Hunter Lundquist

Annotated Bibliography

Wicks-Lim, J. (2016). Is a $15 Minimum Wage Economically Feasible? Retrieved March 20,
2016, from http://www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/2016/0116wicks-lim.html

In this article, Mrs. Wicks-Lim provides an in-depth look at the economic repercussions
of a $15 minimum wage. The author begins by taking a look at Seattle who has recently put a
$15 minimum wage into effect in 2013. She goes on to discuss all of the statistics that revolve
around the city and its new change. The next and final piece of the article is a few paragraphs
that look at estimations and other analytics to help discover if the new minimum wage can be
economically feasible.
This source is a very reliable source as it seems to show very little true bias. The entirety
of the article is extremely relevant to the minimum wage research area and is intended for an
audience consisting of young adults and other members of the middle aged American public
whom are doing their own research regarding this possible change in our countrys policy soon.
Additionally, the scope of this article contains all things pertaining to a minimum wage increase
including the effects on small business and all class of the American public. In all, this source is
credible and provides a good bit of information for research purposes.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
Wihbey, J. (2015). Effects of raising the minimum wage: Research and key lessons - Journalist's
Resource. Knight Foundation. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
http://journalistsresource.org/studies/economics/inequality/the-effects-of-raising-the-minimumwage

The article cited above provides a view of the short term and long term effects on raises
of the minimum wage across America. Mr. Wihbey uses evidence from multiple studies
conducted by several organizations as well as a graph from the US Bureau of Labor to help
support the statements made. Near the end of the article, the author thanks an economist from the
Harvard Kennedy School for his insights with helping write the article. The article concludes
with the author providing three other papers for the reader to take a look at which discuss the
ideas talked about in the article.
Effects of raising the minimum wage: Research and key lessons, appears to be an above
average source. The article is written in the fall of 2015 so it is relatively current and also appears
to show little bias regarding the topic. The author does a nice job of providing many different
studies to support his findings to show complete accountability. The intended audience for this
piece appears to be young adults with college degrees and the scope is relatively broad as it
covers multiple subjects relating to the effects of an increase of the minimum wage. In all, this
journal article is an extremely relevant source to the area of research and contains a large amount
of significant information covering the topic of discussion.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
Neumark, D. (2015). The Effects of Minimum Wages on Employment. FRBSF Economic Letter,
2015(37), 1-5. Retrieved March 20, 2016, from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=045d2976-cd54-4321ac88-8dc809d0c714@sessionmgr4002&vid=7&hid=4109

The journal article cited above was written by David Neumark for the economic letter of
the Federal Reserve Bank of San Fransisco. The entire article is about the controversy
surrounding minimum wage increases and Neumark views the issue from all sides. Neumark
uses multiple studies to support his conclusions and also provides graphs to help the reader. At
the conclusion of the piece, the author cites all 12 of the resources he used in writing the article.
From the very start of the article, it appears that there is little bias because after all, this
was a piece written for a journal of a Federal Reserve bank of America. The article contains
extremely credible information and has an intended audience of scholars. The piece assumes that
reader already has a slight background in the topic area of research. The scope is very centered
on the theories of what can occur because of minimum wage increases and is relevant to the
topic of research. This article provides a high-level source for the research and provides a look
into all things the researcher desires to see.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
Rogers, B. (2014). Justice at Work: Minimum Wage Laws and Social Equality. Texas Law
Review, 92(6), 1543-1598. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4096dbcf-15ba-4d35b7ea-f1636886d64b@sessionmgr113&vid=6&hid=123

The article, Justice at Work: Minimum Wage Laws and Social Equality," was written by
Brishen Rogers, an assistant professor of law at Temple University. In all, the article is an
extensive 53 pages providing information on nearly all topics imaginable regarding minimum
wage laws and whether they are just. The article begins with an introduction outlining all things
concerning the existing debate over minimum wage laws. Next, the piece defines social equality
and goes on to discuss how minimum wage laws and the idea of social equality intertwine.
Lastly, the author provides counter arguments to all of the things listed earlier in the argument
and then gives his conclusion.
Brishen Rogers article discussing minimum wage laws and social equality is lengthy and
sometimes wordy, but it provides a great base of knowledge for the leader to learn about all
things concerning the topic of research. The credibility of this source is unquestioned as it is
written by an academic professor for an academic journal and because of this, the article is
intended for scholars interested in improving their knowledge of the topic. The scope of this
article is precise, but it covers a wide range of issues and provides a relevant piece of academic
research for this topic. The article as a whole is an extremely valuable source because of its sheer
size of information as well as the quality of information it contains.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
Danziger, L. (2009). The Elasticity of Labor Demand and Minimum Wage. Journal of Population
Economics, 22(3), 757-772. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4096dbcf-15ba-4d35b7ea-f1636886d64b@sessionmgr113&vid=14&hid=123

Written in 2009 is the article, The Elasticity of Labor Demand and Minimum Wage," by
Leif Danziger. Danziger is a professor of economics at multiple universities across Europe. The
article written by Mr. Danziger provides a different look at the minimum wage debate, a look
from the labor demand side. The article contains an introduction, six topics of discussion, and a
conclusion. These topics of discussion include short-term and long-term unemployment, risk
aversion, and whether workers benefit from an increase in the minimum wage rate.
The article cited above provides a different topic of discussion regarding the topic of
research. The article is credible because the author is an economics professor and it is also
intended for an audience of scholars. Much of the information listed in the article is complex and
difficult to understand entirely if you do not have a background in economics. The scope of this
article is very precise as it focuses solely on the effects of a minimum wage increase on the labor
demand market. This article is not completely relevant to the topic of research and much of it can
be regarded as irrelevant, however there are pieces of this article which are invaluable because
they provide a rare glimpse at a subject rarely discussed when talking about the topic of research.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
Neumark, D., & Wascher, W. (2002). Do Minimum Wages Fight Poverty? Economic Inquiry,
40(3), 315-333. Retrieved March 23, 2016, from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=77ef6f33-514a-4eb6a7c8-3127a61f9534@sessionmgr4001&vid=13&hid=4109

The article, Do Minimum Wages Fight Poverty?, can be found in the academic journal
titled Economic Inquiry. The article is written by David Neumark and William Wascher, both of
whom are economic professors at prestigious universities in the United States. The article as a
whole focuses on the effects of minimum wages on families, specifically lower income families.
The article uses multiple studies, some conducted by the authors themselves, as well as graphs to
help support their findings. This piece provides a large amount of information that is packed into
the twenty pages and concludes with a reference list that totals at 18.
When evaluating this source, it is important to note that the authors are both extremely
qualified and well renowned for their work in the topic of research. The two authors credibility
leads to the entire article being credible and the intended audience for this piece is scholars. The
scope for this article can best be described as broad as it covers a variety of pieces related to the
topic of research. However, the relevance to the area of study is still unquestioned because the
entire article is closely intertwined to what is being researched. In conclusion, this source is one
that can be of great use for this paper and will provide an immense amount of research to view.

Sabia, J. J., Burkhauser, R. V., & Hansen, B. (2012). Are the Effects of Minimum Wage Increases
Always Small? New Evidence From a Case Study of New York State. Industrial and Labor

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
Relations Review, 65(2), 350-376. Retrieved March 22, 2016, from
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f088bab0-3493-496f9c1b-4a5ae9c2c90f@sessionmgr102&vid=10&hid=123

In 2012, three professors from across the United States teamed up to write an article that
discusses new evidence found in New York State about the effects of minimum wage increases.
The article discusses the effects of the increase on young adults in New York State who do not
have a high school diploma. Using multiple studies, estimates, and graphs, the three professors
walk the reader through their findings and what they expect will happen in the near future.
The article cited above can be justly described as credible mostly because of the
qualifications of all three authors. The intended audience for this piece is scholars and other
professors because the authors are writing using economic and scholarly terms that only
someone with a background in economics can fully understand. The scope is relatively broad as
the article takes a look at multiple factors and pieces of the economic puzzle when discussing
minimum wage. This article is entirely original as most of the conclusions drawn were made by
the authors and the pieces relevance is unquestioned because it takes a direct look at a real life
minimum wage increase example and its effects on the population.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography

Hoffman, S. D. (2016). Are the Effects of Minimum Wage Increases Always Small? A
Reanalysis of Sabia, Burkhauser, and Hansen. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 69(2),
295-311. Retrieved March 24, 2016, from
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=77ef6f33-514a-4eb6a7c8-3127a61f9534@sessionmgr4001&vid=19&hid=4109

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
In this article, the author, Saul D. Hoffman, analyzes the work of professors from the past
regarding the effects of minimum wage increases. Hoffman is a professor at the University of
Delaware and has discussed this topic many times before. This article is specifically a reanalysis
of the findings of three professors in 2012 regarding the negative effects of an increase of the
minimum in New York State from 2004 to 2006 on young workers. Using new technology and
theories, Hoffman discusses his own findings regarding their past analysis in this article.
The article cited above is in itself, an evaluation of a past article. Found in the Industrial
and Labor Relations Review, this piece is a credible piece of writing that is most likely intended
for scholars and professors aiming to complete research in economics. The scope of this article is
relatively narrow as it focuses mainly on the conclusions of professors from the past, but it still
contains its own originality and the author forms his own conclusions. Hoffmans writing is
extremely relevant to the topic of research and contains pertinent information that is organized
efficiently.

Hsing, Y. (2000). On the substitution effect of the minimum wage increase: New evidence.
Applied Economics Letter, 7(4), 225-228. Retrieved March 24, 2016, from
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f088bab0-3493-496f9c1b-4a5ae9c2c90f@sessionmgr102&vid=8&hid=123

In April of 2000, Yu Hsing, a professor at Southeastern Louisiana State University, wrote

a three page article on the substitution effect of a minimum wage increase. Hsings interest in

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
writing the piece was sparked by new evidence being found in the late 1990s. This new evidence
helped to show that relative wage and part-time/full-time employment had an inverse
relationship. Throughout the article, Hsing defines the ideas that he writes about, gives multiple
instances of the new evidence, and concludes with own conclusions. The article ends with an
acknowledgements and references page.
Hsings article discussing the substitution effect is best described as credible because of
his background in economics and the article most likely has an intended audience of scholars or
professors. The scope of this article is narrow mostly because it only focuses on one small part of
the minimum wage question, but the piece does a great job of covering that part entirely. Hsing
shows originality throughout the article even though he is building upon past studies by using
new evidence. In conclusion, Hsings article is not entirely relevant to the topic of research, but
the article contains enough information to make it useful and worth giving a look when
researching the subject of minimum wage change.

Sabia, J. (2009). The Effects of Minimum Wage Increases on Retail Employment and Hours:
New Evidence from Monthly CPS Data. Journal of Labor Research, 30(1), 75-97. Retrieved
March 24, 2016, from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?
sid=f088bab0-3493-496f-9c1b-4a5ae9c2c90f@sessionmgr102&vid=15&hid=123

Cited above is an article from the academic journal, Journal of Labor Research, written
by Joseph Sabia. In this article, Sabia focuses on new evidence regarding the retail business and

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography
how a minimum wage increase would effect the employment for retail companies. The study that
Sabia refers to throughout the article is a study that uses monthly figures from 1979-2004 to
create new estimates of the effect of minimum wage increases on retail employment as well as
the hours worked in the retail world. In total, the article spans 20 pages and uses multiple
graphics to support its findings.
The source cited above is best described as being a credible source because the author of
the article is a professor at American University and he uses evidence to support all of his
findings. The scope of this source is narrow because the author focuses almost entirely on retail
employment and not on other parts of the economic landscape. The intended audience for this
piece is scholars and other professors who are looking to increase their knowledge base on the
research topic. The originality of the piece is unquestioned as the author draws his own
conclusions from the new evidence and the article has relevance to the topic of research because
it focuses entirely on the effects of a minimum wage increase. In conclusion, this article is a
beneficial, but not great resource because it provides decent information regarding the topic of
study, but in all the scope of the article is narrow.

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography

Hunter Lundquist
Annotated Bibliography