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5. Define the following: Equivalence ratio, stoichiometric ratio, Enthalpy of formation and
Enthalpy of Combustion.
Equivalence ratio
It is defined as the ratio of actual fuel to air mass ratio to that of stoichiometric fuel to air
mass ratio.
m f / ma actual
m f / ma
stoi
6.
1
0.0741
1 12.5
b) fuel air ratio
MFC8 H18
mf
8*12 18
0.57
12.5*16
ma
c) mole fraction of products
8
0.471
89
9
YH 2O
0.529
89
d ) Heat of Combustion
YCO2
1
0.01149
1 18(1 3.78)
b) fuel air ratio
MFC8 H18
mf
12*12 24
0.0766
18(16 3.78* 28)
ma
c) mole fraction of products
12
0.1304
12 12 68.04
12
0.1304
YCO2
YH 2O
7.
1.26
Tc 2800 K
r 8mm / s 7.5MPa
b 1670kg / m3
Molecular mass 28kg / kmole
Solution :
RTc
C*
1
2 1
8314
2500
22
2
1.26
1.26 1
1.26 1
21.26 1
1381.67 m / s
2 RTc Pe
Vj
1
1 Pc
8314
1.26 1
2800
5
1.26
1.01325
10
28
1
2177.85m / s
1.26 1
7.5 10
2 1.26
Vj
CF 0
CF 0
Vj
C*
1.5762
1
1
2 2 2 1 Pe
1
1.5762
Pc
1 1
F CF Pc At At
F
15000
1.2688 10 3 m 2
6
CF Pc 1.5762 7.5 10
I sp
Vj
I sp
g0
222 s
wp
wp
F 15000
67.56 N / s
I sp
222
wp wp tb 67.56 15 1013.51N
mp
wp
Ab
mp
g0
67.56
6.8876kg / s
9.81
6.8876
0.5155m 2
3
1670 6 10
b r
8.
The grain in a solid propellant rocket is a hollow cylinder bonded to the casing so that it
burns only on its inner cylindrical surface. Its density is 1600 kg/m3, and its burning rate is
characterized by r=0.0153 P 0.7 mm/s where P is in Mpa. At a point where diameter of
0.65m, generates the pressure p1= 0.7 Mpa, the grain d/D = 0.4 and L/D = 1.67, L being
the grain length and, d and D being its inner and outer diameters .Throat diameter is 60
mm. Determine the rate of change of chamber pressure, assuming the gas temperature
stays constant at 2750 K and that the gas specific heat ratio is 1.24 and D = 1.5 m. Take
R= 307 J/KgK.
Given :
b 1600kg / m3
r 0.0153P 0.7
Pc1 0.7 MPa at 0.65m diameter
d / D 0.4
L / D 1.67
D 1.5m
1.24
Tc 2750 K
R 307 J / kgK
solution :
L 1.67
C*
RTc
2
1
2 1
307 2750
2
1.24
1.24 1
Ab1a p c * 1 n
pc1
At
Ab1a p c *
2
At
3.0922m
1 n
Pc
Abi a p c * 1 n
pci
.5361MPa
At
Abo a p c * 1 n
pco
11.3693MPa
At
1.24 1
21.24 1
1400m / s