te “on, Korg XoDetermine la masa y el peso del aire contenido en un recinto cuyas dimensiones son 6 m X 6 m X 8 m. Suponga que la densidad del aire es 1.16 kg/m’. Assumptions The density of air is constant throughout the room. Properties The density of air is given to be p = 1.16 kg/m’, Analysis The mass of the air in the room is m= pV= Thus, ROOMA 45° de latitud, la aceleracién gravitacional en funcién de Ja altura z sobre el nivel del mar es g = a — bz, donde a = 9.807 m/s? y b = 3.32 X 10° s*. Determine la altura sobre el nivel del mar donde el peso de un objeto disminuya en 0.5 por ciento. Aualysis The weight of a body at the elevation z can be expressed as W=mg= In our case, w= W,= — mg,= substituting, 0 = 3z= ei Sea levelEl agua en un recipiente estd a presién, mediante aire comprimido, cuya presién se mide con un manémetro de varios liquidos, como se ve en la figura P1-53. Calcule la presion manométrica del aire en el recipiente si h; = 0.2 m, h, = 0.3 m y h, = 0.46 m. Suponga que las densidades de agua, aceite Assumptions The air pressure inthe tank is uniform (.e., its variation with elevation is negligible due to its low density), and thus we can determine the pressure at the ait-water interface. Properties The densities of mereury, water, and oi are given to be 13,600, 1000, and 850 kg/m’, respectively, Analysis Starting with the pressure at point | at the air-water interface, and moving along the tube by adding (as we go down) or subtracting (as we go up) the gh terms until we reach point 2, and setting the result equal to Py, sinee the tube is open to the atmosphere gives P+ Prater Sh; + Poly — Prercury G3 = Prem Solving for P;, AIR F, = Pay — Prater ~ Poa + Prrcuy8"3 F Pam = &(Prereuryls — Prater! — Poi!ty) Noting that P, aye =P; ~ Pa and substituting,La presion absoluta en agua a 5m de profundidad resulta ser de 15kPa. a)la presion atmosferica local y b) la prsion absoluta a 5m de profundidad en un liquido cuya gravedad especifica sea 0.85, en el mismo lugar geografico Assumptions The liquid and water are incompressible. Properties The specilic gravity of the Duid is given to be SG = 0.85. We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m’. Then density of the liquid is obtained by multiplying its specific gravity by the density of water, p=8G* pao = = Analysis (a) Snowing te absolute pressure, the atmospheric pressure can be p determined ftom a Pag =P-pgh ; x 1 kPa h = XX | 1000 Nin™ = 2 @® The ebsolute pressure at a depth of S mia the other liquid is ~ P=Po, + pghLos diametros del émbolo que muestra la figura son D1=3 pulg y Do=1.5 pulg. Determine la presion, en psia, en la camara, cuando las demas presiones son Pi= 150 psia y P2= 250 psia Analysis The area upon which pressure 1 acts is, wD aut YL in? KR 4 4 | and the area upon which pressure 2 acts is The force produced by pressure 1 on the piston is then A {—} while that produced by pressure 2 is RaRA F=PA=( psiaX— in?)= According to the vertical force balance on the piston free body diagram Fy=F,-F,= - = Pressure 3 is thenEl barometro basico se puede utilizar para medir la altura de un edificio. Si las lecturas barometricas en la parte superior y en la base del edificio son 675 y 695 mmHg respectivamente, determine la altura del edificio. Tome las densidades del aire y del mercurio como 1.18 kg/m3 y 13 600 kg/m3, respectivamente. Properties The density of air is given to be p = 1.18 kg/m’. The density of mercury is 13,600 ke/m* 675 mmHg Analysis Atmospheric pressures atthe top and at the bottom of the building are Pop = (PE! r0p =( oT X | \ | Frotiom = (PEM) retom { 695 munkig Taking an air column between the top and the bottom of the building and writing a force balance per unit base area, we obtain War A=Pootom — Pop (Piss = Proton — Pop ¢ x a{ — ——— he which is also the height of the building. )kPa It yieldsAgua dulce y de mar fluyen en tuberlas horizontales paralelas conectadas en U, como se muestra en la figura. Determine la diferencia de presién entre las dos tuberias, considerando la densidad del agua de mar a ese punto de p= 1035 kg/m3, ése puede ignorar la columna de aire en el andlisis? Assumptions 1 All the Liquids are incompressible. 2 The effect of ais column oa pressure is negligible. Properties The densities of seawater and mercury are given to ‘be Pia = 1035 ke/in® and pg, = 13.600 ke/m’, We take the density of water to be p 1000 ke/m?* Analysis Stasting with the pressure inthe fresh water pipe (point 1) and moving along the tube by adding (as we £0 down) or subtracting (as we go up) the gh terms until we seach the sea water pipe (point 2), and setting the result equal B+ Py Slty — Puig Shtg — Pas i + Pres Maes Rearranging and neglecting the effect of air column on pressure, Pre Bhi + Pi Bltstg — Pana has = 2 Pela — Decliw | ‘Therefore, the pressure in the fresh water pipe is kPa higher than the pressure in the sea water pipe Discussion A 0.70-m high air column with a density of 1.2 kg/m’ corresponds to a pressure difference of 0.008 kPa. ‘Therefore, its effect on the pressure difference between the two pipes is negligible.Con frecuencia, los globos se Ilenan con gas helio, porque sdlo pesa la séptima parte de lo que pesa el aire bajo condiciones idénticas. La fuerza de flotacion, que se puede expresar como Fi, = Pirc8Veiono, impulsard de subida al globo. Si el globo tiene 12 m de didmetro y lleva dos personas de 85 kg cada una, determine su aceleracién al soltarlo. Suponga que la densidad del aire es 1.16 kg/m* y desprecie el peso de sogas y la canastilla. Assumptions The weight of the cage and the ropes of the balloon is negligible. Properties The density of air is given to be p = 1.16 kg/m’. The density of helium gas is 1/7* of this. Analysis The buoyancy foree acting on the balloon is ‘The total mass is Mi = Past =[ te’ j= Mal = Me + Mpeople = = The total weight is T= Mn 8 =( y {— m=170ke Thus the net force acting on the balloon is Fugt = Fy -W = es Then the acceleration becomesLa fuerza generada por un resorte esti dada por F = kx donde k es la constante del resorte y x su deformacién. El resorte de la figura P1-95 tiene una constante de 8 kKN/cm. Las presiones son P, = 5.000 kPa, P; = 10000 kPa y P; = 1 000 kPa. Si los didmetros del mbolo son D, = 8 emy D, = 3.em, «cual sera la deformacion del resorte’? Analysis. Summing the forces acting on the piston in the vertical direction gives F,+F,+F, =F, Fy hv4+ PyAy + Py(Ay ~ 4) = Ay which when solved for the deflection of the spring and substituting A=2D7/4 gives x= [pp 7.03 -A,(07 -02)] ——t ] | We expressed the spring constant # in kNim, the pressures in kPa (Le. KN/u’) and the diameters in m units.Un recipiente con varios liquidos se conecta con un tubo en U, como se ve en la figura. Para las graveda- des especificas y alturas de columna indicadas, calcule la pre- sin manométrica en A, También determine la altura de u columna de mercurio que causara [a misma presion en A. Assumptions 1 All the liquids are incompressible 2 Presse i le laine pipe veuutius coustanl. 3 The ‘yaiation of aressae in the tapped ais space is a negligible. Air Properties The specific geavities are given ta be 12 56 Formeremy and 1.) for brine. We tke the -sinndard density of water 1o be £41000 hy’. dias Water Analysis Is clea from the problem statement and the igure that the brine pressure is auch higher than de ais RSS pressure, and wien the ais pressure drops 0.7 KPa, the resin difference herween the brine nd the nie space increases also by the same amount, ‘Stem Lauz w ult dhe air pressure (point A) und moving along the tube by adding (as we ao cown) ov subractise (as.we go-up) the pg teams wstilsve reach the beine pipe (point 2), and soni the result equal to Py before anid lier the pressure change ol uir give SCL [em Sum Area, Ay Before: Pay tO Shy * Preys — Pe Her =P Atle yt uth + PB — PeeSoe2 — Ms Subtracting Pa-Po Fy Pg FP ig SePo 8D 2 > Siping “SGA, 9 (I) Pe where Myes and Avy, are the changes in the differential mercury and brine cola heights, respectively, duc to the drop an air pressure, Both of these are positive quantities sinec as the mezeury-brine interface drops. the differential fluid heights for ‘both merensy and brine increase. Noting also tha he volume of mercury is constant, wehave a\Aihigia LoNlha nee Pan Pas diy, Bing = Mig | Mn = ic Sls = gL daa) Substinting, + Ay) yew