Software V1L0S Manual Ne, 910-0735 67919669/96 Preface ‘The Model 26DL Ultrasonic Gage has been designed and manufactured as a high quality instrument. Under normal working conditions it will provide long, trouble: free service. Damage in transit - Inspect the unit thoroughly immediately upon receipt for evi- dence of external or internal damage that may have occurred during shipment. Notify the carrier making the delivery immediately of any damage, since the carrier is nor mally liable for damage in shipment. Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation in orcer to establish damage claims. After notifying the ear- rier, contact Panametries so that we may assist in the damage claims, and provide re- placement equipment, if necessary. Warranty Panametrics guarantees the Model 26D to be free from defects in materials and \workmanship for a period of two years (twenty-four months) from date of shipment, ‘The warranty only covers equioment that has been used in a proper manner as de- scribed in this instruction manual and has not been subjected to excessive abuse, at- ‘tempted unauthorized repair, or modification. DURING THIS WARRANTY. PERIOD, PANAMETRICS LIABILITY IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF A DEFECTIVE UNIT AT ITS OPTION, Panametries does not warrant the Model 26DL. to be suitable for intended use, and assumes no re- sponsibility for unsuitability for intended use. Panametrics accepts no liability for con- sequential or incidental damages including damage to property and/or personal injury, Due to the wide variation in the severity of use and environment, the transducer and associated cable cannot be gusranteed for a fixed period of time. However, if transducer failure does occur and it is believed premature by the cus- tomer, upon examination by Panametrics, Panametries may elect to repair or replace ‘at no charge any failures resulting from defective materials or workmanship. ‘The customer will pay shipping expense to the Panametries plant for warranty repair; Panametrics will pay for the return of the repaired equipment. (For instruments not, under warranty, the customer will pay shipping expenses both ways.) Panametries offers an optional third year warranty coverage (at additional cost) at the time of purchase, Panametrics reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the responsi- bility for modifying previously manufactured products. Panametries does not assume any liability for the results of particular installations, as these circumstances are not within our control MODEL 26D169/96 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 24 22 23 SECTION 3 at 32 33 34 35 SECTION 4 4d 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4.10 att 442 443 414 415 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION BASIC OPERATION INITIAL SETUP. BASIC OPERATION... LOW BATTERY CALIBRATION INTRODUCTION enone ‘TRANSDUCER ZERO COMPENSATION. MATERIAL VELOCITY CALIBRATION... ‘ZERO CALIBRATION 22 23 23 34 34 32 VELOCITY AND ZERO CALIBRATION, ..snnmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ADDITIONAL GAGING FEATURES DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY FAST DISPLAY. 33 34 ot MINIMUM DISPLAY .....nssnsnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn HIGH/LOW ALARM DISPLAY RESOLUTION wn DISPLAY BLANK OR HOLD BACKLIGHT wenn MATERIAL SENSITIVITY OPTIMIZATION. 48.1 TO PERFORM MATERIAL SENSITIVITY OPTIMIZATION... 42 42 43 nde 482 TO RESTORE THE FREVIOUS MATERIAL OPTIMIZED SENSITIVITY 483 TO RETURN TO DEFAULT SENSITIVITY, 48.4 TO VIEW THE CURRENT GAIN AND THRESHOLD VALUES, GAIN BOOST CALIBRATION LOCK. KEYBOARD LOCK..... snnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ‘OSCILLOSCOPE MONITOR OUTPUT FOR MEASUREMENT VERIFICATION GAGE RESET. COMMUNICATION RESET... MASTER RESET. 44 odds 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 48 48 Att 412 41369/96 SECTION 5 DATA LOGGER & DATA COMMUNICATION FEATURES 51 DATALOGGER sn snomtinininrinninnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnnsne Sf 52 DATALOGGER OPERATION. 53 52.1 TO SETUP SINGLE OR DUAL TIER ORGANIZATION 53 52.2 TO DISPLAY ANDIOR CHANGE THE CURRENT DATA LOGGER MEMORY LOCATION. 53 523 TO CHANGE THE CURRENT DATA LOGGER MEMORY LOCATION USING THE OPTIONAL BAR CODE WAND..ws.nnnennn 5 5.2.4 TO DISPLAY THE VALUE STORED AT A SPECIFIED LOCATION. ein 5-4 525 TO SAVE A THICKNESS VALUE AT A SPECIFIED LOCATION 54 5.26 TO ERASE A VALUEAT A SPECIFIED LOCATION 55 5.2.7 TO ERASE DATA STORED AT A SPECIFIED X-TIER BLOCK OF LOCATIONS IN DUAL TIER... 55 528 TO ERASE ALL STORED DATA FROM BOTH SINGLE AND DUAL TIER LOCATIONS. 55 5.2.9 TO TRANSMIT A DISPLAYED THICKNESS VALUE TO A CONNECTED DEVICE VIA THE SERIAL 0 CABLE... 55 52.10 TO TRANSMIT A SINGLE TIER RANGE OF DATA... 56 5.2.11 TO TRANSMIT A RANGE OF X-TIER BLOCKS OF DATA IN THE DUAL TIER SYSTEM... 7 senna 5B 52.12 TO TRANSMIT ALL STORED VALUES 57 5.2.13 TO TRANSMIT THE TABLE OF SETUP VALUES ONLY ..snnnnnneen 58 5:3 SERIAL COMMUNICATION SETUP...n.snninnnnnimnninnnnnnnnninnnnnnnnns 5B 54 COMMUNICATION RESET St SECTION 6 SPECIFICATIONS SECTION 7 BATTERY RECHARGING & REPLACEMENT 7. TOCHARGE BATTERIES. seimtinninninnnnnnnnnsnnnnsinnnnnnsnsne TA 7.2 TO CHANGE BATTERY PACK ...nnonnnnnnnnnnnninnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn TA SECTION 8 THEORY OF OPERATION SECTION 9 APPLICATION NOTES 9.1 DUAL ELEMENT TRANSDUCER MEASUREMENTS..... soon BA 9.2 FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE & ACCURACY ...x. seonnnennnne OY 93 TRANSDUCER SELECTION. a4 9.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS... seonnmnnnnnnnnnns 9S 95 SOUND VELOCITY AND TRANSIT TIME MEASUREMENTS. 96 9.6 USE OF THE MODEL 26DL WITH AN OSCILLOSCOPE. ....nsmnnmnnnnnnnnnnnn 9669/96 SECTION 10 MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING 10.1. ROUTINE CARE & MAINTENANCE. 104 10.2 TRANSDUCERS........sscsessenssseenensnsmansensentneenantrnsenastrnsenanerneenaneeneneaneenaereneeveeeen 1O=T 103 BATTERY CARE 102 10.4 ERROR MESSAGES... bssete svseteneenentansnnaneaneenaneaneevanennenvanerneesee 10° 105 _ OTHER ERROR OR PROBLEM INDICATIONS 102 10.6 DIAGNOSTIC SELF TESTS........ ssc cssesnne sve sssenen 10-3 10.6.1 START-UP 103 10.6.2 OSCILLOSCOPE VERIFICATION MODE .........cs:ssessssnsesusennseeneeneee 108 10.6.3 PULSERVRECEIVER PEEK TEST 104 40.64. DISPLAY TEST. 104 10.6.5 OSCILLATOR AND COUNTER TEST 10-5 10.6.6 EPROM TEST. rcrnnsnnnnnsnnsinnnneninnnnsnnsnnsns 10S 40.6.7 KEYBOARD TEST. 108 10.6.8 COMBINATION TEST. 105 10.6.9 MOVING BETWEEN TESTS AND SETUPS.. 1 10-6 10.7 ROM UPGRADES... seven seven OB 108 REPAIR SERVICE 106 10.9 REPLACEMENT PARTS AND OPTIONAL PARTS & EQUIPMENT ..c.nnsnsrnnsrsen 1056 APPENDICES 1 Sound Velocities Il Serial Interface - Detailed Description Ill Transmitted Data Formats IV Remote Control Commands V_ Summary of Display Flags, Symbols, Numeric Values, and Messages VI Summary of Keyboard Functions Vil Accessories & Replacement Parts FIGURES 1 Oscilloscope Verification Connection Diagram ... 49 2 Typical Oscilloscope Verification Display 410 3 Data Logger Memory Maps 52 4 Dual Transducer Sound Paths When Measuring Material Thickness... 82 5 Received Transducer Waveform When Measuring A Material Thickness 6-2 6 — Model 26DL Block DiagraM..nrccnnn seven 8S 7 Proper Alignment of Transducers For Cylindrical Surfaces... 92 8B Display Indicators... .nsnneene events v2 9 — 26DL Keyboard Layout ws6996 910.073) 1 GENERAL INFORMATION ‘The Panametrics Model 26DL is an advanced hand-held ultrasonic thickness gage designed primarily for corroded metal applications. An internal data logger and a full duplex serial RS-232 communications port allow easy interfacing to printers and computers. The gage uses dual transducers to measure the thickness of corroded, pitted, scaled, granular and other difficult materials from one side only. A full line of transducers is available to measure materials between 0.020" (0.50mm) and 10° (200mm) thickness and between -20°C and +4500°C in temperature, ‘The Model 26DL makes full use ofits microprocessor to offer many advanced measurement and data logging features. Moreover, the microprocessor in the Model 26DL continuously adjusts the receiver setup so that every measurement is optimized for reliability, range, sensitivity, and accuracy. ‘The advanced measurement features of the Model 26DL include the followin * Automatic probe recognition + Quick compensations for tansdacer temperature changes High and low thickness alarm funetions + Fast scan mode with 20 readings/sec. ¢# Hold or Blank display during loss of signal (LOS) conditions # "Hold minimum” reading modes * LCD with selectable backlight for a highly readable display under all lighting, conditions # Differential display relative to setpoint ‘Instant English/metric conversion * Keypad lockout functions to prevent accidental change to calibration or measurement mode * Selectable resolutions 001" (01mm) or 01" (1mm) ‘+ Easy calibration for unknown material velocity andjor transducer zero, * Automatic power off MODEL 26D. Page T-1910-0731 6996 ‘The data logger features of the Model 26DL include: Capacity to store 2000 fully documented thickness readings. * Choice of either single tier (1 10 19999) or dual tier (000, 001) 10 (999, 999) ID numbers + 1D numbers increment automaticaly or can randomly be set from keyboard + Save reading at ID# + Show stored readings on gage display 4 Brase selected data orall stored data Save or send a held reeding on the display (ideal for high temperature measurements) ‘Transmit selected dataor all stored data + Two way serial communication using RS-232 C/D protocol, © Keyboard programmable communication parameters. ‘Although the Model 26DL has many advanced features, itis very simple 10 use as a basic thickness gage. To measure thickness with a calibrated gage, couple the transducer to the surface of the material, and rea¢ the thickness, ‘This manual is designed to help the first time user get started by placing the essential ‘operating information inthe firs few sections. The advanced functions will be described in Sections 4 & 5. In general, the first time user should read the following sections: Section 1 General Information Section 2 Section 3 Calibration “Advanced users should read: Section 4 Add tional Gaging Features Section 5 Data Logger and Data Communications Features Reference and additional techn information is found in: Section 6 Specifications Section 7 Battery Recharging & Replacement Section 8 ‘Theory of Operation Section 9 App ication Notes Section 10 Maintenance and Trouble Shooting APPENDICES I Sound Velocities TH Serial Interface - Detaled Description UI Transmitted Data Formats IV Remote Control Commands V__ Summary of Display Flags, Symbols, Numeric Values, and Messages VI Summary of Keyboard Functions VII Accessories and Replasement Parts Page Td MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 2 BASIC OPERATION ‘The purpose of this section is to demonstrate how easily basic measurements can be made With the 26DL gage. ‘The unit tas been shipped from the factory set up with the following default conditions. STANDARD RESOLUTION: 0,001 in, oF 0.01mm SOUND VELOCITY: 0.2246 in/S or 5.704mm/jS. (Approximate sound velocity for the stainless steel test block provided with the gage.) See Note below. BLANK MODE: Display will blank when not making a measure- ‘ment. MIN LOS MODE: ‘When you are in the Minimum Measure mode, you ‘may view all readings while the transducer is cou pled to the material. When the transducer is not coupled, the minimum reading taken will be held ‘on the display until reset by the [MEAS] key. SINGLE TIER MODE: ‘The data logger will be set to store measurements at single tier ID locations (0001 - 19999). A further explanation of these default conditions may be found in later sections of this manual, They may be easly chenged by the operator after becoming familiar with the more sophisticated features of the gaye. These conditions have been selected to demonstrate how simple it is to use the instrument. NOTE: ‘The default value for sound velocity is only an approximation of the sound velocity in the test block material. The sound velocity of low to medium carbon alloy steel is typically 0.2320 inj or 5.900mm/LS. ‘Therefore if you find the default value gives inaccurate results on your ial, please refer o Section 3 for calibration instructions. MODEL 26D. Page 2-1910-0731 6996 2.1 INITIAL SETUP Follow this procedure when operating the gage for the frst time with the test block included with the gage and the default setings. Step 1: Plug the transducer into the connector atthe top end of the 26DL case. Note that the transduver cable connector must be oriented with center pin up, When unplugging s transducer, pull ONLY on molded plug, NOT on the ‘cable, Step 2: Press the [ON/OFF] key to tum the gage on, (The transducer should NOT be coupled to the test piece.) The display will now show the message: ‘This means thatthe gage requires the following transducer ZERO compensation steps to automatically compensate forthe current transducer delay line length, Step 3: Wipe all couplant from the tip of the transducer. Step 4: Press the [ZERO] key. ‘The display will show: Step 5: ‘The current units are ndicated on the right ofthe display. To change either inches (IN) or millimeters (MIM) tothe alternate measurement units, press the [IN/MIM] key. You are now ready to make measurements based on the default settings and the neluded test block. ‘This is not a substitute for doing a proper calibration. For materials. other than the included test block, See Note under Section 2. 3 on next page. Paged2 MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 2.2 BASIC OPERATION Step 1: Apply couplant to the test block or material at the spot to be measured. In general, the smoother the material surface, the thinner the couplant may be. Rough surfaces require more viscous couplant such as gel or grease. ‘couplants are required for high temperature applications (see Section 9.4). Step 2: Place the tip ofthe transducer to the surface of the material to be measured. Use moderate to firm pressure and keep the transducer as flat as possible on the material surface, See Section 9 for further hints on transducer coupling. Step 3: Read the material thickness on the gage display. Note: For highest accuracy both a velocity and zero cali done, Refer to Section 3, CALIBRATION, for this procedure. 2.3__LOW BATTERY ‘The gage will operate for atleast 60 hours between charges under normal conditions (not FAST mode and backlight off), The battery symbol will appear inthe upper left comer of the display when there is only a couple of hours of operating time left in the internal battery When there is insufficient battery charge, the gage will automatically turn off to prevent ‘damage to the battery (see Figure V-1 on page V-2 of Appendix V). The battery should be recharged using the Model 22CA Charger as described in Section 7, Battery Recharging and Replacement. MODEL 26D Pagoda910-0731 69/96 This page intentionally left blank Page ot MODEL 26D6996 910.073) 3 CALIBRATION 3.1__INTRODUCTION Calibration isthe process of adjusting the gage so that it measures accurately on a particular material, using a particular trnsducer at a particular temperature, The Model 26DL calibration procedure falls into the following three categories: ‘Transducer Zero Compensation -calibrates forthe sound transit time in each ofthe dual transducer delay lines which varies from unit to unit and with temperature. This simple “off-block" procedure must be done when the unit is tumed on, when the transducer is changed, and whenever the transducer temperature changes significantly. 2. Material Velocity Calibration or CAL VEL. is done using a thick test block of the ‘measured material with known thickness or by entering the previously determined ‘material velocity manually. It must be performed for each new measured material 3. Zero Calibration or CAL ZERO is done using a thin test block of the measured material ‘with known thickness, Unlike the first two calibrations, this procedure is not required unless the best absolute accuracy is demanded (better than +004" or 10mm). If required, it need only be done once for each new transducer and material combination. It does not have to be repected when the transducer temperature changes. ‘Transducer Zero Compensation will take care of i 3.2 TRANSDUCER ZERO COMPENSATION ‘This step must be done whenever the message “do...” and the ZERO flag are displayed (do ZERO). In addition, it shoulé be done from the Measure mode when the transducer temperature has changed significantly ‘To do the Transducer Zero Compensation, just wipe any couplant from the transducer face, and press the [ZERO] key, Ifthe[ZERO] key was pressed while "do." was being displayed, then the gage will go directly and automatically t the Measure mode. If the [ZERO] key \was pressed from the Measure mode, then the new ZERO calibration value will be displayed. Inthe latter case the [MEAS] key must be pressed to return to the Measure mode, MODEL 26D. Page 3910-0731 6996 ‘When measurements are being male on surfaces that are significantly above room tempera ture, the Zero should be recalibrated on a regular basis. This is less important for transducers Part Number D790 and D791 than for the remaining transducers that have various types of resin delay lines. Typically, there is very litle change in sound transit time in the delays, used in D790 and D791 compared with the delays used in the other transducers provided for use with the 26DL.. The frequency with which Zero Compensation should be made depends ‘on the rate of change of the internal temperature of the transducer. This is related to the material surface temperature, frequency of transducer application, length of time the transducer is held in contact with the material,and the accuracy that one wishes to obtain, For high temperature measurements itis recommended that the operator develop a schedule for Zero Compensation that takes these factors into account. It is generally recommended thatthe D790 or D791 be used for high temperature applications. (The D790 and D791 can also be used in general purpose applications.) This will minimize the frequency at which Zero Compensation must be done. It is also recommended that after Zero Compensation the accuracy of the measured thickness be checked periodically using a test block of the same material being inspected and of known thickness and at the temperature of us. 3.3 MATERIAL VELOCITY CALIBRATION 3.3.1 WHEN MATERIAL SOUND VELOCITY IS UNKNOWN ‘To do the Material Velocity Calibration, a calibration block made from the material to be ‘measured must be used. The block should be as thick as the thickest section to be measured and have flat, smooth, and paral el front and back surfaces. The thickness of the block must be known exactly First, update the Transducer Zeo Compensation by wiping the transducer face clean of all ‘couplant and pressing the [ZERO] key while in the Measure mode, Then press the [MEAS] key. Couple the transducer to the block. Press the [CAL] key, then when the thickness reading is stable, press the [VEL] key. Remove the transducer and enter the thickness ofthe standard using the numeric keys. An entry error may be corrected by pressing the numeral [0] key three times, then entering the correct value. Press the [MEAS] key to complete the calibration and return to Measure mode. Ifthe gage is tumed off before pressing the [MEAS] key, the velocity will not be updated to the new value but instead will retain the previous "current" value. If the gage double beeps and displays "OFLO" before returning to the Measure mode, then an error has been made in the czlibration procedure and the velocity has not been changed. ‘The most likely problem is that the thickness value entered was too large. Pages MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) ‘The [VEL] key may be pressed following Velocity Calibration (or at any time from the Measure mode) in order to read and record the material velocity for this particular material This velocity may be entered directly from the keyboard in the future when measuring 10 this material, without using the alock. Sound velocity inall materials changes with temperature, For maximum accuracy the cal bration block should be at approximately the same temperature asthe samples to be measured. 3.3.2 WHEN MATERIAL SOUND VELOCITY IS KNOWN When preparing to measure a different material, of known sound velocity, the velocity may be entered directly without doing the CAL VEL procedure discussed above. From the Measure mode press the [VEL] key. The current velocity will be displayed. ‘Then the new velocity may be entered using the numeric Keys. An entry ertor may be corrected by pressing ‘numeral [0] three times, then envering the correct value. Press the [MEAS] key to complete the entry and return to the Measure mode. If the gage is tured off before the [MEAS] key is pressed, the velocity will not be updated to the new value but instead will retain the previous “current” value, 3.4 ZERO CALIBRATION To do the Zero Calibration, a caibraton block of the material to be measured must be used. ‘The block should be as thin as the thinnest section to be measured. Ifthe surface of the 'material to be inspected is rough, the surface of the calibration block may be roughened 10 simulate the actual surface to be measured. Rough surfaces generally reduce the accuracy ‘of measurements but simulating actual surface conditions on the calibration block can help to improve results. The exact thickness of the sample must be known. First update the ‘Transducer Zero Compensation by wiping the transducer face clean of all couplant pressing the [ZERO] key while nthe Measure mode. Press the [MEAS] key. Then couple the transducer to the standard. Press the [CAL] key, then when the thickness reading is stable, press the [ZERO] key. The [ZERO] key will not be accepted ifthe LOS display flag ison, Remove the transducer and enter the thickness ofthe standard using the numeric keys. An entry error may be corrected by pressing the [0] key three times, then entering the correct, value, Press the [MEAS] key to complete the calibration and return to the Measure mode. Ifthe gage is tured off before the [MEAS] key is pressed, the Zero value will not be updated to the new value but instead will retain the previous Yeurrent” value. If the gage double-beeps and displays "OFLO” before returning to the Measure mode, an error has been made in the calibration procedure and the Zero value has not been changed, ‘The most likely cause is thatthe entered thickness was not correct, MODEL 26D. Pages910-0731 6996 3.5 VELOCITY AND ZERO CALIBRATION ‘The Material Velocity and Zero Calibration procedures may be combined using a thick and ‘a thin calibration block of the same material First update the Transducer Zero Compensation by wiping the transducer face and pressing the [ZERO] key while in the Measure mode. Press the [MEAS] key. Then couple the transducer to the thick calibration block. Press the [CAL] key. When the thickness reading is stable, press the [VEL] key. Remove the transducer and enter the thickness of the thick block. Couple the transducer to the thin block and press the [CAL] key. When the reading is stable, press the [ZERO] key. Remove the transducer and enter the thickness of the thin block. Press the [MEAS] key to complete the calibration and go to the Measure mode. Note:The above Velocity and Zero Calibration may be achieved by per- forming the operation i ie. CAL ZERO first and then CAL, VEL. Ifthe message" UFLO" is displayed when attempting to calibrate or ‘measure a thin material, then do the following: 1. Carefully repeat the calibration, making sure that the thin eali- bration block is within the measurement range of the transducer. If the "UFLO" message is not corrected, then continue with the steps below: 2. Doa Gage Reset. Turn the gage on while holding the [CAL] key down. Then press [1]. Turn the gage off and on, 3. Couple to the thin calibration block. The "UFL should be replaced by'a thickness value. If the "UFLO" message is, still displayed after doing a Gage Reset, then the gage should be ‘checked at the factory. 4. After gage reset, the measured thickness value while coupled to the thin calibration block should be within +0.010 inch or +0,20mm of the correct thickness. If the indicated thickness is two or more times the actual thickness of the thin calibration block, the gage is "doubling", ie, measuring to the 2nd or 3rd multiple echo. Do not attempt to do a Zero or a Velocity and Zero calibration under this, on. Doing so will eause the "UFLO" message to re-appear. Either the calibration block is thinner than the specified capability of the transducer, the transducer is malfunctioning, or the gage is malfunctioning, Pages MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 4 ADDITIONAL GAGING FEATURES ‘The Model 26DL has many features in addition to those discussed in Section 2, BASIC OPERATION. The use of these features is not required for basic "measure material thickness” operation. However. they can make the gage a more powerful, versatile inst ment. The Differential Display, Fast Display, Minimum Display, and HI/LO Alarm increase the usefulness and versatility ofthe basic gage. The Display Backlight and Material Sensitivity Optimization increase the applications which the gage can handle, The Calibration Lock and full Keyboard Lock functions provide extra reliability and security. An optional Scope Monitor provides oscilloscope verification of proper echo detection for critical measure- ‘ments. Finally, the various Reset functions provide a quick and easy way to return the gage to known basic setup conditions. 1__ DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY ‘The differential display feature allows the user to view and change a Differential Thickness Reference Value, and also to select the display of the Differential Thickness, defined below: (Differential Thickness) = (Measured Thickness) - (Differential Reference Value) ‘The units and resolution ofthe Differential Reference Value and the Differential Thickness are the same as those selected for the thickness measurement, To view, set, or change the Differential Reference Value, press the [DIFF] key while in the Measure, Fast Measure, Min Measure, or Alarm Measure Mode, The DIFF display flag will ‘appear and the current Differential Reference Value will be displayed. ‘The value may be ‘changed using the numeric keys. From the Set/View Differential Mode, the Differential Measure mode may be selected as follows. Ifthe gage had been in the Measure or Alarm Measure mode before [DIFF] was pressed, press the [MEAS] key t enter the Differential Measure Mode. Ifthe gage had been in the Fast Measure or a Min Measure mode, then pressing the [MEAS] key will enter the Fast Differential Measure or tke Min Differential Measure mode. Differential Measure modes are indicated by the DIFF and the MEAS (and FAST or MIN if appropriate) display flags. ferential measure and Alarm Measure modes are mutually exclu sive modes (ie. they cannot co-exist in the gage). From the Set/View Differential mode or any Differential Measure Mode, pressing the [DIFF] kkey will return the gage to the Measure Mode. ‘The Differential Reference Value will be remembered, however, for lateruse. MODEL 26D. Pagea1910-0731 6996 Differential Reference Values are internally converted to the closest equivalent value in the alternate units when the (IN/VM] key is pressed. However, all Differential Reference Values above 7.873 in, are converted to 199.99mm. Also, 199.99mm is converted to 10.000 in, This is because 10.000 in. anc 199.99mm are maximum readings for the gage. 4.2 FAST DISPLAY ‘The Fast Display mode increases the measurement and display update rate from 2 measure- ments per second to about 20 measurements per second. This may be useful when the thickness profile ofthe test piee: is very imegular, at elevated temperature, or when surface conditions are so rough that thickness cannot be measured at all locations. In this type of situation, a technique in which Fast Display is selected and the transducer is scanned or rocked on the material surface may allow good readings to be obtained more quickly. Note that battery charge life is decreased by more than 50% when operating in the Fast mode. To select the Fast Display made, press the [FAST/MIN] key while in the Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode. The Fast Display mode is indicated by the MEAS display flag, and the flashing FAST/MIN display flag. The DIFF or ALARM display flags may also be on. To exit from the FAST display mode, press the [FAST/MIN] key twice. 4.3 _MINIMUM DISPLAY The Minimum mode displays the smallest thickness measured since the Minimum mode was selected or since it was rese.. The minimum display is automatically updated at the fast rate (20 measurements per second). ‘The Minimum mode is useful when it is important to determine the thinnest reading obtained while making a series of readings on a test piece. There are actually two different Minimum modes available to best suit specific needs and preferences. They are described below: ‘The ALL MIN mode displays the minimum reading continuously until itis reset, That is, ‘the minimum reading is displayed during transducer contact and is held when the tansducer is uncoupled. The display updates only when the gage makes thickness reading lower than the previous displayed minimum, When the ALL MIN mode is first entered and after itis, reset the numeric display is blark. "The LOS MIN mode displays the minimum reading when the ransduceris uncoupled (hence LOS for Loss of Signal) but displays the actual measured thickness when the transducer is coupled to the material, This allows the benefits of real time thickness readout to be ‘combined with a minimum holdeature. When the LOS MIN mode is selected, all functions Which operate on the thickness reading operate on the displayed data only. Thus the Differential, Alarm, Save and Single Send functions will utilize the actual thickness (being displayed) in the LOS MIN moi rather than the internally held minimum thickness when the transducer is in contact. Ten when the transducer is removed these functions utilize the displayed minimum thickness. Minimum mode readings saved and sent using the data, logger will be identified as such Page 42 MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) imum reading can appear when the transducer is lied from the test piece. ‘This can happen when an ‘excess of couplaat is used, particularly on smooth surfaces, causing, ‘the gage to read the thickness of a couplant drop as the transducer lifted. ‘To avoid this problem, use only as much couplant as necessary and remove the transducer with a sideways motion rather than lifting straight up. Verification or selection of the type of MIN mode is done in the SP_2 (Special Mode #2) setup mode. With the gage off, press and hold the [DIFF] key, then press the [ON/OFF] key. ‘The gage will respond by displaying "SP_2". Press the [7] key. The current type of MIN mode is displayed as follows. The MIN display flag and "ALL" for ALL MIN mode (or "LOS” for LOS MIN mode will be shown. Pressing [ON/OFF] or any other valid setup ‘key will leave the MIN mode unchanged. Each time the {7} key is pressed, the MIN mode will altemate between "ALL" and "LOS", To select a MIN Measure mode from the Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure ‘mode, press the [FAST/MIN] key twice, The MIN and MEAS display flags as well as the DIFF or ALARM display flags, when appropriate, wll indicate a MIN Measure mode. The rhumeric display will be blank until the first measurement is made, To select a MIN Measure mode from the Fast Measure, Fast Differential Measure, or Fast ‘Alarm Measure mode, press the [FAST/MIN] key once. ‘Toreset the held minimum value so that the minimum for a new series of measurements can be found, press the [MEAS] key. The display will blank indicating thatthe old minimum value has been reset. Saving or sending a minimum reading will also reset the minimum, ‘Toexit froma MIN Measure mode and return tothe Measure, Differential Measure, or Alarm Measure mode, press the [FAST/MIN] key. 4.4 HIGH/LOW ALARM ‘The Alarm feature allows the user to view and change the Low Alarm Reference Valve, the High Alarm Reference Value, and also to switch on or off the visual and audible alarm functions. The Alam Reference Values are thickness setpoints in the current gage units and resolution, When an Alarm Measure mode is selected, he alarm condition oceurs when any displayed reading (either actual, differential, o minimum) is either less than the Low Alarm Reference Value or greater than the High Alarm Reference Value. The alarm condition is indicated by a flashing numeric display and a repeated audible beep. In the MIN Alam Measure mode (either MIN LOS or MIN ALL) there is a two second delay when the transducer is uncoupled before tie alarm condition is indicated. The Alarm mode and alarm condition is recorded in the datalogger forall stored measurements. The [MEAS] key resets the alarm condition. To view andjor change the Alerm Reference Values, press the [ALARM] key from any Measure mole, The existing Low Alarm Reference Value will be displayed with the ALARM flag. This value may be changed using the numeric keys or accepted as is. Press the [ALARM] key again to display the existing High Alarm Reference Value. This value may be changed or accepted as is. Ifa higher value is entered fitst followed by a lower MODEL 26D. Pageaa910-0731 6996 rhumber, then the gage will intespret the lower number as the Low Alarm Reference Value and the higher value as the High Alarm Reference Value. Press the [MEAS] key to goto the Alarm Measure, Fast Alarm Measure or Minimum Alarm Measure mode. Note that ifthe previous mode was a Differential Measure mode, pressing the [ALARM] key will then disable the Differential mode. Ifinstead of pressing the [MEAS] key, you press the [ALARM] key for the third time, then the unit will go to the Measure Fast Measure, or Min Measure mode with the Alarm Reference Values set as displayed but without the Alarm function enabled. If the [MEAS] Key is pressed immediately after the Low Alarm Reference Value has been changed, then the gaye assumes that only the Lov Alarm function is of interest and will automatically set the High Alarm Reference Value 10 full scale, i. 10.000 in. or 199.99mm, so that it will never be exceeded. 4.5 DISPLAY RESOLUTION The displayed resolution, ie. the number of digits shown to the right ofthe decimal point, for thickness values may be changed from the keyboard. This may be useful in some applications in which the extra precision ofthe last digit is not required or where extremely rough outside orinside surfaces make the last display digit unreliable. These two resolutions are selectable: Standard (factory default) is .001 in. or 0Lmm, and Low is 01 in. or .Imm, ‘To change the resolution while in the Measure mode, press [MEAS] while holding [1]. The new resolution will be shown briefly as dashes to the right ofthe decimal point. Each dash represents a decimal digit. The unit then reverts to the Measure mode. 4.6 DISPLAY BLANK OR HOLD ‘The measured thickness display may be made to continue to display the last measured thickness when transducer contact with the material i lost or when there is insufficient signal to make a measurement, ie. during LOS. This is called the Display Hold mode. In the Display Blank mode the numeric part of the thickness display is tumed off during LOS. To change to the altemate display mode from the Measure mode, press [MEAS] while holding [2 4.7 _BACKLIGHT ‘The display backlight feature internally illuminates the liquid crystal display with a bright uniform light. This allows the display (which has excellent visibility in normal to high ambient light conditions) to be viewed in low to zero ambient light conditions. It is recommended that the backlight be used only when necessary. Both the battery operating time and the long term brightness of the backlight are substantially decreased when the backlight is used continuously. Page aa MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) ‘To tum on the backlight, press the Key with the light bulb symbol. Press the [light bulb] key again to tum off the backlight, The backlight key operates in every gage mode including keyboard lock. 4.8 MATERIAL SENSITIVITY OPTIMIZATION ‘The Material Sensitivity Optimization feature allows the normal measurement sensitivity 10 be increased or decreased by an amount related to the measured peak noise in a specific ‘transducer and material sample combination. Normally the Model 26DL adjusts its receiver ‘sain and detection level depending on both the transducer type and on the received echo characteristics. Also, each transducer type imposes its own maximum gain and minimum detection threshold to prevent any transducer related or material related noise from being seen as a thickness echo. ‘This works well in most corroded material gaging applications However, in certain special cases, it is advantageous (© modify those fixed limits on sensitivity. The 26DL optimizes sensitivity by using actual material noise level measurements rather than fixed gain boosts or fixed attenuators. While the transducer is coupled toathick sample Cf the material of interest, the gage measures the peak noise level up to the specified back wall thickness. ‘Then the gain and detection threshold values are adjusted to produce the ‘maximum backwall sensitivity without hanging up on noise. Performing the sensitivity optimization procedure on different materials may yield different results. Inthe case of grainy maerials such as cast iron, or high surface noise materials such as aluminum, this procedure will result in a beneficial decrease in sensitivity. In the case of hhot materials with rough surfaces or other highly attenuating but low noise material, this procedure may produce a useful increase in sensitivity 4.8.1 TO PERFORM MATERIAL SENSITIVITY OPTIMIZATION Step I: To perform the material sensitivity optimization, the material velocity must first be set to within #10% . If a good step block velocity calibration cannot be accomplished before material sensitivity optimization, then the best guess veloc- ity should be entered from a sound velocity table (See Appendix 1). Step 2: While in the Measure displaying we, press numeral [0]. The gage will respond by or "=~", depending on units and resolution. Step 3: Enter the estimated sample thickness of the material sample. Tt is better to guess low, if uncertain Step 4: Couple the transducer to the material sample until the new measurement is displayed in Step 5. The sample should match the material to be gaged as closely 8 possible in surface condition and temperature. ‘The couplant and transducer used here should be the same as in the final application. Step 5: Press [MEAS]. The sensitivity optimization will be performed and the gage will center the Measure mode, The correct thickness is displayed. The MEAS flag will flash to indicate that the default sensitivity has been altered. MODEL 26D. PageaS910-0731 6996 Note: Whenever the 26DL is turned off, gain and threshold levels return to their programmed defcult values, 48.2 TO RESTORE THE PREVIOUS MATERIAL OPTIMIZED SENSITIVITY When operating with the default sensitivity values, the previous optimized sensitivity settings may be recalled directly without repeating the procedure described in 4.8.1, The ‘only requirement is that the transducer eannot have been changed since doing the original Material Sensitivity Optimization, If an attempt is made to restore an optimized sensitivity that does not exist, then default sensitivity is used even though the flashing "MEAS" flag implies optimized sensitivity ‘To recall an optimized sensitivity from any measure mode, press (0). Then when th ‘prompt is displayed just press [CAL]. The optimized sensitivity will be restored and the unit will return to the measure mode with the "MEAS" flag blinking, 4.8.3 TO RETURN TO DEFAULT SENSITIVITY When operating with optimized sensitivity values, ie. any time the "MEAS" flag sblinking, the default sensitivity may be restored directly by pressing [0]. Then, when the "=" prompt is displayed just press [MEAS]. The "MEAS" flag will show continuously indicating that default values are being used After restoring default sensitivity, the optimized values are stored intermally for later recall, Default Sensitivity may also be restored by turning the gage off and on and pressing [ZERO 4.84 TO VIEW THE CURRENT GAIN AND THRESHOLD VALUES ‘The current sensitivity may be observed as a value proportional to gain and a value proportional to detection thresheld. To show values on the gage display while in the measure mode, press [MEAS] while holding [4]. A sequence of two numbers will be displayed for about one second each. The first value is proportional to the gain of the gage. The second is proportional to the detection threshold voltage. The number will indicate the default values for the type of transducer being used unless sensitivity optimization or gain boost is in effect, in which case the optimized or boosted values will be shown, Pageae MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 4.9 GAIN BOOST ‘The Gain Boost allows the normal measurement sensitivity tobe increased by a fixed amount (approximately 104B or x3). This function is available for the D790, D790-SM, D791, and D799 high temperature transducers and D798 moderate temperature transducers only. ‘This function is available for those applications in which more than the default sensitivity is required but it is preferred to use a fixed sensitivity inerease rather than a sensitivity proportional to the measured noise. Use of the Gain Boost function is generally recom ‘mended for all high temperature measurements. Follow the procedure below to boost the sensitivity while u D798 or D799 transducer: 2 «D790, D790-SM, D791, Step I: Press [MEAS if not already in the Measure mode. Step 2: Hold [3] down and press [MEAS]. The MEAS flag will flash indicating that the default has been mocified. Step 3: To return fo the default sensitivity press [3] and [MEAS] atthe same time again. Also, when the gage is turned off and then on again, it will restore the default sensit 4.10 CALIBRATION LOCK ‘The Calibration Lock feature allows the gage £0 be set up so that no calibration values, ie, no values which can affect the value of the displayed measurement, can be altered (with the exception of transducer zero while the gage is displaying "do..")- These include Velocity, Zero, Differential Reference, ard Alarm Reference Values. However, these values can be ‘viewed, measurement modes can be changed, and the data logger functions can be used in the Calibration Lock condition ‘To set the Calibration Lock, press the [6] and the 9] keys together while in a Measure mode. ‘The lock symbol will tum on after the [6] and [9] keys are pressed together to indicate that the Calibration Lock is being activated. If you press a locked key while the gage is in the Calibration Lock condition, the lock symbol will be displayed while the key is held down, ‘Torelease the Calibration Lock, press the [6] and (9] keys together again. The lock symbol will be displayed momentarily to indicate that the Calibration Lock is being released, MODEL 26D. Pageat910-0731 6996 4.11 KEYBOARD LOCK ‘The Keyboard Lock feature allows the gage to be set up so that no keys except [ON/OFF], the [ZERO] key when "do_." is cisplayed, the backlight key, andthe [3] and [6] keys together are operative, When the Keyboard is locked, the gage may be used to measure thickness in the mode in which the keyboant Lock feature was initiated, However, no other functions may be initiated, To set the Keyboard Lock, press the [3] and [6] keys together, The lock symbol will be displayed continuously to indicate the presence of the Keyboard Lock. To release the Keyboard Lock, press the [3] and [6] keys together again, ‘The lock symbol will go off. It is possible to et the Keyboard Lock function when the unt is in the Calibration Lock mode. However, releasing the Keyboard Lock will also release the Calibration Lock. 4.12 OSCILLOSCOPE MONITOR OUTPUT FOR MEASUREMENT VERIFICATION A special version of the Model 26DL with a connector forthe optional Scope Monitor, Part 4¥#26SM is available. The scope monitor outputs and the associated plug-in scope monitor interface box allow the user to view the amplified transducer echo waveform (RF) and marker waveform (MARK) on a separate oscilloscope. ‘The marker signal shows the positions of the material entry time, the echo window gate, and the point of detection. See Figure 2. ‘The oscilloscope monitor is usefilin verifying the validity of a particular displayed thickness reading. For example, the oscilloscope monitor may be used to verily whether the gage is correctly measuring (0 the first received echo in a pitted material or is missing the frst echo and instead measuring to a second, larger backwall echo. Some corrosion survey test procedures may require the use ofan oscilloscope for verification. Note: ‘The correct interpretation of the seope waveforms requires a trained operator who is fami 7 testing. ‘To connect and set up the oscilloscope monitor, refer to Figure 1 Step: Plug the 268M into the upper left comer of the special enclosure of the Model 26DL Gaze. The label of the 268M should be facing upward when viewing the gage display Step 2: Connect the three scope output cables to the oscilloscope as follows: SYNC to + Trigger Input RF to + Input Charnel one (set to 0.5Vidiv.) MARK 10 Input Channel two (set t0 0.5V/div.) Pageae MODEL 26D.6996 910-073), OSCILLOSCOPE sven baron SCOPE MONITOR woe. 2659 : a met sransoucer —elfh{ SPEOMEN To 100,115, 230,260,VAC c— 50/60 Hz reese MODEL 260L. Figure 1 Oscilloscope Verification Connection Diagram MODEL 26D, Pages910-0735, output MARKER OUTPUT syNc SCoPE TRIGGER —————— FOR REFERENCE 6996 rast BACALL Eco ; sccono BACKWAIL sureace cy noise a | ewo wnoow—2 of L. —weasureo | | | TRV a vera Cun excrATION (zen) ME PUI ; Figure 2 Typical Oscilloscope Verification Display Page 410 MODEL 26D.6996 Step 3: Step 5: Step 6: 910.073) ‘The plug-in adapter/charger should be used if possible to avoid discharging the battery. ‘The battery charge will only last about 4 hours when the Scope Monitor Interface box is being used without a charger. With the gage off, hold [MEAS] and press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_1" will, be displayed. Press the [1] key. ‘The unit wil be in the Measure mode withthe scope monitor activated Set the gage to any other Measure mode if required. Make a thickness messurement, ‘The measurement waveforms will be shown on the oscilloscope screen, ‘Typical oscilloscope waveforms are shown in Figure 2. The figure also identifies the various parts and relationships of the waveforms. 4.13 GAGE RESET ‘A simple key sequence may be used to quickly restore the gage to the default setup shown below. This may be useful to rew operators while becoming familiar with the individual advanced feature setups described earlier in this section. This may also be useful 10 experienced operators as eff nt short-cut 10 a known configuration. ‘The default set up performed by this reset is as follows: Measure mode with Differential, Fast, Min and Alarms turned off. Material Velocity = 2246 in,uS or 5 the included test blocks mate velocity of Default zero calibration, Default sensitivity (no optimization), Differential Reference Value = 0.0 in. or mm, Low Alarm Reference Value = 0.0 in, or mm, High Alarm Reference Value = 10.0 in, or 199.99mm Cal keys unlocked Keyboard unlocked Single Tier data logger organization ID#= 0001 Blank display when LOS Standard resolution, i¢..001 in, or OLmm Backlight off LOS Minimum mode MODEL 26D. Page 411910-0731 6996 To perform the Gage Default s up Reset, follow the procedure outlined below: Step 1: With the gage off, hold [CAL] and press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_4" will be displayed for special mode 4. Step 2: Then press [1]. ‘The message "don" will be displayed momentarily before retuming to "SP_4", The reset has been performed, Other resets may be directly selected or the gage may be operated by pressing [ON/OFF] twice, 4.14 COMMUNICATION RESET A simple key sequence may be used to quickly restore the serial YO communications parameters to the default set up shown below. This may be useful to new operators while becoming familiar with the individual set ups described in Section 5, Thismay also be useful to experienced operators as an efficient short-cut to a known communication configuration The default communication parameter set up performed by this reset is as follows: © Baud Rate = 1200 © Word Length =7 + Stop Bits = Parity = none ‘© Output Characters per line = 80 ‘+ Output Format = Full Thickness Table with Setup Table To perform the Serial Commurication default set up reset, follow the procedure outlined below: Step I: With the gage off, hold [CAL] and press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_4" will be displayed for special mode ~4. Step 2: Press [2]. The messege "don will be displayed momentarily before returning to" SP_A”. The reset as been performed. Other resets may be directly performed ‘or the gage may be operated by pressing [ON/OFF] twice. Page 4-12, MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 4.15 MASTER RESET ‘A Master Reset is available which combines the actions of Gage Default Setup (Section 4.13), Communication Default Setup (Section 4,14), and Clear All Stored Data (Section 5.2.7). Since this reset not only changes many parameters but also erases stored data, it should be used with caution. It is a powerful and useful function but the user should be aware ofits consequences. Probably the most likely use is after the battery has been replaced ‘rafter the unit has been dissasembled for service. To do Master Reset Step I: With the gage off, hold [CAL] and press [ON/OFF], ‘The message "SP_4" will be displayed for special mode -4 Step 2: Hold [3] and press [CLR MEM]. The message “donk” will be displayed momentarily before -etrurning to "SP_4”. The reset has been performed. The gage must now be tumed off before performing other setups or making measure ments, MODEL 26D. Page 13910-0731 6996 This page intentionally left blank Page ala MODEL 26D6996 910.073) 5 DATA LOGGER & DATA COMMUNICATION FEATURES ‘Two very powerful and useful features of the Model 26DL are the intemal data logger and the full duplex serial RS232 communications interface with a decoder for extemal com- mands, The operation ofthe Data Logger and data transmission are discussed inthis section. Details of the serial interface cables, the format of the transmitted data and the remote control ‘commands may be found in the following appendices: Appendix If Serial Interface Appendix II Transmitted Data Formats Appendix IV Remote Control Commands An optional Bar Code Wand is available (see Appendix VID). This bar code wand allows ‘measurement location ID#’s to be read directly into the gage by simply scanning bar code labels, The Bar Code Wand plugs directly into the gage I/O connector. 1 DATA LOGGER ‘The data logger contains a battery backed up memory. It can store up 10 2048 thickness readings. Each stored reading has a unique location ot identification number (ID#) which Will be explained below. Each reading also has a set of "flags” stored with it (explained below), which completely describes the type of measurement, Furthermore, each stored reading has a "setup number" stored with it (explained below), which specifies gage parameter values which are relevant to the stored reading. ‘The data logger has two different selectable methods of organizing the location numbers or ID#'s. In the first method, caled "Single Tier’, ID#"’s may be any value between 0 and 19999, In the second method, called "Dual Tier", ID#'s consist of two components; an X number between 0 and 999 anda Y number between 0 and 999, ‘The data structure can be visualized asa two dimensional array of locations with 1000 columns specified by the X-tier part of the ID# and 1000 rows specified by the Y-tier part of the ID#, See Figure 3. The usefulness of the dual tier structure comes from the ability to associate the X-tier with Particular physical structures such as tanks, pipes, pressure vessels etc.,and to associate the YY-tier with particular measurement locations on each structure, Another association might be the X-tier numbers correspend to survey dates and the Y-tier numbers correspond to physical locations ‘The data logger memory can simultaneously contain stored data in both single and dual ier locations, However, data can be entered in or retrieved from the selected tier system only. ‘The selected tier system may be changed from the SP_2 menu (see $.2 below). Flags are automatically entered for each stored reading (0 indicate the specific mode (i. Measure, Differential, Minimuri or Alarm, and High or Low alarm condition). MODEL 26D. Page 5-16996 910-0731 MEMORY LOCATION 11 DATA LOGGER MEMORY Ds =o MAP OF SINGLE TIER DATA LOGGER MEMORY 999 566 866 286 6 oo We 3 4S X TER = a MAP OF DUAL TIER DATA LOGGER MEMORY Figure 3. Data Logger Memory Maps MODEL 26D. Pages6996 910.073) A set up number between 1 and 50 is automatically recorded with each saved reading. Each set up number corresponds to ¢ unique set of values for Velocity, Differential Reference value, Low Alarm Reference value, High Alarm Reference value, units and transducer type. ‘The data logger automaticaly increments single tier ID#"s and the Y-tier part of dual-tier ID#"s every time a reading is saved. This allows easy saving to sequential locations. The ID# may also be entered manually from the keyboard. ‘The data logger also allows easy review of the contents of any location on the gage display. Also, the contents of any individual location, range of locations or all locations may be erased. Most importantly, the data stored in a range of ID#’s or in all locations may be sent 10 a ‘computer or printer on the serial YO line. The single reading being displayed may also be transmitted, 5.2 _DATA LOGGER OPERATION 5.2.1 TO SET UP SINGLE OR DUAL TIER ORGANIZATION ‘a, Start with the unit off. b. While holding [DIFF] press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_2" will be displayed. c. Press [6], ‘The current data logger organization will be displayed as either "Sing" for ‘Single Tier or “UAL” for Dual Tier. 4d. Press [ON/OFF] to accept the displayed organization or press [6] again followed by {ON/OFF} to change to the alternate tier configuration, 5.2.2 TO DISPLAY ANDIOR CHANGE THE CURRENT DATA LOGGER MEMORY LOCATION ‘a, While in the Measure mode or view memory mode press [ID b. IF in the single-tier mode, the current ID# will be displayed. If in the dual-tier mode, the X-tier par of the current ID# will be displayed. ¢. Enter a different number if desired using the numeric keys. This completes the ‘operation in the single tier mode. 4. If in the dual tier mode, press [ID#] again to view the Y-tier part of the current IDA. If the X-tier part was change¢ in the previous step, the Y-tier part will be reset 0 000. fe. Enter different Y-tier nurmber if desired. This completes the operation in dual-tier. MODEL 26D. Pagesa910-0731 6996 5.2.3 TO CHANGE THE CURRENT DATA LOGGER MEMORY LOCATION USING THE OPTIONAL BAR CODE WAND. ‘a, The communications parameters must be set tothe default values shown in Section 5.4, See Sections 5.3b and 5.4 for details. b. Plug the optional Panametrics Bar Code Wand (P/N 26DL/BCW) into the 1/0 connec: tor. ¢. With the gaye in the Measure Mode, scan the tip ofthe bar code wand completely across the special ID code label. This should be done as if a straight line were being drawn through the label. ‘The speed should be moderate to fast. 4, The 1D# will be automaticaly changed to the value coded on the label and the gage will retum to the Measure Mode, ready to make a measurement which can then be saved with the [SAVE] key, €. NOTE: The bar code wand requires that labels be printed in medium density 3 of 9 ccode, The data part ofthe libel must be a number between I and 19999 ifa single tier data structure is being used. A dual ter label must consist of the X-tier value (1-999) followed by the letter "I" followed by the Y-tier value (1-999). Consult Panametries for further information on label requirements. 5.2.4 TO DISPLAY THE VALUE STORED AT A SPECIFIED LOCATION ‘a, Follow the "Display/Change the Location Number" procedure shown above (Section 5.22). Press (ID#) again. ‘c. The contents ofthe specified location will be displayed. 4. Repeat steps a, b & c, if desited for other memory locations. 5.2.5 TO SAVE A THICKNESS VALUE AT A SPECIFIED LOCATION ‘a, Change the ID¥ if desired using procedure 5.2.2 above (optional). Set up the desired Measure mode and make a thickness reading. While the thickness value is being displayed, press [SAVE]. 4. The display will lash and there will be an audible beep indicating that reading has been saved. €. The displayed value, along with appropriate flags and setup information will be stored at the specified location. IF the display is blank when [SAVE] is pressed, then *=---" will be saved with the appropriate flags. f. The IDé is automatically incremented, Pages MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 5.2.6 TOERASE A VALUE AT A SPECIFIED LOCATION ‘a, Change to the desired ID# using procedure $.2.2 above, . With the ID (the Y-tier number if dual ter) on the display, press [CLR MEM]. « and the MEM flag wil be displayed indicating that the contents of the specified location have been erased. 5.2.7 TO ERASE DATA STORED AT A SPECIFIED X-TIER BLOCK OF LOCATIONS IN DUAL TIER a. Press (ID#] , Enter the desired X-tier number. Press [CLR MEM] 4d, "CL?" will be displayed to ask for confirmation e. While holding [3] press [CLR MEM] to erase data at all locations between XXX_000 and XXX_999 where XXX isthe specified X-tier number. f.Orpress [MEAS] or [ON/OFF] to abort the erase operation without clearing anything Note: After data has been erased itis not possible to recover it. 5.2.8 TO ERASE ALL STORED DATA FROM BOTH SINGLE AND DUAL TIER LOCATIONS a, Press [CLR MEM] while in the Measure mode. b. The message "CL?" and the MEM flag will be displayed, asking for confirmation that all stored data including setup numbers should be erased, ‘c. While holding [3] press [CLR MEM] to erase the entite data memory. Note: After data has heen erased, it is not possible to recover it. 4. Or press [MEAS] or [ON/OFF] to escape without erasing anything 5.2.9 TO TRANSMIT A DISPLAYED THICKNESS VALUE TO A CONNECTED DEVICE VIA THE SERIAL 1/0 CABLE a, Confirm that the receiving devive is connected and configured properly. See Section 5.3 and Appendices TI and III of this manual as well as the operators manuals for the receiving device and for receiving software MODEL 26D Pages 3910-0731 6996 bb. Set up the matching commanication parameters on the 26DL. See Section 5.3 of this ‘manual. Set up the desired Measure mode on the 26DL. 4d. Make a thickness reading. {€. Press [SEND] momentarily (release in less than one second), f. The displayed value with its appropriate flags will be transmitted (without an ID#) and the gage will eturn to the eriginal Measure mode. Pressing [SEND] while the display is blank, sends ind the displayed flags. Sending a displayed reading will blank a held reading and will reset the minimum 5.2.10 TO TRANSMIT A SINGLE-TIER RANGE OF DATA ‘a, Confirm that the receiving device is connected and contigured properly. See Section 5.3 and Appendices Il and III of this manual as well as the operators manuals for the receiving device and for the receiving software. bb. Set up the matching commanication parameters on the 26DL. See Section 5.3 of this ‘manual ¢. Press [SEND] and hold unil the beep and the "SEnd” message is displayed (about a second) 4. Enter the location number ofthe lower end of the range to be transmitted. Do not press the [ID] key. Press [SEND], f. Enter the location number of the upper end of the range to be transmitted, & Press [SEND], ae 1h. The specified range of duta will be sent. While transmitting the gage will display Transmission faults will be indicated by "C_1", "C_2", or "C3". See Appendix V. ‘The gage will return to the Measure mode when finished transmitting. 5.2.11 TO TRANSMIT A RANGE OF X-TIER BLOCKS OF DATA IN THE DUAL TIER SYSTEM ‘a, Confirm that the receiving device is connected and configured properly. See Section 5.3 and Appendices Il and III of this manual as well as the operators manuals for the receiving device and for the receiving software, Page so MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) . Set up the matching communication parameters on the 26DL. See Section 5.3 of this, ‘manual. Press [SEND] and hold unil the beep and the "SEnd” message is displayed (about a second). 4, Enter the x-tier part of the location number of the lower end of the range to be transmitted. Do not press te [ID#] key. Press [SEND]. Enter the x-tier part of the location number of the upper end of the range to be transmitted, Press [SEND]. 1h. The specified range of data will be sent. While transmitting the gage will display "C..". Transmission faults will be indicated by "C_I", "C_2", or "C_3”. See Appendix V. ‘The gage will return to the Measure mode when finished transmitting. In dual tier mode, the following sequence: [SEND] hold until beep 012) [SEND] ta) [SEND] will cause any data stored at any ofthe following locations to be transmitted: 12.000, 12.001, 12.002, ... 12.999, 13.000, 13.001 ...13.999, 14.000, 14001 ...14_99 5.2.12 TO TRANSMIT ALL STORED VALUES ‘a, Confirm that the receiving device is connected and configured properly 54 and Appendices TI and IIT of this manual as well as the operators manual for the receiving device and for the receiving software. Set up the matching commanication parameters on the 26DL. See Section 5.3 of this ‘manual. Press [SEND] and hold until the beep and "SEnd” message is displayed. 4. Press [SEND] again. MODEL 26D. Pages910-0731 6996 All stored data will be sent. While transmitting the gage will display "C_.", Transmis- sion faults will be indicated by or "C_3", See Appendix V. ‘The gage ‘will return to the Measure mode when finished transmitting. 5.2.13 TO TRANSMIT THE TABLE OF SETUP VALUES ONLY ‘a, Confirm that the receiving device is connected and configured properly. See Section 5.3 and Appendices II & IIT of this manual as well as the operators manuals for the receiving device and software. bb. Set up the matching communication parameters in the 26DL. See Section 5.3 of this ‘manual Press [VEL] to transmit the Setup Table 4. Press [SEND] and hold until the beep sounds and the "SEnd" message is displayed (about a second), €. The Setup Table will be sent. While transmitting the gage will display "C_.", Trans- ‘mission faults will be indiccted by "C_1","C_2", or"C_3°. See Appendix V. The gage ‘will return to the Measure mode when finished transmitting. 5.3 SERIAL COMMUNICATION SETUP. The 26DL can transmit stored data and displayed readings over its YO (Input/Output) cable to any device with an RS-232 serial interface connector. The 26DL can also receive ar execute commands sent from any device with a serial interface. Such devices include personal computers and printers. See Appendix IV for a detailed list of Remote Control ‘Commands. In order to enable the 26DL to “talk” or communicate with another device, the following three things must be done: A. The 26DL must be connected to the computer with the propercable. Since all computers do not have the same serial port connector, the correct cable must be ordered from Panametries. Panametrics provides the following cables which are compatible with most computer nd printer serial connectors Pages® MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) COMPUTER OR PRINTER SERIAL PORT COMPUTER SERIAL PORT WOCABLE CONNECTOR CABLE PART # DESCRIPTION LENGTH TYPICAL DEVICE 26DLCPF-6 —"D" Type, 9 male (pin) Sf 2M) IBM or compatible contacts AT of PS2-30 computer 26DLCPSF-6 —"D" Type, 25 male (pin) 6f 2M) PC, PC-XT, and PS-2 type contacts computers, some serial printers 26DLC/25M-6 "D" Type, 25 female 6f (2M) Other computers (socket) ‘contacts and serial printers DLC/SM-6 —"D" Type, 25 female ‘ft (2m) 26PR or 26PRE printer 26DLC/X-12 Cable has no connector 12ft aM) For custom do it-yourself cables. Even matching cables and connectors do not guarantee compatibility. To verify that a particular device serial port connector is compatible with 26DL. cable, the wiring information in Appendix Il, SERIAL Y/O INTER FACE, must be compared with the serial port wiring information given in the operators manual for the remote device. If there is a wiring incompatibility poblem, sometimes software or hardware switches may be set to change the connections. Otherwise, Panametries may be able to supply a special cable for the application B, The communication parameters of the 26DL must be set to match the configuration of the computer. 1 First determine the settings used in the receiving device for the following: baud rate, word length, number of stop bits, and party bit 2 With the 26DL off, hold [DIFF] and press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_2" will be displayed. 3 Press [I] fo show the current baud rate. Press [1] repeatedly’ until the displayed number matches the baud rate used in the remote device. The following baud rates are available: 150, 300,600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600, 4800, 7200 and 9600. MODEL 26D. Page so910-0731 6996 4, Press [2] to show the current word length. Press [2] again if necessary t0 match the word length usedin the remote device, The available word lengths are 7 and 8. 5 Press [3] f0 show thecurrent number of stop bits. Press [3] again if necessary to ich the number of stop bits used in the remote device. Either | or 2 stop bits are available. Note: ‘The combination of word length 8 and 2 stop bits is not allowed. If 8" and "n-2" are selected, the internal set up will be word length Sand stop bit 1. 6. Press [4] to show the parity type. Press [4] repeatedly until the parity type code ‘matches that used in the remote device. Note that "E” = even, "O" = odd," no patty 1 ‘This completes the communication parameter setup. The gage should be turned off and then turned on. C. The number of characters per line in the output should be set to match the capability of the receiving device. 1 With the 26DL off, hold [ DIFF] and press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_2" will be displayed. 2 Press [5] to show the current number of characters per line. Press [5] again if necessary to match the receiving device line width. Choose between 40 and 80 characters per line D. The format ofthe transmitted data may be changed as follows: 1 With the 26DL off, hold the [DIFF] key and press the [ON/OFF] key. The message "SP_2" will be displayed. Press key [8] to show the current output format code. "F_X” will be displayed, where "X"=1, 2, or 3. "F_I" represents the full output format and is the default format, The F_1 format is described in detail in Appendix TI. F_2 means full, thickness table but w-thout setup able format, F_3 means thickness only format In this format, the thickness values with signs only are transmitted. For saved data points which represent Loss of Signal, the string "LOS. ‘" is transmitted, No other information is transmitted. The F_3 format facilitates communication with certain dedicated data logger instruments. Page S10 MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 5.4__COMMUNICATION RESET “The 26DL may be quickly reset the Following default communications setup: Baud Rate: 1200 Word Length: 7 Stop Bits: 2 Patty: None Line Width: 80 characters ‘Output Format: Full thickness table plus setupt table To reset the communications se-up: 1 When the unit is off, hold [CAL] and press [ON/OFF]. The message "SP_4" will be displayed. 2 Press [2]. The mestage "donl" will flash to indicate that the reset has been performed, Press [ON/OFF] twice. The communication reset is also performed as part of a Master Reset procedure. See Section 41s. MODEL 26D Page S11910-0731 6996 This page intentionally left blank Pages MODEL 26D6996 6 SPECIFICATIONS 910.073) THICKNESS MEASUREMENT RANGE: THICKNESS DISPLAY RESOLUTION: MEASUREMENT RATE: MATERIAL VELOCITY FACTOR CALIBRATION RANGE: MATERIAL VELOCITY FACTOR SETTABILITY: FFERENTIAL MODE: DIFFERENTIAL MODE, DISPLAY RESOLUTION: DIFFERENTIAL MODE, SETPOINT RANGE: DIFFERENTIAL SETPOINT 0.02 to 10 inches or 05 0 200mm, NOTE: Thickness range depends on material tran- sducer type, surface condition, surface prepara tion, and temperature. Refer to the APPLICATION SECTION of the operators ual for a more complete discussion and table of thickness range versus materials and transducer frequency and type. ‘The following display resolutions are selectable from the keyboard: Low O.imm STANDARD — 0.0imm ‘Standard Mode - 2 per second Fast Mode -20 per second (0.0300 - 0.5511 inJjuS. 0.0001 in/uS oF 0.001mm/US displayable and settable. Permits measurements relative to a preset non value, 0.01", 0.001" oF 0.1mm, 0.01mm selectable from keyboard (same as thickness display resolution). 010 10 inches or 0 0 200mm ACCURACY! Absolute DIFFERENTIAL READING ACCURACY! +12LSD MODEL 26D. Page 6-1910-0735, FAST MODE: MINIMUM MODE: ALARM MODE: ALARM SETPOINT RANGE: TRANSDUCER ZERO COMPENSATION: MATERIAL VELOCITY CALIBRATION MODE: CAL VEL MODE: 6996 Permits measurements at a 20 per second rate, Keyboard selectable, ‘Two keyboard selectable modes, both at 20 read- ings per second, "ALL" MIN mode displays and holds the minimum reading made until reset. "LOS" MIN mode displays the actual thickness while the transducer is coupled and displays the ‘minimum reading while the transducer is uncou- pled. Permits high and low alarm setpoints to be entered vvia key pad, Alarm indications are an audible beep, and a flashing numeric display. 010 10 inches or 010 200 mm, Press [ZERO] when the transducer is not coupled to the material and there is no couplant on the face of the transducer. This provides temperature com- pensation for different transducer buffer rod lengths. You must perform this procedure when tuning the gage on, after changing the transducer and for maximum accuracy when the transducer temperature has changed significantly Permits calibration of gage by entering via key- ‘board the sound velocity values of the material to bbe measured, ‘Afr entering the CAL mode the VELOCITY key ‘permits the operator to measure the apparent thick ness of a sample of known thickness, and after the apparent reading has been stored, enter the actual thickness of the sample using the keypad. This is equivalent to calibrating the span or velocity in the instrument, ‘The velocity should be set on a thick imple of the material to be measured. It should ‘be equal or greater than the maximum thickness to ‘be measured, Pageoo MODEL 26D.6996 CAL ZERO MODE: CAL LOCK MODE: KEYBOARD LOCK MODE: DISPLAY: DISPLAY UNITS, SYMBOLS, AND FLAGS: DISPLAY HOLD/BLANK MODE: 910.073) After entering the CAL mode, the [ZERO] key permits the operator to make a measurement of the apparent thickness of a thin sample of known thickness and ofthe same material used toestablish the velocity calibration, and after the measured thickness is stored, to enter the actual thickness of the thin sample using the keypad. This is equiva. lento calibrating the zero offset ofthe instrument, NOTE: Upon returning to the measurement mode after both CAL VEL and CAL ZERO, the micro processor will automatically calibrate both the ve. locity and the zero offset in accordance with the stored information, Please refer to Section 3 for more complete discussion of calibration proce- dure. Locks calibration settings 10 prevent accidental change to the calibration Locks all keys, except backlight, to prevent acci- dental change to both calibration and operating modes. 4 12 digit (19909 counts) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). 0.5" (12.7mm) numerals. 3 decimal points. 16 Flags/Symbols. Direct non-multiplexed drive for maximum viewing angle and contrast IN or MM (Thickness) INS or MM/s (Velocity) Low Battery Indicator Keyboard Lock LOS flag (Loss of Signal or Coupling) CAL flag (Calibration Mode) ZERO flag (Zero Calibration Mode) VEL flag (Velocity Calibration Mode) MEAS flag (Measure Mode) DIFF flag (Differential Mode) ID flag (Display a memory location) MEM flag (Display Stored Data) MINUS SIGN (Differential Measurement) ALARM flag, FAST/MIN flag Display blanks oF holds reading after making a measurement, This mode is selectable from the keyboard MODEL 26D. Page 63910-0735, DISPLAY BACK LIGHTING: RECEIVER BANDWIDTH MEASUREMENT TEST MODE: SENSITIVITY OPTIMIZATION: GAIN BOOST: TRANSDUCER CONNECTOR: INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODES: METRIC/ ENGLISH MODES: DATA LOGGER FUNCTIONS: IDENTIFICATION (ID) NUMBER: 6996 ‘The display can be back lit via the front panel key board. Back lighting allows use ofthe gage in total darkness or low ambient light conditions, 15 MHz (-34B) ‘Time interval from a precision delay after the ex- citation to the first echo. ‘This procedure adjusts the sensitivity to about 64B. above the measured noise level ‘This modes increases the sensitivity about 10UB. for the D790 and D791 transducers, Molded connector integrates two minature coaxial connectors and a probe ID pin. Permits diagnostic testing and setup. Mode may be selected from the keypad. Allows conversion between English and metric units via keypad, Unit will store, recall, clear and transmit via RS- 232 up to 2048 thickness readings. SINGLE TIER - A number between 1 and 19999 ‘which identifies or locates every stored thickness reading. ID numbers increment automatically when thickness values are stored or may be ran- domly chosen and entered from the keyboard. DUAL TIER - Each tier utilizes a number between 1 and 999 which identifies or locates stored thick- ness valves. Page oa MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) DATA OUTPUT FORMAT (SINGLE TIER EXAMPLE) Ibe THICKNESS UNITS FLAGS sue 00001 0.122 IN o 00002 ous IN oO (00003 IN oO 00004 MM oO 05001 119 MM 02 05002 1081 MM 02 (05003 00.04 MM 03 SU# UTS VEL@NS)——~DIFF-—=—SCLO ALM —sSTALM ZERO XDCR OL IN 02268 00.000 00,000 10.000 06724 02 MM_—0s.842 000.00 010.00 012.00 06622, DATA OUTPUT FORMAT (DUAL TIER EXAMPL IDe THICKNESS UNITS FLAGS su# 01, O01 oun MM 0 001, 002 011.35 MM 02 001, 003 009.87 MM 02 007, 001 00.083 IN o4 007, 002 00.059 IN o4 007, 003 00.046 IN o4 sue UTS —-VEL(HS) DIFF LOALM, HIALM ZERO-XDCR ol IN 0.2268, 00.000 00.000 10.0001N 06724 02 MM — 05.842 000.00 010.00 01200MM = 06622, 03° MM 05.842 011.00 010.00 01200MM = — 06621. of IN 0.2268 00.433 00.304 OO472IN 043322 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STORED THICKNESS VALUES: 2048 STORED THICKNESS VALUE: ‘Thickness values are saved exactly as displayed. UNITS: Each saved value is accompanied by either "IN" for inches or "MM" for millimeters. MODEL 26D. Page 6S910-0735, SETUP NUMBER: TRANSDUCER TYPE DATA CODE: OUTPUT FORMAT: BAUD RATE: WORD LENGTH: STOP BITS: PARITY: OUTPUT NUMBER OF CHARACTERS/LINE: DATA OUTPUT CONNECTOR: DATA OUTPUT CABLE: 6996 ‘The SUM is a number between 1 and 50 which identifies a combination of parameters for each stored thickness reading. These parameters in- clude velocity, units, differential reference, low and high alarm setpoints, zero, and transducer type. A Setup Table of parameter values follows ceach Thickness Table in the Data Output. Each saved value is accompanied by one or more flag symbols to further describe the data, M= Thickness Measurement D = Differential Thickness L.= Loss of Signal (the transducer was not making ‘200d contact when the reading was saved). ‘Alarm enabled ‘Thickness less than low alarm Thickness greater than high alarm m= Minimum Sensitivity Optimization or Gain Boost XDCR# DATA CODE, D790, D791 1 D792, D793, 20r3 794, D795 4 D796 5 D797 6 D798 7 D790-SM, D799 19 Data is transmitted in a serial ASCII string as shown on page 6-5 or as setup in SP_2, [8]. See also Appendix IIL Selectable: 150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600, 4800, 7200, oF 9600, See Section 5. Selectable: 7 oF 8, See Section 5, Selectable: 1 or 2, See Section 5. Selectable: even, odd, or none, See Section 5. Selectable: 40 o 80 characters/line. See Section 5. Ruggedized 6 pin modular telephone type. 6 or 12 feet long, with 25 male pin "D." 25 female n"D," or 9 female pin "D" connector. Paseo MODEL 26D.6996 SIGNALS AVAILABLE: POWER REQUIREMENTS: BATTERY: BATTERY CHARGE. LIFE: LOW BATTERY INDICATOR: CHARGER: CHARGER CONNECTOR: AUTO POWER OFF: KEYPAD: OPERATING TEMPERATURE. RANGE (ELECTRONICS): 910.073) Data out of gage. Data into gage. Data Terminal Ready (DTR) from gage. <3V = gage cannot receive data >3V = gage can receive data, Data Set Ready (DSR) into gage. >3V = enables gage to send data, <3V = prevents gage from sending. iy #5V @ 35 mA power. Avni Ground 6VDC (supplied from internal batteries) or 85-IIOVAC, 100-130VAC, or 200-260VAC 50- (60Hz supplied to extemal charger provides unit operating power for all conditions of battery charge state including recharging. 6V Rechargeable NiCad battery pack. 660 hours minimum (measure mode) 20 hours minimum (FAST or MIN measure mode) 9 hours minimum (backlight on) Battery Symbol on display lights intermittently ‘when battery voltage first becomes low (approxi- ‘mately 2 hours remaining), then lights steadily. Extemal Charger/AC Adaptor connects to socket ‘on bottom end of gage. 12 hour maximum charge period for fully discharged batteries. Lemo § Series, Size 0,4 pins Unit power automatically shuts off approximately {6 minutes after the last measurement or keystroke. Unit also automatically shuts off when the battery voltage is too low for reliable operation. Sealed color coded keyboard with tactile and audi- ble feedback, -10°C to 450°C MODEL 26D. Page 67910-0735, SIZE: WEIGHT: ACCESSORIES: OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES: PROBE RECOGNITION: 6996 LENGTH = WIDTH HEIGHT. 16 x 193 inch x 38mm 19.2 07. (0.54 Kg) ‘Transducer Charger/AC Adapter ‘Test Block Couplant RS-232 Data Output Cable Manual Canying Case Protective Carrying Pouch, Demonstration Disk (5 1/4" ‘Transducers Holders Wands ‘Scope Monitor including cables and special case Statistical Quality Control Program Stand-Alone Inerface Program Interface Program, Lotus Measure Cooplants Heavy Duty Carrying Case Extended Warranty Bar Code Wand Printers Remote Save Foot Switch Side "Send" Button Side "Save" Button ‘The gage automatically recognizes the type of transducer probe being used. If the probe is a Panametries transducer, the gage automatically ad {justs to make the most sensitive and reliable meas- "urements for that probe type. Although thickness ‘measurements may be possible with non-Panamet- rics probes, performance will not be optimum. Page os MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) TRANSDUCERS: XDUCER — FREQ. CABLE MAXIMUM TIP APPROXIMATE PART NO, CONNECTOR TEMP. DIAMETER. THICKNESS STYLE RANGE** on * inch) Grim) ich) rm) 790 5.0 STRAIGHT +500 434 11.0 0004-10 1.0-200 INTEGRAL, D790SM 5.0 STRAIGHT +500 4M 11.0 0.0410 1,0-200 INTEGRAL, p71 5.0 RT. ANGLE +500 434 11.0 0.04-10 1.0200 INTEGRAL, D792 10 STRAIGHT +50 283-72 002-1 045-25 INTEGRAL, 793 10 RT. ANGLE +50 2837.2 002 INTEGRAL D794 5.0 STRAIGHT +50 2837.2 0032 INTEGRAL, 79s 5.0 RT. ANGLE +50 28372 003-2 0275-50 INTEGRAL, D797 20 RT. ANGLE. +400 900 2.9 INTEGRAL, D798 15 STRAIGHT +150 390 100 D799 5.0 RT. ANGLE. +150 4M 10 0,040-10 10-200 INTEGRAL, ® Intermittant transducer contact. © Thickness range is dependent upon material, surface conduction, and temperature. MODEL 26D. Page 69910-0731 6996 This page intentionally left blank Page 6-10 MODEL 26D6996 910.073) 7 BATTERY RECHARGING AND REPLACEMENT ‘The Model 26DL Gage is powered by an internal 6V battery pack using rechargeable NiCad batteries. The battery pack is recharged through the Model 22CA Charger/AC Adapter unit ‘that is supplied with the gage. The Model 26DL may also be operated directly from AC power using the Charger/Adapter, but a battery pack must be present in the gage. ‘The batteries ate fully charged when shipped, but forthe longest operating time they should be recharged before using. Recharge them only with the Model 22CA Charger/Adapter supplied with the gage, Other chargers may reduce battery life and will void the warranty on the gage. Even a discharged battery will maintain the intemal stored calibration values and thickness data for several weeks. However, to maintain optimum battery life, the batteries should not be left discharged for long perieds of time. 7.1__TO CHARGE BATTERIES ‘To charge the battery pack, plug the AC Charger Adapter into an appropriate source of AC power, and plug the cable from the Charzer/Adapter into the charger socket on the bottom ofthe gage. The battery will avtomatically recharge whether the gage is OFF or ON. For a fully discharged battery, allow approximately 12 hours to fully recharge. ‘The gage may be used for normal measurements while the Charger/AC Adapter is connected with litte effect on the recharge time. NOTE: ‘The battery symol on the display indicates when the battery is in need. ‘of charging. When a gage with a fully discharged battery is connected tothe Charger/Adapter, the battery indicator symbol will disappear after only a shott pericd of charging. 7.2__TO CHANGE BATTERY PACK After several hundred recharges, the batteries will lose the ability to hold a full charge. To replace an old battery pack, open the panel on the back of the gage case by pressing down ‘on the gage’s serial number label and sliding the panel out. Once the case is open, carefully remove the plug that connects the wire from the battery pack tothe circuit board ofthe gage. ‘The new battery pack may then be connected and installed with the padded side against the printed circuit board. ‘The case san then be closed. ‘The internal memory will be maintained for over an hour when the battery is removed. Ifa new battery i installed in less than an hour, no calibration or thickness data will be lost, MODEL 26D. Page 7-1910-0731 6996 This page intentionally left blank Page 7-2 MODEL 26D6996 910.073) 8 THEORY OF OPERATION ‘The Panametries Model 26DL Ultrasonic Thickness Gage operates on the dual transducer ;pulse-echo" principal, timing the reflection of high frequency sound waves from the far wall of the fest piece. This technique, derived from sonar, has been widely applied to nondestructive testing. The gage uses a dual transducer with separate transmitting and receiving piezoelectric elements, The transmit side generates an ultrasonic pulse when it is excited by a short electrical pulse. The frequency of these sound waves is far beyond the range of human hearing -- typically from two rullion to ten million cycles per second vs a limit of about twenty thousand cycles per seccnd for the human ear. Sound at these frequencies does not travel well through air, so a coupling liquid such as propylene glycol or glycerin or gel is used between the transducer and test piece ‘The sound waves generated by the transmit side of the transducer are coupled into the test piece, travel through it, and are reflected back from the opposite side (see Figure 4). The reflected sound waves or echos are coupled into the receive side of the transducer where they ate converted back into electrical signals (see Figure 5), The gage precisely measures the time interval t between the excitation pulse and the first echo signal. It then subtracts the time ty which is the time for the sound wave to travel from the transmit element to the end of the transducer plus the time for the echo to travel from the end of transducer to the receive clement. Next "V Path correetion time" ty is computed and subtracted. This ty ‘compensates forthe longer V-shaped path which the sound must travel when measuring thin Wall materials. The result is multiplied by the velocity of sound in the test material, V, and divided by two to compensate for the two-way Sound path. The final result, X, is the thickness of the test material wv A bilock diagram of the Model 26DL is shown in Figure 6 A microprocessor controls ll functional blocks ofthe gage as directed by the program stored in the ROM (Read Only Memory). “The microprocessor performs the arithmetic described above to produce the thickness value, This value along with various gage status indicators is sent to the LCD display. ‘The microprocessor also directs the Receiver/Detector to measure the transducer type using the LD. pin of the transducer. Calibration values, gage setups, as well as thickness data is saved in non-volatile RAM (Random Access Memory). ‘The keyboard informs the microprocessor of user entered changes of mode, values, ec. Finally, the Serial RS232 circuit receives and transmits data and commands between the ‘gage (microprocessor) and an extemal computer or printer. MODEL 26D. Page 1910-0735, 6996 TRANSDUCER BUFFER RODS THIN MATERIAL THICK MATERIAL SOUND PATH Figure 4 Dual Transducer Sound Paths When Measuring Material Thickness \ TIME OF EXCITATION PULSE \ \ & auereR oD TE , CORRESPONDING. 10 ; TRANSDUCER ZERO = TARGET MATERIAL TIME ne CORRESPONDING TO THICKNESS +te z Figure 5 Received Transducer Waveform When Measuring A Material Thickness Page ed MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) Figure 6 Block Diagram MODEL 26D Page®a910-0731 69/96 This page intentionally left blank Page 8 MODEL 26D6996 910.073) 9 APPLICATION NOTES 9.1__DUAL ELEMENT TRANSDUCER MEASUREMENTS Its the iregular surfaces that sre frequently encountered in corrosion situations that give duals an advantage over single element transducers. Al ultrasonic gaging involves timing the round trip of a sound pulse in a test material. Because solid metal has an acoustic impedance that differs from that of gasses, liquids, or corrosion products such as scale or rust, the sound pulse will reflect from the far surface of the remaining metal. The test instrument is programmed with the velocity of sound in the test material, and computes the wall thickness from the simple formula, Distance = Velocity x Time. Dual element transducers incorporate separate transmitting and receiving elements. These clements are mounted on delay lines that are usually cut at an angle tothe horizontal plane (the roof angle), so that the transmitting and receiving beam paths cross beneath the surface of the test piece. ‘This crossed-heam design of duals provides a pseudo - focussing effect ‘that optimizes measurement of minimum wall thickness in corrosion applications. Duals will be more sensitive than single element transducers to echoes from the base of pits that represent minimum remaining wall thickness. Also, duals may often be used more effec tively on rough outside surfaces. Couplant trapped in pockets on rough sound entry surfaces cca proxluce long, singing interface echoes dt interfere wi the Hea surface resolution of single element transducers. With a dual, the receiver element is unlikely 10 pick up this false echo. Finally, duals may be designed for high temperature measurements that would ‘damage single element contact transducers. 9.2 FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE AND ACCURACY Surface Condition - Loose or flaking scale, ust, corrosion or dirt on the outside surface ‘of atest piece will interfere withthe coupling of sound energy from the transducer into, thetest ‘Thus, any loose debris ofthis sort should be cleaned from the specimen ‘with a wire brush or file before measurements are attempted. Generally itis possible tomake corrosion measurersents through thin layers of ust, as long as the rust is smooth ‘and well bonded to the metal below. Some very rough cast or corroded surfaces may Ihave to be filed or sanded smooth in order to insure proper sound coupling. Itmay also be necessary to remove paint if has been applied in thick coats, or ift is flaking off the metal. While its often possible to make corrosion measurements through thin coats of paint (on the order of a f2w thousandth of an inch or 0.1 - 0.2mm), thick paint will attenuate signals or possibly create false echoes, causing Severe pitting on the outside surface ofa pipe or tank can bea problem, On some rough surfaces, the use of a gel or 2rease rather than a liquid couplant will help transmit sound MODEL 26D. Pageo-1910-0735, 6996 energy imo the test piece. Ir extreme cases it will be necessary to file or grind the surface sufficiently flat to permit centact with the face ofthe transducer. In applications where deep pitting occurs on the outside of a pipe or tank itis usually necessary to measure remaining metal thickness from the base of the pits to the inside wall. There are sophisticated ultrasonic techniques utilizing focussed immersion transducers that can ‘measure directly from the base of the pit to the inside wall, but this is generally not practical for field work. The conventional technique is to measure unpitted metal thickness ultrasonically, measure pit depth mechanically, and subtract the pt depth from the measured wall thickness, Alternately, one can file or grind the surface down tothe base of the pits and measure normally. As with any difficult application, experimentation with actual product samples is the best way t0 determine the limits of a particular gage/transducer combination on a given surface, ‘Transducer Positioning/Alignment - For proper sound coupling the transducer must be pressed firmly against the test surface. On small diameter cylindrical surfaces such 28 pipes, hold the transducer so that the sound barrier material visible on the probe face is aligned perpendicular tothe center axis ofthe pipe. See the illustration below. ‘While firm hand pressure en the transducer is necessary for good readings, the probe should neverbe scraped along or twisted against a rough metal surface. This will scratch PROBE x Figure 7 Proper Alignment of Transducers For Cylindrical Surfaces the face of the transducer snd eventually degrade performance. ‘The safest technique ‘or moving a transducer aleng a rough surface is to pick it up and reposition it For each ‘measurement, not to slide i along. ‘Remember that an ultrasonic test measures thickness at only one point within the beam of the transducer, and that ia corrosion situations wall thicknesses often vary consider- ably, Test procedures usually call for making a number of measurements within a defined area and establishing a minimum and/or average thickness. Ideally, data should be taken at increments no greater than half the diameter ofthe transducer, to insure that ‘no pits or other local variations in wall thickness are missed, It is up tothe user to define pattem of data collection appropriate to the needs of a given application, Its possible that on some severely corroded or pitted materials there will be spots where readings cannot be obtained. This ean happen when the inside surface of the material is so irregular thatthe sound energy is scattered rather than being reflected back to the transducer. The lack of a reading may also indicate a thickness outside the range of the Page MODEL 26D.6996 © 910.073) transducer and instrument being used. Generally, an inability to obtain a valid thickness reading at a particular point on a test specimen could be a sign ofa seriously degraded wall which may warrant investigation by other means. Calibration - The accuracy of measurements are only as good as the accuracy and care with which the gage has been calibrated, There are no internal calibration adjustments and zero calibrations described in Section 4 be performed whenever the test material or transducer is changed. Periodic checks with samples of known thicknesses are recommended to verily that the gage is operating properly. ‘Taper or Eccentricity - If the contact surface and the back surface are tapered or eccentric with respect to each other, the return echo again becomes distorted and the accuracy of measurement is diminished Acoustic Properties of the Material - There are several conditions found in engineer- ing materials that can severely limit the accuracy and thickness range that can be measured. L. Sound Scattering In some materials, notably certain types of cast stainless steel, cast irons, and ‘composites, the sound energy is scattered from individual crystallites in the casting ‘or from dissimilar materials within the composite, This effect reduces the ability to discriminate a valid return echo from the back side of the material and limits the ability to gauge the maierial ultrasonically, Ttcan sometimes be overcome by using the Material Sensitivity Optimization feature ofthe gage (ese Section 4.8). 2. Velocity Variations A number of materials exhibit significant variations in sound velocity from point-to-point within the material. Certain types of cast stainless steels and brass ‘exhibit this effect due to a relatively large grain size and the anisotropy of sound ly with respect to grain orientation, Other materials show a rapid change in sound velocity with temperature, This is characteristic of plastic materials where temperature must be controlled in order to obtain maximum precision in the ‘measurement. Sound Attenuation or Absorption In many organic materials, such as low density plastics and rubber, sound is attenuated very rapidly at the frequencies used in normal ultrasonic thickness ‘gauging. Therefore, tke maximum thickness that can be measured in these mate Fials is often limited by sound attenuation. 9.3 _ TRANSDUCER SELECTION For any ultrasonic measurement tem (transducer plus thickness gage or flaw d ector) there will be a minimum material thickness below which valid measurements will not be possible MODEL 26D. PageoS910-0731 6996 Normally this minimum range will be specified in the manufacturer's literature. As transducer frequency increases, the minimum measurable thickness decreases. In corrosion applications, where minimum remaining wall thickness is normally the parameter to be measured, itis particularly important to be aware of the specified range of the transducer being used. If a dual is used te measure a test piece that is below its designed minimum range, the gage may detect invalid echoes and display an incorrectly high thickness reading. ‘The table below lists approximaxe minimum measurable thicknesses in steel forthe standard transducers used with the Panametrics Model 26DL gage. Note that these numbers are approximate. The exact measurable minimum in a given application depends on material velocity, surface condition, temperature and geometry, and it should be determined experi mentally by the user. XOUGER [Frequency] Tip | Potted Gable | Temp. Flange | Minimum | Wand | Holder PartNo. | (MHz) | Diameter | Connector Style Thickness | PartNo, | PartNo pro | 50 | 4s | Sraigt | -s°t0 +992 | 0.040 inch | F152 | FIS2A s10mm| —Poted | -20°t0 +5006 | 1.0mm o7eosm| 50 | 44 | Suaigh | -st0+sa2% | Oc4oinch | FIs | FIS2A 11.0mm| Replaceable _| -20°t0 +8000 | _ 1.0mm pret | 50 | se | FLAnge | -sto+ss2F | oosoinch | Fiss | — t10mm| “Potted | -20°10 450°C |__ 1.0mm prse | 10 | 265° | Stag | «32°10 +120°F | O.020inch | F150 | FISOA 72mm | Potted 10450 | 05mm | | pres | 10 | 26° | FL Ange | «3% 1 4122F | O.020inch | Fist | — 72mm | Pattes 10 s50°%° | 05mm pres | 50 | 280° | Staion | saz w+122% | O.0a0incn | FI50 | FISOA 72mm | Pattes ot 50°C | 075mm Drs | 50 | 2a | ALAnge | sahi+i22F | O000inch | Fist | — 72mm | Potted ot 450° | 075mm prer | 20 | 900° | FL Ange | -sto+752F | 0.100inch | — = 229mm| Potted | -20°to «400°C | 25mm | | pre | 75 | 280 | Swag | -s°t0+a00%F | 0.02Bincn | — = 72mm | Potad | -20°10+150°C |_0.7 mm pres | 50 | 49 | RLAnge | -S0°10+900%F | O.O40inch | — = siomm| —Pates | -20°10+150°C | 1.0mm In selecting a transducer for a corrosion application it is also necessary to consider the ‘temperature of the material to be measured. Not all duals are designed for high temperature ‘measurements, The chart above lists recommended temperature ranges for the Panametrics duals used with the 26DL gage. For other transducers, consult the manufacturer's catalogue ‘or data sheets, Using a transducer on materials whose temperature is beyond the specified range can damage or destroy the transducer. 9.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS Corrosion measurements at elevated temperatures require special consideration, Keep in ‘mind the following points: a, Be sure that the surface temperature of the test piece does not exceed the maximum specified temperature forthe transducer and couplant that you are using. Some duals are designed for room temperature measurements only. Page oa MODEL 26D.6996 b. a 910.073) ‘Use a couplant rated for the temperature where you will be working. Al high temperature couplants will boil off at some temperature, leaving a hard residue that is not able to transmit sound energy. Panametrics Couplant E (Ultratherm) can be used at temperatures up to 1000°F/540°C, although it will boil asthe upper limit is reached. ‘Maximum recommended temperatures for Panametries couplants are as follows: ‘COUPLANT TYPE MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED. TEMPERATURE A Propylene Glycol 300°F/150°C B Glycerine 200°F/90°C c Gel 20°F 90°C E High Temperature 1000°F/S40°C F Medium Temperature 500°F/260°C ‘Make measurements quickly and allow the transducer body to cool between reading. High temperature duals have delay lines made of thermally tolerant material, but with continuous exposure to very high temperatures the inside of the probe will heat 10 a point where bonds will fail. destroying the transducer. Remember that both material sound velocity and transducer zero offset will change with temperature. For maximum accuracy at high temperatures, velocity calibration should be performed using a section of the test bar of known thickness heated tothe temperature ‘where measurements are tc be performed. ‘The Panametrics Model 26DL gage has a semiautomatic zero funetion that can be employed to adjust zero setting at high temperatures. See the 26D: operating manual Section 3 for details In many cases performance on hot, corroded materials will be considerably improved by the use of the Gain Boost procedure described in Section 4.9, or the Material Sensitivity Optimization procedure described in Section 4.8. High temperature cou- plants are generally less efficient than those used at lower temperatures, and thus the 26DL will work better when sensitivity is adjusted or optimized to accomodate high temperature conditions, 9.5 SOUND VELOCITY AND TRANSIT TIME MEASUREMENTS Sound Velocity - If the utrasonic velocity of the material is of interest either as a ‘material property per se, or asa requirement for measuring thickness ican be measured directly on a sample of the material of known thickness. Material velocity can be measured to an absolute accuracy of 40.5%, or better, by doing a VELOCITY and ZERO calibration (see Section 3). By this same procedure the instrument may be adjusted to a precision of +1 count in the thickness range of interest MODEL 26D. PageoS910-0731 6996 b. Transit Time - Geometry-correctable round tip transit time measurements can also be made by simply entering in2.00mm/uS for the VELOCTTY and coupling the transducer to the material of interest, The resulting reading on the thickness display is the equivalent ROUND TRIP TRANSIT TIME IN MICROSECONDS (i.e. 81.62mm on the display would be 81.6205). The time reading is corrected for the V-shaped sound ppath in thin materials so that the time which is equivalent to a straight sound path is displayed. 9.6 USE OF THE MODEL 26DL WITH AN OSCILLOSCOPE Anoscilloscope may be used with the Model 26DL Ultrasonic Gage for verifying thickness or time readings where reflecting surfaces or entry surfaces are rough, especially on thin sections and rapidly changing thickness variations. Generally, however, an oscilloscope is rot required to obtain reliable chickness readings. ‘The cable connections and suggested ‘owilloscope settings are deserited in Section 4. Note that an ultrasonie corrosion gage is designed to detect and measure echoes reflected from the inside wall ofa test pieze. Itis possible that material discontinuities such as flaws, cracks, voids, or laminations may produce echoes of sufficient amplitude to trigger the gage, showing up as unusually thin measurements at particular spots on a test piece. However, a corrosion gage isnot designed fer flaw or crack detection, and cannot be relied upon to detect material discontinuities. A proper evaluation of material discontinuities requires an ultra sonic law detector such as the Panametries Epoch 2002. used by a properly trained operator. In general, any unexplained readings by a corrosion gage merit further testing with a flaw detector For further information on the se of dual element transducers in corrosion gaging, or for information on any aspect of ultrasonic testing, contact Panameties. Pageo-G MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 10 MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING 10.1 ROUTINE CARE AND MAINTENANCE ‘The 26DL case is sealed to prevent intrusion of environmental liquids and dust, However, itis not completely waterproof, Therefore, the unit should never be immersed in any fluid Use the rubber plugs which came with the unit to protect the YO connector and charger connector from contamination, particularly in areas where airbome dusts or aerosols are present, The case, keypad and display window may be cleaned with a damp cloth and mild detergent if necessary. Do not use strong solvents or abrasives. 10.2 TRANSDUCERS ‘The ultrasonic transducers or probes used with the 26DL are rugged devices which need litle care. They are not indestructible, however, and a litle attention t the Following items ‘will result inthe longest transducer lite ‘The cables can be damaged by cut iching, or pulling. Care must be taken to prevent mechanical abuse fo the cables, Never leave a transducer where a heavy object can be placed ‘on the cable, Never remove a transducer from the gage by pulling on the cable. Pull on the molded connector housing only, Never tie aknot in a transducer cable, Do not twist or pull the cable at the point where it connects to the transducer. These precautions are particularly important for all transducers other than the D790-SM which have non-field replaceable cables. These transducers must be retumed to Panametrics for repair ‘Transducer performance will be degraded by excessive wear atthe tip. To minimize wear, do not scrape or drag the transducer across rough Surfaces. When a transducer tip becomes too rough, concave, or otherwise non-at, operation may become erratic or impossible. Although some wear is normal in corrosion applications, severe wear will limit transducer life, MODEL 26D. Page 10-1910-0731 6996 10.3 BATTERY CARE See Section 7, Battery Charging and Replacement, 10.4 ERROR MESSAGES During the normal operation ofthe gage, certain special error messages may be displayed. Usually these indicate a problem with the operating procedure but some may indicate a physical problem with the gage itself, These messages are explained in Appendix V. 10.5 OTHER ERROR OR PROBLEM INDICATIONS 10.5.1. TURN ON AND LOW BATTERY PROBLEMS The low battery symbol will go on when there are only a few hours of battery operating time remaining. If the gage turns off immediately after turn-on, or if it does not tum on at all, then the battery is probably completely discharged. The battery should be recharged per Section 7.1. If, after attempting to recharge the battery, the unit will rn on only when the ger is connected, then the bsttery has probably failed and should be replaced. If the unit will not turn on even with the charger connected, then there is defective assembly in the gage. 10.5.2. SETUP (" 0. PROBLEMS If the message "do_ _" will not go away when the [ZERO] key is pressed, make sure a Panametrics transducer is plugged in (see Section 3.2). Ifo, the transducer may be defective «= uy another one if possible. If no transducers will permit the "do__" message to be removed, there is probably a problem in the Pulser/Receiver assembly of the gage. Try the Pulser/Receiver test key [2] in "SP_I". See 10.6.3 below. 10.5.3 MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS If measurements cannot be mads and the "MEAS" and "LOS" flags are on, there is either a problem with the transducer, the pulser/receiver assembly, or there is not a large enough ‘echo being retumed from the far wall of the material. In onder to further diagnose the problem, perform the following procedure (1-6). Step 1: Wipe off any couplant from the transducer and press [ZERO]. If a number between 3000 and 7500 is displayed along with the "Zero" flag, bot the transducer and pulser/receiver assembly are working. Go tostep 2. Otherwise 20 10 step 6. Page 102 MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) Step 2: Make sure you have sufficient couplant especially on rough or curved surfaces, See Section 9. Step 3: Try the same transducer on a smooth, flat surfaced test sample. Step4: If testa, b, and c above all pass, but measurements still eannot be made, try Sensitivity Optimization, Section 4.8, or try a different type of ‘transducer which has greater sensitivity inthe thickness range in which you are working. Go to step 6. Step 5: If another transcucer of the same type is available, use it to make ‘measurements and to do step 1. If this works, then the original transducer is defective. Otherwise the pulser/receiver assembly is probably defec- tive Step 6 If the above tests indicate that there is a problem with the gage or ‘transducer, then the unit(s) may be retuned to Panametrics for repair or replacement. Ifthe above tests indicate thatthe gage and transducer are ‘ok, the test material itself probably cannot be measured duc to: © Extreme near side or far side surface roughness, Extreme high sound attenuation or scattering due to graininess, inclusions, voids or, other material properties, # Extreme non-parallelisn or, © Excessively sharp curvature. 10.6 DIAGNOSTIC SELF TESTS To aid in localizing a suspected hardware problem or simply to verify correct hardware ‘operation, several tests may be performed from the keypad. These tests are explained below. 10.6.1 START-UP ‘The following procedure must be performed before proceeding with the tests shown in Section 10.6.2 through 10.6.7. ‘With the unit off, press [ON/OFF] while holding [MEAS] down, The message "SP_1" be displayed. ‘The gage is now ready for the selection of a particular test. ill 10.6.2. OSCILLOSCOPE VERIFICATION MODE (optional) See Section 4.12. MODEL 26D. Page 103910-0731 6996 10.6.3. PULSER RECEIVER PEEK TEST Select by pressing the [2] key when "SP_1" is displayed or when Oscillator Test or EPROM. Testis selected. ‘This test displcys eight important parameter values. Acceptable operating ranges for these parameters are given below. TEST# NAME ACCEPTABLE VALUES 1 Transducer ID # 1D790/791: 1, DIVOSME19, 792/995: 20" 3, 19479: 4, D796: 5, D797: 6, D798:7, D799: L 2 Ref. Gain 190 1 240 3 ‘Transmit xdelay 15010 400 4 Receive xdelay 15010 400 5 ‘Aux, Detector Zero 12310 133 6 Main Detector Zero 12310133 7 Gain Limit Default -36 to 80, After Sensitivity Optimization -15 to 100 8 ‘Threshold 12810 173 Each testis selected in turn beginning with #1 and repeating after #8 by repeatedly pressing RL 10.6.4 DISPLAY TEST Select by pressing the [3] key when "SP_I" is displayed, or when the P/R Peek Test, Oscillator Test, or EPROM Test is selected. This test causes the following repeating sequence of related elements tobe displayed on the LCD, Ifany one of the displayed patterns is not exactly as shown above, this indicates there is a problem in the display assembly. Page 10-4 MODEL 26D.6996 910.073) 10.6.5 OSCILLATOR AND COUNTER TEST Select by pressing the [4] key when "SP_1" is displayed or when the P/R Peek Testor the EPROM Testis selected. This est activates the V3 (+5V) power supply output, then tests the microprocessor clock, the 71,000MHz clock oscillator, and the high frequency counters ‘onthe processor/pover supply sssembly. Some "MTT" logic onthe pulserteceiver assem- bly isalso tested. IFall is 0.k., 2 number inthe range of 10.000 + 2 will be displayed. Any ‘other response indicates a problem. 10.6.6 EPROM TEST Select by pressing the [5] key when "SP_1" is displayed or when the P/R Peek Test or the Oscillator Test is selected. This will est the EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) IC. The program software which controls the gage resides in the EPROM. Ifthe EPROM tests o.k., its version and revision number will be displayed as: "version#.revi sion#”, Ifthe EPROM test detects a defective EPROM, then "FAIL" will be displayed. 10.6.7 KEYBOARD TEST Select by pressing the [6] key when the "SP_1” is displayed or when the P/R Peek Test, the Oscillator Test, orthe EPROM Testis selected. The gage will beep and momentarily display distinctive code for each good key pressed. Ifany key does not beep or ian inappropriate symbol is displayed, then that key of the keyboan is bad. 10.6.8 COMBINATION TEST ‘Select by pressing the [7] key when "SP_1” is displayed or when the P/R Peek Test, the ‘Oscillator Test, or the EPROM Testis selected. This testis a repeating sequence of the Display, Oscillator and Counter, and EPROM tests described above plus two additional tests ~- Receiver #1 and Receiver #2, Receiver Test #1 tests the pulse: (Q2 thru Q6) and the auxiliary detector (UZ-1, 2, 4, 5) on the pulser/receiver board. A displayed number between 22 and 39 with no transducer plugged in indicates a good result. Any other number indicates a problem. Receiver Test #2 or Reference Gain Test examines the auxiliary pulser (Ql), the amplifier (UL), and the main detector (UZ-8, 9, 11, 12) on the pulserireceiver assembly. A displayed number between 190 and 240 indicates a good result. Any other number indicates a problem, MODEL 26D. Page 10-3910-0731 6996 10.6.9 MOVING BETWEEN TESTS AND SETUPS It is possible to select another test while in any test except the Oscilloscope Test or the Keyboard Test by either pressing the numeric key for the desired new test or by pressing [MEAS] and then the numeric key. It is possible o select another Setup mode while in any lest except the Oscilloscope Text or Keyboard Test by pressing [MEAS] followed by either [DIFF or [CAL]. 10.7 ROM UPGRADES Panametries may at any time offer new revisions ofthe 26D operating program, Such new revisions may include improverients or fixes to any minor bugs discovered afer release of the current software. Usually the changes are minor but occasionally may include significant new features, Any ROM upgrade within three months of gage purchase will be performed at no charge. After six months standard rates apply. All ROM upgrades require that the gage be returned to Panametries for the EPROM installation. 10.8 REPAIR SERVICE Panametries will repair a addition, some local Pi their own facilities. its Waltham, Massachusetts, USA factory. In alers will be able to do repairs at customer sites or at 10.9 REPLACEMENT PARTS AND OPTIONAL PARTS AND EQUIPMENT. Replacement parts for the 26DL as well as additional related equipment is available from Panametrics. See Appendix VI Page 106 MODEL 26D619/96 910-0733 APPENDIX | SOUND VELOCITIES ‘The following isa tabulation of the ultrasonic velocity in a variety of common materials Itisprovided only asa guide. The actual velocity in these materials may vary significantly due to a variety of causes, suck as, composition, preferred crystallographic orientation, Porosity, and temperature. Therefore, for maximum accuracy, establish the sound velocity in a given material by rst testing a sample of the material, Table I Sound Velocities of Various Materials (Longitudinal Wave Velocity) MATERIAL V (in/usec) V(mmiusec) REF Alumina, Al203 99.5% 0.4013, 10.19 2 ‘Aluminum, rolled 0.253 6.420 1 ‘Aluminum 606176 0.251 6.333 2 Beryllium osora 12.89 1 Brass, yellow 70 Cu, 30 Zn 0.1850 4,700 1 Brass, yellow 70 Cu, 30 Zn 0.1726 4.385 2 Copper, rolled 0.1972 5.010 1 Duraluminum, 17S. 0.2487 6.320 1 Fused Silica 0.2349 5.968 1 Fused Silica 0.2385 5.932 2 Glass, crown 0.2008 5.100 5 Glass, flint 0.1567 3.980 5 Glass, pyrex 0.2220 5.640 1 Iron, Armco 0.2345 5.960 1 Lead, rolled o.o771 1.960 1 Lucite 0.1065 2.680 1 Magnesium, drawn annealed 0.2270 5.770 1 Molybdenum 0.247 6.25 3 Monel 0.2105 5.350 1 Nickel 0.2377 6.040 1 Nylon 0.1031 2735 2 Polyethylene 0.0705 1.950 1 Polystyrene 0.0925 2.350 1 Slicone Rubber RTV 0.0373 0.948 4 Steel, low alloy 0.2259 5.734 2 MODEL 26D. ‘APPENDICES TH910-0735 Table 1 (cont.) ‘als (Longitudinal Wave Velocity) Material V (in/usec) V (mm/usec) Stainless Steel #347 0.2278 5.790 Titanium 0.237 5.99 Tungsten, drawn 0.2129 5410 Uranium 0138 337 Water 0.0590 1.498 Zinc, rolled 0.1657 4.210 Zine, extruded 0.1756 4.460 References 619196 Ref. 1. WP. Mason, Physical Acoustics and the Properties of Solids, D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, 1958. 2. E.P. Papadakis, Panametsics - unpublished notes, 1972, 3. J.R. Fredericks, Ultrasonic Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1965. 4. D.L. Folds, "Experimental Determination of Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in Plas- tics, Elastomers, and Syn: search and Development Laboratory, Panama c Foam as a Function of Temperature, "Naval Re- ity, Florida, 1971 5. "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1963. ‘APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619196 910-0731 SERIAL INTERFACE - DETAILED DESCRIPTION MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION ‘The Input-Output (1/0) connector is located on the bottom right of the Model 26DL, case. Itisa6 position modulartelephone style receptacle. The mating connector shoul be inserted with the gold contacts downward and pushed straight in until it snaps into place. It should be withdrawn by squeezing the tabs on each side of the connector to release the latch and pulling straight out. Panametrics provides compleie cables to directly connect the 26DL to devices with standard DB-25 male and female connectors and also the IBM PC-AT 9 male pin serial VO connector. The information in the following table will allow verification of eompat- ability with particular equipment and will aid in constructing a custom cable ifnecessary. MODEL 26DL WIRE SIGNAL IBMPC-AT | STD DB25 VO CONNECTOR NAME NAME CONNECTOR] —PIN# 7 Foiltinned Ground 5 7 copper 2 Red Data trom Gage 2 3 3 Orange Data to Gage 3 2 4 Yellow Do not connect : E 5 Green DTR from Gage 6 6 6 Biue DSRto Gage 4 20 STANDARD 260 VO CABLES PANAMETRICS STOOK NO. PART NOs] LENGTH | LENGTH CABLE CONNECTOR ‘zeo.cy | (FEET) | (METERS) 704-322-06 9F-6 6 2 TBM PC-AT (9 Pin Female) 704-323-06 250-6 6 2 25 Pin Male D” 704-324-06 25F-6 6 2 25 Pin Female "D" (PC/xT) 704-322-12 9F-12 12 4 IBM PC-AT (9 Pin Female) 704-323-12 25M-12 1 4 25 Pin Male "D” 704-324-12 25F-12 12 4 25 Pin Female "D" (PC/XT) 704-325-12 x12 2 4 No Connector Custom Cables with a user specified terminal connector maybe ordered from Panamet- MODEL 2607 ‘APPENDICES Ti910-0735 619196 ELECTRICAL DEFINITION AND DATA FORMAT. Data is transmitted on one line (Data Out of Gage) and received on another line (Data Into Gage). Transfer is asynchronous serial. Baud rate, word length, stop bits and parity are selectable from the keyboard. Data consists of ASCII coded character strings Signal levels are RS 32.C/D compatible. Mark is less than -2.5 volts. Space is greater than + 2.5V. ‘The maximum cutput signal range is + 5.50 volts, The maximum input signal range is + 20 volts. ‘The following three hardware handshake lines are included: D DSR: ‘The gage sets DTR low (< -2.5V) when itis not able to receive data, DTR will be high (> + 2.5V) at all times. A high (> + 2.5V) supplied by the external device (or by being connected to the DTR line) will enable the gage to transmit data, A low (< -2.5V) supplied by the external device (or by being connected to the RTS line) will prevent the gage from transmitting data Ifthe external device does not provide the proper DSR signal, then DTR must be connected to DSR (jump pin 6 to pin 20 in the 25 position cable connector or in the 25 pin connector on the attached equipment. 12 ‘APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619196 910-0735 ‘TRANSMITTED DATA FORMATS. 1, When no data is stored, the following characters in the described formats are transmitted: Decimal Character # Character ASCII Code Comment 1 Space 32. 2 N 78 3 ° 79 4 ‘Space 32 5 s 83, 6 T 84 7 ° 79 8 R 82 9 E 69 40 D 8 rT Space 32. 12 D 68 13 A 65 14 T 84 15 A 65. 16 Space 32 17 P 80, 18 R 82 49 E 6 20 Ss 83, 21 E 6 22. N 78. 23. T 84 24-40 Space 32, rl CR 13 42. Le 10 1 ‘Space 32. 2 oO 79 3 K 75 4-40 Space 32. a1 CR 13 42 Le 10 MODEL 26D. APPENDICES Tt910-0735 619196 2. Whena SINGLE SEND is intitated, the output data format is the following: DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 1 Space 32. 2 Minus Sign or Space 45 or 32 (for ditt 3 Space 32. 4 x 5 x Five digit 6 Xor. numeric value Zz Xor. with decimal point. 8 Xor MSD first. 9 xX 40 Space 45 i Mor! Tor 73 12 MorN. Tor 78 13-20 Space 32. 21 Mor Space. Trot 32 Meas flag 22. Lor Space 76 or 32 Los flag 23. F ormor Space 70,109 or 32 Fast or Min flag 24 Dor Space 68 of 32 Diff fag 25 lor Space 73 ot 32 ID Flag 26 Ror Spaca 82 or 32 Mem Flag 27. A < or or Space 65 or 60 or ‘Alarm mode, low 6201 32 alarm, high alarm, 28 Bor Space 66 or 32 low battery 29 Lor Space 49 or 32 ‘cal lock 30 Nor Space 78 or 32 Sensitivity Optimization or Gain Boost 31-40 Space 32. CR LE mz APPENDICES MODEL 26D.619196 910-0735 3. Header for thickness readings sent during RANGE SEND: DECIMAL CHARACTER # ASCII CODE 4-40 32. at 13 10 BESS SAAsssVeeaskRessaaganegeasas als 1 D # ac 7 H 1 c K N E s s ac u N I r s ac F L A G Ss ac s U # ac CR LE mS sks ials MODEL 20DL. APPENDICES Ts910-0735 619196 4. Data format for thickness readings in RANGE SEND DECIMAL HARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT Single Dual 1 ‘Space 32 2 IDDig5 Tier 1 Dig3 3 ID Dig4 Tier 1 Dig 2 4 ID Dig3 Tier 1 Dig 1 LD. 5 ID Dig 2 Comma. 44 Number 6 ID Digi Tier 2 Dig 3 Z ‘Space Tier 2 Dig 2 8 ‘Space Tier 2 Dig 1 9-10 Space 32. 4 Minus sign or Space 45 01 32 (for diff. meas. 12 x 13 xX thickness 14 Xor value 15 Xor msd first 16 Xor. 17 x 18:20 Space 32. 21 Mor! Tor73 units 22. MorN. or 78 23-27 32. 28 Mor or 45 measurement 29 Lor Minus Sign 76.01 45 LOS 30. Dor Minus Sign 68 oF 45 Differential 31 ‘Aor < or> or Minus 65 or 60 or ‘Alarm mode, low alarm,high alarm, Sign 62.01 45 or none 32. mor Minus Sign 409 oF 45 minimum value 33 Nor Minus Sign 78 0 45, ‘Sensitivity Optimization or Gain Boost 34.95 Space 32. 36 x ‘Setup Number MSD 37. x Setup Number LSD. 38-40 Space 32. 4 CR 13 42 Le 10 i APPENDICES MODEL 26D.619196 910-0735 5. Setup Header (40 Column Mode), Patt I: DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE 4-40 yace 32. 41 CR 13 42. LF 10 1 ace 32 2 oO 73 3 K 75 ace 32. CR 13 Le 10 yace 32. CR 13 LE 8 s u # ac u 7 s ac Vv E L ale ~ lol jn|n|-lo APSA SASS als sjalaserssssasessBseaseeas |= 8 fe \- > MODEL 20DL. APPENDICES Ts910-0735 5. Setup Header (40 Column Mode), Part I: (cont'd) 619196 ie DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 37. Minus Sign 45 38. A 65 39 L 76 40. M 7 ri CR 13 42. LE 10 4-40 ‘Space 32 at cR 13 42. Le 10 APPENDICES MODEL 26D.910-0735 619196 6 Setup Data (40 Column Mode), Part 1 DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 1 Space 32. 2 x ‘Setup Number MSD 3 x Setup Number LSD 46 Space 32. 7 Mor! Tor 73 units 8 MorN T7or 78 9-10 Space 32 11-16 300K Velocity Value S digits & d.p 17-20, Space 32. 21-26 000K Differential Value S digits & d.p. Fa Space 32 28-33 20000 Low Alarm Reference Value, 5 digits & d.p. 34 Space 32. 35-40 YOOX High Alarm Reference Value, § digits & d.p. a cA 13 42. Le 10 MODEL 26D. APPENDICES 7910-0735 619196 7. Setup Header (40 Column Mode), Part 2: DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 4-40 Space 32. at CR 13 42 Le 10 1 Space 32. 2 Ss 83, 3 U 85 4 # 35 5 ‘Space 32. 6 Space 32. 7 Zz 90. 8 E 6 9 R 82. 40 oO 79 11-12 Space 32. 13 x 88. 14 D 68 15 c 67. 16 R 82. 17-40 Space 32 at CR 13 42. Le 10 4-40 Space 32. at CR 13 42. Le 10 ie APPENDICES MODEL 26D.619196 910-0731 8 Setup Data (40 Column Mode), Part 2 DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ‘ASCII CODE ‘COMMENT 1 Space EA 2 x Setup Number MSD 3 x ‘Setup Number LSD 46 Space 2 71 YXOKK Zero Value 12 Space 2 13-14 XK [Transducer #., See Note 1 15-40 Space 32 41 cR 13 42 Le 10 See Note? Note 1: TRANSDUCER# ‘TRANSDUCER MODEL ol 79), D791 o D792, D793 0s Not Usea o4 D794, D795 05 D795 06 Di or D798 8.18 Not Used 19 D792SM or Non Panametries Note2: ‘After the last setup data line istransmitted, a blank line followed by "OK" is transmitted MODEL 20D. ‘APPENDICES Ts910-0735 619196 9. Setup Header (80 Column Mode) CHARACTER # BP 83 Ss U # ac u T s ac Vv E L le lol 8 n/n|-loly le|- > SNslelalaWSNlaeslslals asses esssagesseeaseagys Tn APPENDICES MODEL 26D.619196 910-0735 9. Setup Header (80 Column Mode) (Cont'd) DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 43, Zz 90. 44 E 69 45, R a2 46 O 79 47-48 Space 32. 49 Xx 88. 50. D 6 51 c 67 52. R 82. 53-80 Space 32. at CR 13 2. Le 10 4-80 Space 32. 81 CR 13 82. Le 10 MODEL 20DL. APPENDICES Ti910-0735 10. Setup Data (80 Column Mode) 619196 DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 1 Space 32. 2 x ‘Setup Number MSD 3 x Setup Number LSD 46 Space 32. 7 Mor! Tor 73 Units 8 MorN T7or 78 9-10 Space 32 11-16 300K Velocity Value S digits & d.p. 17-20, Space 32. 21-26 000K Differential Value S digits & d.p. Fa Space 32 28-33 20000 Low Alarm Reference Value, 5 digits & d.p. 34 Space 32. 35-40 YOOX High Alarm Reference Value, § digits & d.p. 142 ‘Space 32. 43-47 OOK Zero Value 48 Space 32. 49-50 xx [Transducer # , See Note 1) 51-80 Space 32. at CR 13 2. LF 10 ‘See Note 2 Note I: ‘TRANSDUCER # ‘TRANSDUCER MODEL on D799, D791 02 D792, D793 03 Not Used of D794, D795 05 D795 06 D797 07 D793 B18 Not Used 19 D79)SM or Non Panametries Note 2: After the last setup data line istransmitted, a blank line followed by"OK"is transmitted. in APPENDICES MODEL 26D.619/96 910-0731 AL, String Transmitted in Response to "" DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE COMMENT 1 ‘Space 32 2 Minus Sign or Space 45.01 32 (-)for Dift. Value 3 ‘Space 32 48 XXX Value or Dialog being displayed on gage. 9 ‘Space 32 10 Mor Tor 73 units rT] MorN 77 or 78 12 Space 32 43 Lor Space 47 of 32 44 Uor Space 85 or 32 15 ‘Sor Space 83.01 32 16:17 ‘Space 32 18 ‘Cor Space 67 or 32 calibrate 49 Vor Space 86 or 32 velocity 20 Zor Space 90 of 32 zero 21 Mor Space Tor 32 measure 22 Lor Space 76 or 32 LOS 23 mor F of Space 409 or 70 or 32 ‘minimum, or Fast 24 Dor Space 68 oF 32 Differential 25 Lor Space 73.0132 ID 26 Ror Space 8201 32 data memory contents 27 Aor or or Space 65 or 60 or ‘Alarm mode, low alarm, 620132 or high alarm. 28 Bor Space 66 of 32 low battery 29 Oor 1 or 2or Space 48 oF 49 oF both locks, cal lock, 50 of 32 Keyboard lock, or no 30 Nor Space 78 or 32 Sensitivity Optimization or Gain Boost 31-40 ‘Space 32 locks. at CR 43 42 Le 40 MODEL 26D APPENDICES Ties910-0735 619196 12, Setup Data Base Full Message DECIMAL CHARACTER # CHARACTER ASCII CODE ofa son in| afro Beers B fo|-[z|4B8 a> 8 cl jeln 8 o> |s 8 mlo>|a log olc|aimo S|SRSVRSSSAVEKLSRaSSRSKSRLKSSASSSSRVssegne sss FS \mlc|> loo Note: Setup number 00 is a jgned for all_new setups after the 50th setup has been used. ine APPENDICES MODEL 26D.619/96 910-0735 APPENDIX IV REMOTE CONTROL VIA RS-232 GENERAL The Model 26DL can be controlled from an external computer or programmable controller using the serial RS-232 cable. Most funetions which can be performed by pressing keys on the 26DL may be done by transmitting the proper commands to the gage over the serial cable. These include setup, calibration, and data storage and retrieval. Each 26DL key has a corresponding single or dual character remote com- ‘mand. This unique and powerful feature allows, for example, complete setup and calibration parameters to be loaded into the gage from a computer at the beginning of each workshif. This can relieve the operator of the responsibility for manual setup and calibratio Another application which the computer control feature enables is that of on-line or robotie thickness measuremert and reporting. In this application a computer or ma- chine controller directs the positioning of an ultrasonic transducer on a robot arm while at the same time electronically punching the keys on the 26DL. For example, the unattended computer could set up and change to differential measurement mode, change resolution, calibrate and/or set different velocity values, oF read the various thickness values. ‘The controlling program may repeat the same sequence of steps for each product to be measured, Also, by taking full advantage ofthe two-way communication capability of the 26DL,, the ‘operation may be made interactive, or responsive to varying conditions. For example, if 4 particular measurement results in a L.O.S. condition, the robot may be commanded to reposition the transducer and the 26DL may be asked to repeat the measurement. When a thin spot is detected, the robot and gage may be directed to do a detailed search ofthe surrounding area. MODEL 26D. ‘APPENDICES TW910-0735 619196 REMOTE CONTROL COMMANDS FOR 26DL ‘COMMANDS + FUNCTION EQUIVALENT DEC KEY NAME CHARACTER | ASCII CODE Go to Measure mode [MEAS] M 7 Go to Differential mode. [DIFF] D 8 Go to Calibrate mode [CAL] c 67. Go to Velocity mode [VEU] v 86 Go to Zero mode [ZERO] Zz 90. ‘Change Units [IN/MM] U 85. ‘Select Fast or Min [FASTIMIN] F 70 Go to Alarm mode [ALARM] A 65 ‘Store a measurement [SAVE] s 33 Set ID# [ID#] i 73 Send displayed reading [SEND] (brief) T a4 or continue a "send alliblock" Initiate "send [SEND] (hold) 6 a allblock’ of data(Note 1) Erase [CLR MEM] E cy Erase all or block (Note 2) [3] & [CLR MEM x 38, Numeric digits: oO {0 0 48 1 Oy 1 49 2 fal 2 50 3 [3] 3 51 4 [4 4 52 5 [5] 5 53 6 [el 6 54 7 (7 7 55, 8 [8 8 56. 9 [9] 9 57 ‘Change Resolution [1] & [MEAS] a 32 ‘Change Hold/Blank. [2] & [MEAS] HB. 72,66 Change Calibrate Lock [6] & {9} tc 76,67 (Change Keyboard Lock [3] & [6] Lk 76,75 Change Backlight [Lightbulb] B 66 Read Gage Display a 2 63 Power Off [ON/OFF] P 80. Sensitivity Optimization fo N 78 Gain Boost [3] & [MEAS] > 4 Display Gain and Threshold [4] & [MEAS] @ 64 ‘Suspend data transmission < DC3> XOFF 19 Resume data transmission = DCI> XON 7 End of Command String < CRS 13 Wa ‘APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619196 910-0735 Note 1: The complete syntax for Send Allis the character string "GT". The complete syntax for Send Rangeis "T1007 199T" where "100" and "199" can be ID numbers, specifying the limits of the range to be transmitted. See 5.2.9, 5.2.10, or 5.2.11. ‘Command sequences may be formed into character strings followed bya "Return’, that is,< CR> character. Every command or string of commands except [P] < XON> ,or < XOFF> must end with the character, The 26DL will not execute any ‘commands in a string until it receives a < CR> . ‘Then it will execute all the commands sent since the previous < CR> . The maximum length of the command string is 255 characters. Characters, received after the 255th will be ignored. All the digits of a number should be transmitted by the computer before a < CR> is sent, Likewise dual character commands such as HB, Hold/Blank should not sead a< CR> between the two characters, only following the last character. Allalphabetie command characters must be upper case. All characters not listed above are ignored by the gage. A communication Features Demo floppy disk is shipped with every gage. This program allows any user with access to an IBM compatible PC, XT or AT to evaluate the 26DL. remote controlcommandsas vellas the gage keypad initiated data transmission features. ‘The demo program is also available on 3.5 inch diskettes. Contact Panametties. Decimal point characters recsived by the gage will be ignored. ‘The decimal point depends on the current gage urits and resolution and isadded automatically. Therefore, all significant digits must be transmitted by the computer. For example, to remotely send the differential reference value 10.10mm, the following string should be transmitted by the computer: "D1010". (’D10.1"will not work although "D 10.10" is also O.K.) Note 2: The complete syntax for Erase All is "EX" and for Erase Block is "I10EX" where "100" represents any X-Tier value. Note 3: ‘The complete syntax for Recall Sensitivity Optimization is "NC" MODEL 26D. "APPENDICES Ws910-0735 619196 This page intentonally left blank wa ‘APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619/96 910-0735 APPENDIX V SUMMARY OF DISPLAY FLAGS, SYMBOLS, NUMERIC VALUES, AND MESSAGES ‘The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) of the Model 26DL series gage incorporates the following numbers, symbols, messages, and flags: See Figure & for the location and identification of the various 24DL display elements. 1, Numeric Displays All numeric values, including thickness, velocity, zero, differen- tial reference number, alarm reference values, and identification number, as well as special messages (eg. "SP_1") are displayed in 0.5°(12.7mm) high numerals in the center of the LCD. There are 4 1/2 seven-segment digits, allowing a range of numbers between 0 and 19999 to be displayed as well as several upper and lower case alphabetic characters. The decimal point in thickness measurements is move- able, depending on resolution and units. Thickness resolution may be selected from among the following (See section 4.5): 0.01 in Low O.1mm, 0,001 in STANDARD 001mm 2. Thickness Units Display (IN or MM) - The LCD displays either "IN" to indicate ‘measurement in inches or'MM" to indicate measurement in millimeters. 3. Velocity Units Display (/S) -In the display velocity value mode, "/u"is displayed following either "IN" or "MM" to indicate inches or millimeters per microsecond. 4, Minus Sign (-) - When the gage is in the Differential Measure mode, a minus sign is displayed when the measured thickness is less than the Differential Reference Value. 5. LOS Flag - A marker pointing to LOS on the display indicates loss of signal or coupling. This flag will normally appear when the transducer is not coupled to anything. 6. MEAS Flag - A marker pointing to MEAS on the display indicates that the gage is in the measure mode and is ready to make (or is making) thickness measurements. A flashing MEAS flag indicates the gage is in the Sensitivity Optimization or Gain Boost mode. 7. ZERO Flag A marker pointing to ZERO on the display indicates thatthe gage is ready for transducer zero compensation if the " jessage is also on, is ready for zero calibration if the CAL flag is also on, or is displaying a zero calibration number, MODEL 26DL “APPENDICES PAGE Vi910-0731 NEGATIVE SIGN FoR ___| BATTERY STATUS INDICATOR —— DIFERENTAL MEASUREMENT KEY Lock ——~ INDICATOR on MEASURE NODE Loss oF SIGNAL. (CAL VEL ZERO WEAS LOS) 1 uniTS INDICATOR 28 6 * Figure 8 Display Indicators 619196 PAGE V2 “APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619/96 910-0733 VEL Flag- A marker pointing to VEL on the display indicates that the gage i ether ready for velocity calibration ifthe CAL Flag is also on, otis displaying the current velocity value with the numeric keys enabled to change the velocity value. CAL Flag - A marker pointing to CAL on the display indicates that the gage is in the calibrate mode. Low Battery Indicator ~The battery symbol on the top left side of the LCD will turn ‘on intermittently when the gage has approximately three hours of battery life remaining, When it turnsn steadily, only small amount of battery charge remains, and the battery should be recharged. Lock Indicator - A lock symbol appears momentarily when the calibration keys are in the locked mode, preventing accidental changes in calibration. A lock symbol appears continuously when the entire keyboard is in the locked mode. .. DIFF Flag - A marker pointing to DIFF on the display indicates that the gage isin ‘one of the following two modes: If the MEAS flag is off, then the unit is in the Differential Reference Value set mode, in which the Differential Reference Value is displayed and the numeric keys may be used to change it. Ifthe MEAS flag is on, then the unit isin the Differential Measure mode in which thickness measurements are displayed as the difference from the Differential Reference value. ID Flag - A marker pointing to ID indicates that the value being displayed is an identification number for stored data. A four or five digit value is a single tier number. A three digit number is the x-tier part of a dual tier number and a three digit number preceeded by an underline character is the yetier part of a dual tier number. In this mode the numeric keys are enabled to change the ID number if desired. MEM Flag- A marker pointing to MEM indicates that the value being displayed is the thickness value stored in memory at the current identification number. ALARM Flag - A marker pointing to ALARM on the display indicates that the gage is in one of the following two modes: Ifthe MEAS flag is off, then the unit is in the Alarm Reference Value view/set mode in which either the low or high Alarm Reference value is displayed and the numeric keys may be used to change it. Ifthe MEAS tlagis also on, then the unit is in the Alarm Measure mode in which thickness measurements are compared to the Alarm Reference Values and if outside the limits visual and audible alarms are triggered. FAST/MIN Flag--A flashing marker pointing to FAST/MIN on the display indicates that the measurement and display rate has been increased to about 20 per second. A continuous marker pointing to FAST/MIN on the display indicates that the unit is in a Minimum Measure Mode. In the ALL Minimum Measure mode the display always shows the minimum thickness reading made since being reset. In the LOS Minimum Measure mode, the display shows the actual thickness while the transducer isin contact wih the material and shows the minimum thickness reading ‘made since being reset while the transducer is not in contact. MODEL 26DL “APPENDICES PAGE VS910-0731 619196 ALPHANUMERIC MESSAGES: Appeats in response to the [7] key in the SP_2 mode. It indicates that the type of Minimum Measure mode which may be selected by the FAST/MIN key is the ALL Minimum Measure mode. That is, the minimum thickness is displayed all the time. Repeated pressing of [7] while in the SP_2 mode alternates between "ALL" "Los" Indicates that the gage is in the process of sending (communicating) stored data ‘over the serial 1/0 line to a computer of printer. No keys except ON/OFF are ‘enabled until sending is complete. When all specified data has been transmitted, the display will show the Measure mode condition, Indicates that the computer or printer has signaled the gage to stop sending by lowering the DSR line to the gage. Normally, the computer or printer will raise the DSR line when itis ready o resume receiving data and then the "C_I" message will be replaced by "C_."and data transmission will continue. This message may also be caused by an improperly initialized COM 1 or COM 2 port on the computer, or bya disconnected or improperly connected RS-232 cable, Indicates that the compurer of printer has signaled the gage to stop sending by transmitting an "X-OFP" message to the gage on the RS-232 data line. Normally the computer or printer will send an "X-ON" message to the gage when itis ready to resume receiving data and then the "C_2” message willbe replaced by "C__"and data transmission will continue. Indicates that both a low DSR line and an "X-OFF" have occurred while transmit- ting. Note: Ifany of the above conditions (C_1, C_2, or C_3) cannot be rectified bby removing the fault condition in the cable or connected device then the gage must be turned OFF and ON to enable other gage functions or to try sending again, Indicates the number of characters per line (either 40 or 80) in the data output format. This message aopears in response to the [5] key in the SP_2 mode. Repeated pressing of the [5] key causes the message (0 alternate between "C-40" and "C-80", PAGE Va “APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619/96 910-0733 Appears when the CLR MEM key has been pressed either in the Measure mode or when an X-tier number was displayed in dual tier mode. It stands for CLEAR? and asks for confirmation to either clear all memor yor clear an X-Tier block of memory. When "CL_2" is displayed, to clear all memory or the specified X-Tier block oF memory, press the CLR MEM key while holding the [3] key, To escape without cleatis 1g anything, press MEAS to get back to the Measure mode Appears at power on and when the gage returns to the Measure mode after the transducer is either removed or changed. "do... indicates that Transducer Zero Compensation must be ferformed by wiping the transducer face and pressing [ZERO], Only the followng keys are enabled when "do__"is displayed: (61 & (9), [3] & [6], [1D#}, [SEND], [VEL], [CLR MEM}, [3] & (CLR MEM}, [ZERO], and [BACKLIGHT] Measurements cannot be made while "do is being displayed. ‘This isa momentary message following the depression of each of the active keys in the SP_4 mode which indicates formed. 1 the appropriate default setup has been per May appear in response to 6 in the SP_2 mode. It indicates that the data logger is ‘organized in the dual tier or two dimensional configuration, Tn this configuration cach location # consists of two parts; a) an X-tier part with values from 0 to 999 and, b) a Y-tier part with values from 0 to 999. Repeatedly pressing [6] alternates between "UUAL" and Sing” (Single Tier). Appears when the EPROM Test (key 5) in SP_1 does not pass. MODEL 26DL “APPENDICES PAGE VS910-0731 619196 Appears momentarily following depression of SAVE when the single tier location ‘number is 19999 or when the dual tier location number is XXX_999. It indicates that the location number is stuck at the end of its range and must be manually reset to another value to prevent subsequent saves from overwriting data at the current location. Appears in response to [2] in the SP_2 mode. It indicates that the serial communi- cations word length is seven or eight bits. Repeated depression of [2] alternates between "L_T"and "L-8" Appears in response to (7|in the SP_2 mode. It indicates that the type of Minimum Measure mode which may be selected by [FAST/MIN] is the LOS Minimum Measure mode. That is, the actual thickness is displayed during transducer contact and the minimum thickness is displayed while the transducer is uncoupled. Re- peated pressing of [7] while in SP_2 causes the display to alternate between "LOS' and "ALL". Appears in response to the depression of [3] in the SP_2mode. It indicates that the serial communication number of stop bits is either one or two. Repeated pressing of [3] alternates between n_1 and n_2. Overflow indicates that aa attempt was made to display a thickness, Differemtial Reference, or Alarm Reference value greater than 10,000 in. or 199.99mm, or a Velocity value greater than .5511 in,/uS or 13.999 mm/uS, or a Zero value greater than 9999, The message isremoved after a moment (approximately 1/2 second) and the Measure mode is re-entered with no values changed, This message appears in response to the pressing of [4] in the SP_2 mode. It indicates the type of parity generated by the serial transmitter and the type of parity, ‘check done by the serial receiver. "E" = Even, "O"= Odd, and ‘n” = none. Repeated pressing of [4] c1uses the displayto cycle among "P_O "and "P_n” PAGE V6 “APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619/96 m 2) (3 14) 15] (6) m 910-0733 Appears when the [SEND] key is held down for at least one second. It indicates that a send range or send all procedure has been requested and asks for one of the following responses. To send all stored data in the current tier system, press [SEND]. To send a range of stored data enter the ID# ofthe lower end of the range to be sent, In the dual tier mode, enter an x-tier value only. Press [SEND]. Enter the ID# of the upper end of the range to be sent. In the dual tier mode, enter an tier value only. Press [SEND]. The data range will be sent. To return to the Measure mode without sending anything press [MEAS]. May appear in response to the pressing of [6] in the SP_2 mode. It indicates that the data logger is organizcd in the single tier configuration, In this configuration each location is identified by a single number between 1 and 19999, Repeated pressing of [6] alternates between a display of "Sing" and "UAL", Indicates a special scope verification and diagnostic test mode. See Sections 4 or 10 for details. Ibis elected from the unit off condition by pressing [ON/OFF] while holding [MEAS]. While in SP_I the numeric keys are enabled to select the following special modes and test Scope Verification mode joptional scope monitor is required). Pulser Receiver Peck Test Display Test - shows a repeated sequence of related LCD elements, Oscillator and Counter Test - Tests 70.000MHz oscillator and counter and displays 10000 1 if OK. EPROM Test - Tests the EPROM and displays its Version and Revision number as "Version# Revision# "04k. Otherwise displays "FATL’ Keyboard Test - Beeps and momentarily displays a distinctive code for each key pressed, Combination Test - A secuence of tests consisting of the Display Test, Oscillator and Counter Test, EPROM test, Receiver Test # 1 and Receiver Test # 2. ies special setup mode. See Sections 4 and 5 for details. It is selected from the unit off condition by pressing [ON/OFF] while holding [DIFF]. While in SP_2 the numeric keys are enabled to review or set the following parameters or modes. MODEL 26DL “APPENDICES PAGE V7910-0731 mW 2 15] (6) a mW 2) b 4) 619196 Communication baud rate, Initially shows current value then subsequent depres- sions eyele through all available rates. Communication word length. Initially shows the current value, then subsequent depressions alternate between available number of stop bits. Communication number of stop bits. Initially shows the current value, then sub- sequent depressions alternate between the available word lengths. Communication parity type. Initially shows the current type, then subsequent depressions cycle through the available types. Data output characters per line. Initially shows the current value, then subsequent depressions alternate between the available line widths. Data Logger location number organization. Initially shows the current configura- tion, then subsequent depressions alternate between the available configurations. Minimum Measure mode type. Initially shows the current type, then subsequent depressions alternate between the available types. Reserved for possible future use. Indicates a special default setup mode. See Sections 4 & 5 for details. It is selected from the unit off condition by pressing [ON/OFF] while holding [CAL]. While in the SP_4 mode, ‘he following numeric keys are enabled to select various fixed setups. Gage Default Setup Serial Communication Default Setup Reserved Bar Code Wand Default Setup PAGE VS “APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619/96 | FOLLOWED BY | FOLLOWED BY 910-0733 Indicates that an attempt was made to save a thickness reading which would have required the creation of a new setup number when fifty setups have already been assigned. The data was seved and a setup number of 0" was assigned to it. In the setup table, the set-up #0 entry will be "SETUP DATA BASE WAS FULL AT UnderFLO indicates that an attempt is being made to display a thickness that is calculated to be less than 9.000 inches or 0,00mm due to a faulty Zero Calibration, See Note following Section 3.5. This can also indicate an attempt to display a velocity less than .0300 injus or 0.762 mnuS or a negative Zero Calibration value. Inthiscase the message is temoved after a moment and the Measure mode isentered with no values changed. Appears following UFLO when a thickness underflowhas occurred. Thisis usually the result of an error in calibrating the Zero which produced too large a Zero value. ‘This in turn may occur when an attempt has been made to do a Zero Calibration on. a sample block whose thickness is below the measurement capability of the transducer or when the thickness value is incorrectly entered during the CAL ZERO operation. Indi tes that the gage isin the process of turning off, Where 123 can be any namber from 0 to 999, Indicates that 123 is the Y-tier component of the ID# inthe dual tier data logger configuration. MODEL 26DL “APPENDICES PAGE VS910-0731 619196 1) Either indicates the new resolution when [1] and [MEAS] are pressed together. The dashesto the right of t1e decimal point symbolize the number of displayed digits to the right of the decimal point in the thickness display. The message is replaced ‘momentarily with the Messure mode display. 2) Or indicates that the unit isin the Noise Opti ‘waiting for the user to enter the test thickness, ization Calibration Mode and is Appears with other pertinent flags and a decimal point when showing the contents ‘of a memory location to indicate the gage was not making a good reading. ie. Loss of Signal existed and that the numeric display was blanked when data was originally saved at the indicated location. The held thickness value would be shown in this case if'a held value had been on the display when [SAVE] was originally pressed. Appears when showing the contents ofa memory location to indicate that location is empty, ie. data has not seen saved in it since being cleared. The following sequence is displayed during the Display Test [2] oF [7] in SP_1, ‘THEN IT REPEATS THE CYCLE PAGE V-10 “APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619/96 APPENDIX VI 910-0735 SUMMARY OF KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS. ‘The following describes the keyboard functions for the Model 26D gage. For complete information on using these controls, see Sections 2, 3,4 & 5 of this manual. Figure 9 shows the keyboard layout. KEYBOARD CONTROLS _KEY COLOR GREEN BLUE BLUE RED YELLOW FUNCTION POWER KEY - turns the gage on ‘and off. ENGLISH/METRIC KEY - se- lects either inches or millimeters for the display measurement units (see Section 2), DIFFERENTIAL MODE KEY - used to view or set the Differential Reference Value and to select be- tween the Differential and normal Measure modes (see Section 4.1). MEASUREMENT KEY switches the gage into the normal Measurement mode after various other key functions have been used (see Sections 2,3, 4 & 5). CALIBRATE KEY - switches the gage into the semi-automatic cali- bration mode (see Section 3). MODEL 26D. "APPENDICES VFI910-0735 KEYBOARD CONTROLS _KEY COLOR. VEL ZERO [ALARM YELLOW YELLOW BLUE BLUE ORANGE TAN TAN 61996 FUNCTION VELOCITY KEY -used to enable or set (with the numeric keys) the sound velocity calibration for a particular material (see Section 3). ZERO KEY - used to set the transducer zero compensation or enable zero calibration for a spe- transducer (see Section 3). FAST/MIN KEY - used to select the fast or normal display update rate and to select the minimum or normal Measure mode (see Sec- tion 42 and 4.3). ALARM_ KEY - used to view or set the High and Low Alarm Ref- erence Values and to select be- tween the Alarm and normal Measure modes (see Section 44). BACKLIGHT KEY - used to switch on and off the display back- Tight (see Section 4.7), SAVE KEY - used to store meas- urement readings at the present identification number location (see Section 5). IDENTIFICATION NUM. BER KEY - used to access andjor set (with the numeric keys) the ID# at which the next measure- ‘ment will be stored or at which the rnext memory contents will be read or erased (see Section 5). "APPENDICES MODEL 26DL619196 910-0735 5=]|P ANAMETRICS ULTRASONIO THICKNESS GAGE Figure 9 26DL Keyboard Layout MODEL 26D "APPENDICES Vis910-0735 KEYBOARD CONTROLS _KEY COLOR. CR w|8| & [2]

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