Crash Course: Industrial Revolution Video Fill-In Notes

Made it possible for you to watch ______________ ____________!

Most ____________________________ of the bunch?
o Electricity, blueberries in February, 12 years of _____________ education, driving a car, tap water- Industrial
Revolution!
Before: ___________ % of worlds population engaged in farming
o What happened? __________________________
Increase in _________________ brought about by the use of machines, and characterized by the use of
new energy _________________
NOT capitalism but connected to capitalism
Started in Europe especially _______________________
o Flying ______________ invention increased the speed of weaving which increased ______________ for yarn which
o

led to invention of the spinning _____________ and the water _______________

James _________________ perfected the steam engine which made the railroad possible and cotton mills more

efficient
Sulfuric acid (rather than __________________) used to bleach clothing
Eurocentric reasons for WHY
Cultural superiority: Europeans are ________________ and ________________ than other people
Culture of science and _______________________ that made these inventions possible
Freer political institutions encouraged __________________________
Small populations encouraged ________________-saving inventions
o Problem: theres a cause of every ___________ cause!
All the Eurocentric answers can apply to China or India or both!
Answer to WHY: coal
o Steam engines were invented to pump _________________ out of the coal mines
British used steam engines to keep British ______________ cheap
o Wages: highest in world at beginning of 18th century
High wages + cheap ________________= economic efficiency
Incentives to lower production costs
Indian cotton production was productive without using __________________ so they didnt need to
o

industrialize
Crash Course: Capitalism Fill-In Notes
-

Economic system but also ______________________ system

Mercantile capitalism: rug merchant has to borrow ___________________ to buy rugs to sell then pay back money borrowed
with ___________________
o 17th century: created ______________ stock companies
International trade- really bad if you own entire boat because you would lose all your money- owned a bit of

a ship
Industrial capitalism: an economic system that relies on _____________________ in machines and
technology that are used to increase production of marketable ___________________
Significant upfront ______________, but return is worth it
Developed in ________________ in 19th century
Helped by the half-century English _________________ War
o Regulations on economy before war, couldnt enforce during war = freer markets

Better food production methods = cheaper _______________= more people with expendable

income= demand for consumer ______________

o Fewer people needed to work in agriculture to feed the __________________
Enclosure- lords reclaim _________________ that had been farmed by multiple tenant farmers
o Impoverished many but pushed jobless farmers to work in ______________________
Britain- publicized capitalist values and exposed people to theories of capitalism
o economy is controlled by _______________________
o human nature for people to participate in ______________________ as rational actors
o Men and women were consumers as well as ______________________- desire to consume manufactured goods
could spur economic growth
Problems/criticism
o Working conditions were awful
o Days were long, unfair conditions
Some responded by organizing labor _______________________
Theoretical response: some supported the system of __________________________
Socialism: imperfect opposite to capitalism
o Result of human ______________ and human planning (not human nature)
o Started in France: utopian and revolutionary (2 types)
Utopian: people want to meet their wants (sea of lemonade)
Revolutionary: many ideas associated with communism; only overthrown through violent revolution of the
o

working classes
Karl Marx: Father of Communism; co-wrote the Communist _________________________
Class struggle: focus isnt on the _________________ but on the struggle
Without conflict, no such thing as class consciousness
Workers (gave their ____________ to capitalists) and capitalists (owned factors of
________________________)
o By nature we are social animals- capitalism replaces egalitarianism with

_______________________- not consistent with human nature

What system seems to have won out? ______________________________________________________