, {_`m ~mobZm, {H$gr _hdnyU ~mV
H$mo KQ>mH$a noe H$aZm, Am{X & gm_m{OH$ {ejm, {deofV B{Vhmg, amOZr{V VWm
gm{h` _| ZB, OZdmXr, AmYw{ZH$, Am{X `m`m Ho$ Zm_ na `h g~ gabVm
go hmoVm h & `h {ejm H$r ^mdZm Ho$ {d h & OoEZ`y _| `hr hAm h & dhm Ho$
_mgdmXr B{VhmgH$mam| H$r nwVH$-nwpVH$mE, ^mfU, EpQ>{d_, Am{X Bg Ho$
gQ>rH$ CXmhaU h &
Bgr{bE dhm N>m AnZr _VdmXr `m _yIV mnyU ~mVm| H$mo {d{e> kmZ g_PVo
h & {ejm h kmZ, {ddoH$ VWm _m{UH$ OmZH$mar hmoZm & Z {H$ H$moB ~Zm-~Zm`m
{ZH$f `m _V XhamZm, Mmho gwZZo _| do {H$VZo hr AZmoIo `m| Z bJ| & _VdmX
^m{dV `{$ Cg _V H$r g_rjm H$aZo H$mo amOr Zhr hmoVm & Bgo OoEZ`y _|
gm\$ XoIm Om gH$Vm h, O~ N>m Ama mo\o$ga ~S>o {dmg go dhm emgZ H$mo
hr Zhr, nw{bg Ed `m`mb` H$mo ^r {ZX}e XoZo H$m AXmO {XImVo h & dhm g_mO
{dkmZ {ejm Zo {dmZ Ho$ ~Xbo Xbr` H$m`H$Vm V`ma {H$E h & Chr H$B H$mo
mo\o$ga ~Zm XoZo go gMmB {N>n Zhr gH$Vr &
dVwV `h g~ dhm BVZo Iwbo $n _| hmoVm ahm h {H$ ~hVm| H$mo {dmg
Zhr hmoJm {H$ Eogm ^r hmo gH$Vm h & {H$ nyar {ejm H$mo Xoe-{damoYr nmQ>r monoJS>m
_| ~Xbm Om gH$Vm h & _Ja OoEZ`y _| `hr hAm h & Bg {~X na gmao ao{S>H$bm|
Ho$ {` ZmoAm_ Mmo_H$r Ho$ {dMma ^r XeZr` h _VdmXrH$aU H$r {H$`m Ama
J{V{d{Y H$mo R>rH$ go g_PZm g~ go Amd`H$ H$V` h & VmZmemhr emgZ dmbo
Xoem| _| Bgo XoI nmZm ~S>m AmgmZ h, {H$Vw dVVm _| _JOYwbmB (~Bo Z dmoqeJ)
H$r `dWm H$mo XoI nmZm ~hV H${R>Z h {Og _| h_ _O~ya {H$E OmVo h, Ama
H$B ~ma {OgHo$ h_ AZOmZo CnmXmZ ~Z OmVo h &
Mmo_H$r Zo `h ~mV bmoH$Vm{H$ gaH$mam| Ho$ {bE H$hr Wr, {H$Vw `h ~mV
XmoYmar Vbdma h & `h Zoh$ `m B{Xam JmYr Ogr gaH$ma na ghr h, Vmo

OoEZ`y H$m gM

19

OoEZ`y Ogo dm`m AH$mX{_H$ Q>mny na ^r, Ohm {d{dY H$`w{ZQ> Jwn,
_mAmodm{X`m|, {Ohm{X`m| Zo AnZo Ao> ~Zm {bE h & Bhm|Zo AnZo _VdmX H$mo
VH$ar go {ejm _| KwgmZo Ho$ {bE dVVm H$m dhr X$n`moJ {H$`m h, Omo
MmogH$r H$m Ame` h &
Omo Zmbr Ka H$m JXm nmZr ~mha H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~ZmB OmVr h, ~mT> _| Cgr
go JXm nmZr AXa ^r AmVm h & Cgr Vah, Omo dm`mVm kmZ-gmYZm H$mo
gaH$mar hVjon go _w$ aIZo Ho$ {bE Xr JB Wr, Cgr Ho$ Xn`moJZo OoEZ`y,
VWm H$B gWmAm| H$mo, ^maV-{damoYr {hX-{damoYr {H$bo _| ~Xb S>mbm J`m h &
`h h_mao gmgXm| H$mo nmQ>r-~Xr go CR>H$a XoIZm Mm{hE &
OoEZ`y H$r gm_m{OH$ {ejm H$m amOZr{VH$aU _ybV Cg g_mOdmXr ^_
H$r hr {Zn{m h, Omo dV ^maV _| gaH$mar drH${V go Ama^ hmoH$a YraoYrao _rR>o {df H$r Vah {ejm, {d_e Ama ~m{H$ gmH${VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| Ho$
nmoa-nmoa _| `mn J`m h & Bg go AkmZ, b\$mOr VWm _mZXS>hrZVm \$br
h & \$bV KQ>ZmAm|, pW{V`m|, {dMmam| H$mo R>moH$-~OmH$a XoI ZVrOm {ZH$mbZo
Ho$ ~OmE nyd-{ZYm[aV {ZH$f Ho$ AZw$n VwV H$aZm, Cgr H$mo ha hmb _|
\$bmZo, aQ>mZo, O_mZo H$mo {ejm H$m b` _mZ boZm, Cg {ZH$f Ho$ {V
Cgmh, AZwgmh Ho$ AmYma nwVH$m|, m`mnH$m|, {ejU {~X-{df`m| H$m M`Z
H$aZm & `h g^r d{m`m OoEZ`y Ho$ gm_m{OH$-_mZ{dH$r {d^mJm| _| BVZo
Jhao O_r h {H$ Bg H$r VwbZm Ho$db nwamZo gmo{d`V gK Ho$ {ejU n[a` go
hr hmo gH$Vr h & OoEZ`y go `h h_mao Xgao {d{dmb`m|, _r{S>`m, Am{X VH$
^r \$br h &
`hr H$maU h {H$ `hm H$B _m_bm| _| dhr gmo{d`V Q>mBn kmZ-ey`Vm,
Am_N>bZm, dAmamo{nV g|ga{en, dMm[aH$ ^JmnZ Am{X {XIVo h & V^r h_mao
{dMma-{d_e Ama AH$mX{_H$ boIZ _| ^r AZoH$ _ZJT>V {ZH$f {Z{ddmX g`
Ho$ $n _| MbVo h & CXmhaUmW, ^maV Ho$ {V n{_r I Ho$ ~mao _|, d`
^maVr` B{Vhmg, g_mO, dU`dWm, emm| `m Y_ Ho$ ~mao _|, A_o[aH$r-Aa~`yamonr` Zr{V`m| `m g_mOm| Ho$ ~mao _|, {d{dY g_`mAm| na H$mbo/g\o$X Ogo
EH$m{VH$ {ZH$f, VWm AZoH$ ~S>o ~S>o {df`{~XAm| na nyUV ey` OmZH$mar XoIr
OmVr h &

20

OoEZ`y H$m gM

lrAa{dX Zo H$hm Wm {H$ {H$gr ^r _hmZ Xoe H$m nVZ h_oem VrZ JwUm|
Ho$ jaU go Ama^ hmoVm h & `h VrZ JwU h: {ddoH$nyU {dMma H$aZo H$r j_Vm,
VwbZm d {d^oX H$aZo H$r j_Vm, VWm A{^`{$ H$r j_Vm & h_| OoEZ`y Ho$ hmb
go AnZo Xoe H$r pW{V H$m AmH$bZ H$a boZm Mm{hE & lrAa{dX H$r MoVmdZr
^maV Ho$ {bE Vmo {deof _aUr` h `m|{H$ {nN>bo hOma df go X`w, ~~a Ama
YyV bmoJ AmH$a `hm CZ go CV g`Vm-gH${V dmbo bmoJm| na A{YH$ma O_mVo
aho h & OoEZ`y _| dgo hr ~mhar, YyV Vdm| H$m A>m O_Zm VWm N>mm|, mo\o$gam|
H$r _{VhrZ ~`mZ~mOr Cgr H$m gHo$V h &
H$_ go H$_ h_| gmo{d`V AZw^d go ^r grIZm Mm{hE {H$ gmV XeH$m| VH$
dhm H$`w{ZQ> _VdmXrH$aU H$mo hr g_mO {dkmZ {ejm _mZZo Ho$ `m-`m
Xn[aUm_ hE? `mX aI|, Cgr $gr _VdmX Ho$ AZw`m{``m| H$mo OoEZ`y ~ZmZo H$m
^ma {X`m J`m Wm! Bg H$m _hd Ama Hw$n[aUm_ h_H$mo {XImB nS>Zm Mm{hE &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

21

g_mO {dkmZ {ejm H$m amOZr{VH$aU

B{Vhmg, amOZr{V em, g_mOem, gm{h`, Am{X {df`
g_mO {dkmZ Ama _mZ{dH$r _| AmVo h & `hr {df` h {Oh| ha
Xoe _| AbJAbJ nT>m-nT>m`m OmVm h, `m|{H$ `o {df` g_mO
gmnoj hmoVo h & ^m{VH$r, agm`Z, Ord{dkmZ, H`yQ>a, Am{X H$r
Vah `h X{Z`m ^a _| EH$ hr Zhr hmoVo & AVw, `o {df`, {deofH$a
B{Vhmg, gm{h` Ama amOZr{V em ha Vah H$r JS>~S>r, {dH${V
Ho$ {bE Iwbo hmoVo h & AmYw{ZH$Vm, Z`o {dMma `m J{VdmX, Am{X
{H$gr ~hmZo BZ {df`m| _| Vah-Vah H$r _Z_mZr, OmbgmOr Ama
{_`mMma g^d hmoVm h & Co` hmoVm h N>mm|, `wdmAm| H$mo {deof
H$ma H$r _mZ{gH$Vm _| _moS>Zo H$m gMoV `mg & `h m`
hm{ZH$maH$ BamXm| go hr hmoVm h, `m|{H$ _mZdVmdmXr `m Xoe-{hV
_| gMmB Ho$ gmW hoa-\o$a H$aZo `m _ZJT>V ~mVo nT>mZo H$r O$aV
hr Zhr hmoVr & Bg {> go OoEZ`y H$r gmoeb gmBg nT>mB J^raVm
go naIZo H$r O$aV h &
A^r H$B ~S>o AJoOr AI~ma OoEZ`y _| ^maV-{damoYr d
_wh_X A\$Ob Ho$ nj _| Zmao bJmZo dmbm| Ho$ {V ghmZw^y{V OJmZo
_| bJo h & do {JaVma N>m Ho$ n[adma H$r Jar~r, Cg Ho$ n[adma
H$r Vdra| {XImH$a H$Um OJmZo Ama gaH$ma, emgZ Ama gKn[adma H$r pIr CS>m aho h & gM_wM, AJO
o r _r{S>`m H$r _mZ{gH$Vm
~MH$mZr h! `m {H$gr Jar~ H$mo Xoe Ho$ X_Z BVo_mb Zhr H$a
gH$Vo? Ho$db Jar~ hmoZo go {H$gr Amamonr H$mo {ZXm}f _mZ {b`m
OmE? V~ `m`-{H$`m {H$g{bE h?
`m `hr g_P| {H$ ^maV Ho$ ewAm| H$r nhM MmVa\$m h, Ama
Bgr{bE Xoe^{$ H$r pIr CS>mZm AJoOr _r{S>`m Ho$ EH$ AJ H$m
A{Zdm` \$eZ h? _r{S>`m H$V`{Z>m H$m VH$mOm Vmo OoEZ`y _|

22

OoEZ`y H$m gM

{dXoer EO|Q>m|, Xoe-{damoYr Zmao~mOm|,

H$m`H$VmAm|, mo\o$gam| Ho$ H$m_m|,
J{V{d{Y`m| H$r ^r OmM hmoZr Mm{hE
Wr & AmpIa `m| Ama Hgo {Xr Ho$
A{YH$me {d{M g_mMma dhr go
AmVo h! `h X`m}J h, gJ{R>V
amOZr{V~mOr `m {_bm-Owbm,
OmZm-AZOmZm fS>`? `h OmZZo
_| g~ H$r {M h & _Ja _r{S>`m Zo
`h H$m_ Zhr {H$`m &
OoEZ`y Ho$ g~ go {g Hy$b
Am\$ gmoeb gmBg (Ohm gmao
E{_Z|Q> {hQ>mo[a`g O_o Wo) Ho$
AmH$mBg na ^r AJa nH$ma ZOa S>mb|, Vmo Ch| Hw$N> gmoMZo H$m H$> H$aZm
nS>oJm & dh AmH$mBg nyar Vah H$`w{ZQ> nmQ>r Am\$ B{S>`m A{^boImJma h &
Cg H$m Zm_ ^r H$`w{ZQ> ZoVm nr. gr. Omoer Ho$ Zm_ na h & do~-gmBQ> {ddaU
_| CZ Ho$ H$`w{ZQ> ZoVm hmoZo Ho$ {gdm {H$gr `mo`Vm H$m CoI Zhr, {Og go
{XIo {H$ Xoe _| gmoeb gmBg H$r gdm} {ejm H|$ H$m A{^boImJma Cg ZoVm
Ho$ Zm_ na `m| h? {\$a A{^boImJma H$r gm_Jr, J{V{d{Y`m, Ogo boMa{garO Ho$ Am_{V _hmZw^mdm| Ho$ Zm_, Am{X XoI| & dhm bJ^J nyar Vah _m
H$`w{ZQ> mo\$o gam|, EpQ>{dQ>m| Ho$ Zm_ gOo hE h & H$meZm| H$mo XoI,| Vmo Kmo{fV
H$`w{ZQ>, ao{S>H$b, {hX-{damoYr amOZr{V~mOm| Ho$ nM} & AmZX nQ>dYZ, VrVm
grVbdmX, Am{X &
dVwV, OoEZ`y H$m nyam gmoeb gmBg H$`w{ZQ> nm{Q>`m|, VWm A~ CZ
nm{Q>`m| Ho$ _a{Jo hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX, {d{dY ^maV-{damoYr, {hX-{damoYr, g_mO{ddgH$ {dMmam|, Zmam|, A{^`mZm| H$m MmaH$ hmoZo Ho$ {gdm em`X hr Hw$N> h,
Bg H$r naI H$moB d` ^r H$a gH$Vm h & OoEZ`y H$r do~-gmBQ> na OmE & Bg
Ho$ gM _| (gM Ada do~-gmBQ>) CPI Q>mBn H$a| & ~mah nm| H$r b~r gyMr
{_boJr {H$ Bg {df` na AmH$mBg _| `m-`m CnbY h & `mZr, dhm

OoEZ`y H$m gM

23

H$`w{ZQ> nmQ>r Am\$ B{S>`m H$r {deX gm_Jr BH$>m H$aHo$, lmnydH$ g~ Ho$
{bE gOmo H$a aIr JB h & {\$a, Amn dhr gM BJS (^maVr` OZgK) Q>mBn
H$a AmO_mE & ey` n[aUm_ {_boJm & `mZr, Bg nmQ>r H$m H$moB _yb XVmdoO,
H$meZ, Am{X dhm Zhr h & _mZmo, Bg Xoe _| ^mOg `m ^mOnm Zm_H$ nmQ>r
H$m ApVd hr Z ahm hmo & Oam gmoM|, g~ go _hdnyU H|$r` {d{dmb` Ho$
gmoeb gmBg AmH$mBg H$mo H$`w{ZQ>-nmQ>r-AmH$mBg _| ~Xb XoZo _| dhm Ho$
{d{M amOZr{VH$ dmVmdaU H$m g~Y Zhr h?
AmH$mBg na Hw$N> Ama ZOa S>mb| & nVm MboJm {H$ AZoH$ XVmdoOmo,
nwpVH$mAm|, Am{X _| OZgK `m ^mOnm H$m CoI Vmo h & _Ja Chr H$`w{ZQ>
nMm], n\$boQ>m|, nwVH$m| _| & AWmV, Bg nmQ>r H$mo, Omo Xoe H$r EH$ g~go ~S>r
nmQ>r ahr h, H$B ~ma Xoe H$r gmm _| em{_b ahr h, Ama AZoH$ am`m| _| XeH$m|
go AN>m emgZ {X`m, Eogr nmQ>r H$mo OoEZ`y Ho$ gmoeb gmBg AmH$mBg Zo Ho$db
X>, XmZd, eVmZ Ho$ $n _| XO {H$`m h! dh ^r {H$gr AnZo emoY-A``Z go
Zhr, ~pH$ _m H$`w{ZQ> nmQ>r Ho$ mam N>mno JE Mma `m XMma-gm{h` Ho$
AmYma na &
ZmoQ> H$aZo H$r ~mV dh gm` h Omo Bg AmH$mBg _| _mOyX gK-^mOnm
H$r N>{d VWm OoEZ`y Ho$ H$`w{ZQ> mo\o$gam| Ho$ H${WV AH$mX{_H$ H$m_ _| h & BZ
mo\o$gam| Zo nyam OrdZ dhr Mma H$aZo VWm gK-^mOnm. {hX Y_ na H$m{bI
nmoVZo Ed VXZw$n amOZr{VH$ A{^`mZ MbmZo (Ogo, A`mo`m {ddmX) _| bJm`m
h & Bgr H$mo gmoeb gmBg nT>mZm g_Pm, Ama g_Pm`m h & AmO CZ Ho$ mam hr
{Z`w$ Mobo, Omo A{YH$me nwamZo H$`w{ZQ> H$m`H$Vm h, Cgr Vah AnZr-AnZr
Xbr` ghmZw^y{V Ho$ gmW-gmW {d{dY ao{S>H$b, {_eZar, EZOrAmo, AmB.Eg.AmB.
(Jwbm_ Z~r \$B Q>mBn), Am{X Ho$ gh`moJ go dhr H$m_ ~T>m aho h &
CXmhaUmW, OoEZ`y Ho$ Xgao {g g_mO {dkmZ Ho$ AJ, Hy$b Am\$
BS>aZoeZb Q>S>rO _| g|Q>a \$ma H$mnoao{Q>d nmo{b{Q>g ES> nmo{b{Q>H$b `moar
Ho$ E_.E. (amOZr{V) Ho$ nmR>H$_ Ama nmR>-gyMr na ZOa S>mb| & Bg CXmhaU
go dhm N>mm| H$mo {_bZo dmbr {ejm, {ejU Ama {ejU H$m EH$ Om`Om {_boJm &
do~gmBQ> na XoI| Bg g|Q>a _| nT>mE OmVo Xmo H$mog nmo{b{Q>H$b WmQ> I Ama
nmo{b{Q>H$b WmQ> II. BZ XmoZm| H$mogm] H$m Co`, CZ Ho$ AnZo hr eXm| _| `h

24

OoEZ`y H$m gM

h 1. N>mm| H$mo g_H$mbrZ {H${Q>H$b qW{HJ go n[a{MV H$aZm, Mmho CZ N>mm|

H$m amOZr{V em go nhbo n[aM` ahm hmo `m Zhr & 2. g_H$mbrZ ~m{H$ Ama
amOZr{VH$ \$bH$ H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {bE n{_r Ama Ja-n{_r, XmoZm| moVm| H$m
Cn`moJ H$aZm & 3. AVam>r` g~Y Ho$ N>mm| H$mo {d{^ jom|/Xoem| Ho$ A``Z
(E[a`m Q>S>rO) go OwS>o gm{VH$ _wm| VwbZm_H$ g_PZo Ho$ {bE V`ma H$aZm &
amoMH$ ~mV `h h {H$ BZ H$mog _| ~mH$m`Xm {bI {X`m J`m h {H$ `h Ho$db
n{_r amOZr{VH$ qMVZ H$mo boJm, ^maVr` amOZr{VH$ qMVZ, AJa Cgo nT>m`m
^r OmE, Vmo dh AbJ {df` h & Ogm Cg g|Q>a Ama Cg Hy$b Ho$ Xgao AZoH$
H$mogm] go XoIm Om gH$Vm h, ^maVr` amOZr{VH$ qMVZ dmbm AbJ {df` nT>m`m
hr Zhr OmVm & `hr Zhr, gr, MrZr, OmnmZr, BamZr, gD$Xr, nm{H$VmZr qMVZ
^r nwamZm, bm{gH$b `m g_H$mbrZ H$moB ^r VwbZm_H$ AVam>r` amOZr{VH$
{gmV nT>Zo nT>mZo Ho$ {bE ~Zo Bg H$mog _| H$hr em{_b Zhr h & Z H$moB qMVH$,
Z nwVH$ &
Bg Vah, VwbZm_H$ AVam>r` amOZr{V _| VwbZm Ho$ {bE H$moB nmR>gm_Jr hr Zhr Xr JB h & Cgr H$ma Ogo gmoeb gmBg AmH$mBg _| H$`w{ZQ>
nmQ>r Am\$ B{S>`m Ho$ Mma-gm{h` Ho$ {gdm Hw$N> Zhr, `hm ^r EpQ>{dQ>
mo\o$gam| H$r AnZr PH$, bZVam{Z`m| Ho$ {gdm nmR>-H$_ Ama nmR>-gm_Jr
bJ^J ey` h & A~ g_P gH$Vo h {H$ H$mog Ho$ Co` _| _hmZ amOZr{VH$
qMVH$m| H$mo nT>mZo Ho$ ~Xbo g_H$mbrZ {H${Q>H$b qW{HJ go n[a{MV H$aZm `m|
{bIm J`m h! amOZr{VH$ qMVZ Ho$ {b\$m\o$ _| Ho$db gH$rU _VdmXr Mma MbmZo
Ho$ {bE `h _w\$rX eXmdbr h, {Ogo AmYw{ZH$, gm_{`H$ ~VmH$a ^mobo N>mm| Ho$
Jbo _mWo CVmam OmVm h &
Bgr{bE, BZ H$mog H$m Zm_, BZ Ho$ Kmo{fV Co` VWm VXZw$n Xr JB
nmR>-gyMr _| H$moB Vmb-_ob Zhr h & `m H$h| {H$ {XImZo Ho$ XmV Ama ImZo Ho$
Ama h & g~ go nhbo, erfH$ Ho$ gmW A`m` & {\$a, H$mog _| qMVH$m| H$r gyMr
_| H$moB Ja-n{_r Zm_ Zhr h, {~Zm nadmh Ho$, {H$ V~ Ja-n{_r moVm| go ^r
g_H$mbrZ ~m{H$-amOZr{VH$ _wm| H$m Hgo A``Z hmoJm? BVZm hr Zhr, n{_r
moVm| _| H$mb _mg H$mo AnZr Amoa go A{V_ n{_r qMVH$ Kmo{fV H$a S>mbm
J`m h! `mZr, gZ 1883 Ho$ ~mX go `yamon, A_o[aH$m _| ^r H$moB amOZr{VH$ qMVH$

OoEZ`y H$m gM

25

Zhr hAm `h _mZH$a `h H$mog ~Zm`m J`m h! V~ ~Q]S> agob, H$mb nmna, AmZm
Aa|Q>, H$mb `mng, ao_S> Eam|, g_wEb hqQ>JQ>Z, Eg. E_. {bngoQ>, \$m{gg
\w$Hw$`m_m, Am{X `mV hpV`m `m {dXfH$ Wr?
`m Vmo OoEZ`y Ho$ AH$mX{_H$ H$UYma ^`H$a AkmZr h & Bgr{bE R>rH$
g_H$mbrZ-VwbZm_H$-AVam> r` amOZr{V Ho$ kmZ-jo _| hqQ>JQ>Z, {bngoQ> Ama
\w$Hw$`m_m Ogo {dmZm| H$m WmZ Zhr OmZVo & Z dV_mZ AVam>r` KQ>ZmH$_ Ho$
{bE _wh_X Ab-dhm~ VWm A`mVwm Iw_Zr H$m _hd g_PVo h & H$_ go H$_
{nN>bo Mma XeH$ H$r AVam>r` amOZr{V BZ Xmo amOZr{VH$ qMVH$m| Ho$ {~Zm
g_PZm hr Ag^d h & BZ g~ H$mo Jm`~ H$aHo$ VwbZm_H$ AVam>r` amOZr{V
H$m H$mog nT>mZo H$m Xgam H$maU `hr hmo gH$Vm h {H$ mo\o$gam| H$m gH$rU
EpQ>{dQ> EO|S>m OmZ~yPH$a dmV{dH$ {dmZm|, hpV`m| H$mo hQ>mH$a AnZo
ngXrXm, h_`mb MmaH$m|, nwVH$m|, AmBQ>_m| H$mo hr ^mobo ^mbo N>mmo H$mo nT>mVm
h & Omo Xoe Ho$ H$moZo-H$moZo go OoEZ`y nT>Zo AmVo h & BZ Xmo Ho$ {gdm H$moB H$maU
Zhr {H$ Eogm {dH$V, AkmZr H$mog ~Zm`m OmE!
hm, Bg {~X na `{X Bg go Hw$N> H$me nS>Vm hmo, Vmo OmZZo `mo` h {H$
C$ g|Q>a \$ma H$mnoao{Q>d nmo{b{Q>g ES> nmo{b{Q>H$b `moar Ho$ gd}gdm mo\o$ga
H$_b{_ {MZm` h & b~o g_` VH$ H$`w{ZQ> ahZo Ho$ ~mX BYa Am_ AmX_r
nmQ>r Ho$ EpQ>{dQ> ~Zo & bo{H$Z BZ H$r A{YH$ {g{ H$_ra H$r AmOmXr,
_mAmodmXr VWm ha Vah H$r {hX-{damoYr amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo Xoe Ama
{dXoe _| ^r MbmZo Ho$ {bE ~Zr h & AmnHo$ H$maZm_m| Ho$ Xmo CXmhaU {deof
`mV` h nhbr, JwOamV XJm| Ho$ ~mX dmqeJQ>Z S>r. gr. _| 10 OyZ 2002 H$mo dhm
H$r gaH$mar g{_{V `yZmBQ>oS> Q>oQg H$_reZ AmZ BQ>aZoeZb [abrOg \$rS>_
(`y.Eg.gr.AmB.Ama.E\$.) Ho$ gm_Zo mo. {MZm` Zo ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ pIbm\$ Jdmhr
Xr (A` Jdmhm| _| VrVm grVbdmS> Ama \$mXa go{SH$ H$me ^r Wo) & H$n`m
`mZ X| - H$_reZ H$r gwZdmB H$m Co` Wm A_o[aH$m mam ^maV na {V~Y
bJmZo na {dMma & `mZr AnZo hr Xoe na {V~Y bJdmZo Ho$ {bE mo\o$ga {MZm`
A_o[aH$m H$mo o[aV H$a aho Wo! CgHo$ {bE Chm|Zo dhm `m PyR> ~mobo, dh A^r
ahZo X| &

26

OoEZ`y H$m gM

Xgam, do A_o[aH$m _| nm{H$VmZr AmB.Eg.AmB. EO|Q> Jwbm_ Z~r \$B Ama

Cg H$r H$_rar A_o[aH$r H$mC{gb (Ho$.E.gr.) Ho$ _oh_mZ ~ZH$a H$_ra na
^maV-{damoYr Mma H$aVo aho h (A` _oh_mZm| _| OpQ>g amO| ga, Hw$bXrn
Z`a, JmV_ ZdbIm, AYVr am`, Am{X ^r Wo) & \$B Zo A_o[aH$r AXmbV H$mo
~Vm`m {H$ dh bJ^J 1992 go hr AmB.Eg.AmB. Ho$ {ZX}e Ama ngo go dhm H$m_
H$a ahm Wm & Bg H$ma, mo. {MZm` AmB.Eg.AmB. Ho$ {bE A_o[aH$m _| ^maV{damoYr monoJS>m _| em{_b aho h &
`{X H$moB g_Po {H$ ~oMmao {MZm` H$mo \$B H$r Ag{b`V _mby_ Z Wr, Vmo
Xmo ~mV| {dnarV h & EH$, H|$r` OmM `yamo Zo 1997 _| hr Ho$.E.gr. Ho$
AmB.Eg.AmB. gMm{bV hmoZo H$r ~mV ~VmB Wr & hdmbm OmM _| `yamo Zo nm`m
{H$ \$B H$r Ho$.E.gr. H$_ra _| g{H$` AmVH$dmXr gJR>Z {hO-~wb-_wOm{hXrZ
H$mo ngo ^oOVr ahr h & `h V` H|$r` OmM `yamo H$r AmnMm[aH$ MmOerQ> _|
XO Wo & Xgao, d[a> nH$ma _ZmoO Omoer H$r nwVH$ X bmQ> ao~o{b`Z H$_ra
BZ ZmBQ>rO (n|pdZ, 1999) _| ^r \$B H$r dmV{dH$Vm H$m{eV hB Wr & AV
\$B Ama Ho$.E.gr. H$r dmV{dH$Vm mo. {MZm` OmZVo Wo & ~pH$ Bgr{bE do Cg
Ho$ _oh_mZ ~ZVo Wo!
AVEd, mo. {MZm` OoEZ`y _| `m nmR>H$_ ~ZmVo aho, `m nT>mVo aho, VWm
AmJo nT>mZo Ho$ {bE Hgo ZE gh`moJr {Z`w$ H$aVo aho Bg go C$ V`m| H$m Jham
g~Y h & H$moB ~w{Ordr `m OoEZ`y emgZ `{X Xbrb H$ao {H$ mo. {MZm` Ho$
EpQ>{d_ H$m {d{dmb` _| CZ Ho$ H$m` go g~Y O$ar Zhr, Vmo gM _m{ZE,
`h gwZH$a nwamZo _mgdm{X`m| H$mo hgr Am OmEJr & H$`w{ZQ> nmQ>r Omo nhbr
MrO aJ$Q>m| H$mo {gImVr h dh `hr {H$ ha MrO dJ-{hV _|, nmQ>r-{hV _| hmoZr
gw{Z{V H$amo & AV {MZm` H$r {hX-{damoYr Ama ^maV-{damoYr H${Q>~Vm
gw{dMm[aV h, AZOmZo Zhr &
Bgr{bE OoEZ`y Ho$ gnyU g_mO {dkmZ Ama _mZ{dH$r A``Z H$mo nmQ>r{hV _| bJm XoZm X`m}J Zhr h & Z hr gmao H$`w{ZQ>, Xoe{damoYr, {hX-{damoYr,
amOZr{VH$ gJR>Zm|, Ho$ Ao> dhr ~ZVo ahZm & dh g~ AH$mX{_H$ Ama ~m{H$
dVVm H$r AmS> _| {H$`m OmVm h & Ogo, {MZm` Ho$ XmoV \$B A_o[aH$m _| H$aVo
Wo & {MZm` H$m gm^m` h {H$ `hm _r{S>`m, ZmH$aemhr Ama ZoVmJU, g^r H$mZyZm|

OoEZ`y H$m gM

27

H$m nmbZ H$admZo _| hr Zhr, gm_m{OH$ empV Ama Xoe H$r gwajm Ogo {df`
na ^r `mZ Zhr XoVo & A`Wm, nmQ>r-monoJS>m Ogr gm_Jr H|$r` {d{dmb`
H$r C-{ejm nmR>-gm_Jr ~Zm XoZo H$r Omb-gmOr Mma XeH$m| go Zhr Mb
ahr hmoVr!
gmoeb gmBg Ho$ AmH$mBg, amOZr{V em Ho$ nmR>-H$_ Ho$ ~mX A~ EH$
ZOa OoEZ`y Ho$ {Z`{_V AH$mX{_H$ Jmo{>`m|, go{_Zmam| na ^r S>mb b| & `mXmVa
Ho$ Vmo erfH$ hr Bg H$r MwJbr H$a X|Jo {H$ _em `m h &
Ia, Cgr Hy$b Am\$ gmoeb gmBg Zo AnZr Mmbrgdr dfJmR> na EH$
~S>m AVam>r` go{_Zma {H$`m & Cg _| {dXoem| go AZoH$ ^mJrXma _moQ>m IMm XoH$a
~wbmE JE Wo & go{_Zma _| Bg H$m H$moB CoI VH$ Z hAm {H$ Cg {d^mJ (Hy$b)
Zo Mma XeH$m| _| `m CnbpY Xr? _Ja go{_Zma _| ew$ go hr bJmVma ^maV
gaH$ma Ama {hX Y_, g_mO H$r {ZXm MbVr ahr & JwOamV XJm Vmo (Xg df
~rV OmZo Ho$ ~mX ^r) _mZmo Cg H$m {goMa-Q>yZ, _w` _whmdam Wm, {Og H$m
Y_-nydH$ CoI _mZmo d$mAm|, {Q>nUrH$mam| H$mo H$aZm hr Wm!
Cg go{_Zma Ho$ nhbo hr g _| AmYo XOZ d$mAm| Zo _wh_X A\$Ob
H$mo \$mgr {XE OmZo H$r qZXm H$r & H$_ra _| ^maVr` goZm H$mo Amo`wnoeZ-Am_r
~Vm`m, Mmho H$_rar {hXAm| Ho$ g\$mE na {H$gr Zo EH$ eX Z H$hmo ! {\$a,
X{bV-{MVm Ho$ Zm_ na MM-{_eZ[a`m| Ho$ Mma XhamE, Omo Iwbo $n go {hX
Y_ Ho$ Zme H$m AmdmhZ H$aVo h & go{_Zma _| amOrd JmYr \$mD$S>o eZ Ho$ {V{Z{Y
Zo `h H$h ^maVr` `m`nm{bH$m na H$m{bI nmoVr {H$ `m`mYre A{^`w$m| H$r
Om{V XoI H$a gOm gwZmVo h & g _| MwZmd {dbofH$ (A~ ZoVm) `moJo `mXd
Ho$ `h H$hZo na {H$ H$_ra Xoe H$r _w` Ymam _| OwS>Zo H$r Amoa ~T> ahm h, CZ
H$r Eogr \$OrhV H$r JB {H$ Ch| CR>H$a j_m`mMr _wm _| ^maVr` goZm H$mo
CnrS>H$, A`m`r, Am{X H$hZm nS>m &
`m Bg EH$ hr CXmhaU go n> Zhr, {H$ A^r ^maV{damoYr Ama A\$Ob
Ho$ nj _| Zmao~mOr H$aZo dmbo N>mm| H$mo OoEZ`y Ho$ mo\o$gam| Zo hr C-{ejm Ho$
Zm_ na `hr g~ {gIm`m h? AmpIa dh gmoeb gmBg na AVam>r` {dVgo{_Zma Wm! dh VrZ-{Xdgr` go{_Zma OoEZ`y Ho$ Hy$b Am\$ gmoeb gmBg Zo
^maV gaH$ma go {bE JE {deof AZwXmZ Ho$ H$amoS>m| $nE IM H$a {H$`m Wm &

28

OoEZ`y H$m gM

{Og _| _w`V ^maV-{damoYr, {hX-{damoYr monoJS>m Iwbo-Am_ Ama R>gH$ go

MbVm ahm & AV g_PZo _| ^yb Zhr H$aZr Mm{hE (Mmho Vmo AN>r Vah gmao
{gbo~g, nmR>-gyMr, `m`mZm| H$r OmM-naI H$a b|), {H$ dgm JXm
amOZr{VH$ XMma hr OoEZ`y _| g_mO {dkmZ H$r C {ejm ahr h!
Bg KmVH$ pW{V H$mo R>ha H$a g_PZo H$r O$aV h & h_mao gmgXm|,
nH$mamo, `m`mYrem| VWm Am_ bmoJm| g^r H$mo Bg na `mZ XoZo H$r O$aV h
{H$ ZB nr{T>`m| H$mo g_mO {dkmZ {ejm Ho$ Zm_ na _ybV Xoe-g_mO{dKQ>ZH$mar monoJS>m {X`m Om ahm h & OoEZ`y go g_`-g_` na Ho$db Xoe{damoYr, {hX-{damoYr KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ g_mMma AZm`mg Zhr h & dhm Ho$ {dfbo
dMm[aH$ dmVmdaU H$r gJ{R>V OS> A{YH$me Cg gmoeb gmBg H$r gm_Jr Ama
CZ AZoH$ m`mnH$m| _| h, {Ogo Xoe H$r AmIm| _| Yyb Pm|H$ H$a nmbm, grMm
OmVm ahm h & `h h_mar ZB nr{T>`m| H$mo OS>-_yI Ama g^d hmo Vmo Xoe-{damoYr,
{hX-{damoYr ~ZmZo Ho$ H$m_ AmVm h &
`mZ aho, OoEZ`y nyao Xoe Ho$ {d{dmb`m| Ho$ g_mO {dkmZ {d^mJ H$m
AZwH$aUr` _mS>b ^r h! Bgr{bE, dhr {df`, dhr {H$Vm~|, dhr _whmdao, nM} Xoe
^a Ho$ A` gH$S>m| gmoeb gmBg {d^mJm|, go{_Zmam| _| XhamE OmVo h ... & AV
hXam~mX, OmYdnwa, _w~B, AbrJT>, Am{X AZoH$ WmZm| Ho$ e{jH$ gWmZm| go
g_`-g_` na AmZo dmbr hm{ZH$maH$ I~ao Cg _VdmXr Hw${ejm go ^r OwS>r hB
h, Omo H$h`m Ama amo{hV Ogm| H$mo {hX{damoYr, Xoe{damoYr, Am{X ~ZmVm h &
Bg n>^y{_ _| {dMma H$a| {H$ goZm, na_mUw j_Vm, {dXoe `mnma Ama
{dH$mg Am{X go ^maV H$mo gwa{jV g_PZm Hgr ~MH$mZr ^yb h & Ogo {H$gr
~S>o dj H$mo H$Q>rbo Vma go Koa H$a gwa{jV _mZ {b`m OmE, {Og H$r OS>m| _|
Xr_H$ bJ ahr h & {ejm, {dMmaYmam Ama Cg ^md _| _r{S>`m _| ^r {dfbo,
XoeKmVr, g_mOKmVr {dMmam| H$r O~XV nhM H$mo dhr Xr_H$ g_PZm Mm{hE
Omo h_mao `wdmAm| H$mo {hX{damoYr, Xoe{damoYr ~ZmZo na Vwbm h &
`h naIZm Mm{hE {H$ Omo mo\o$ga H$_rar {Ohm{X`m| `m _mAmodm{X`m| Ho$
Iwbo ^maV{dIS>Z moJm_ H$m g_WZ H$aVo h, Chm|Zo mR>H$_m| _| ^r ha Vah
H$r KmVH$ gm_Jr Kwgm Xr h & `m BZ g~ go am>r` gwajm Ama gm_m{OH$ empV
H$mo IVam Zhr?

OoEZ`y H$m gM

29

h_mao AJoOr nH$mam| H$mo H$^r gK-^mOnm VWm {hX Y_ H$r pIr CS>mZo
H$r PH$ go hQ> H$a, d{ddoH$ go ^r pW{V`m| H$r ImoO~rZ H$aZr Mm{hE & Xoemoh
`m Hw${ejm Ho$ _m_bo H$mo Ho$db gK-^mOnm H$r {MVm `m Mma ~VmZo H$r Q>oH$
na_ _yT>Vm h! `m h_mao AJoOr nH$ma Xoe H$r gwajm, gm_m{OH$ gX^md `m
H$mZyZ nmbZ, Am{X {df`m| go {Zanoj hmoZm MmhVo h?
\$B gJ Zo gm\$-gm\$ {XIm`m Wm {H$ h_mao _yT> `m bmo^r ~w{Or{d`m|
H$mo {H$g Vah AmB.Eg.AmB. BVo_mZ H$aVr ahr h & Ama AmB.Eg.AmB. `hm
XJo ^S>H$mZm, {\$Xm`rZ h_bo H$admZm Ama ^maV H$mo VmoS>Zo H$r gm{Oe H$aVr
ahr h, `h Vmo OJOm{ha h & V~ Bg gMmB H$mo hHo$ go boH$a h_mao nH$ma,
Ama {d{dY Xbm| Ho$ ZoVm AnZo {V ^r AnamY Zhr H$a aho h?
Cn`w$ g^r ~mV| AmV[aH$ gwajm go grYo OwS>r h & `m|{H$ AmB.Eg.AmB.
EO|Q> \$B Ho$ h_`mbm|, h_{Zdmbm| _| h_mao dgo mo\o$ga, EpQ>{dQ>, Am{X ^r
Wo Omo H|$ (`ynrE) gaH$ma Ho$ {bE Zr{V-XVmdoO ~ZmVo aho h & `m `h g_PZo
Ho$ {bE ~S>r ~w{ Mm{hE {H$ h_mao Eogo C-nXW ~w{Or{d`m| H$r AmB.Eg.AmB.
Im{VaXmar H$m _H$gX `m Wm? ga Am`moJ [anmoQ> H$mo \$B-[anmoQ> `m
AmB.Eg.AmB. [anmoQ> g_PZo H$m nyam AmYma h & Bg g^mdZm H$mo hHo$ go boZo
dmbo amOZr{V H$r g_P _| XY_who ~o g_mZ h & AmB.Eg.AmB. H$r j_Vm VWm
^maV Ho$ {d Cg H$r H${Q>~Vm H$m AZw_mZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$Q>rZm b~ H$r
nwVH$ \o$`adob H$m~wb (2015) nT> boZr Mm{hE &
~hahmb, OoEZ`y H$r Vah Xoe^a _| H$B AH$mX{_H$ Ama _r{S>`m BH$mB`m
H$`w{ZQ>m|, MM-{_eZ[a`m|, CJdm{X`m|, AmVH$dm{X`m|, {Ohm{X`m|, _mAmodm{X`m|
Ho$ {Z`{_V ~Mmd d Mma H$m gmYZ ~Z JB h & `h BVZo b~o g_` go hmo ahm
h {H$ H$B boIH$, nH$ma, gm_m{OH$ H$m`H$Vm, Ama ^mOnm{damoYr ZoVm ^r
AZOmZo Chr {dMmam| H$mo XhamVo ahVo h, {Ogo Chm|Zo d` H$^r Zhr naIm
h & A^r ~S>o AJoOr AI~mam| mam OoEZ`y Ho$ {JaVma N>m Ho$ {V ghmZw^y{V
CnOmZm VWm gaH$ma H$m _OmH$ CS>mZm Bgr H$m CXmhaU h &

30

OoEZ`y H$m gM

OoEZ`y mo\o$gam| H$m hm{ZH$maH$ EpQ>{d_

(CXmhaU A`mo`m-{ddmX)
b~o g_` go OoEZ`y _| {d{dY N>mm|, gJR>Zm| mam ^maV{damoYr
Zmao~mOr Ama {hX{damoYr EpQ>d_ Ho$ nrN>o dh nmR> ^r h| Omo Ch|
{d{dY _mgdmXr Ama ao{S>H$b mo\o$ga nT>mVo aho h & bo{H$Z, CZ
mo\o$gam| Zo ^r IwX EpQ>{d_ H$m ZoVd {H$`m h, Ama Cg go Xoe
H$r hm{Z H$r h & Bg H$m EH$ {V{Z{Y CXmhaU A`mo`m _|
am_O_^y{_-~m~ar _pOX {ddmX h, {Og _| OoEZ`y mo\$o gam| Zo EH$
~S>r, Ama hm{ZH$maH$ ^y{_H$m {Z^mB Wr & dVwV dh H$_ I_ ^r
Zhr hAm h & hmb _| {V{>V nwammddomm, VWm Am{H$`mobm{OH$b
gd} Am\$ B{S>`m Ho$ [aQ>m`S> {ZXoeH$ Ho$. Ho$. _wh_X H$r Am_H$Wm
(_b`mb_ _|) "_ EH$ ^maVr`' H$m{eV hB h & Bg _| {bIr Hw$N>
~mVm| go A`mo`m _| am_O_^y{_-~m~ar {ddg Ho$ Xmo{f`m| na Hw$N>
Ama amoeZr nS>r h & Cg na {dMma H$aZm Mm{hE, `m|{H$ EH$ Vmo
A`mo`m _m_bm A^r IV_ Zhr hAm h & Xgao, {Ohm|Zo CgH$m
empVnyU g_mYmZ hmoZo go amoH$m, CZ _| g~ go _wI Wo OoEZ`y Ho$
_mgdmXr B{VhmgH$ma & do Ama CZ Ho$ Mobo AmO ^r Hw$N> dhr
^y{_H$m {Z^m aho h & {ddg Ho$ $n ~XbVo h, _Ja ^maVr`
Xoeg_mO Ho$ {V CZ H$r {hH$maV, ZH$MT>r _wm Zhr ~XbVr &
~hahmb, Ho$. Ho$. _wh_X H$m _y`mH$Z {H$gr gm_m` `{$
H$m H$WZ Zhr h & do EH$ {V{>V nwamVd{dX Ama gmMr Vyn,
~Q>oa _{Xa, Hw$Vw~ _rZma, Am{X H$B Eo{Vhm{gH$ Wbm| Ho$ OrUm}ma
`m AN>r XoI-aoI Ho$ {bE am>r` nwaH$mam| go g_m{ZV aho h &
Bhr Zo AnZr Am_H$Wm _| {bIm h {H$ gZ 1976-77 _| hr
A`mo`m Ho$ am_-O_^y{_-~m~ar _pOX dmbo Wb H$r IwXmB _|
hr Ch| _{Xa Ho$ AZoH$ _mU {_bo Wo & V~ VH$ Cg na H$moB

OoEZ`y H$m gM

31

AmXmobZ ^r Zhr Wm & ~mX _|,

O~ AmXmobZ CR>m V~ _wh_X Zo
dhm _{Xa aho hmoZo H$r ~mV
H$m{eV ^r H$amB Wr & {H$Vw
V~ OEZ`y Ho$ ~S>o _mgdmXr
B{VhmgH$mam| Zo AJwAmB H$a nyar
VmH$V bJmH$a `h Mma H$aZm
ew$ {H$`m {H$ dhm H$^r H$moB
_{Xa Zhr Wm, Ama gmam
AmXmobZ {hX gJR>Zm| H$r
~X_mer h & `{n, ~mX _|
gm`m| go AVV `m`mb`m| Zo
^r _mZm {H$ dhm _{Xa ahm Wm &
_wh_X Zo b~o AdbmoH$Z
go nyao gJ na Omo {Q>nUr H$r,
dh `mZ XoZo `mo` h & do H$hVo
h {H$ O~ VH$ _mgdmXr
B{VhmgH$ma Cg _m_bo _| Zhr Hy$Xo Wo, V~ VH$ empVnyU g_mYmZ Ho$ {bE
_wpb_ V`ma Wo & YmZ _r amOrd JmYr Zo Cg H$r V`mar ^r H$a br Wr &
`h Bg{bE g^d Wm {H$ V`m| na {hX Ama _wpb_ nj _o _V^oX Zhr Wm &
_{Xam| H$mo VmoS> _pOX ~ZmZo H$r ~mV| Eo{Vhm{gH$ g` h & XmoZm| g_wXm` Bgo
OmZVo h & {OZ VrZ lmWbm| - A`mo`m, _Wwam Ama H$mer - H$mo _w$ H$amZo
Ho$ {bE {hX gJR>Z AmXmobZ H$a aho Wo, dhm AVrV _| hE A`mMmam| na H$moB
gXoh Zhr ahm Wm & _Wwam Ho$ lrH$U O_-WmZ _{Xa Ama H$mer _| {dZmW
_{Xa go Vmo AmO ^r {XIVm h {H$ dhm `m hAm Wm & ~hahmb, XmoZm| nj _mZVo
Wo {H$ ~m~ar _pOX am_-O_^y{_ _{Xa Wb na ~ZmB JB Wr & {ddmX _m
g_mYmZ Ho$ d$n Ama O_rZr boZ-XoZ H$m Wm & bo{H$Z OoEZ`y B{VhmgH$mam| Zo
_wpb_m| H$mo `h H$h H$a g_mYmZ go amoH$m {H$ {hXAm| H$m Xmdm PyR>m h, Ama
Bg{bE g_PmVm H$aZm JbV hmoJm &

32

OoEZ`y H$m gM

1989 _| amo{_bm Wmna, {~{nZ M, Am{X Oo.EZ.`y. Ho$ 25 B{Vhmg

mo\o$gam| Zo g_doV $n go EH$ nwpVH$m H$m{eV H$r - B{Vhmg H$m amOZr{VH$
Xn`moJ (nmo{b{Q>H$b E`yO Am\$ {hQ>ar) & Bg Ho$ H$meH$ Ho$ $n _| ~mH$m`Xm
g|Q>a \$ma {hQ>mo[aH$b Q>S>rO, OoEZ`y, {bIm hAm Wm!
Bg H$ma, OoEZ`y Ho$ Zm_ H$m Am{YH$m[aH$ Cn`moJ EH$ amOZr{VH$
EpQ>{d_ _| {H$`m J`m & Cg nwpVH$m _| Xmdm {H$`m J`m, A~ VH$ Eogm H$moB
_mU Zhr {_bm {Og go {g hmo {H$ ~m~ar _pOX Cgr OJh ~ZmB JB Ohm
nhbo _{Xa Wm & Bg Vah, OoEZ`y Ho$ _mgdmXr B{VhmgH$mam| Zo A`mo`m _wo
na g{X`m| go \$[a`mXr {hXAm| H$mo hr H$R>Kao _| IS>m H$a {X`m! Omo Amamon
{hXAm| na H$^r, {H$gr Zo Zhr bJm`m Z _wgb_mZm|, Z AJoOm| Zo dh _mgdmXr
B{VhmgH$mam| Zo OS> {X`m! {H$ {hX bmoJ PyR>-_yR> dhm am_-O_^y{_ H$m Zm_
bo aho h &
My{H$ `h XMma _r{S>`m mam ~S>o n_mZo na \$bm, Bg{bE OoEZ`y Ho$ Zm_r
_mgdm{X`m| H$m ~b nmH$a _wpb_ ZoVm AS> JE! Ho$. Ho$. _wh_X Ho$ AZwgma,
_mgdmXr B{VhmgH$mam| Ama Hw$N> ~S>o AI~mam| Ho$ KmVH$ g`moOZ Zo _wpb_
g_wXm` H$mo {~bwH$b JbV OmZH$mar Xr & `{X dh Z hAm hmoVm Vmo _wpb_
empVnyU g_mYmZ drH$ma H$a boVo & `{X `h hmo J`m hmoVm, Vmo AmO AZoH$
Xgao _wo Omo Xoe Pob ahm h, gwbP JE hmoVo & Bg A{V_ ~mV na `mZ X|, V~
_wh_X Ho$ AmH$bZ H$r J^raVm H$m AXmOm hmoJm {H$ A`mo`m na OoEZ`y H$m
_mgdmXr hVojn {H$VZm KmVH$ ahm &
_aUr` h {H$ ^JdmZ am_ H$r Eo{Vhm{gH$Vm `m A`mo`m _| {ddmX-Wb
na _{Xa Ho$ _mU H$m gdmb _wgb_mZm| Zo Zhr IS>m {H$`m Wm & `h Z`m AS>Jm
_mgdm{X`m| H$r XoZ Wr & CZ Ho$ mam _wgb_mZm| H$mo CH$gmZo go hr g_mYmZ
Ag^d hmo J`m & AJa 1986-92 Ho$ ~rM H$r g^r g{H$`VmAm| H$mo {gb{gbodma
XoI|, V~ 6 {Xg~a 1992 H$r KQ>Zm Cg PyR>r {OX H$m n[aUm_ {XIoJr Omo
_mgdm{X`m| mam o[aV H$r JB Wr &
BYa d[a> ZoVm eaX ndma H$r Am_H$Wm _| ^r Am`m h {H$ `{X 1991
_| MeoIa gaH$ma N> _hrZo ^r Ama ahr hmoVr, Vmo A`mo`m-{ddmX H$m g_mYmZ
hmo OmVm & {d{XV h {H$ 1990-91 _| YmZ _r MeoIa Zo A`mo`m {ddmX

OoEZ`y H$m gM

33

H$mo mW{_H$Vm XoH$a hb H$aZo H$r H$mo{ee H$r Wr & {hX Ama _wpb_ njm| H$mo
AnZo-AnZo Xmdm|, _mUm| Ama namoH$mam| Ho$ gmW dmVm na {~R>m`m Wm & Eogo ^r
AZoH$ _wpb_ Wo Omo _gbo H$mo ghmZw^y{V go V` H$aZo Ho$ hm_r Wo & do {hXAm|
H$mo MwZmVr XoH$a Zhr, ~pH$ `mdhm[aH$ hb H$r Vbme _| Wo & g^m{dV g_mYmZm|
na MMm Mb ahr Wr, {Og go XmoZm| njm| H$m g_mZ ahVm Ama g_`m hb hmo
OmVr & Hw$N> {dH$nm| na H$B {hX-_wpb_ gh_V ^r {XI aho Wo & Bg{bE O~
MeoIa 1990 _| YmZ_r ~Zo, Vmo Chm|Zo J^raVm nydH$ XmoZm| njm| H$mo gmW
{~R>m`m & ~mVMrV Ho$ Omo AmYma ~ZmE JE, Omo {dMma{d_e hAm, Cg go ~hVm|
H$m _mZZm h {H$ `{X MeoIa gaH$ma Hw$N> g_` Ama ahVr Vmo {ddmX hb hmo
J`m hmoVm &
hmbm{H$, O~ Zaqgh amd H$r AJbr gaH$ma ~Zr Vmo Chm|Zo ^r {gV~a
1992 _| Ho$ gaH$ma H$m EH$ A`mo`m gob ~Zm`m & Bg _m_bo _| A~ VH$ hE
H$m_ Ama CnbY gm_{J`m| H$r g_rjm H$aHo$ `h gob VwaV {OZ ma{^H$ {ZH$fm]
na nhM m CZ _| go EH$ `h Wm _mgdmXr B{VhmgH$ma A`mo`m {ddmX Ho$ g_mYmZ
Ho$ {bE V`m| na H|${V hmoZo H$r ~OmE AnZr go`yba YmaUmAm| Ama dMm[aH$Vm
Ho$ {V A{YH$ AmJhr h (gSo> gmm{hH$, 10 Ay$~a 1992) & `m A~ ^r
H$hZo H$r O$aV h {H$ A`mo`m {ddg Ho$ Agbr {O_oXma `hr XamJhr, na
^mdembr {deofk Wo {Ohm|Zo _wgb_mZm| H$mo CH$gm H$a g^d g_PmVo H$mo
Ag^d ~Zm {X`m?
nyao gJ na Bg{bE {dMma H$aZm Mm{hE `m|{H$ dhr _mgdmXr, Ama Mmamo
Va\$ \$bo CZHo$ ao{S>H$b, dm_nWr Mobo AmO ^r Cgr Vah, Cgr _mZ{gH$Vm go
g{H$` h & do ha _wo na {hX-_wpb_ g_wXm`m| Ho$ ~rM Oha ^aZo H$m H$m_
H$aVo h & {H$gr ^r PyR>r-gr KQ>Zm H$r AmS> _| CZH$m I gXd _wgb_mZm|
H$mo ^S>H$mZo VWm {hXAm| Ho$ {d KUm \$bmZo dmbm hmoVm h & hmb _| AIbmH$,
nwaH$ma-dmngr A{^`mZ, Ag{hUwVm, amo{hV `m ggX na h_bm H$aZo dmbo
AmVH$r A\$Ob H$mo hramo ~ZmZm, Am{X {H$gr ^r na CZ Ho$ mam H$hr OmVr
~mVm| na `mZ X| & R>rH$ dhr AmJ-bJmD$, ^maV-{damoYr ad`m XoIm Om gH$Vm
h & V` H$_, `m ZXmaX, bo{H$Z {hX-{damoYr b\$mOr H$r ^a_ma & CZ H$r
Bg d{m H$mo XoIVo hE _wh_X Ho$ AdbmoH$Zm| H$r J^raVm g_PZr Mm{hE &

34

OoEZ`y H$m gM

A`mo`m _wo na ~mX _| `m`mb` _| ^r _mgdm{X`m| Zo drH$ma {H$`m {H$

Chm|Zo _m_bo H$m d` H$^r, H$moB A``Z `m emoY Zhr {H$`m Wm & CZ _| go H$B
Zo Vmo H$^r A`mo`m dmbr OJh XoIr VH$ Zhr Wr, Z dhm H$r nwamVpdH$ gm_Jr
XoIZo-g_PZo H$r H$mo{ee H$r & {\$a ^r, do dhm _{Xa Z aho hmoZo Ho$ \$Vdo bJmVma
XoVo aho h! `m Eogo bmoJm| H$m M[a nhMmZH$a, Ama gmdYmZ Zhr ahZm Mm{hE,
{Ohm|Zo Ho$db A`mo`m {ddmX _| hr Zhr, Cg go nhbo Ama ~mX _| ^r Xoe Ho$ {bE
{ddgH$ ^y{_H$mE {Z^mB h? Zo Ho$db amOZr{V, ~pH$ {ejm _| ^r &
Bg {~X na `mZ XoZm Amd`H$ h `m|{H$ AmO ^r Xoe _| bJmVma
_wgb_mZm|, BgmB`m| _| {hX {damoYr ^mdZmE ^aZo H$r g{H$`Vm VoO hmo ahr h &
XmXar _| AIbmH$ H$r h`m hmo, `m hXam~mX _| amo{hV H$r Am_h`m _mgdmXr
_hmZw^mdm| H$r {OX `m h? dhr, {~Zm V`m| H$r nadmh {H$E {hX Y_, g_mO
Ho$ {d H$rMS> CN>mbZm & {Og Vah amo{hV Ho$ AnZo A{V_ n `m [aH$mS> H$mo
AZXoIm H$a `oZ-Ho$Z {hX Y_-g_mO H$mo Xmofr R>hamZo H$r H$mo{ee hmo ahr h,
Cg _| amOZr{VH$ Co`m| H$r VrIr JY h & gmW hr, Ogo V~ A`mo`m A{^`mZ
na hAm Wm, A^r ^r AJoOr _r{S>`m H$m EH$ dJ Cgr Cgmh go {hX{damoYr
A{^`mZ Mbm ahm h &
R>rH$ Bgr{bE, Xoe Ho$ {OZ AI~mam|, n{H$mAm| Zo A`mo`m {ddmX na
OoEZ`y B{VhmgH$mam| H$r b\$mOr H$mo gH$S>m| ~ma _wIVm go Xham`m, do _wh_X
Ho$ AdbmoH$Zm| na {~bHw$b R>T>o nS>o aho & `hr nhbo ^r hAm h & IwXmB Ho$ ZE
_mU hm| `m `m`mb` Ho$ {ZU`, O~ ^r {ddm{XV A`mo`m Wb na _{Xa Ho$
Xmdo H$r nw{> hB, V~ Chr AI~mam|, nH$mam| Zo CZ B{VhmgH$mam| H$mo H$mo`bo
na Zhr KgrQ>m & Omo hmoZm Mm{hE Wm & AmpIa {OZ bmoJm| Zo ~T>-MT>H$a B{Vhmg
Ho$ V`m| na Xmdo {H$E, O~ do nyar Vah PyR>o gm{~V hE, V~ `m CZ H$r qIMmB
Zhr hmoZr Mm{hE Wr?
My{H$ _mgdm{X`m| H$mo AnZo Kmoa Ja-{O_oXmamZm H$m_m| H$m ^r H$^r {hgm~
Zhr XoZm nS>m, Bgr{bE AmO ^r do Cgr Y>Vm go, dhr H$m_ H$a aho h & AmVH$r
A\$Ob H$mo hramo ~ZmZm Chr H$r eh na hAm h, Bgo `mZ aIZm Mm{hE &
OoEZ`y _| Chm|Zo ^mobo^mbo Zd`wdmAm| H$mo `hr g~ nT>m`m, {gIm`m h & AV BZ
~mVm| H$mo ZOaAXmO H$aZm h_mao _r{S>`m H$r Ja-{O_oXmar ^r h & _mZmo Xoe Ho$

OoEZ`y H$m gM

35

^{dV` go Cg H$m H$moB boZm-XoZm Zhr hmo & _mZmo Ho$db gK-^mOnm H$r pIr
CS>mZo, Ama _m_ybr ~mVm| na CmoOZm \$bmZo _|, Bg ZoVm `m Cg Xb H$r {_>r
nbrX H$aZo _| hr Cgo ag {_bVm hmo & _Ja Ch| AnZo d`{$H$, gm_m{OH$
CmaXm{`d na ^r H$^r {dMma H$aZm Mm{hE &
H$B ~ma {H$gr KQ>Zm _| _m EH$ Vd H$r ^y{_H$m {ZUm`H$ hmo OmVr h &
Ogo, Ho$db EH$ dmoQ> go gaH$ma {Ja gH$Vr h, Cgr Vah EH$ JbV H$X_ go
H$moB {ddmX gwbPZo Ho$ ~Xbo b~r, H$_~ Aem{V _| ~Xb gH$Vm h & A`mo`m
_| am_-O_^y{_-~m~ar _pOX {ddg dgr hr KQ>Zm Wr & {Og _| OoEZ`y
B{VhmgH$mam| H$mo _Z_mZo Iwbm IobZo H$r Ny>Q> XoZo Ho$ {ddgH$mar n[aUm_ hE &
nH$mam| H$mo Bg na gmoMZm Mm{hE {H$ AnZo go`ybadmXr, {hX-{damoYr
njnmV go do {H$go _O~yV Ama {H$go H$_Omoa H$aVo h, VWm {ZaVa `hr H$aVo
ahZo go OZVm _| Eogo XmohaonZ H$r `m {V{H$`m hmoVr h? O~ do Bg na _ZZ
H$a|Jo, V^r g_P nmEJo {H$ am_O_^y{_-~m~ar _pOX Ho$ {ddg `m JwOamV
XJo Ogr n[aKQ>ZmE b~o g_` go O_m hmoVo Cg jmo^ H$m hr \$b Wr, {Og _|
_mgdm{X`m| Ho$ gmW-gmW go`ybadmXr, {hX-ofr _r{S>`m _hmZw^mdm| H$r ^r
CVZr hr ^y{_H$m Wr & `m AmO ^r do Ho$db {hX Y_, g_mO, ar{V`m| na hr
gXd H$Q>mj H$aVo ahZo _| R>rH$ dgm hr Zhr H$a aho h? O~{H$ BgmB`V `m
Bbm_ go OwS>r ^`mdh nanamAm| na ^r EH$ eX Zhr ~mobVo - Mmho hOmam| emh
~mZmo, B_amZm, OarZm, hgrZm, Am{X H$r V~mhr hmoVr aho & Bg XmohaonZ na {hX
g_mO _| Omo H$moY EH$ hmoVm h, Cg Ho$ Xmofr _r{S>`m gaXma ^r h &
Xme{ZH$ g|Q>m`Zm H$r C{$ {g h Omo B{Vhmg go Zhr grIVo, do dhr
B{Vhmg XhamZo Ho$ {bE A{^e ahVo h & {dJV AZoH$ XeH$m| _| _mgdm{X`m|,
ao{S>H$bm|, go`yadm{X`m|, Am{X {hX-ofr amOZr{VH$ VmH$Vm| H$r g{H$`Vm Ho$
hm{Z-bm^ H$m {hgm~ h_|, {deofH$a nH$mam| H$mo H$aZm hr Mm{hE & A`mo`m
{ddg _| OoEZ`y _mgdm{X`m| H$r KmVH$ ^y{_H$m CXmhaU _m h, {Og Ho$
{ZH$f {ejmX h & Eogo AZoH$ gJ {XImE Om gH$Vo h & na CZ g~ H$mo
AZoXIm H$a {H$gr ^r _wo na Ho$db B{S>`Z Q>oQ> Ama {hX Y_-nanam H$mo
bm{N>V H$aZo Ho$ A{^`mZ _| dhr _yT>Vm h &

36

OoEZ`y H$m gM

OoEZ`y _| A\$Ob-nyOm H$m AW

OoEZ`y _| ggX na h_bm H$aZo dmbo AmVH$dmXr _wh_X
A\$Ob H$mo hramo ~ZmZo Ho$ {deof {Z{hVmW h & Bgo R>rH$ go g_Pm
OmZm Mm{hE & A\$Ob Z Vmo g{XY AmVH$dmXr Wm, Z hr
nMmVmnr & CgZo `m`mb` Ho$ A{V_ \$gbo Ho$ ~mX ^r {ZgH$moM
H$hm Wm {H$ Cgo _mH$m {_bo, Vmo {\$a dhr H$aoJm & AV A\$Ob H$mo
_{h_m_{S>V H$aZo dmbm| H$m BamXm ereo H$r Vah gm\$ h {H$ ^maV
H$mo Z> H$aZm, VWm Bg na Bbm_r gm_m`dmX H$m H$Om ~ZmZm
AWdm ~ZmZo _| gh`moJ XoZm & OoEZ`y Ho$ ao{S>H$b N>m, Cgo ganaV
mo\o$ga `h g_P H$a hr A\$Ob Zm`H$ ~Zm aho h & Bg Ho$ J^ra
{Z{hVmW {~bHw$b n> h &
gmW hr, A\$Ob na hmoZo dmbr go`yba amOZr{V go dh
nQ>Z ^r nwZ n> hmoVm h, {Ogo XoIZo go h_mam _r{S>`m, {dV dJ
Ama ZoVmJU g^r BH$ma H$aVo h & BH$ma H$aHo$ Cgo Ama _O~yVr
VWm {dmg XmZ H$aVo h & `h nQ>Z h nyao ^maV H$r amOZr{V
na Bbm_r {deofm{YH$ma WmonZm & OoEZ`y, OmYdnwa VWm AJoOr
_r{S>`m Ho$ EH$ {hgo mam OoEZ`y _| A\$Ob _{h_m_S>Z na CbQ>o
gaH$ma VWm {hX gJR>Zm| H$r N>rN>mboXa Cg {deofm{YH$ma H$r
drH${V hr h &
b~o g_` go Bg nyao nQ>Z Ho$ g^r MaUm| H$mo gm\$-gm\$
nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h & nhbm, {H$gr ^r AmVH$r H$mS> Ho$ ~mX hmoZo
dmbr Ya-nH$S> _| `{X H$moB _wpb_ nH$S>m OmVm h, V~ {d{^
gJR>Z, ZoVm Am{X \$maZ ~`mZ XoVo h {H$ {ZXm}f _wgb_mZm| H$mo VJ
{H$`m Om ahm h & Ogo A^r-A^r EH$ ~S>o _wpb_ ZoVm Zo YmZ
_r go {_b H$a H$hm {H$ Bbm_r Q>oQ> (AmB{gg) go OwS>r YS>nH$S> _| {ZXm}f H$mo naoemZ Z {H$`m OmE & Xgao MaU _|, O~

OoEZ`y H$m gM

37

OmM-nS>Vmb na nwVm _mU {_bVo h V~ H$hm OmVm h {H$ Agbr Xmof Vmo
AmVH$r H$m Zhr, ~pH$ B{S>`Z Q>oQ> H$m h Omo _wgb_mZm| {V ^oX-^md H$aVr
h, H$_r[a`m| H$mo gVmVr h, Am{X & Cgr go jwY hmoH$a Hw$N> _wgb_mZ {VH$ma
Ho$ {bE CR> IS>o hmoVo h & AV CZ H$r qhgm {V{H$`m h, AnamY Zhr &
Bg{bE H|$ H$mo Eogm `m dgm H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ H$_rar amhV _hgyg
H$a|, Am{X &
Vrgao MaU _|, O~ {H$gr no$ AmVH$dmXr H$mo nyar `m{`H$ {H$`m Ho$ ~mX
AXmbV go gOm gwZmB OmVr h, V~ gOm gwZmZo dmbo `m`mYrem| H$r h`m hmoZo

H$r g^mdZm (\$mI AXm H$m H$WZ) Ogr gmHo${VH$ Y_{H$`m| go boH$a Iwbo
AmXmobZ VH$ ha MrO H$m ghmam {b`m OmVm h & Vm{H$ AmVH$r H$mo ~Mm`m OmE &
{\$a ^r, AVV O~ Cgo _`wXS> Xo {X`m OmE, V~ Cgo Zm`H$ ~ZmZo VWm nyar
^maVr` `m`nm{bH$m, amOZr{VH$ V H$mo hr h`mam H$hH$a AmXmobZ ew$ hmoVm
h & Bgo ~S>o-~S>o _wpb_ ZoVm _mZ `m _wIa g_WZ XoVo h & Ohm CZ H$m ~g
Mbo, Ogo H$_ra, dhm Bg ZO[aE H$mo amOH$r` g_WZ XoH$a am` Ho$ ~X Ama
{dYmZ g^m _| Cgo AmVH$r H$mo g_mZ XoZo Ogo H$m` ^r ~oYS>H$ hmoVo h &
`h gmao MaU _wh_X A\$Ob gJ _| BH$>o XoI gH$Vo h & `h ^r, {H$
Xoe Ho$ AZoH$ ZoVm VWm AJOr _r{S>`m {d{M I boH$a dgo AmVH$dmXr, VWm
Cgo hramo ~ZmZo dmbm| Ho$ hr nj _| hr ghmZw^y{V CS>obZo bJVo h & `h Xoe Ho$

38

OoEZ`y H$m gM

^rVa go dV hmoZo H$r {Xem _| ~T>Zo H$m gHo$V h & `m|{H$ BZ ZoVmAm|, _r{S>`m
_hmZw^mdm| H$m Xoe ^a _| _mZ-g_mZ h & AV AZm`mg Zhr {H$ H$_rar
_wpb_ nyao ^maV H$mo AnZo MmH$a H$r Vah g_PVo h, {Ogo CZ H$r ha BN>m
_mZZr hmoJr & Cg _| g{dYmZ, H$mZyZ, `m`, gm_m` ~w{, Am{X {H$gr H$m
H$moB _hd Zhr & Xoe Ama Xoe^{$ Vmo, Ia, Bbm_ Ho$ g_j H$moB MrO dgo
^r Zhr h !
Bgr{bE H$_r[a`m| H$m Wm`r nVam _wh_X A\$Ob gJ _| gnyUV XoIm
Om gH$Vm h & Bg _| CZHo$ mam ^maVr` g{dYmZ, `m`V Ama OZ^mdZm H$r
Iwbr Ad_mZZm Ho$ gmW-gmW X~J _wm _| AmVH$dmX Ho$ gmW Iwbr ^mB~Xr
^r Om{ha h & A\$Ob na H$_rar _wgb_mZm| H$r nyar amOZr{V ereo H$r Vah
nmaXer ~mobVr h - h_ Vwh| _ma|Jo, Vwhmar ggX Ama ZoVmAm|, _{`m| VH$ H$r
h`m H$aZm Mmh|J,o _Ja Vw_ h_| Hw$N> Z H$hmo! `{X H$hmoJ,o Vmo h_ Vwhmar \$OrhV
H$a|Jo Ama Vwh| hr AnamYr ~VmEJo & AbJ-AbJ eXm| _|, AXmO _|, A{YH$me
H$_rar ZoVmAm| Zo `hr I {XIm`m h &
ZoeZb H$m\|$g H$m gdm} ZoVm H$hVm h {H$ A\$Ob gmh~ H$mo \$mgr XoZo
go H$_rar bmoJ AbJmd Ama A`m` _hgyg H$a aho h; Xgam H$_rar ZoVm
nm{H$VmZ OmH$a _w~B AmVH$r H$mS> aMZo dmbo Ho$ gmW _M na ~R> H$a A\$Ob
H$m emoH$ _ZmVm h & ~mH$r H$_rar ^r AnZo-AnZo VarHo$ go aO {XImVo h &
H$mJog Ho$ ZoVm A\$Ob Or H$h H$a Cg AmVH$r H$m CoI H$aVo h, {Ogo AnZo
{H$E H$m H$moB nN>Vmdm Z Wm & ~pH$ {Og Zo H$hm Wm {H$ Cgo _mH$m {_bo, Vmo
{\$a dhr H$m_ H$aoJm &
Eogr pW{V _| O~ AJoOr _r{S>`m, amhb JmYr Ama H$B ZoVm, ~w{Ordr
Cg AmVH$r VWm Cgo hramo ~ZmZo dmbo _yI N>mm| `m AmB.Eg.AmB. EO|Q>m| Ho$ {V
g_WZ `$ H$aVo h, V~ g_PZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Zhr ~M OmVm & {H$ CXmadmXr
Ama AmVH$dmXr H$_rar `m _wgb_mZ H$r eXmdbr Ho$db nM h & O~ ggX
na IwboAm_ AmVH$r h_bm H$a ^maVr` ZoVmAm| H$m gm_y{hH$ ghma H$aZo H$r
H$mo{ee H$aZo dmbo Ho$ {bE H$_r[a`m| _| Eogr lm h, V~ Vmo H$_ra _| {hXAm|
H$m g\$m`m H$aZm VWm gwajm ~bm| na h_bm H$aZm do AnZm O_{g A{YH$ma
hr g_PVo hm|Jo!

OoEZ`y H$m gM

39

Eogr pW{V _| {dMma-{d_e H$r gmar eXmdbr ZH$br hmo OmVr h & h_mao
ZoVmAm|, ~w{Or{d`m| H$r ~ZmdQ>r ~mVm| Ama H${WV gwnanmda ~ZZo `m {dH$mg H$aZo
Ho$ T>H$mogbo Ho$ ~mdOyX X{Z`m Ho$ gm_Zo h_mar X~bVm ~onXm hmo OmVr h &
gd{d{XV h {H$ X{Z`m Ho$ g_m{ZV Xoe AnZr ggX `m g^wVm na h_bm
H$aZo dmbm| dmbm| H$mo `m Cma X|Jo & `wJm|-`wJm| go Wm{nV {Z`_ h {H$ am`
H$r ajm ~b go hmoVr h - dra ^mo`m dgwY am & `{X ~b Zhr, g` Ama Am_~b
XmoZm|, Vmo am` AmnH$m Zhr ahoJm, `h X{Z`m H$m {ZandmX AZw^d h & AV ew
~mha H$m hmo `m Ka H$m, Cgo I_ H$aZm `m H$mamJma XoZm `hr amOY_ h & ZH$br
_whmdao, {Zdr` {dZ_Vm Ama PyR>o {gmV Bgo {N>nm Zhr gH$Vo &
X>, AhH$mar `m CS> H$mo XS> Ho$ ~OmE nwMH$ma {dnarV \$bXm`r hmoVr h &
eR>o emR>_ g_mMaoV - H$hmdV| Eogo hr Zhr ~ZVr & CZ Ho$ nrN>o g{X`m| Ho$
AdbmoH$Z go ~Zr R>mog gmB hmoVr h & gV VwbgrXmg Zo ^r {bIm Wm, ~mobo
am_ gH$mon V~ ^` {~Zw hmoB Z r{V & Chm|Zo Bgr H$mo H$hr Ama Xgar Vah
H$hm, Q>oT> Om{Z eH$m g~ H$mh, dH$ M_m Jgqh Z amh &
AV gmo{ME, O~ _ZwO $n _| ^JdmZ H$mo ^r {H$gr X>, AhH$mar Ho$ {bE

40

OoEZ`y H$m gM

r{V H$m AmYma nhbo A-~b H$mo ~ZmZm nS>m, V~ h_mao ImXr `m g\$marYmar, `m H$_{Kgy ~w{Ordr Ama {MmD$ Q>r.dr. nH$ma H$mZ gr MrO h!
H$_ra _| Xmo XeH$m| go Mb ahr Omoa-O~XVr ^maV Ho$ {d `w h &
`h `w ~mhar AmH$_UH$mar Hw$N> ^rVar e{$`m| Ho$ gh`moJ go Mbm aho h & Bg
_| ~mhar Ama ^rVar H$m ^oX H$aZm na_ _yI ~ZZm h & amOmo{h`m|, nmMd| XVm|,
q$gqbJ, O`MXm| Am{X Ho$ {bE gmar X{Z`m H$r am` nanam Ama ^r H$R>moa XS>
aIVr AmB h & na JmYrOr H$m AZwH$aU H$aVo h_mao g^r ZoVm, ~w{Ordr Ch|
gX^md go OrVZo H$m dhr hm`mnX `mg H$aVo Mbo aho h &
S>m. am_ _Zmoha bmo{h`m Zo Bgr d{m na H$hm Wm {H$ Am_g_nU H$mo
gm_O` g_PZm nabo XO} H$r _yIV m Ama {ZbVm h & `hr d{m ^rVar, ~mhar
AmH$m_H$m| H$r ^yI Ama ~T>mVr h & nm{H$VmZ ~ZmZo H$r drH${V go H$_ra H$r
^yI nXm hB & H$_ra bo boZo na Ag_ Ho$ {bE nXm hmoJr & {\$a eof ~Jmb... &
`h {H$`m I_ hmoZo dmbr Zhr & `m|{H$ dra ^mo`m dgwYam & `h Ho$db ^maVr`
emm| Zo hr Zhr H$hm & ~ar ^r `hr H$hVo h &
dVwV Amgwar e{$`m|, X>Vm Ama AY_ H$mo AmI {_bmH$a Z XoIZm Ama
Cg Ho$ {VH$ma H$m T> Cnm` Z H$aZm, H${R>Z Zm| na {Z^` hmoH$a {dMma{d_e
VH$ Z H$aZm `h {nN>bo gm df go {hX ^maV H$r _yb X~bVm ahr h &
lrAa{dX Zo H$hm Wm, h_Zo e{$ H$mo N>moS> {X`m h Ama Bg{bE e{$ Zo
^r h_| N>moS> {X`m h & am_m`U, _hm^maV, Zr{VeVH$ g_oV `oH$ _hmZ {ejm
H$mo ^wbmH$a h_Zo X>m|, AmVVm{``m| H$mo ghZo H$r Zr{V AnZm br & `h Y_ Zhr,
AY_ h & Bgr{bE ^maV H$mo ~ma-~ma bpmV hmoZm nS>Vm h & ^maV {d^mOZ go
boH$a, 1948, 1962, 1965, H$ma{Jb Ama {dJV Xmo XeH$ go H$_ra `h g^r
EH$ hr X~bVm Ho$ {^ $n h & h_mao g^r H$UYma AmVVm`mo> H$r Iwem_X H$a
H$m_ {ZH$mbZm MmhVo h & `h ^rVm gmao {OhmXr, CJdmXr, AbJmddmXr OmZVo
h & A\$Ob na H$_r[a`m| H$m J_r {XImZm Bgr OmZH$mar Ho$ ~b na h &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

41

AH$mX{_H$ dm`mVm H$m Xn`moJ

OoEZ`y _| ZdrZV_ ^maV-{damoYr H$mS>, AmVH$r _wh_X
A\$Ob Ho$ nj _| VWm ^maV Voao Qw>H$S>o hm|Jo, BemAmh, BemAmh
VWm ^maV H$r ~a~mXr VH$, H$_ra H$r AmOmXr VH$, OJ H$a|Jo, OJ
H$a|Jo H$r Zmao~mOr Ho$ ~mX Xoe _| OoEZ`y H$r ^mar ~XZm_r hB h &
bo{H$Z Eogr KQ>ZmE dhm nhbr ~ma Zhr hB & nhbo ^r AZ{JZV hmo
MwH$r h & `{X {d{dmb` emgZ Zo H$moB [aH$mS> aIm hmo, Vmo {dJV
gmobh dfm] _| hr ^maV-_wXm~mX! Ho$ Zmao dhm gH$S>m| ~ma C[aV
hE & {hX-Y_ Ho$ {d N>rQ>m-H$er, {dfd_Z, Am{X H$m Vmo H$moB
AV hr Zhr ahm h & _mpIH$ Ama {bpIV XmoZm| & Bg{bE, Bg Z`o,
A\$Ob-nyOm g_mamoh Ho$ ~mX Xoe ^a _| OoEZ`y Ho$ {d amof CR>Zm
g~ H$m `mbm ^a OmZo Ogr ~mV h &
OoEZ`y Ho$ dm_nWr mo\$o ga AnZr ~`mZ~m{O`m| go Ama ~wam H$a
aho h & mo. ha~g _wpI`m Zo AhH$manydH$ go `mHy$~ _o_Z Ama
_wh_X A\$Ob XmoZm| H$m ~Mmd {H$`m Ama KUm go ^a H$a ^maV
gaH$ma H$mo Iar-ImoQ>r gwZmB & Hw$N> mo\o$ga ^maV Ho$ Qw>H$S>o H$aZo
dmbr Zmao~mOr H$mo AX$Zr _m_bm _mZH$a nw{bg emgZ na X~md
S>mb aho h {H$ _m_bm a\$m-X\$m H$ao & do {d{dmb` _| ~mha go
AmH$a ^maV-{damoYr gm{Oe H$aZo dmbo {Ohm{X`m| Ama Ch| gh`moJ
XoZo dmbo dm_nWr N>mm| H$m ~Mmd Eogo H$a aho h Ogo dh _m_ybr
eamaV, `m dh ^r Z hmo & BZ mo\o$gam| H$m ad`m g`moJ Zhr & mo.
amo{_bm Wmna Zo 1993 _| \$mg Ho$ {g AI~ma b _m|X H$mo BQ>a`y
_| gVmnydH$ ^{d`dmUr H$r Wr, {H$ ^maV EH$ Zhr ahoJm & `mZr,
OoEZ`y mo\$o gam| _| H$B d` dgo hr {dMma aIVo nmbVo h & H$B nhbo
N>m Ho$ $n _| Cgr H$ng _| dgr hr Zmao~mOr H$aVo aho h & Bg{bE
^maV-{damoYr J{V{d{Y`m| H$m ~Mmd H$aVo hE dmVd _| do AnZm
~Mmd H$a aho h &

42

OoEZ`y H$m gM

Bg H$_ _|, do {Kgo [aH$mS> H$r Vah ~ma-~ma A{^`{$ dVVm `m

{d{dmb` H$r dm`mVm H$r Xbrb XoVo h & H$`w{ZQ> _VdmX Ho$ M~r-MdU
Zo CZ H$r _{V ha br h & `h CZ Ho$ mam ~ZmE g_mO {dkmZ d _mZ{dH$r
nmR>H$_, nmR>-gyMr VWm Jmo>r-go{_Zmam| _| hr Zhr, CZ H$r gmdO{ZH$ Xbrbm|
_| ^r XoIm Om gH$Vm h & bo{H$Z {Og Xoe Zo Ch| A{^`{$ dVVm Xr h,
Cgr Ho$ Qw>H$S>o H$aZo H$r Zmao~mOr _yIVm h `m YyVVm? H$B mo\o$gam| Zo `m Vmo Cg
Zmao~mOr H$m g_WZ {H$`m `m Cgo _mZ Vah Xr h & OoEZ`y {ejH$ gK Zo AmO
VH$ {H$gr H$m`H$_ mam ^maV _wXm~mX `m Bg Ho$ Qw>H$S>o H$aZo Ogr ~mVm| Ho$ {d
N>m-gJR>Zm| H$mo g_PmZo H$m H$m` Zhr {H$`m & Xgar Amoa, H$B Xoe^$ _Zr{f`m|
AWdm ZoVmAm|, gJR>Zm| Ho$ {d XMma d` CZ mo\o$gam| Zo {H$`m h &
mo\o$gam| H$r Xbrb _| ~w{Z`mXr JbVr `h ^r h {H$ do {d{dmb` H$r
dm`mVm H$mo amOZr{VH$ dm`mVm Ogr n[a^m{fV H$a aho h! _Ja g{dYmZ Ama
ggX Zo Ch| AH$mX{_H$ dm`mVm Xr h, Z {H$ amOZr{VH$ & AV mo\o$ga `m
Vmo MVwamB {XIm aho h `m AkmZ & ha hmb _|, {Og ggX Zo Ch| dm`mVm Xr
h Cgr ggX na h_bm H$aZo dmbo {OhmXr AmVH$r H$mo hramo ~ZmZm, Ama H$_ra
H$r AmOmXr H$m A{^`mZ MbmZm; `h g~ {ZgXoh KmVH$ amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m
h & {Og Ho$ {bE {d{dmb` Zhr ~Zm`m J`m Wm & AV Mmho ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ $n
_| ao{S>H$b mo\o$gam| d CZ Ho$ Mobm| H$mo {M-{d{M ~mV| ~mobZo, Zmao bJmZo, Am{X
H$r dVVm h & bo{H$Z Cg Ho$ {bE {d{dmb` H$r O_rZ, gw{dYmAm|, ggmYZm|
VWm Zm_ H$m Cn`moJ H$aZm {~bwH$b JbV h &
`h ^r _aUr` h {H$ {H$ S>m. amYmH$UZ H$r A`jVm _| {d{dmb`
{ejm Am`moJ (1948) H$r AZwegm _| `h ^r {bIm Wm {H$ {d{dmb` Ho$ N>m
gKm| H$mo amOZr{VH$ Co` Ama J{V{d{Y`m| go _w$ aIZm Mm{hE & Cgr Am`moJ
Ho$ {ZX}e go dV ^maV _| {d{dmb` J{R>V {H$E JE & AV {d{dmb` H$r
J{V{d{Y`m| H$m amOZr{VH$aU Z Ho$db {ejm Ho$ Co`m| Ho$ {d h, ~pH$
{d{dmb` Ho$ {Z`_m| Ho$ {d ^r h &
dgo ^r, {Og Vah `m`mb`m|, emgH$m| go amOZr{V-_w$ H$m` H$r Anojm
H$r OmVr h, Cgr Vah {d{dmb`m| go ^r & A`Wm {ejm MmnQ> hmoJr & OoEZ`y
Bgr H$m _mU h & dhm {dJV XeH$m| H$r J{V{d{Y`m {XImVr h {H$ AH$mX{_H$

OoEZ`y H$m gM

43

dm`mVm H$mo amOZr{VH$ EpQ>{d_ Ho$ H$m_ _| ~Xb {X`m J`m h & Ogm D$na,
am_ O_^y{_-~m~ar _pOX {ddmX Ho$ gJ _| XoI MwH$o h, `h g~ H$aZo-H$admZo
dmbo N>m Zhr, ~pH$ _ybV dhm Ho$ mo\o$ga Wo &
Bg{bE, OoEZ`y H$r AH$mX{_H$ dm`mVm H$mo amOZ{VH$ dm`mVm _| ~Xb
boZo H$r Hw${Q>bVm I_ H$aZm O$ar h & dhm g_mO {dkmZ Ed _mZ{dH$r {ejm
amOZr{VH$ Co`m| H$r godm _| g_{nV H$r Om MwH$r h & Bgr{bE dhr go Eogo
g_mMma AmVo h, O~ {H$ {Xr _| hr XOZ ^a {d{dmb` h & AmpIa eof OJhm|
_| {ejH$m|, N>mm| _| Eogo {dMma `m| Zhr AmVo {H$ do H$_ra H$mo _w$ H$amZo, `m
_mAmodm{X`m| mam h_mao gwajm ~bm| H$r h`m H$m OZ _ZmZo, `m A\$Ob gmh~
H$r nyOm H$a|? `m {Xr _| Ama g^r {ejU gWmZ ~w{hrZ `m Jwbm_ h, Ama
Ho$db OoEZ`y _| ~w{ d AH$mX{_H$ dVVm h?
Eogr Xbrb Bg{bE ^r JbV hmoJr `m|{H$ dhr mo\o$ga d N>mZoVm O~
OoEZ`y N>moS> H$hr Ama Mbo OmVo h, Vmo CZ H$r dhr ~w{ Hw$N> Zhr nXm H$aVr!
O~{H$ Ch| dVVm Vmo nyao Xoe _| CnbY h! V~ Ho$db OoEZ`y _| dm`mVm
Eogm Hw$pgV n[aUm_ Hgo XoVr h {H$ Cgo CXmaVmnydH$ YZ XoZo dmbo am>n{V H$mo
hr Iwbo Am_ Jmbr Xo Ama {H$gr
YmZ _r (B{Xam JmYr) `m {dm
_r (nr. {MX~a_) H$mo
{d{dmb` Z AmZo Xo? `h Vmo
gm\$ amOZr{VH$ O~XVr Ama
nM h &
OoEZ`y _| {ZaVa Hw$N> Eogm
hmoVm ahm h, Omo Xoe Ho$ OZ_V
Vmo Xa, d` {d{dmb` H$r
Mmhr _| ^r bmoJm| H$r g_P go
_ob Zhr ImVm & OoEZ`y n[aga
Ho$ Mmamo Amoa YZr, Jar~, ehar,
Jm_rU, _`dJ Ama Xoe ^a Ho$
gKferb `wdm ^r ahVo h & BZ

44

OoEZ`y H$m gM

BbmH$m| - dgV {dhma, _wZraH$m, H$Q>d[a`m Ama dgV Hw$O - _| bmoJ CZ

amOZr{VH$ {dMmam| go gh_{V Zhr aIVo Omo OoEZ`y N>m gK H$m {Z`{_V I
ahm h & A\$Ob H$r \$mgr Ho$ ~mX OoEZ`y N>m gK Zo Am{YH$m[aH$ nmoQ>a bJmH$a
am>n{V Ud _wIOr H$mo H$m`a h`mam H$hm Wm & H$ng go ~mha Eogm nmoQ>a
bmJZo _| do {nQ> OmVo! _Ja OoEZ`y _| `h H$aZm Z Ho$db gm_m` h, ~pH$ emZ
Ama ~m{H$Vm H$m VrH$ h &
bo{H$Z g_PZo _| H$moB JbVr Zhr H$aZr Mm{hE {H$ AH$mX{_H$ dm`mVm
H$r AmS> _| OoEZ`y H$ng H$mo ^maV-{damoYr J{V{d{Y`m| H$m gwa{jV A>m ~Zo ahZo
XoZm Xoe Ho$ {bE Am_KmV g_mZ h & {ejm H$m Zme Vmo `h h hr & OoEZ`y H$r
{d{M _mZ{gH$Vm {H$gr JhZ ~m{H$Vm H$m n[aUm_ Zhr, ~pH$ XeH$m| Ho$ gJ{R>V
amOZr{VH$ `Z go ^maV-{damoYr ~ZmB JB h & `h H$`w{ZQ> mo\o$gam| mam
{ejm Ho$ Kmoa amOZr{VH$aU H$m _m_bm h, Omo AH$mX{_H$ dm`mVm H$m Xn`moJ
H$aHo$ hAm &
gwr_ H$moQ> Zo ^r AnZo {ZU`m| _| {d{dmb`m| H$mo {dV dVVm
(EHo$So>{_H$ \$rS>_) H$r ~mV H$hr h & {d{dmb` {ejm Am`moJ Zo ^r
{d{dmb`m| H$mo gdm} ~m{H$ CnbpY`m m H$aZo Ho$ {bE dVVm XoZo H$r
AZwegm H$r Wr & bo{H$Z h_mao ZoVmAm| Ho$ AkmZ, Amb` Ama Xb~Xr H$m bm^
CR>mH$a dm_nWr mo\o$gam| Zo Bg H$m AW VmoS>-_amoS> H$a amOZr{VH$ monoJS>m H$r
dVVm _| ~Xb S>mbm & Yrao-Yrao Xgmhg BVZm ~T> J`m {H$ Iwbr ^maV{damoYr J{V{d{Y`m ^r Bgr AmS> _| Mb ahr h & gm_m{OH$-_mZ{dH$r {df`m| _|
{d{dmb` Ho$ Agbr H$m_, {ejm Ama emoY H$r JwUdmm MmnQ> H$r Om MwH$r
h & H$`w{ZQ>m| H$r AnZr amOZr{V Ho$ H$_Omoa hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX Xoe Ho$ X_Z
CZ H$m {Z`{_V Cn`moJ H$a aho h & OoEZ`y H$m Z`m H$mS> Bgr H$m CXmhaU Wm &
A^r g_` h {H$ ggX _| ~R>o ZoVm bmoJ Xbr` gH$rUVm go D$na CR>H$a
{ejm H$mo amOZr{VH$aU H$r OH$S> go _w$ H$a| & Zhr Vmo, _wh_X A\$Ob Ho$
_{h_m_S>Z go gm\$ h {H$ CZ H$r ggX H$m ApVd hr IVao _| h! Ohm OmZo
Ama ~Zo ahZo Ho$ {bE do ha Vah H$r OmoS>-VmoS> H$aVo ahVo h &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

45

g_mYmZ na {dMma
gM `h h {H$ OoEZ`y Ogr JS>~S>r H$_mo-~oe AZoH$
{d{dmb`m|, Ama H$B AH$mX{_H$ gWmAm| _| \$b JB h & `h
dV ^r hAm h, `mZr AX$Zr dm_nWr Ama go`ybar amOZr{V H$r
J{Vd{d{Y`m| Ho$ n[aUm_d$n & gmW hr, Xoe Ho$ ~mha Ho$ Vdm| H$r
oaUm, bmo^Z VWm gJ{R>V CH$gmdo Ho$ ~b na ^r & CZ _| H$B
Vd ^maV Ho$ {hVfr Zhr, ~pH$ {H$gr Z {H$gr H$ma Ho$ ew hr
h & Ogo, MM-{_eZar gWmAm| mam ~ZmE JE emoY-gWmZ, Omo
X{bV-{d_e, r-{d_e, Am{Xdmgr emoY VWm _mZdm{YH$ma {ejU,
Am{X Zm_m| na JbV `m A{Va{OV A`mMma gm{h` JT>Vo h, Vm{H$
{hX g_mO H$mo {d^$, ^{_V Ama H$_Omoa {H$`m Om gHo$, Vm{H$
Bgo VmoS> H$a Yrao-Yrao BgmB ~Zm`m Om gHo$ & BZ gWmAm| Ho$ gmW
OoEZ`y Ho$ g_mO {dkmZ {ejU {d^mJm| H$m Jham, H$m_-H$mOr g~Y
h &
AV Cn`w$ JS>~{S>`m| Ho$ gX^ _| Hw$N> VmH$m{bH$ VWm Hw$N>
XaJm_r Cnm`m| na {dMma H$aZm Mm{hE &
EH$ Vmo `h {H$ {d{dmb`m| _| amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| Ho$ b~o,
hm{ZH$maH$ AZw^d go Bg na ^r gmoMZm Amd`H$ h {H$ AmpIa
g_mO H$mo {d{dmb`m| H$r Amd`H$Vm {H$g{bE h, Ama CZ go
`m AnojmE h?
g^r _hmZ {ejm-em{`m| H$m _mZZm ahm h {H$ {dmWrOrdZ
_| g~ H$mo Cg H$r {V^m Ama {M Ho$ AZwgma kmZ, IobHy$X Ho$
gmW gm{hp`H$-H$bm_H$ Adga {_bZo Mm{hE & qH$Vw Bg _|
amOZr{VH$ g{H$`Vm ha Vah go KmVH$ h & dh {dmWr Ho$ g_`
H$m Xn`moJ Ho$ {gdm Eogo O{Q>b jo _| hmW S>mbZm ^r h {OgH$r
gr g_P A~moY {H$emoam| H$mo Zhr hmoVr & Zhr hmo gH$Vr & Bgr{bE

46

OoEZ`y H$m gM

H$B Zm~m{bJ Ama An[an$ `wdm {~Zm gMmB OmZ A~yP Zmao Ama b\$m{O`m
XhamVo dfm] ~~mX H$a XoVo h & V~ nVm MbVm h {H$ Chm|Zo AmH$fH$ {XIZo dmbo
{dMmam| Ho$ g_mohZ _| d` H$mo ^r nyUV _yI ~Zm`m & {H$ {Z{hV amOZr{VH$
dmWm] Zo CZH$m Cn`moJ AnZo A-e Ho$ $n _| {H$`m &
AV R>T>o {X_mJ go {dMma H$a| {H$ N>m OrdZ _| amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| _|
nS>Zo H$r Amd`H$Vm hr `m h? amOZr{VH$ A`mg Ho$ Zm_ na {d{dmb`m|
H$mo _VdmXr AY{dmg, dm_nWr b\$mOr `m XmXm{Jar H$r Amam_Jmh ~ZmZm {H$g
Ho$ {hV _| h? OoEZ`y H$m B{Vhmg Bg H$m n> Cma XoVm h &
{\$a, `m A{YH$me {ejH$, _mVm-{nVm Ama N>m MmhVo ^r h {H$ H$mbO
o {d{dmb`m| _| amOZr{V H$r Zgar Mbo? `{X Zhr, Vmo {\$a `m| {ejm H|$m| _|
amOZr{VH$ Mma, A{^`mZ, Am{X H$r Ny>Q> Xo Xr JB h? Xoe H$m OZ_V Bg Ho$
nj _| {~bHw$b Zhr h &
A{YH$me {d{dmb` amOZr{V go JV hmoH$a MmnQ> hmo aho h & b~o g_`
go n{_ ~Jmb, Cma Xoe, {Xr, H$ZmQ>H$ Ama Ho$ab Am{X _| H$B WmZm| na
N>m-amOZr{V Ho$ Zm_ na qhgm Ama CnmV hmoVm ahm h & H$B OJh N>m-gK
MwZmd na hr {V~Y bJmZm nS>m &
dm_nWr {dMmaYmam dmbr N>m-amOZr{V ^r ~ohVa Zhr, ~pH$ Ama
hm{ZH$maH$ h & `h OoEZ`y H$m hmb gm\$ {XImVm h & do {dMmaYmam Ho$ Zm_ na
Kmoa AkmZ, {_`mMma, Xoe-moh, AbJmddmX Ama qhgH$ VmZmemhr H$m Mma
H$aVo h & Cg Mma H$r hm{Z VwaV g_P _| Zhr AmVr & {d{dmb` Ho$ A{YH$mar
AnZo AkmZde Cgo dMm[aH$ dVVm Ho$ Zm_ na Vh Xo XoVo h & O~{H$
{dMmaYmamJV N>m ZoVm Hw$N> Xbr` nwpVH$mAm| go A{YH$ CZ {dMmam| Ho$ ~mao _|
em`X hr Hw$N> OmZVo h, {OZ H$m CgmhnydH$ Mma H$aVo ahVo h & {OZ Zmam|,
H$nZmAm| Ho$ Mma _| N>m bJo ahVo h, Cg H$m J^ra A``Z do H$^r Zhr
H$aVo & Bg _m_bo _| do Vm{b~mZm|, {Ohm{X`m| go ~ohVa Zhr, Omo AnZr amOZr{V
Ho$ ~mao _| AnZr hr H$hr ~mVm| Ho$ {gdm Hw$N> Zhr OmZVo &
AV {H$gr ^r Vah go XoI|, {d{dmb` amOZr{VH$ A`mg Ho$ WmZ Z
h, Z hmoZo Mm{hE & dhm amOZr{VH$ {H$_ Ho$ N>mgK Ho$ nj _| EH$ ^r T>J H$r
Xbrb Zhr h {H$ AmpIa {dm``Z Ho$ ~Xbo amOZr{VH$ Qqo ZJ `m| hmoZr Mm{hE?

OoEZ`y H$m gM

47

bo-XoH$a EH$ VH$ {X`m OmVm h {H$ Bg go AmJo amOZr{VH$ OrdZ H$m {ejU
{_bVm h & Bg H$m ^r grYm AW `hr hAm {H$ A^r, N>m-OrdZ _|, Bg H$r
H$moB O$aV Zhr & dgo ^r, {d{dmb`m| _| Hw$N> A{YH$mar N>mm| H$r g_`m
H$m g_mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE hr {Z`w$ hmoVo h & {\$a bmoH$V _| haoH$ H$mo _r{S>`m,
`m`mb`, gyMZm A{YH$ma, Am{X {d{dY _m`_ go AnZo A{YH$ma nmZo Ho$ n`m
gmYZ Ama Adga CnbY h &
V~ {ejm JhU H$aZo Ho$ _y`dmZ H$mb, Ama H$o _pVH$ dmbo {H$emoa`wdmAm| Ho$ {bE amOZr{VH$ A`mg H$m H$moB VH$ Zhr ~MVm & gmB `h h {H$
{d{dmb`m| _| MwZmdr AImS>o~mOr H$r O$aV Ho$db Xbr`, {deofH$a dm_nWr
amOZr{V H$mo h & Bg _| CgH$m gH$rU dmW h, {Og H$m gm_m{OH$, am>r` Ama
{dm{W`m| Ho$ {hVm| go H$moB boZm-XoZm Zhr &
`h H$S>dr gMmB Xgar Amoa go ^r XoIr Om gH$Vr h & AWmV, C {ejm
_| {JamdQ> H$r {> go & Bg ~mV go {H$ Xoe Ho$ bJ^J VrZ gm {d{dmb`m| _|
Agbr H$m_ H$r `m pW{V h? ^maVr` {d{dmb`m| Ho$ g~go ~S>o gJR>Z
Egmo{g`oeZ Am\$ B{S>`Z `y{Zd{gQ>rO H$r n{H$m `y{Zd{gQ>r `yO _| H$m{eV
EH$ boI Ho$ AZwgma, h_mao {d{dmb`m| _| gdm} emoY-{S>Jr Ho$ {bE hmo aho
H$m_ H$r hmbV `h h {H$ 80 % nrEM.S>r. Wr{gg ZH$br, Hy$S>m Ama Xgam| H$r
ZH$b hmoVo h & `h CXmhaU h_mao {d{dmb`m| H$r U pW{V H$m gHo$V h &
h_ H$~ VH$ Bg go AZOmZ hmoZo H$m ZmQ>H$ H$aVo ah|Jo?
_moXr H$mo ZrMm {XImZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ ge$ amOZr{VH$ Xb Ama AZw^dr
ZoVm bJo hE h & Bg{bE {d{dmb` mo\o$gam| H$mo AnZo Agbr H$m_, {ejm Ama
emoY H$r JwUdmm H$r hr {MVm H$aZr Mm{hE Wr & Xoe Ch| Bgr Ho$ {bE D$Mr
VZdmh XoVm h & H$^r Ch| Bg na `mZ XoZm Mm{hE {H$ h_mao CmoJ, VH$ZrH$,
`mnma {d-Va H$mo Ny> aho h & {H$Vw h_mao H$B {d{dmb` AnZr nhbo dmbr
pW{V go ^r ZrMo {Ja JE & `m qMVm H$m {df` Ho$db `h Zhr hmoZm Mm{hE?
Ohm VH$ OoEZ`y H$r ~mV h Vmo `hm amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| na A{db~
amoH$ bJmZr Amd`H$ h & Bgr go d` N>mm|, {ejH$m| H$m ^r ^bm hmoJm & `hr
1948 _| S>m. amYmH$UZ {ejm Am`moJ H$r AZwegm ^r Wr! Cgr Am`moJ H$r anQ>
Ho$ AmYma na `y.Or.gr. VWm AmJo {d{dmb`m| Ho$ T>mMo ~Zo Wo & N>m gKm| H$mo

48

OoEZ`y H$m gM

Ho$db gmH${VH$, gm{hp`H$, Iob-Hy$X VWm H$bm_H$ H$m`m] Ho$ {bE o[aV H$aZm
Mm{hE & dVwV Bhr go CZ H$m `{$d {ZIaoJm, Ama Amp_H$ gwI ^r _hgyg
hmoJm & Bg H$r VwbZm _| amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| _| do Eogo H$m_ _| bJVo h {Og
H$r Ch| ghr g_P hmo hr Zhr gH$Vr & `m|{H$ amOZr{VH$ g_P Xoe-X{Z`m
Ho$ kmZ Ho$ gmW-gmW n`m OrdZ AZw^d H$r ^r _mJ H$aVr h & dh N>mm| H$mo
hmo hr Zhr gH$Vr & Bgr{bE, do ZemImoar H$r Vah m` dm_nWr, ao{S>H$b ~hH$mdo
Ho$ {eH$ma, dMm[aH$ ZeoS>r go hmo OmVo h & `h CZ Ho$ ~m{H$ {dH$mg H$mo ~m{YV
H$aVm h &
A^r Xoe H$m _yS> Eogm h {H$ {d{dmb`m| _| N>mm|, {ejH$m| H$mo amOZr{VH$
J{Vd{Y`m| go Xa aIZo Ho$ {ZU` H$m dmJV hr hmoJm & {\$a Bg go {H$gr ~S>o
amOZr{VH$ Xb H$mo ~w{Z`mXr hm{Z ^r Zhr h & Bg{bE `h gabVm go bmJy ^r
hmoJm & OoEZ`y _| Vmo {H$gr ~S>o, _Pmobo `m jor` Xbm| Ho$ N>m gJR>Zm| H$r H$moB
AmH$mV ^r Zhr h & Ho$db _mAmodmXr, _mgdmXr, H$`w{ZQ> dhm bJ^J gnyU
H$Om aIVo h & do Kmoa hm{ZH$maH$ h, `h XoIZo Ho$ {bE h_mao _mZZr` gmgX
`m H$_ra, Ag_ `m ~Jmb Ho$ Xoe go {N>Z OmZo H$m BVOma H$a|Jo? `m|{H$
AmpIa dMm[aH$ $n go, Zmao~mOr _|, nmoQ>a _|, g^m-go{_Zma mam Vmo OoEZ`y
H$m N>m gK Ama mo. amo{_bm Wmna Ama mo. H$_b{_ {MZm` Ogo AZoH$
H$`w{ZQ> mo\o$ga ^maV H$m H$B ~ma {dIS>Z H$a MwHo$ h &

OoEZ`y H$m gM

49

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OoEZ`y H$m gM