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FLUID MECHANICS
CLB 11003
TITLE :
Experiment 6 : Multi Pump Test Rig
Lecturers Name :
En.Eddyazuan
Name / Section
1)SURENDRAN BALAKRISHNAN
2)MUHAMMAD AKMAL HAKIN BIN RAMLAN
3)AHMAD IKHRAM ROSLAN
Due Date :
13 APRIL 2016
ID Number
55201113445
55201113557
55201113682
OBJECTIVES
Understand the types of pumps in principle and design, and the selection of the
appropriate pump for a particular application for optimal operation.
SUMMARY
The objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of
different pumps in a contained unit. In addition, this experiment was conducted to
understand the types of pumps in principle and design and the selection of the appropriate
pump for a particular application for optimal operation. The results for this experiment
were obtained for pump 1, pump 2 and pump 3 according to different types of
characteristics for each of the pump. This experiment is divided into four parts. First
experiment is rotational speed vs volumetric flow rate, which is for a performance curve
for a centrifugal pump. The second experiment is other performance curve for a
centrifugal pump. The third experiment is rotational speed vs output pressure, which is
performance curve for a positive displacement pump. Finally, the last experiment is other
performance curve for a positive displacement pump. For each part of experiment, the
respective graphs were plotted for different types of characteristics. In the discussion, the
characteristics curves for each part of experiment was plotted according the pump 1,
pump 2 and pump 3. In the each characteristics curves for pump 1, pump 2 and pump 3,
the relationships between each characteristics have been discussed. In short, as a
conclusion, students were able to determine the operating characteristics of different
pumps in a contained unit. Besides, students understood the types of pumps in principle
and design and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for
optimal operation. Thus, the objectives of this experiment were achieved.
RESULTS
Data Collected for Experiment 1:
Table 1 : Rotational Speed and Flow rate for P1
Speed (RPM)
2800
59.3
2600
57.0
2400
53.9
2200
49.1
2000
44.6
1800
40.1
1600
35.7
1400
30.8
1200
26.2
1000
21.7
800
17.3
600
12.8
q 113.56 60
100
1000
b) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
When q is 59.4
When q is 57.0
59.3 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 4.04
hr
57.0 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 3.88
hr
c) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
d) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
When q is 53.9
When q is 49.1
49.1 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 3.35
hr
53.9 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 3.67
hr
e) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
f)
q 113.56 60
100
1000
When q is 44.6
When q is 40.1
44.6 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 3.04
hr
g) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
40.1 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 2.73
hr
h) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
When q is 35.7
When q is 30.8
35.7 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 2.43
hr
30.8 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 2.10
hr
i)
q 113.56 60
100
1000
j)
q 113.56 60
100
1000
When q is 26.2
When q is 21.7
26.2 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 1.79
hr
21.7 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 1.48
hr
k) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
l)
q 113.56 60
100
1000
When q is 17.3
When q is 12.8
17.3 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 1.18
hr
12.8 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 0.87
hr
Rotational Speed , N
(RPM)
59.3
4.04
2800
57.0
3.88
2600
53.9
3.67
2400
49.1
3.35
2200
44.6
3.04
2000
40.1
2.73
1800
35.7
2.43
1600
30.8
2.10
1400
26.2
1.79
1200
21.7
1.48
1000
17.3
1.18
800
12.8
0.87
600
3000
y = 667.63x - 0.2371
R = 0.997
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Speed
RPM
Diff. Pressure
%
Power
kW
60
2800
16.4
0.53
50
2799
30.4
0.50
40
2807
42.9
0.48
30
2822
55.2
0.46
20
2836
61.5
0.42
10
2851
65.4
0.40
a) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
b) Q
50 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 3.41
hr
60 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 4.09
hr
c) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
d) Q
30 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 2.04
hr
40 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 2.73
hr
q 113.56 60
100
1000
20 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 1.36
hr
q 113.56 60
100
1000
e) Q
q 113.56 60
100
1000
f)
q 113.56 60
100
1000
10 113.56 60
100
1000
3
m
Q 0.68
hr
a).
c).
PMi 0.53kW
1000W
1kW
b).
1000W
1kW
PMi 530W
PMi 500W
PMi 0.48kW
1000W
1kW
d).
PMi 0.46kW
1000W
1kW
PMi 4800W
PMi 460W
e).
PMi 0.50kW
PMi 0.42kW
PMi 420W
1000W
1kW
f).
PMi 0.40kW
PMi 400W
1000W
1kW
i.
Power (kW)
Q (m3/hr)
Motor Input
Power, PMi, (W)
60
4.09
0.53
530
50
3.41
0.50
500
40
2.73
0.48
480
30
2.04
0.46
460
20
1.36
0.42
420
10
0.68
0.40
400
600
y = 38.089x + 374.16
R = 0.9898
500
400
300
200
100
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
ii.
w g
100
where
kg
m3
m
s2
2
3bar 10.2 10 4 N / m
16.4
bar
H (0.86m 0.18m)
kg
m
100
1000 3 9.81 2
m
s
4 N / m2
16.4 3bar 10.2 10
bar
H 0.68m
2
kg
m 1N .s
100
1000 3 9.81 2
kg.m
m
s
H 5.80m
2
3bar 10.2 10 4 N / m
30
.
4
bar
H (0.86m 0.18m)
kg
m
100
1000 3 9.81 2
m
s
4 N / m2
30.4 3bar 10.2 10
bar
H 0.68m
2
kg
m 1N .s
100
1000 3 9.81 2
kg.m
m
s
H 10.16m
iii). Differential Pressure, % = 42.9
when DP 42.9
4 N / m2
H (0.86m 0.18m)
kg
m
100
1000 3 9.81 2
m
s
4 N / m2
3
bar
10
.
2
10
42.9
bar
H 0.68m
2
100
kg
m
1
N
.
s
1000 3 9.81 2
kg.m
m
s
H 14.06m
iv). Differential Pressure, % = 55.2
when DP 55.2
2
3bar 10.2 10 4 N / m
42.9
bar
H (0.86m 0.18m)
kg
m
100
1000 3 9.81 2
m
s
4 N / m2
42.9 3bar 10.2 10
bar
H 0.68m
2
kg
m 1N .s
100
1000 3 9.81 2
kg.m
m
s
H 14.06m
2
3bar 10.2 10 4 N / m
61
.
5
bar
H (0.86m 0.18m)
kg
m
100
1000 3 9.81 2
m
s
4 N / m2
61.5 3bar 10.2 10
bar
H 0.68m
2
kg
m 1N .s
100
1000 3 9.81 2
kg.m
m
s
H 19.86m
vi). Differential Pressure, % = 65.4
when DP 65.4
4 N / m2
H (0.86m 0.18m)
kg
m
100
1000 3 9.81 2
m
s
4 N / m2
3
bar
10
.
2
10
65.4
bar
H 0.68m
2
100
kg
m
1
N
.
s
1000 3 9.81 2
kg.m
m
s
H 21.08m
Zc2-Zc1
Diff. Pressure, D
(m /hr)
(m)
(%)
(m)
4.09
0.68
16.4
5.80
3.41
0.68
30.4
10.16
2.73
0.68
42.9
14.06
2.04
0.68
55.2
17.90
1.36
0.68
61.5
19.86
0.68
0.68
65.4
21.08
20
15
10
y = -4.5772x + 25.727
R = 0.9611
5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
(m3/hr)
4.5
iii.
Po w gHQ
1hr
3600s
where
Po Pump Power Output , W
m3
Q Volume Flow rate,
hr
kg
m3
1.
2.
m3
hr
kg
m
m 3 1hr
1000 3 9.81 2 5.80m 4.09
hr
m
s
3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
64.64 3
kg.m
s
N .m
64.64
s
64.64W
m3
hr
kg
m
m 3 1hr
Po 1000 3 9.81 2 10.16m 3.41
hr 3600s
m
s
2
2
kg.m 1N .s
Po 94.41 3
kg.m
s
N .m
Po 94.41
s
Po 94.41W
3.
m3
hr
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
104.60 3
kg.m
s
N .m
104.60
s
104.60W
4.
Po
Po
Po
Po
5.
m3
hr
kg
m
m 3 1hr
1000 3 9.81 2 17.90m 2.04
hr
m
s
3600s
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
99.51 3
kg.m
s
N .m
99.51
s
99.51W
m3
hr
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
Po 73.60 3
kg.m
s
N .m
Po 73.60
s
Po 73.60W
6.
m3
hr
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2 1N .s 2
39.06 3
kg.m
s
N .m
39.06
s
39.06W
4.09
5.80
64.64
3.41
10.16
94.41
2.73
14.06
104.60
2.04
17.90
99.51
1.36
19.86
73.60
0.68
21.08
39.06
120
100
y = 8.1807x + 59.792
R = 0.1736
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
iv.
a).
c).
e).
b).
Pi (530 70)W
Pi (500 70)W
Pi 460W
Pi 430W
d).
Pi (480 70)W
Pi (460 70)W
Pi 410W
Pi 390W
f).
Pi (420 70)W
Pi (400 70)W
Pi 350W
Pi 330W
Motor Input
Power, PMi
Pp1min
(m3/hr)
(W)
(W)
(W)
4.09
530
70
460
3.41
500
70
430
2.73
480
70
410
2.04
460
70
390
1.36
420
70
350
0.68
400
70
330
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
v.
a).
ETA
Po
100%
Pi
b).
ETA
64.64W
100%
460 W
Po
100%
Pi
ETA
d).
ETA
73.60W
100%
350 W
ETA 21.03%
Po
100%
Pi
99.51W
100%
390W
ETA 25.52%
104.60W
100%
410W
Po
100%
Pi
ETA
ETA 25.51%
e).
94.41W
100%
430W
ETA 21.96%
Po
100%
Pi
ETA 14.05%
c).
ETA
f).
ETA
Po
100%
Pi
39.06W
100%
330 W
ETA 11.84%
Pump Power
Output, Po
Pump Power
Input, Pi
(m3/hr)
(W)
(W)
4.09
64.64
460
14.05
3.41
94.41
430
21.96
2.73
104.60
410
25.51
2.04
99.51
390
25.52
1.36
73.60
350
21.03
0.68
39.06
330
11.84
25
y = 0.5786x + 18.605
R = 0.0163
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
b).
ETAgr
64.64W
100%
530W
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
d).
ETAgr
104.60 W
100%
480W
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
99.51W
100%
460W
ETAgr 21.63%
ETAgr 21.80%
e).
94.41W
100%
500W
ETAgr 18.88%
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr 12.20%
c).
ETAgr
f).
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
73.60W
100%
420W
ETAgr 17.52%
ETAgr
ETAgr
39.06W
100%
400W
ETAgr 9.77%
Pump Power
Output, Po
(W)
64.64
94.41
104.60
99.51
73.60
39.06
Motor Input
Power, PMi
(W)
530
500
480
460
420
400
Overall Efficiency,
ETAgr
(%)
12.20
18.88
21.80
21.63
17.52
09.77
25
20
y = 0.6863x + 15.33
R = 0.0311
15
10
5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
1400
29.2
0.497
1300
27.0
0.460
1200
24.9
0.424
1100
22.5
0.383
1000
20.2
0.344
900
17.9
0.305
800
15.6
0.266
700
13.3
0.227
600
11.1
0.189
500
08.8
0.150
400
06.6
0.112
Q=
When q = 29.2,
Q=
29.2
28.39 103 60
100
= 0.497 m3/hr
When q = 24.9,
Q=
24.9
100
28.39 103 60
= 0.424 m3/hr
100
28.39 103 60
When q = 27.0,
Q=
27.0
100
28.39 103 60
= 0.460 m3/hr
When q = 22.5,
Q=
22.5
100
28.39 103 60
= 0.383 m3/hr
When q = 20.2,
Q=
When q = 17.9,
20.2
28.39 103 60
100
Q=
= 0.344 m3/hr
28.39 103 60
When q = 13.3,
15.6
28.39 103 60
100
Q=
13.3
100
28.39 103 60
= 0.227 m3/hr
= 0.266 m3/hr
When q = 11.1,
Q=
100
= 0.305 m3/hr
When q = 15.6,
Q=
17.9
When q = 8.8,
11.1
8.8
28.39 103 60
100
= 0.189 m3/hr
= 0.150 m3/hr
When q = 6.6,
6.6
Figure 2 :Graph of Rotational Speed (N) Vs Volume Flow Rate (Q) for pump 3
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Flow rate
Speed
Power
RPM
kW
60
29.6
1400
0.56
55
30.0
1407
0.51
50
30.3
1413
0.49
45
30.7
1419
0.47
40
31.0
1426
0.44
35
31.3
1432
0.43
30
31.6
1438
0.40
25
32.0
1440
0.39
20
32.2
1447
0.37
10
33.9
1452
0.36
Motor
Power
Input,PMi
W
560
510
490
470
440
430
400
390
370
360
Volume
Flow
rate, Q
m3/hr
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.53
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.55
0.57
Pump
Total
Head,H
m
137.43
126.00
114.57
103.15
91.72
80.30
68.87
57.45
46.02
32.75
Pump
Power
Output,P0
W
170.40
159.35
147.73
133.01
120.54
105.54
92.22
78.35
62.76
32.75
Pump
Power
Input, Pi
W
510
460
440
420
390
380
350
340
320
310
Pump
Efficiency
(ETA)
Overall
Efficiency
(ETAgr)
Volumetric
Efficiency
(ETAV)
33.41
34.64
33.58
31.67
30.91
27.77
26.35
23.04
19.61
10.56
30.43
31.25
30.15
28.30
27.40
24.54
23.06
20.09
16.96
9.10
94.35
95.76
97.22
96.81
98.18
97.77
99.20
100.90
100.41
103.70
i.
b).
1000W
1kW
PMi 0.51kW
d).
1000W
1kW
PMi 0.47kW
f).
1000W
1kW
PMi 0.43kW
h).
1000W
1kW
PMi 0.39kW
1000W
1kW
PMi 390W
PMi 400W
i).
1000W
1kW
PMi 430W
PMi 440W
g).
1000W
1kW
PMi 470W
PMi 490W
e).
1000W
1kW
PMi 510W
PMi 560W
c).
1000W
1kW
j).
1000W
1kW
Output Pressure
%
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
10
Table 4.1 : Output Pressure (Pr) , Motor Power Input (PMi) for P3
600
y = 3.9654x + 295.28
R = 0.9519
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
q
28.39 1000 60
100
29.6
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.50
hr
b).
c).
q
28.39 1000 60
100
30.3
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.52
hr
d).
e).
q
28.39 1000 60
100
31.0
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.53
hr
f).
g).
q
28.39 1000 60
100
31.6
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.54
hr
h).
i).
q
28.39 1000 60
100
32.2
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.55
hr
j).
q
28.39 1000 60
100
30.0
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.51
hr
q
28.39 1000 60
100
30.7
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.52
hr
q
28.39 1000 60
100
31.3
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.53
hr
q
28.39 1000 60
100
32.0
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.55
hr
q
28.39 1000 60
100
33.9
Q
28.39 1000 60
100
m3
Q 0.57
hr
Output Pressure
%
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
10
0.57
0.56
0.55
0.54
0.53
0.52
0.51
y = -0.0013x + 0.5799
R = 0.9773
0.5
0.49
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ii.
4
Pr 20 10.2 10
Z G1
oil g
100
where
H Pump Total Head , m
Z G 2 Outlet Dis tan ce From Datum (oil) 380mm 0.38m
Z G1 Inlet Dis tan ce From Datum (oil) 64mm 0.064m
DP Differential Pr essure,%
kg
m3
m
s2
4
60 20 10.2 10
H (0.38m 0.064m)
m3
s2
H 137.43m
c). Output Pressure, % = 50
when Pr 50
4
50 20 10.2 10
H (0.38m 0.064m)
m3
s2
H 114.57m
e). Output Pressure, % = 40
4
H (0.38m 0.064m) 55 20 10.2 10
m3
s2
H 126.00m
4
H (0.38m 0.064m) 45 20 10.2 10
m3
s2
H 103.15m
f). Output Pressure, % = 35
when Pr 35
when Pr 40
4
40 20 10.2 10
H (0.38m 0.064m)
m3
s2
H 91.72m
g). Output Pressure, % = 30
when Pr 30
4
H (0.38m 0.064m) 35 20 10.2 10
m3
s2
H 80.30m
4
30 20 10.2 10
H (0.38m 0.064m)
m3
s2
H 68.87m
i). Output Pressure, % = 20
when Pr 20
4
H (0.38m 0.064m) 25 20 10.2 10
m3
s2
H 57.45m
4
20
20 10.2 10
H (0.38m 0.064m)
m3
s2
H 46.02m
4
10
20 10.2 10
H (0.38m 0.064m)
m3
s2
H 23.17m
Po oil gHQ
1hr
3600s
where
Po Pump Power Output ,W
kg
m3
m
s2
H Pump Total Head , m
g Gravity 9.81
m3
Q Volume Flow rate,
hr
1.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 170.40 3 170.40
170.40W
s
s
2.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
Po 910 3 9.81 2 126.00m 0.51
hr 3600s
m
s
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 159.35 3 159.35
159.35W
s
s
3.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 147.73 3 147.73
147.73W
s
s
4.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
Po 910 3 9.81 2 103.15m 0.52
hr
m
s
3600s
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 133.01 3 133.01
133.01W
s
s
5.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 120.54 3 120.54
120.54W
s
s
6.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
Po 910 3 9.81 2 80.30m 0.53
hr
m
s
3600s
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 105.54 3 105.54
105.54W
s
s
7.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 92.22 3 92.22
92.22W
s
s
8.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 78.35 3 78.35
78.35W
s
s
9.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
Po 910 3 9.81 2 46.02m 0.55
hr
m
s
3600s
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 62.76 3 62.76
62.76W
s
s
10.
kg
m
m 3 1hr
kg.m 2
N .m
Po 32.75 3 32.75
32.75W
s
s
180
y = 1.2258x + 58.205
R = 0.4116
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
iii.
Pi = PMi - P3min
= PMi - 50W
= PMi - 50W
= 560 - 50
= 510 - 50
= 510 W
= 460 W
Pi = PMi - P3min
Pi = PMi - P3min
= PMi - 50W
= PMi - 50W
= 490 - 50
= 470 - 50
= 440 W
= 420 W
Pi = PMi - P3min
Pi = PMi - P3min
= PMi - 50W
= PMi - 50W
= 440 - 50
= 430 - 50
= 390 W
= 380 W
Pi = PMi - P3min
Pi = PMi - P3min
= PMi - 50W
= PMi - 50W
= 400 - 50
= 390 - 50
= 350 W
= 340 W
Pi = PMi - P3min
Pi = PMi - P3min
= PMi - 50W
= PMi - 50W
= 370 - 50
= 3600 - 50
= 320 W
= 310 W
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
iv.
1.
ETA
Po
100%
Pi
70.40W
100%
510W
ETA 33.41%
2.
ETA
Po
100%
Pi
159.35W
100%
460W
ETA 34.64%
3.
ETA
Po
100%
Pi
4.
5.
ETA
6.
7.
120.54W
100%
390W
ETA 30.91%
P
ETA o 100%
Pi
9.
8.
62.76W
100%
320 W
ETA 19.61%
105.54W
100%
380W
ETA 27.77%
P
ETA o 100%
Pi
when Po 78.35W , Pi 340W
92.22W
100%
350W
ETA 26.35%
P
ETA o 100%
Pi
ETA 31.67%
P
ETA o 100%
Pi
ETA
133.01W
100%
420W
Po
100%
Pi
147.73W
100%
440W
ETA 33.58%
P
ETA o 100%
Pi
ETA
ETA
10.
78.35W
100%
340W
ETA 23.04%
P
ETA o 100%
Pi
when Po 32.75W , Pi 310W
ETA
32.75W
100%
310 W
ETA 10.56%
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
v.
1.
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
170.40W
100%
560W
ETAgr 30.45%
2.
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
159.35W
100%
510W
ETAgr 31.25%
70
3.
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
147.73W
100%
490W
4.
ETAgr 30.15%
5.
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
120.54W
100%
440W
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
6.
8.
92.22 W
100%
400W
ETAgr 23.06%
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
62.76 W
100%
370W
ETAgr 16.96%
ETAgr
133.01W
100%
470W
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
105.54W
100%
430W
ETAgr 24.54%
ETAgr
9.
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr 28.3%
ETAgr 27.40%
7.
ETAgr
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
78.35W
100%
390W
ETAgr 20.09%
10.
ETAgr
Po
100%
PMi
ETAgr
32.75W
100%
360W
ETAgr 9.10%
35
y = 0.351x + 11.758
R = 0.93
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
vi.
1.
ETAv =
=
2.
100
60
0.50
6
6.309 10
x100
3
1400 60
ETAv =
=
6.309 10
4.
100
60
0.52
6.309 10
x100
3
1413 60
x100
3
1407 60
100
60
0.52
6
6.309 10
3
1419
x100
60
= 96.81
6.
100
60
0.53
6
6.309 10
= 98.18
ETAv =
=
= 97.22
ETAv =
100
60
0.51
= 95.76
5.
= 94.35
3.
ETAv =
3
1426 60
3x100
ETAv =
=
100
60
0.53
6
6.309 10
= 97.77
3
1432
x100
60
7.
ETAv =
=
8.
100
60
0.54
6
6.309 10
ETAv =
x100
3
1438 60
6.309 10
x100
3
1440 60
= 100.90
ETAv =
100
60
0.55
6
= 99.20
10.
100
60
0.55
6
6.309 10
3
1447
ETAv =
x100
100
60
0.57
6
60
6.309 10
= 100.41
x100
3
1452 60
= 103.70
9.
101
100
99
98
97
96
y = -0.1486x + 103.79
R = 0.9229
95
94
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
DISCUSSION
The main objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of different
pumps in a contained unit. Besides that, it also helps to understand the types of pumps in
principle and design, and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for
optimal operation. In experiment 1, the reading that was recorded in the table shows that when
the speed is decrease the reading of flowrate also decreases. Then, the graph of Rotational Speed
(N) vs. Volume Flow rate (Q) is plotted, a straight line graph is produced. At speed = 2800 rpm,
the volume flowrate is 59.3% and when at the lowest speed = 600 rpm, the flowrate is lower
where its 12.8 %. Based on the theory, it can be said that when the rotational speed is increased,
the volume flow is also increased. The objective is achieved.
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
In experiment 3, the readings for flow rate when there is a decrease in the speed is recorded. The
formula of volumetric flow rate,
q 113.56 x 60
Q = 100 x 1000
is used to determine the volume flow (Q). From the table, it is known that once the values of
speed decreases, the values of flow rate and volume flow rate are also decreasing. A graph of
Rotational speed (N) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) is plotted and it shows a straight line graph
which means that the speed is directly proportionally to the volume flow rate as said by the
theory.
y = 0.6863x + 15.33
R = 0.0311
20
15
10
5
0
0
1000
500
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
m3/hr
In experiment 2, the readings for flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed are recorded
from the speed and output flow rate are maximum. When the output flow rate is decreased, the
table shows that the values differential pressure and speed increase when the power is decreased.
A range of graph is plotted. The graph for Motor Input Power (PMI) vs. Volume Flow rate (Q))
shows an increasing curve.
y = 38.089x + 374.16
R = 0.9898
300
200
100
0
0
The graphs for Pump Power Output (Po) vs. Volume Flow Rate and Pump Power Input (Pi) vs.
Volume Flow Rate (Q) also shows increasing curve, which shows a directly proportional graph
to volumetric flow rate. The Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) and Pump Total
Head (H) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) graph shows a constant decrease.
25
20
15
10
y = -4.5772x + 25.727
R = 0.9611
5
0
0
(m3/hr)
y = 8.1807x + 59.792
R = 0.1736
80
60
40
20
0
0
y = 38.089x + 304.16
R = 0.9898
30
y = 0.5786x + 18.605
R = 0.0163
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
20
15
10
5
0
0
The last section of this experiment is experiment 4. In this experiment, the readings for
flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed are recorded from the speed and output flow
rate are maximum. When the pump head (pressure) is decreased, the table shows that the values
of volume flow rate increased and the power is decreased. Pump Efficiency, ETA and Overall
Efficiency (ETAgr) decreases when pressure is decreased. Volumetric Efficiency, % ETAVA
decreases when pressure is decreased. A range of graph is plotted. The graphs for Motor Input
Power (PMi) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) and Pump Power Input (Pi) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) show
increasing curves. While,
Pump Power Output (Po) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) gives a straight line graph. The
Volume Flow (Q) Vs Output Pressure (Pr)decreases, Pump Efficiency (ETA) Vs Output Pressure
(Pr)and Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) shows an increaese. The graph of
640
620
600
580
560
540
0
20
40
60
80
100
1.32
1.315
1.31
1.305
1.3
y = -0.0002x + 1.3121
R = 0.8062
1.295
1.29
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
y = 1.0973x + 2.6965
R = 1
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
580
y = 1.1167x + 471.94
R = 0.9902
560
540
520
500
480
460
0
20
40
60
80
100
20
y = 0.1864x + 1.3208
R = 0.9983
15
10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
15
10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
y = -0.0044x + 109.89
R = 0.2115
109.4
109.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
20
40
60
80
The characteristic curves for the experiment 2 and 4 were plotted in one graph.
For pump 1 :
Motor Input
Pump Total
Overall
Efficiency,
ETAgr
Power, PMi,
Head, H
(W)
(m)
Pump
Power
Output, Po
(W)
4.09
530
5.80
64.64
460
14.05
12.20
3.41
500
10.16
94.41
430
21.96
18.88
2.73
480
14.06
104.60
410
25.51
21.80
2.04
460
17.90
99.51
390
25.52
21.63
1.36
420
19.86
73.60
350
21.03
17.52
0.68
400
21.08
39.06
330
11.84
09.77
Volume Flow,
Q (m3/hr)
Pump
Power
Input, Pi
Pump
Efficiency,
ETA
(%)
Characteristics
500
400
Pmi
H
300
P0
Pi
200
ETA
100
ETAgr
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
From the graph plotted for pump 1, the pressure head (H) increases when the volume flow rate
(Q) increases. In addition, the motor input power (Pmi), pump output (Po), pump input (Pi),
pump efficiency (ETA), and overall pump efficiency (ETAgr) decreases as the Q increases.
For pump 3:
Motor
Power
Input,PMi
W
560
510
490
470
440
430
400
390
370
360
Volume
Flow rate,
Q
3
m /hr
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.53
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.55
0.57
Pump
Total
Head,H
m
137.43
126.00
114.57
103.15
91.72
80.30
68.87
57.45
46.02
32.75
Pump
Power
Output,P0
W
170.40
159.35
147.73
133.01
120.54
105.54
92.22
78.35
62.76
32.75
Pump
Power
Input, Pi
W
510
460
440
420
390
380
350
340
320
310
Pump
Efficiency
(ETA)
Overall
Efficiency
(ETAgr)
Volumetric
Efficiency
(ETAV)
33.41
34.64
33.58
31.67
30.91
27.77
26.35
23.04
19.61
10.56
30.43
31.25
30.15
28.30
27.40
24.54
23.06
20.09
16.96
9.10
94.35
95.76
97.22
96.81
98.18
97.77
99.20
100.90
100.41
103.70
Characteristics
500
Pmi
400
Q
P0
300
Pi
200
ETA
ETAgr
100
ETAv
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Output Pressure
From the graph plotted for pump 3, the volume efficiency (ETAv) and volume flowrate (Q)
increases when the output pressure (Pr) increases. In addition, the motor input power (Pmi),
pump output (Po), pump input (Pi), pump efficiency (ETA), and overall pump efficiency (ETAgr)
decreases as the output pressure (Pr) increases.
operating characteristics. From this experiment, it is proven that centrifugal pump, plunger pump
and gear pump has different working principle due to the type of fluid in which the pump is used
to move the fluid. The design of three pumps has a big difference as centrifugal pump and
plunger pump need two motor to run the pump. While the gear pump only needs a motor.
To ensure the experiment successfully, before conducting this experiment, it is necessary
to do some check up towards the equipment to avoid any misuse and malfunction. Each valve
should be properly open/closed according to the type of pump. Next, the pump should not be
operating when there is no liquid in the pipeline to avoid serious damage to the equipment.
Besides that, adjust the potentiometer to its minimum setting before switch off the pump. Lastly,
make sure that HV2 is not completely closed when P2 is running.
REFERENCES
1) Kirby, B.J. (2010). Micro- and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic
Devices.. Cambridge University Press .
2) Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications, Laurier L.
Schramm, Publisher: Wiley VCH, 26 July 2005
3) Cameron Tropea, Alexander L. Yarin, John F. Foss, Springer handbook of experimental
fluid mechanics Publisher: Springer, 9 October 2007
4) Falkovich, Gregory (2011), Fluid Mechanics (A short course for physicists), Cambridge
University Press