Min Lu Yal Maw Chin Lat Kyan

&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
E-Book rSwfwrf;
uGefysLwmpmpDpmdkuf
born41987
tacsmoyfwnf;Nzwfol
born41987
Myanmar E-Book tNzpf

yxrtBudrf
{NyDv? 2010 ckESpfwGif
Myanmar Cupid PDF Creator Group rS
wifqufonf/
]]trSmpmukd t&ifzwfyg}}
uRefawmfonf obm0ESifh [mo0wKuav;rsm;udk a&;om;NyD; pmtkyftjzpf pkpnf;xkwfa0cJhygonf/

a&SUydkif;wGif &,fp&m armp&m (1987? 1995) idktm;ESifh &,ftm; (1996) &ifarmjcif;ESifh &,farmjcif;
(1997) wdkY xGuf&SdcJhygonf/ xdkpmtkyfrsm;xJrS ZmwfaqmifawG wlnDaom? Zmwfvrf;csif;
tcsdwftquf&Sdaom 0wKrsm;udk a&G;xkwfpkpnf;NyD; &,farmjcif;vufa&G;pif (1999) pmtkyfudk
xkwfa0cJhygonf/
xdktcg oD;jcm;Zmwfvrf;wpfyk'fpDtjzpf a&;xm;aom 0wKrsm;usef&pfcJhonf/ ,ck xdk0wKrsm;udk pkpnf;
wifqufvdkufygonf/ xdkaMumifh pmtkyfudk ]&,farmjcif;vufusef} [k trnfay;vdkufjcif;jzpfygonf/
pmtkyfwGif
-aeylrdk;&Gm
- ulnDyg&ap
-bkef;BuD;yg;pyf
-'Hk&if; 'Hk&if;
wdkY yg0ifygonf/ xdk0wKrsm;udk rzwfzl;ao;olrsm;ESifh wpkwpfpnf;wnf; jyefvnfzwfIvdkolrsm;
twGufom oD;oefY&nf&G,f xkwfa0vdkufjcif; jzpfygonf/
dkaoav;pm;vsuf
rif;vl
aeylrdk;Gm
olwdkYukd,folwdkY iwufNym;tkyfpk[k ac:Buonf/ [dk;aS;aS;u emrnfausmf plygolcdk;BuD;
iwufNym;udk tm;usNyD; rSnhfac:xm;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
cg; ac: cg;ydkufEIdufrsm;? "m; ac: "m;Nyrsm;vdkyif olwdkYonfvnf; Oya'Nyifyuvlrsm; Nzpfonf/
odkY&mwGif wpftkyfpkESifhwpftkyfpk rpnf;vHk;rdBuacs/
wu,fawmhvnf; vlqkd;olcdk; qdkolrsm;onf wpfcgwpf&H ukd,hfukd,fukd,fyif opmazmufcsif
azmufwwfolrsm;Nzpf&m wNcm;tkyfpkawGESifh pnf;vHk;rISdzdkY rvG,facs/ xdkYaBumihfyif olwdkYudk Oya'buf
awmfom;rsm;u tNrJtEdkif&aeNcif; Nzpfonf/ olwdkYawGtcsif;csif; rdkif;yif;BuNcif;uyif vlaumif;ol
aumif;wdkYtzdkY uHaumif;aeNcif;[k ,lq&rnfNzpf\/
"m;NyawGu olwdkYom vlcsif;,SOf wdkuf&Jolrsm;Nzpf owdSdolrsm;Nzpfonf/ cg;ydkufEdIufrsm;
onf vltvpfwGifom EdIuf&JBuonf/ olcdk;rsm;um; tdyfaysmfaeaom vlrsm;\ypnf;rsm;udk ,lNcif;Nzpf
ol&Jabmenf;olrsm;[k qdk\/
cg;ydkufEdIufolrsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkYonf tEdIufcH&rnfholESifh ynmcsif;NydKif t&,lNcif;Nzpfonf/
"m;NyawGvdk vufeuftm;rudk;/ olcdk;awGvdkvnf; ntarSmifudk tumtuG,f,lolrsm;r[kwf[k acsyBu
onf/
olcdk;awGuvnf; "m;NyqdkonfrSm vufeufrJholudkom taBumif;rJhoufouf tEdkifusifhNcif;Nzpf
onf/ vlowfwwfonf/ cg;ydkufEdIufrsm;um; tqifhtwef;edrfhonf/ tkyfpkvdkufaomif;usef;wwfonf/
rdrdwdkYvdk wpfudk,fawmfrpGefYpm;&J/ tcdkiftcHhum&Hxm;aom tdrfrsm;xJodkY ynmom;ygyg xdk;azmuf0if
a&mufEdkifolrsm;rSm rdrdwdkYomNzpf *kPf,lxdkufonf[k ,lqBuavonf/
***
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
iwufNym;tkyfpkrsm;rSm wpfae&mwGif rBumcPqHkBuonf/ vlpHkwufpHkawmh r[kwf/ xdkae&modkY

a&mufcGifhBuHKolrsm;om Nzpfonf/
xdktcgwGif wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf tawGYtBuHKcsif; zvS,fBuonf/ 0g&ifhNyD;olawGu Ekao;
olawGudk oifcef;pmay;Buonf/
]]cg;awG "m;awGeJY igwdkYeJYrwlwJhudpuawmh olwdkYu vltkyfpkawmifhrS aumif;wm . . . igwdkYus
awmh vlenf;av aumif;avyJ . . . trsm;qHk; ESpfa,mufavmufyJ aumif;w,f . . . taumif;qHk;u awmh
wpfudk,fawmfyJ . . . igwdkYvdkvlrsKd;qdkwmu udk,fuusL;&if ukd,fh'l;awmif ,Hk&wmr[kwfbl; . . .
pum;tNzpfaNymwmr[kwfbl; ukd,fhvlwdkY . . . wu,fuG . . . wpfcgu ig tdrfwpf tdrf0ifcdk;&if;u
pm;yGJay:wifxm;wJhyef;tdk;udk 'l;eJY0ifwdkufrdvdkY yef;tdk;uusuGJa&m . . . tdrfSifawG Edk;vmvdkY renf;vGwf
atmifaNy;cJh&w,f . . . }}
wpfukd,fawmfbBudKifu aNymvdkufonf/ bBudKifqdkaomemrnfrSm olYemrnf&if;awmh r[kwf/ olY
emrnf&if;udkawmh b,folrSrodBuacs/ olonf tvkyfuav;NzpfvdkY aiG,m;uav;SdNyDqdkvQif oHk;vdkuf
NzKef;vdkufESifh aewwfonf/ zJupm;0goemygonf/ raumif;aomtvkyfNzifh&aom ydkufqHonf raumif;
onfhenf;Nzifhyif ukefwwfonfh obm0twdkif; tNrJvdkvdk zJHI;wwfonf/ xdkYaBumihfvnf; olonf tNrJvdk
vdk ]bdkifus} aewwfonf/ odkYNzifh olYemrnf ]bBudKif} [k wGifvmNcif;yif/
olonf tm;vHk;xJwGif 0gt&ifhqHk; touftBuD;qHk; Nzpfonf/ ig;q,feD;yg;yif SdaeNyD/ wu,f
qdkvQif olYtouftG,fESifh 'DtvkyfvkyfzdkY raumif;awmh/ 'Dtvkyfqdkwmuvnf; ausmf[,fvTm;[,f aNy;
[,fESifh oGufvufzswfvwfaerS aumif;onfr[kwfvm;/
olESifh oufwlG,fwl acwfNydKifawGqdkvQif wcsKdUvnf; tNrifrSef&NyD; aumif;a&mif; aumif;0,f
vkyfudkifpm;Bu? wcsKdUvnf; tNcm;NypfrIrsKd;pHkESifh axmif'Pf ESpfSnf uscHaeBu&onf/
olomvQif om;r,m;oHa,mZOfuvnf; rSd/ oHk;vG,f NzKef;vG,foNzifh ukefcef;oGm;vdkuf? tBuH
tzefav; NyefvkyfvdkufNzifh 'DoHo&mxJrSm vHk;vnfcsmvnfvdkufaewkef;/
]]olcdk;qdkwm b,fawmhrS vufeufrudkif&bl;uG . . . vufeufqdkwm vufxJrSm toifhSdae&if
ta&;BuHKvmwJhtcg oHk;rdrSmyJ . . . wpfrIu ESpfrINzpfatmifvkyfwmeJY wlwlyJ . . . taumif;qHk;u [efyHk
ray:&if xGufaNy; . . . aNy;aygufrSdyJNzpfae&if tomwBunftzrf;cHvdkuf? 0dkif;dkufawmhr,fqdk&if rSd
vdkYvkyfpm;&wmyg bmnmqdkNyD; oem;avmufatmifaNym? tdrfSifudk &efrrlrdapeJYuG . . . igholi,fcsif;wpf
a,mufqdk&if tdrfSifu rdoGm;wmudk "m;eJYxdk;owfvdkufrdvdkY axmiftESpfESpfq,f usoGm;w,f . . . }} [k
Bo0g'ay;wwfavonf/
]]udkbBudKifaNymwm rSefw,fAs . . . }}
wpfa,mufu axmufcHvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f . . . udk,fuusL;&if ukd,fh'l;awmifr,Hk&bl;qdkwm odyfrSefw,f . . . }}
r[mumabmfvdyfu 0ifaNymonf/ nDNzpfol plVumabmfvdyfu olYtpfudkudk rsufaxmifheDBuD;ESifh
rausreyfBunhfvdkuf\/
***
www.myanmarcupid.net
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
olwdkYnDtpfudkonf olcdk;om Nzpfrvmbl;qdkvQif av,mOfysHwDxGifol ]dkuf} nDaemifvdk ausmf

Bum;aumif; ausmfBum;vmEdkifayonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufum; taqmufttHkwpfcktwGif;odkY azmufxGif;0ifa&muf&mwGif ypnf;ud&d,m
trsKd;rsKd;udk toHk;NyKNcif; tvGef0goemxHk\/
nDNzpfolonf EdkifiHNcm;kyfSifum;rsm;xJrS txl;xl;aom ypnf;ud&d,mqef;wdkYudk oHk;NyD; bPf
wdkufBuD;awG? &wemwdkufBuD;awGudk azmufxGif;onfh apm&rif;om;awGudk tvGeftm;usonf/ xdkodkYaom
enf;Nzifh BuD;BuD;us,fus,fcdk;,laom vlwpfa,muftaBumif;Nzpfonfh 'dkif,mabmvpfZmwfum;taBumif;
udk rBumcP wzGzGaNymonf/ 'dkif,mabmvpfNzpfcsif\/ xdkYaBumihf olYudk 'kdif,mabmvpfESifhcyfqifqif
umabmfvdyf[kac:BuNcif; Nzpfonf/ olu ti,fNzpf plVumabmfvdyf? olYtpfudkudk r[mumabmfvdyf[k
ac:Bu\/
olwdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufonf aomhwktrsKd;rsKd;? vGefylrsm;? rSefNzwfpdefoGm;? oHNzwfuwfaBu;
ponfwdkYudk uRrf;usifpGm toHk;cswwfonf/
xdkYtNyif olrsm;awGroHk;zl;aom enf;rsm;udkyif wDxGiftoHk;NyKwwfonf/ atmifNrifcJhwmawGvnf;
Sdonf/
pwdk;qdkifwpfqdkifudk azmufxGif;0ifa&mufzl;onf/ qkdifydkifSifu olYqdkif\vHkNcHKrIudk txifBuD;xm;
yHk&\/ NzpfEdkifavmufonf/ wHcg;u oHwHcg;Nzpfonf/ b,fvdkrS azmufxGif;zdkYrvG,f/ wpfenf;yJSdonf/
qGJwHcg;Nzpf atmufcHbD;udk aNrmif;xJu vGwfatmifrNyD; tHvGJatmifvkyf? vlwpfudk,fpm 0ifEdkifatmif
[&rnf/ 'guvnf; tawmfrvG,fonfh udp? oHwHcg;BuD;udkqGJrzdkY vltiftm; tenf;qHk; q,fa,muf
vdkrnf/ vlenf;enf;ESifh wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf vkyf&rnfhudprSm vlq,fa,mufavmuf ]a[; . . . [m; . .
. aAavqyf . . . } atmfNyD; vkyfaevdkY b,fNzpfyghrvJ/
odkY&mwGif olwdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufwnf;ESifh Nzpfatmif vkyfoGm;onf/ armfawmfum; *sKdufaxmuf
&mwGifoHk;aom ]*sKduf} udk toHk;NyKonf/ av;ig;wefSdaom um;BuD;awGudkyif aNrmufBuGoGm;atmif *sKduf
axmufvdkY&ao;wm? oHwHcg;avmufu tomav;yif/
olwdkY atmifNrifonf/ NrdK;NrdK;NrufNrufuav; pm;vdkuf&onf/ odkYNzifh aemufwpfBudrf tBuHBuD;
BuHBuNyef\/
'Dwpfcg ydkNyD; tEkpdwf&onf/ ypnf;ud&d,mpHkatmif ,loGm;&onf/ a&pkyfpuf armfwmwpfvHk;udk
0ifNzKwfBurnfNzpfonf/
BudKwifpenf;emxm;csuft& odxm;orQrSm armfwmu *syefvkyf topfpufpufNzpfonf/ tNyif
aps; ig;axmifavmufwefonf/
n vlaNcwdwfcsdefwGif olwdkYnDaemif NcHpnf;dk;em; csOf;uyfoGm;onf/ oHql;BudK;ta[mif;awG
avsmh&davsmh&J umxm;oNzifh odyfrcufcJyJ 0ifEdkifonf/
nDNzpfol umabmfvdyfu EdkifiHNcm;kyfSifum;awGxJuvdk rsufESmawGvufawGudk aq;rnf;Nc,foGm;
zdkY tBuHay;cJhao;onf/ tpfudku . . .
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rvdkygbl;uGm . . . igwdkYtom;u e*dkwnf;u rnf;NyD;om;yg . . . }} [k y,fcsvdkufonf/ odkY

wdkifatmif nDumabmfvdyfu *smuifeufNyma&mifESifh abmif;bDteufudk0wfNyD; uif;Awfzdeyfudk aq;rnf;
okwf pD;vmcJhonf/ cg;rSm olukd,fwdkifwDxGifxm;aom cg;ywf/ yvm,m? 0uftlvSnhf? vGefoGm;
ponfwdkYudk olYae&mESifhol xnfhxm;csdwfxm;Edkifonf/ ausmukef;rSmawmh 'DaeYudptwGuf ta&;ygqHk;Nzpf
onfh *ufpfbl;/ olYudk,fol a&ikyform;wpfa,mufESifhwlonf[k xifNyD; tawmfauseyfaerdonf/
tkwfwdkuftaqmufttHki,fuav;qDodkY uRrf;usifwdwfqdwfpGm aNy;uyfvdkufBuonf/ ta&;t
BuD;qHk;tydkif;u wHcg;udk zGifhzdkYyif Nzpfonf/ awmfHkwefHkESifh zGifhzdkYrvG,f/ wpfrwfeD;yg; xkSdonfh oHwH
cg;/ aomhuvnf; tmrcHaomhBuD;/
odkY&mwGif udprSd/ olwdkYrSm ypnf;ud&d,mawG ygonf/
tm;vHk;NyD;pD; tpfudkNzpfolu vufwdkYvdkufaomtcg nDu oHwlGif;ti,fpm;av;Nzifh uvefY
vdkufonf/ aomhuGif;NyKwfxGufoGm;\/ nDNzpfolu 0rf;omtm;&Nzifh pdwfavmBuD;NyD; aomhudkNzKwf&ef
vSrf;udkifvdkuf\/
]]tr,fav;As . . . }} [k vefYNyD;atmfonf/
***
]]bmaNymaumif;rvJAsm . . . acG;aNy;0ufaNy; aNy;vdkuf&wm . . . b,fhES,fAsm . . . *ufpfrD;

awmufeJY 'Davmufawmif tylay;xm;wJhaomhudk oGm;udkifwmudk; . . . 'Daumifu tJ'Davmuf pdwf
rcs&wm . . . }}
r[mumabmfvdyfu olYnDudk tNypfwifonf/ plVumabmfvdyfuvnf; . . .
]]atmifr,f . . . rif;uaumuG . . . vlawGEdk;NyD; xvdkufawmh ukd,fvGwfkef;NyD; wpfa,muf
wnf;aNy;wm r[kwfvm; . . . ighrSmom *ufpfbl;BuD;u wpfzuf? ypnf;ud&d,mawG wdk;vdkYwGJavmif;eJY
txGufrSm cg;ywfu oHql;BudK;eJYNidNyD; *Pef;vufrwpfckeJY yvm,mwpfck ususefcJhao;w,f . . . udk,fu
r&wJhtNyif udk,fhqDuypnf;awmif NyefygoGm;ao;w,f . . . }}
]][m; . . . [m; . . . [m; . . . tpf . . . tpf . . . tpf . . . }}
zdk;axmifu olwpfa,mufwnf;om&,fwwfaom wusDusDtoHNzifh &,fvdkufonf/ xdkYaBumifhyif
olYudk yk&pf[k ac:BuNcif;Nzpfonf/
]]rif;wdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufu odyfrxl;ygbl;uGm . . . [kdyHkNyif Sdyga&mvm; . . . aus;nD aemifav
. . . avrkefwdkif;usNyD; wuGJpD ysHoGm;Buwm . . . wpfaumifu olawmfaumif;&aohBuD;qD a&mufNyD;
wpfaumifu vlqdk;awGqDa&mufoGm;wmav . . . rif;wdkYnDtpfudkuawmh avrkefwdkif;wdkuf&if
vlqdk;awGqDudkcsnf; ESpfaumifvHk; olYxufig OD;atmifysHBur,fhaumifawG . . . }}
nDtpfudkESpfa,mufu yk&pfudk wpfa,mufwpfcGef;pD yspfyspfESpfESpf qJvdkufonf/
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
aq;ayghvdyfwkduav;zGm rSdef;&if;vSJaeaom arSmfq&mu xxdkifvdkufNyD; . . .

]]tif; . . . ukd,feJY tazmfac:oGm;wJhvlu toHk;rus&if NyemNzpfwwfw,fqdkwm rSefygw,f . .
. wpfcgwavusawmhvnf; tazmfrygyJ wpfa,mufwnf; cH&wwfw,fuG . . . }}
***
arSmfq&monf 0g;x&Hudk tomNzJ vQKd0ifvdkufonf/ tdrfxJa&mufNyD/ vufarmif;rSm csnfvm

aom vufzGJYudkprf;Bunhfonf/ onfvufzGJYu tvGefpGrf;onf/ vufzGJYtpGrf;aBumihf awmfHkwefHkNzifh olYudk
vlawG rNrifEdkif/ 'DntzdkY ydkawmifrNrifEdkif/ rD;awGNywfaeonf/
olu aNcoHudk vHkatmifxdef;NyD; ae&maTUvdkufonf/ arSmifxJrSm rsufpdusifhom;&atmif cP
apmihfonf/ ntarSmifrSm BunhfaeusrdkY tNriftmHku cPcsif;rSm xufNrufvmonf/
aeYvnfu tdrfrSm;0ifrdovdkvdkESifh avhvmxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; uufqufu pm;yGJay:rSm Sdaeonf/
xdkae&modkY tomuav; aTUvmonf/ uufqufSd&modkY vuftvSrf;vdkufwGif . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rvIyfeJY . . . }}
wHkYceJNzpfoGm;onf/ tdrfSifEdk;aeNyD/
]]acG;rom; . . . rif;0ifvmuwnf;u odvdkY apmihfaewmuG . . . }}
tdrfSifonf olESifh av;ig;aytuGmrSm &yfaeonf/ vufxJrSm wpfckckSdaBumif; olcefYrSef;rdonf/
"m;aNrmifNzpfrnf/ olYudk tvpf0ifraqmfyHkaxmufawmh odyfowdaumif;rnfhyHkray:/ [efukd,fhzdkY vkyf&rnf/
xGufaNy;p&m xGufaygufuvnf; rSd/ x&HudkNzJNyD; NyefxGufzdkYvnf; tcsdef&rnfr[kwf/
tdrfSifu aSUrwdk;&JyJNzpfaeonf/ xdkYaBumihf arSmfq&mu olYrSmvnf; vufeufSdaeonfh[efrsKd;
Nzifh vufudk wpfckckudkifxm;ovdkvkyfNyD; enf;enf;aNrmufvdkufonf/
tdrfSifu aemufwpfvSrf;qkwfoGm;onf/ [efusNyD/ arSmfq&m aSUwpfvSrf;wdk;vdkufonf/ tdrfSif
xyfqkwfonf/
]]a[haumif olcdk; . . . aSUrwdk;eJYaemf . . . }}
olcdk;u raNy;&yJ tdrfSifu aNy;rnfhudef;ESifh vmqdkufaeNyD/ arSmfq&mu tcGifhta&;udk vuf
vGwfrcH/ aSUqufwdk;onf/ tdrfSifu ESpfvSrf;oHk;vSrf; qkwfonf/
arSmifxJrSmrdkY enf;enf;a0;oGm;vQif aumif;aumif;rNrifawmh/ ckaecg xGufaNy;&aumif;rvm;/
rNzpfao;/ wpfcsufavmufawmh xyfvSefYvdkuf&OD;rnf/ arSmfq&m aSUwpfvSrf;twdk; . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rif;aemf . . . xyfrwdk;eJYawmh . . . ig xyfNyD;aemufqkwfvdkY r&awmhbl; . . .
x&HeJY ausmeJY uyfaeNyD . . . }}
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tdrfSifhtoHu wkefaeNyD/ arSmfq&mu tcGifhomcdkuf ckeftkyfrnfh[efNzifh a[h . . . qdk aNcmuf

vdkufonf/ tdrfSifuvnf; a,mifNyD; vufxJu"m;aNrmifudk vTwfcs . . .
]]o . . . o . . . o . . . }}
txpfxpftaihgaihgNzifh olcdk;[k atmfawmhrnf/ arSmfq&mu ckeftkyfvdkufonf/ ESpfa,mufom;
vHk;axG;aeonf/ arSmfq&mu rd&mudk vSrf;xdk;onf/ rsufcGufudk xdk;rd\/ tdrfSifuvnf; aNcaxmufNzifh
aBumufuefuefxnhfvdkufonf/ arSmfq&m yufvufuvefxGufNyD; wdkifESifhaemufaph tSdefNyif;pGm aqmihf
onf/ rdkufceJ NymceJ NzpfoGm;\/
trl;aNyoGm;awmh olYudk wdkifrSm BudK;ESifhwkwfxm;aBumif; odvdkuf&onf/ olYaSUrSm tdrfSifu rD;
cGufwpfzuf "m;aNrmifwpfzufudkif &yfaeonf/ rsufvHk;wpfzufu olxdk;xm;oNzifh zl;a,mifaeonf/
a'goxGufaeyHkvnf; &onf/ arSmfq&mu rsufvHk;uav; uv,fuv,fNzifh armfhBunhfonf/
]]acG;olcdk; . . . 'DrSmBunhfprf; . . . rif;xdk;xm;wJh 'Pf&m . . . rif;rsufvHk;udk Nyefazmufypf r,fuG
. . . }}
"m;aNrmifu rsufESmem;0Jvmonf/
]]rvkyfygeJY q&m&,f . . . csrf;omay;yg . . . }}
]]bmuG . . . [if; . . . rif;em;Gufudkyg Nzwfypfr,f . . . }}
]]aBumufygNyD cifAs . . . }}
"m;wpfudkifudkifNzifh aNymomaNym? Budrf;omBudrf;aeaomfvnf; wu,frvkyf&J/ aNcaxmufESifh wpf
csufydwfuefNyD;aemuf acgufwHkYacgufNyef avQmufaeNyefonf/ tawmfBumrS wpfpHkwpfck pOf;pm;rd[efNzifh
rD;cGufESifh"m;aNrmifudk pm;yGJay:wifNyD; aemufaz;buf xGufoGm;onf/
NyefxGufvmawmh vufxJrSm a&yHk;wpfyHk;qGJvmonf/
]][m; . . . [m; . . . rif;udk taumif;qHk;enf;eJY ynmay;&r,f . . . }}
arSmfq&mhacgif;ay:odkY a&avmif;csonf/ tm; . . . a&cJa&wrQ at;pufaewJh nodyfa&awG
. wpfukd,fvHk; TJepfoGm;onf/ ausmxJu pdrfhceJNzpfoGm;\/
..
tdrfSifu Nywif;aygufwHcg;udk oGm;zGifhvdkufao;onf/ aqmif;av\ tat;qHk; aNrmufNyefav

u wdk;0ifvmonf/ arSmfq&m wkefoGm;\/
tdrfSifu auseyftm;&pGmNyHK;NyD; yufvufukvm;xdkifudk qGJxdkifonf/ aSUwnfhwnhfrS rdefYrdefYBuD;
t&omcHum wpdrfhpdrfh xdkifBunhfaeonf/
tawmfBuD;Bumawmh arSmfq&m cdkufcdkufwkefaeNyD/ tdrfSifonf pdwful;aygufwdkif; a&xxavmif;
onf/ xdkrQESifh tm;r&ao;yJ ,yfcwfay;ao;onf/ arSmfq&m rcHEdkifawmh/
]]a[hvl. . . SdBuD;cdk;yg&JUAsm. . . &JvuftyfrSmNzifh tyfygawmh . . . 'DrSm csrf;vdkY aoawmhr,f . . .}}
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rtyfao;bl;uG . . . reufusrS tyfr,f . . . }}
arSmfq&mum; ar;csif;dkufaeNyD/ wNznf;Nznf; wpfudk,fvHk; wkefwufvmonf/ ikyfaeaom

iSufzsm;a&m*g NyefxvmNyD/
arSmfq&m w[D;[D;atmfNyD; wkefaeonfudkBunhf&if; tdrfSifrSm vefYvm[efwlonf/
]]a[haumif . . . rif; . . . rif; . . . odyfcsrf;aeNyDvm; . . . }}
]][kwf . . . [kwf . . . trav; . . . iSufzsm;wufaeNyDAs . . . [D; . . . [D; . . . }}
tdrfSifonf bmvkyf&rSef;rod NzpfoGm;onf/ arSmfq&mu txpfxpftaighaighNzifh . . .
]]a& . . . a&aEG;av; wpf . . . wpfcGufavmuf ay;ygAsm . . . }}
tdrfSifvnf; a,mifa,mifuef;uef;Nzifh a&aEG;oGm;,lonf/ BudK;aNzray;&JoNzifh yg;pyfem;awhNyD;
oludk,fwdkifwdkufonf/ arSmfq&mu a&aEG;wpfikHudk rIwfaomufNyD; . . .
]][if; . . . [if; . . . wvufpwnf; yg&mpDwarmhav;wpfvHk;avmuf wdkuf . . . wdkufyg vm;Asm
. . . }}
***
]][m; . . . [m; . . . 'geJY rif;udkaq;wdkufNyD; oem;vdkY vTwfvdkufa&mvm; . . . }} [k BuGuf

pkwfac: Pfus,fu 0ifar;onf/
]]b,fvTwfrvJuG . . . aq;Hkudk ac:oGm;wmaygh . . . aq;Hkuvnf;qif;a&m . . . [J . . . [J . .
. tcsKyfxJ wef;0if&wmygyJ . . . }}
]]vlrdcH&wJhxJrSmawmh ightNzpfrsKd;u tawmf&,f&w,fuG . . . }}
yk&pfu aNymonf/ xdkYaemuf wusDusDNrnfatmif &,fvdkufNyD; . . .
]]tJ'DaeYu ighrSm tdrfwpftdrfukd0ifr,fvdkY pdwful;rSdbl;uG . . . [dkavQmuf'DavQmuf avQmuf&if;
tdrfwpftdrf&JU aemufaz;wHcg;u enf;enf;[aewm oGm;awGYw,f . . . tcsdefu tcsdefrawmfBuD; . . .
rD;awGuvnf; rSdwfvdkY . . . wrifzGifhxm;wm rNzpfEdkifbl; . . . arhNyD; wHcg;rydwfrdwm Nzpfr,f . . .
bmyJNzpfNzpf tcGifhom&if tvkyfNzpfoGm;rSmyJqdkNyD; tdrfem; tomuyfoGm;w,f . . . vloHoloH rBum; &bl;
. . . tdyfaeBuw,f xifw,f . . . tawmfBumatmif em;pGifhBunhfao;w,f . . . aocsmNyDqdkrS wHcg;zGifhNyD;
tdrfxJ0ifvdkufw,f . . . ighpdwful;u &wJhypnf;av;awG odrf;usKH;qGJNyD; vpfrvdkYyJ . . . }}
yk&pfu umabmfvdyfti,faumif vufxJrS aq;ayhgvdyfudk,l ESpfzGmoHk;zGm zGmNyD;rS qufaNym
onf/
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rD;zdkacsmifxJta&mufrSm aNcaxmufuawmh zGeif;wmyJ . . . Burf;udku rcdkifawmh uRdceJ Nrnf

oGm;a&m . . . tJ'DtcsdefrSm tdyfcef;xJu rdef;roHwpfoH xGufvmw,f . . . tpfudkvm; . . . wJh . . . }}
em;axmifaeBuolrsm; pdwf0ifpm;vmonf/
]]igu Nidrfaeawmh aemufwpfcg tpfudkvm; xyfar;Nyefa&m . . . ighudk olYa,musfm;eJY rSm;aeNyD vdkY
xifw,f . . . tdyfcef;xJu vIyfvIyfSm;Sm;toHBum;awmh igvnf; bmvkyf&rSef; rodbl; . . . Nidrf
ukwfaewkef; . . . }}
]]vmav . . . [dkEGm;BuD; tNyifoGm;ygNyD tpfudk&JU . . . wJh . . . vufpowfawmh tJ'Drdef;ru
olYvifBuD;uG,f&mrSm azmufNyefaewmudk; . . . ighudk olYtaumifrSwfvdkY . . . }}
]]rif;u a,ma&mSd 0ifrvkyfbl;vm; . . . }}
]]aeprf;ygOD; . . . tJ'geJY iguvnf; a,mifa,mifuef;uef;eJY t[rf;qdk acsmif;[efYoH ay;vdkuf
a&m . . . tJ . . . tJ'DrSmyJ Nyemu tdrfxJrSm igwpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbl; . . . tNcm;wpf
a,mufSdao;w,f . . . olYtaumifaygh . . . oluvJ t[rf;qdk acsmif;[efYoHtay; ESpfa,mufNydKifwl
xGufoGm;wmaygh . . . NzpfyHku 'Daumifu ighudk vifBuD;NyefvmNyD; olYudkacsmif;w,frSwfvdkY vefYNyD;ykef;ae
wm . . . txJu rdef;ruvnf; pdwfrSnfawmhyJ xGufvmawmh [dkaumifuvnf;vefYNyD; aemufaz;
aygufutxGuf . . . iguvJ vpftaNy; ESpfa,muf0ifwdkufrdBua&m . . . tvJvJ tNydKNydKayghuGm . . .
rdef;ru rD;zGifhvdkufawmh ighudk awGYoGm;wmaygh . . . }}
]]atmfa&mvm; . . . }}
]]b,fatmf&JrvJuG . . . atmfvdkY vlawGa&mufvm&if olYtaumifyg rdrSmudk; . . . 'geJY igvnf;
tdrfrSm;0ifrdvdkYAsm . . . aqm&D;yJ qdkNyD; vpfxGufvm&w,f . . . }}
&,fBuonf/
]]vlrrdyJ wpfa,mufwnf; ydwfrdaewmrsKd;u ydkNyD; NzHKzdkYaumif;wm . . . }} [k aBumifvdrfavSum;
u tm;usrcHaNymvdkufonf/ olu aBumifvnf;aBumifonf/ vdrfvnf; vdrfwwfonf/ tpvnf;
axmifwwfonf/ xdkYaBumihf aBumifvdrfavSum;[k ac:BuNcif;Nzpf\/
***
olonf usD;rEdk;yJGvkyfolrsm;ESifhtwl a&ma,mifvdkuf&if; taNctaeBunhfonf/ b,ftdrfudk0if

vQif acsmifrvJ[k tuJcwfonf/ wNznf;Nznf; vlyg;vmonf/ usD;rEdk;yGJ vkyfolrsm;vnf; armNyD; vlpk
uGJukefNyD/ wefaqmifwdkifyGJBunhf&mrS Nyefvmaom vltcsKdUom usefawmhonf/
olu tdrfwpftdrfudk aG;xm;onf/ NcH0if;uav;xJu tdrfwpftdrf/ opfyifawG tkyftkyfqdkif;qdkif;
SdoNzifh tumtuG,f aumif;aumif;&onf/ tNcm;tdrfawGESifhvnf; enf;enf;vSrf;onf/
tqifaNyqHk;tcsufu tdrfxJrSm vlwpfa,mufrQ rdSNcif;yif/ xdktdrfrSrdom;pk xGuftvmwGif ol
ab;rSra,mifrvnfvdkuf&if; aNymoHqdkoHudk em;axmifaecJhonf/ xdktdrfuvlrsm;onf NrdKUxJrSm wef
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
aqmifwdkifyGJ avQmufBunhfBurnf/ NyD;awmh NrdKUxJrSm tdyfrnf/ tdrfNyefvmrnfr[kwf/ at;at;aq;aq;

azmuf0ifHkom/
vlSif;atmif apmihfonf/ ESpfem&DausmfrSyif vlaNcwdwfoGm;\/ opfyif&dyfrsm;udk tumtuG,f,l
NyD; NcH0if;xJ0ifonf/ tdrfem;udk tomuyfonf/ tdrfaSUwHcg;udk aomhcwfxm;\/ aomhu zGifhzdkYrvG,f/
NyD;awmh tdrfaSUqdkawmh vlNrifEdkifonf/
tdrfab;udk auGYvmcJhonf/ Nywif;aygufawG taNctaeudk Bunhfonf/ odyfrvG,f/ tdrfu opf
aumif;0g;aumif;awGESifh aqmufxm;oNzifh cdkifcHhonf/
aemufaz;buf vSnfhcJhNyefonf/ aemufaz;wHcg;ayguf\ taNctaeudk Bunhfonf/ wHcg;u
rlvwHcg;r[kwf/ topfNyefNyifxm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/ [muGufaysmhuGufawG Sdaeonf/
em&D0ufavmuf enf;rsKd;pkHoHk;NyD; BudK;pm;Bunhf&m wHcg;yGifhoGm;onf/ tdrfxJodkY 0ifvdkufonf/
at;at;aq;aq; udk,fBudKuf&m ypnf;awG aG;,lHkom Sdawmhonf/ Bunhf&wm tzdk;wefypnf;awGSdrnfh
tdrfrsKd;/ uHaumif;vQif twGif;ypnf;awGawmif &edkifonf/
ol pdwful;Nzifh aG;cs,fBunhfonf/ 0efusOf;usOf;Nzifh tvkyfNzpfrnhfypnf;/ wdkifuyfem&D? uuf
quf? rD;yl? pm;yGJwifyefum/ 'DxufydkNyD; tqifaNyEdkifwmu aTxnfvuf0wf&wemESifh aiGom;/ tdyfcef;
xJ0ifarTzdkY qHk;Nzwfvdkufonf/
tdyfcef;wHcg;udkvnf; aomhcwfoGm;onf/ odkY&mwGif aomhu taumif;pm;r[kwf/ enf;enf;yg;
yg; uvdvdkufHkNzifh yGifhoGm;onf/
tdyfcef;xJ 0ifonf/ vufESdyf"mwfrD; tao;pm;uav;udk xkwfvdkufonf/
vufESdyf"mwfrD;Nzifh a0hBunhfonf/ ckwifaNc&if;rSm ADdk? aomhcwfxm;yHkr&/ ADdkudk tomqGJzGifh
onf/ txJrSm t0wftpm;awGcsnf;/ tHqGJESpfvHk;udk zGifhvdkufonf/ pmGufpmwrf;awG/
enf;enf;awmh pdwfysufoGm;onf/ bmyJNzpfNzpf SdudkSd&rnf[k awG;vdkufNyefonf/ vufESdyf"mwf
rD;Nzifh [dk[dk'D'D xdk;Bunhfonf/ tcef;axmifhrSm uRef;aowmuav; wpfvHk;/ tmrcHaomhNzifh cwfxm;
onf/ usdef;aoNyD/ 'gyJ Nzpf&rnf/
aowmvdkufroGm;vQif aumif;rvm;/ zGifhNyD; txJuypnf;udk xkwf,lvQif aumif;rvm;/
aowmvdkuf,loGm;vQif vrf;rSm olrsm;awG rouFmp&m NzpfEdkifonf/ NyD;awmh aowmxJu ypnf;u ol
vdkcsifwmr[kwfyJ pmcsKyfpmwef;awG bmawG NzpfaevQif tvum;Nzpfaernf/
tcsdefvnf;&oNzifh zGifhBunfhrnf[k pdwful;vdkufonf/ pdwfcsvufcsvkyfEdkifatmif tcef;wHcg;udk
tomuav; aphvdkufonf/
]]acsmuf . . . }}
toHwpfoH Bum;&onf/ ol xdwfceJ NzpfoGm;\/ wHcg;csufusoGm;onfh toH/ wHcg;udk qGJzGifh
Bunhfonf/ r&/
ol acgif;eyef;BuD;oGm;\/ oGm;NyD/ tcef;xJrSm ydwfrdaeNyD/ aowmudkzGifhzdkYawmif owdr&awmh/
wHcg;udkESJYNyD; zGifhBunhfonf/ r&/ cdkifvdkufwJh wHcg;/
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
xGufaygufrsm;Sdrvm;[k vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh [dk[dk'D'D xdk;Bunhfonf/ Nywif;aygufvnf; rSd/

tcef;eH&Hudk ausmfxGuf&atmifuvnf; oHZumESpfxyfESifh tcdkiftcHh um&Hxm;onf/
ol aZmacR;awG Nyefvm\/
***
]]rif; xGufvdkY r&bl;aygh . . . }}

]]&wmayghuG . . . }}
]]b,fvdk xGufwmvJ . . . }}
]][m; . . . [m; . . . rif;wdkYawmif rpOf;pm;rdbl; r[kwfvm; . . . igvnf; kwfw&ufrdkY vefY
zsyfNyD; xlyloGm;vdkY rpOf;pm;rdwm . . . Sif;Sif;av;yJuG . . . csufusoGm;wJhuvefYu twGif;bufu [myJ
. . . tJ'gudk owdrxm;vdkufrdwm . . . aemufrS ighES,f . . . aBumifvdkuf wHk;vdkufwmvdkY owd& NyD;
csufudkqGJzGifhNyD; xGufvm&wmaygh . . . }}
]]at;[ . . . [kwfom;yJ . . . }}
wpfudk,fawmf bBudKifu acgif;wndwfndwfvkyfNyHK;&if; . . .
]]tJ'gyJuG . . . vlqdkwm wpfcgwpfcg aBumifwwfw,f . . . igwdkYolcdk;qdkwJh aumifawGu tdrf
tNyifuae twGif;udk azmufxGif;zdkYom pdwf0ifpm;wm . . . tdrfxJuae tdrfNyifudkxGufzdkY pdwf0ifpm;wm
r[kwfbl; . . . NyD;awmh tcdkiftcefY ydwfxm;wJh wHcg;awGudk cufcufcJcJ tNyifuae zGifhzdkYom pdwful;
xm;Buwmudk; . . . txJuae tNyifudk tvG,fwulxGufvdkY&wmudk arharhaewwfw,f . . . igwdkY
tvkyfuvnf; olrsm;awGeJY aNymif;Nyefudk;[ . . . }}
]]'geJY aeprf;ygOD; avSum;& . . . rif; aowma&m &cJhvm; . . . }}
]]b,f&rvJuGm . . . wHcg;zGifhvdkY&wmeJY 0rf;omtm;& aNy;xGufvmrdwm . . . bmypnf;rS ,lcJhzdkY
owdr&bl; . . . }}
]][m; . . . [m; . . . 'grS wu,faBumifwm . . . 'gaBumihfvJ rif;udk aBumifvdrfavSum;vdkY
ac:wmyJ . . . }}
***
tkef;qHeDuvnf; olYtawGYtBuHKudk aNymNyefonf/ olonf tkef;qHarT;rsm;uJhodkY eDusifusif Iyf

axG;axG;Nzpfaeaom qHyifrsm;udk wAspfAspfukwfzG&if; . . .
]]ightvkyfu [efw,fuG . . . odyfa0;a0;vHvH oGm;aep&m rvdkbl; . . . ukd,hf&yfuGufxJwif
vSnhfNyD; tvkyfNzpfaewmuG . . . }}
10
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]b,fNzpfrvJuG . . . tJ'Da&'D,dkqdkwmvJ ig wpfNcm;tdrfu cdk;xm;wmuG . . . tNyifxkwf

a&mif;zdkYu tcGifhromao;vdkYyJ . . . tJ'g oGm;azmfvdkuf&if rD;cdk;BuGufavQmufvdkufNyD; igyg cH&rSmaygh . .
. }}
]]tJ'gyJuG . . . udk,fuusL;&if udk,fh'l;awmif r,Hk&bl; qdkwm . . . }}
wpfudk,fawmfbBudKifu 0ifaNymonf/ xdktcg BuGufpkwfu . . .
]]usKyfuawmhAsm . . . udk,fuusL;&if udk,fhvufawmif r,Hk&bl;vdkYom aNymcsifawmhwmyJ . . . }}
[k qdkvdkufavonf/
***
BuGufpkwfonf ydefydef ao;ao;auG;auG;av; Nzpf\/ onfuyif olYtm; uHw&m;u vkyfudkif

pm;aomufEdkifatmif zefwD;ay;xm;ovdk Nzpfae\/
taBumif;um; . . .
vlwpfa,muf b,fvdkrSr0ifEdkif[k pdwfcsavmufaom taygufwpfaygufudk olu 0ifEdkifonf/
uav;wpfa,mufa,muf\ vufawmifrS EdIufvdkYr&[k xif&aom taygufudk olYvufNzifh &atmif EdIuf
Edkifonf/ olYtdk;tqpfrsm;u xl;Ncm;pGm aysmhaysmif;aeaomaBumihf Nzpfavonf/
olu vsifvnf;vsifonf/ rydkif&if rvkyf/ vkyf&ifvnf; xGufaygufudk t&ifSmxm;onf/ ol
tvkyfvkyfvQif yddyd&d&dSdNyD; vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwfatmifNrifolu rsm;onf/ BuGufvdkyif taygufSmaumif;
oNzifh 'DemrnfwGifaeNcif;Nzpf\/
ol ,aeYaG;cs,fxm;aomtdrfu tysKdBuD;wpfa,mufwnf; aeaomtdrfNzpfonf/ &ufaygif;rsm;pGm
BudKwifpenf;em tuGufcsxm;csuft& . . .
tysKdBuD;onf touf av;q,fhig;ESpfavmufSdNyD; bmtvkyfrSrvkyfyJ xdkifpm;aeEdkifavmufatmif
twGif;ypnf;awGSdonf/ xdkypnf;awGudk vlawGr&dyfrdatmif odkodkodyfodyfxm;onf/
xm;yHk odkyHku ynmyg\/ t0wftpm; ta[mif;tpkwfawGBum;xJwGif aTxnfawGudk nyfxnhf
NyD; xbDpkwfwpfxnfNzifhxkyf ckwifatmufrSmxm;onf/ b,folurS tzdk;wefypnf;[k xifrdrnf
r[kwf/
BuGufpkwfuawmh 'gudkodaeonf/ tysKdBuD;qDrSm ypnf;aygifzl;aom rdef;rwpfa,mufqDu
owif;&xm;Ncif; Nzpf\/
BuGufpkwfonf tdrfatmufodkY BudKBudKwifwif a&mufESifhaeonf/ olYtBuHu odyfydkifonf/ ckwif
atmufESifhwnfhwnfh Burf;cif;ESifhuyfvsufSdaom ysOfwpfcsyfudk [Hkuav;cGmrnf/ NyD;awmh vufudk
tomuav; vQKdrnf/ tzsm;rSm csdwfvdkaumufxm;aom oHacsmif;Snfuav;ESifh txkyfudkprf;NyD;
qGJ,lrnf/ "m;NzifhcGJ txJuaTxnfawGudk uJh,lrnf/ NyD;awmh txkyfudk Nyefxm;cJhrnf/
12
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
rdef;rBuD; txkyfudkraNzrcsif; tcdk;cH&aBumif; od&rnfr[kwf/ NyD;awmh 'Dudpu tdrfxJawmif

0ifp&mrvdk/
rdef;rBuD;u awmfawmfESifhrtdyf/ tcef;xJ 0ifvdkuf? tNyifxGufvdkuf vkyfaeonf/ wpfcgusawmh
tcef;xJutoH xGufvmonf/
]]rif; odyfqdk;w,fuG,f . . . }}
BuGufpkwf ycHk;wGefYvdkufrdonf/ 'DtysKdBuD; b,fvdkNzpfaeNyDvJ/
]]rif;udk auR;arG;NyKpk&wm tvum;yJ . . . bmrS ulnDazmfr&bl; . . . pm;vdkuf tdyfvdkuf . . .
[if; . . . 'DBum;xJ . . . }}
Burf;ay:odkY wpfpHkwpfck bkwfceJNyKwfusoH Bum;onf/ NyD;awmh ]anmif} qdkaom atmfoHBum;&
\/
]][Jh ylpD . . . b,foGm;rvdkYvJ . . . vm . . . vm . . . rDrD . . . }}
BuGufpkwf r&,frdatmif owdxm;aevdkufonf/ cPBumawmh rdef;rBuD; tdrfaSUcef;xGufoGm;\/
bk&m;Sdcdk;oHBum;&onf/ ig;rdepf q,frdepfawmh tcsdef&rnf/
ysOfudk tomuav;[onf/ oHwlGif;i,fudk usdwfNyD; cyfrQOf;rQOf;qGJ&onf/ uRwfceJ cyftkyftkyf
NrnfNyD; tenf;i,f[oGm;onf/ &avmufNyD/
vuf0g;vQKdBunhfonf/ &onf/ vuf0g;t&if;ydkif;u wpfaeonf/ udprSd/ 'Davmufuawmh
enf;enf;csif; ESJYoGif;vdkY&onf/
rdef;rBuD; tcef;xJNyef0ifvmonf/ BuGufpkwf Nidrfaevdkufonf/ rdef;rBuD;u tawmfBumatmif
tdyfraysmfao;/ ckwifay:rSm [kd[kd'D'D vdrfhaeyHk&onf/ tawmfBumawmhrS NidrfoGm;onf/ BuGufpkwfu
em;udk tpGrf;ukef pGifhvdkufonf/ toufIoH cyfrSefrSefBum;&onf/ tdyfaysmfaeNyD/
aocsmatmif em&D0ufavmuf pdwfSnfSnfapmifhvdkufonf/ toufIoHudk cefYrSef;Bunhf&m
aumif;aumif;tdyfarmusaeNyDNzpfaBumif; od&onf/
tvkyfpvdkY &NyD/
BuGufpkwfonf [aeaom ysOfNym;Bum;odkY vufvQKdvdkufonf/ wNznf;Nznf;ESJYonf/ vufz0g;0if
oGm;NyD/ txkyfSd&mESifh vSrf;vdrfhOD;rnfxifonf/ oHacsmif;udk oHk;&rvm;/ vufESifh t&ifprf;BunhfOD;rnf/
vufudk enf;enf;xyfoGif;NyD; prf;vdkufonf/ t&m0wKwpfckudk prf;rd\/ bmygvdrfh/
]aNzmif;} ceJ toHNrnfoGm;onf/ olYvufudk t&mwpfckcku Nyif;xefpGm nyfxm;vdkufonf/
]]tm; . . . }}
ol ratmifhEdkifyJ atmfrdonf/ olYvufu BuGufaxmifacsmufrSm rdaeNyD/
13
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][Jh . . . [Jh . . . }}
rdef;rBuD; Edk;vmNyD/ BuGufpkwfu toHrxGufatmif EIwfcrf;udkzdudkufNyD; vufudk NyefqGJxkwfonf/

r&/ BuGufaxmifacsmufu olYvufudk nyfvsufom; taygufrSm uefYvefYcHaeonf/ axmifacsmuf\
oHql;awGu olYvufz0g;xJokdY epf0ifaeonf/ tonf;cdkufatmif emvmoNzihf uRwfceJ toHxGufoGm;
onf/
rdef;rBuD;u ckwifatmufudkiHkYBunhfNyD; vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;Bunhf[efwlonf/ NrifoGm;\/
]][Jh . . . trav; . . . bmBuD;vJ . . . }}
BuGufpkwfu vufudktwif;kef;onf/ usefvufwpfzufuvnf; b,fvdkrS ulvdkYr&/ kef;av
oHql;awGu epf0ifavNzifh rcHr&yfEdkifatmif emvmonf/
]]o . . . o . . . o&J . . . }}
rdef;rBuD;u txpfxpftaihgaigh/ BuGufpkwfu . . .
]]o&J r[kwfbl;As . . . vlAs . . . vl . . . tr,fav; . . . emw,fAs . . . NzKwfay;ygAs
. . . }}
]]r . . . r . . . rNzKwf&Jbl; . . . }}
rwwfEdkifawmh/ emvSNyD/ BuGufaxmifacsmufuae vGwfzdkYom avmavmq,f ta&;BuD;aeoNzifh .
..
]]'gqdk wNcm;vlawG ac:vdkufygAs . . . ac:ygAs NrefNref . . . }}
rdef;rBuD;uvnf; taBumufvGefNyD; ua,mifuwrf;NzpfaeyHk &onf/ ratmfEdkifawmhyJ Burf;ay:rSm
ckefaeonf/
xdkYaBumifh BuGufpkwfraeom/ olYbmomol atmf&awmhonf/
]]vmBuygAsKdU . . . u,fawmfrlBuyg . . . olcdk;AsKdU . . . olcdk; . . . }}
toHukef[pfonf/ vufuvnf; wqpfqpf t&rf;emaeNyD/
]]olcdk;AsKdU . . . olcdk; . . . NrefNrefvmyg . . . }}
vlawG 0dkif;vmonf/ toHawG qlnHaeonf/
]]a[h . . . b,frSmvJ olcdk; . . . }}
]]'DrSmAs . . . tdrfatmufrSm . . . tr,fav;As . . . emvSygNyD . . . NrefNrefvmygAs . . . }}
vufESdyf"mwfrD;a&mifawG olYtay:usvmonf/
]]uRefawmfyJAs olcdk; . . . }}
14
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
olcdk;udk,fwdkifu olYudk,folNyefatmfNyD; azmfaeoNzifh vlawG aBumifaeonf/

]]vmygAs. . . NrefNrefNzKwfay;yg. . . 'DrSmaoawmhr,f . . . vmzrf;BuygA . . . tr,fav; As. . . }}
BuGufpkwfu IHUrJhNyD; ckepfoHcsD atmfvdkufonf/
***
]]tJ'gygyJAsm . . . 'gaBumihf usKyfu ukd,fuusL;&if ukd,fhvufawmif r,Hk&bl;vdkY aNymwmaygh .

. . }} [k qdkNyD; BuGufaxmifacsmufnyfxm;onfh'PfaBumihf taBumwdkYqdkif;um auG;auG;aumufaumuf
av;Nzpfaeaom olYvufuav;udkBunhf aNymvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif . . .
]]a[h . . . b,folawGvJuG . . . pum;rsm;aewm . . . emcsifvdkYvm; . . . tdyfcsdefuG . . . tdyfcsdef
. . . }} [k vSrf;atmfvdkufaom wm0efustapmihf\toHudk Bum;&onf/ olwdkYtkyfpkvnf; uysmu,m
udk,fhae&mukd,foGm;NyD; auG;auG;av;awG vSJtdyfvdkufBu&onf/
twefBumaomtcg &JbuftusOf;pcef;wpfckvHk; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;\/ reufusvQif tapm
BuD;xNyD; ausmufxkpcef;rSm rdrdwdkYusL;vGefcJhaom NypfrIrsm;twGuf acR;ESifh Nyefvnfay;qyfBu&ayOD;rnf/
(&,fp&marmp&m pmtkyf
1987 'DZifbm?
1995 ZGef)
15
ulnDyg&ap
olonf &efukefNrdKUv,fodkY ra&mufjzpfwm vtenf;i,f MumoGm;NyD/ olYtaejzifh taMumif;udp
rSdyJ NrdKUxJvmavhrSd/ taBumif;udpqdkwmuvnf; NrdKUxJu Hk;wpfHk;Hk;udk oGm;&efaomfvnf;aumif;? kyf
SifMunfh&efaomfvnf;aumif;? ukefwkdufawG rDeDrwfuufawGrSm ypnf;0,f&efaomfvnf;aumif; ponfjzifh
jzpfEkdifonf/
olYtzkdYawmh 'gawGvkyfp&mrvdkacs/ &efukefNrdKUv,fu Hk;jyifuem;BuD;rsm;rSm olESifh bmrQrqkdif/
olwkdYNrdKUe,fu Hk;uav;udkawmif tdrfaxmifpk pm&if;vkyfzkdYu wpfcg? EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwf aysmufoGm;
wkef;u wpfcgoma&mufzl;onf/
NrdK.v,frSm Hkwifaeaom kyfSifum;BuD;awGudkvnf; wul;wuoGm;rMunfhEdkifyg/ olwdkYqDu Hk
uav;udk vmjyonfhtcg MunfhcsifMunfh/ 'grSr[kwf AD'D,dkHkrSm jyonfhum;awG MunfhvkdufvQif NyD; onf/
ukefwkdufBuD;awG? rDeDrwfuufawG qkdwmuvnf; ydkufqHaygaygoHk;EkdifrS 0ifvkdYaumif;wmuvm;/
ol0,fvkdaom a&eHqDrD;tdrfwkdY? ig;oHk;vHk;a&mfbmzdeyfwkdYu rDeDrwfuufawGrSm 0,fvkdYr&/ olwdkYNrdKYe,fSd
aps;xJu udkpef;armifwkdY ukefpHkqkdifrSm 0,frS &onf
onfawmh awmfHkESifh NrdKUxJra&mufNzpfwm odyfqef;vSonfawmh r[kwfacs/
onfaeYawmh &yfuGufxJrS OD;ukvm;u ckdif;ojzifh NrdKUxJ xGufvmcJhjcif;jzpf\/ bkef;BuD;qGrf;uyf
csifaomaMumifh oufoufvGwf'Hayguf0,fay;yg[k tultnDawmif;xm;onf/ xdkYaBumihf vrf;oHk;q,f
rSwfwdkifrSm qif;NyD; ql;avbk&m;vrf;twdkif; txufbufodkY avQmufvmcJhonf/
rif;vl
&,farmNcif;vufusef
oufoufvGwf'Hayguf &Ekdifrnfhae&mudk OD;ukvm;u aoaocsmcsmnTefvkdufonf/ &J&ifh kyfSifHk

aemufbufuyfvsuf oHk;q,fhoHk;vrf;xJSd vpfbmwDrkefYqdkifrSm &onf/ olonf ikdufpkdufikdufpdkufavQmuf
vm&if; AdkvfcsKyfvrf;ESihfqHk&mta&mufwGif nmbufudk MunfhNyD; yg;pyftaymmif;om;jzpfoGm;\/ &J&ihfHkudk
SmvkdYrawGYawmh/ ol acgif;ukwfvkdufonf/ vrf;rSm;wmawmhrjzpfEkdif/ &J&ihfHkqdkwmudk ol rodwmvnf;
r[kwf/ [kdt&ifwkef;u ]dI;av;} ]apvdkem;} paom emrnfBuD; tdEd,kyfSifawG ESpfcgoHk;cgvmMunfhzl;
onf/ NrdKUxJ ta&muftaygufenf;onhfwkdif onfavmufawmh rsufpdvnfp&m taMumif;rSd/
&J&ifhHkqkdwm yy0if;HkeJY rsufESmcsif;qkdifyJqdkNyD; vrf;wpfzufodkY zswfceJ a,mif Munfhrd\/ yy
0if;Hku zsufxm;NyD;aeNyD/ 'gawmholodonf/ yy0if;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifqkdawmh [dkbufjcrf;rsufESmcsif;
qkdifrsm;vm;[k Za0Z0gjzpfcsifoGm;rdao;onf/ vSrf;Munfhawmh rD;&xm;HkBuD;ukd jrif&onf/
olonf &J&ifhHkae&mwGif tkwfusdK;tkwfyJhawG yHkxm;aom uGufvyfBuD;jzpfaeonfudk wtHhwMo
Munfhaerd\/ thHMoaevkdYrNyD;ao;/ 'Hayguf0,fzdkYu Sdao;onf/ q,fhwpfem&Dta&mufjyefEkdifrS qGrf;uyfzkdY
rSDEkdifrnf/ xkdYaMumifh uGufvyfBuD;udk ywfNyD; oHk;q,fhoHk;vrf;xJ 0ifvmonf/
vpfbmwDrkefYqkdifudk SmrawG.bJjzpfaejyefonf/ teD;tem;rSm ar;Munfhawmh &J&ifhHkzsuf&mwGif
rkefYqdkifvnf;ygoGm;aMumif; od&\/
oufoufvGwf'Hayguf 0,fvkdYr&aMumif; OD;ukvm;udk tcsdefrDjyefajymrSjzpfrnf/ 'grS tjcm;wpfck
ck tjrefpDpOfEkdifrnf/
yef;qdk;wef;rSwfwdkifrS bwfpfum;jyefpD;rnf[k pdwful;NyD;atmufbufodkYqif;vmonf/ taemf&xm
vrf;udk jzwful;? r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;twkdif; avQmuf? r[mAEKvvrf;udk jzwful;rnftjyKrSmyif yvuf
azmif;tpGef;rSm &yfaeaom tbGm;tkdBuD;wpfa,mufudk awGYvkduf&onf/
tbGm;BuD;rSm touftawmfBuD;NyD/ ckepfq,fausmf Spfq,fwGif;avmufSdrnf/ rsufpdvnf;
aumif;yHkr&/ vuf0g;uav;udk ezll;ay:rSm tav;jyKovkd umNyD;Munfhaeonf/ csDwHkcswHk jzpfaeonfh
yHkvnf; ay:onf/
vrf;ul;zdkY tcuftcJjzpfaeonf xif\/ xkdae&mrSm vrf;uvnf; us,fonf/ um;uvnf; Iyf
onf/ um;rsm;u ql;avbk&m;udk awGYNyD; tSdefESihfxGufvmojzifh 0DS;ceJ 0SD;ceJ jzwfjzwfoGm;aeonf/
tbGm;BuD;rSm ukef;ukef; ukef;ukef;ESifh a,mifcsmcsm jzpfae\/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufrS rulnDvQif onfaeYtzkdY
'Dbufvrf;udk jzwful;a&mufSdEkdifp&m taMumif;rjrif/
onfvkdudprsdK;awGrSm olu ulnDaeusjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh tbGm;BuD;em;odkY olavQmufoGm;onf/
uHaumif;csifawmh xkdtcsdefwGif um;awGuvnf; kwfw&ufSif;oGm;\/ olu tbGm;BuD;\vufarmif;udk
udkifvkdufNyD; . . .
]]vm . . . tarBuD; . . . }} [k ajym yvufazmif;ay:rS vrf;ay: odkYwGJcsay;onf/ xkdYaemuf
*kwpdkufxdef;udkifNyD; vrf;wpfzufodkY ac:vmcJhonf/ tbGm;BuD;rSm wkefcsnfhwkefcsnfhESihf vdkufygvmonf/
yg;pyfuvnf; . . .
]]&ygw,fuG,f . . . udprdSygbl; . . . &ygw,fuG,f . . . }} [k wwGwfwGwfajymvm\/ vrf;\
oHk;csdK;ESpfcsdK;avmufta&mufwGif Aifum;wpfpD; vmaeonfudkjrif&\/ olu vufjyvkduf&m
17
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tvdkufodpGmyif tSdefavQmhay;onf/ olwdkYvnf; vrf;wpfzufodkY cyfrSefrSeful;NyD; tbGm;BuD;udk yvuf

azmif;ay: wJGwifay;vdkuf\/
]]uJ . . . tarBuD;oGm;vkdY&NyD . . . }} [k olu ajymvdkufonf/ tbGm;BuD;u olYudk aMumif
awmifawmifMunfhNyD; . . .
]]b,fudkoGm;&rSmvJ . . . }} [k jyefar;onf/
]]tarBuD; oGm;p&mSdwm qufoGm;aygh . . . }}
]]tarBuD;u b,frS oGm;p&mrSdygbl;uG,f . . . }}
]]Asm . . . 'geJY . . . }}
]]tarBuD;ajr;av;udk rkefY[if;cg; oGm;0,fckdif;xm;vdkY apmihfaewm . . . tJ'g armif&ifav;u
tarBuD;vmvmqddkvkdY bkrodbrodvkdufvmcJh&wmuG,fh . . . }}
]][kduf . . . }}
]]tck tarBuD; [kdbufudk jyefrul;wwfawmhbl; . . . tJ'g ighom;yJ jyefvdkufydk.ay;ygOD;aemf . . . }}
[k awmif;awmif;yefyefajymaeonf/ olonf pdwful;jzifh olYezl;ol jzef;ceJ kdufvkdufrdav\/
***
txufygtjzpftysufonf kyfSifwkdY? 0wKwkdYrSmqdkvQif Zmwfaumif\pkdufukd rdwfqufonfhtae

jzifhvnf;aumif;? Zmwfvrf;tay: pdwf0ifpm;rI Sdap&ef BudKcif;xm;onfh taejzifhvnf;aumif; jyavh?
a&;avhSdonfhoabmrsdK; jzpf\/
ckvnf; vlwpfa,muftaMumif;udk ajymjycsifaomaMumifh tcsufwpfcsufudk erlemtjzpf xkwf
Ekwfjyjcif; jzpf\/
olYemrnfrSm atmifbmav[k ac:\/ 'Demrnf jzpfay:vm&jcif;rSmvnf; taMumif;Sdonf/ olYudk
arG;cgeD; olYtarAdkufemaewkef;rSm xDvufrSwf ayGYa&mif;olwpfa,muf tdrfaSUu jzwfavQmuf&if; . . .
]]wpfGufyJ usefawmhw,faemf . . . wpfGufusef wpfoufpHwJh . . . }} [k atmfoGm;onf/
tazvkyfolu 'gudkMum;ojzifh wkdufqkdifonf[kwGufNyD; ,if;xDvufrSwfudk 0,fvkdufonf/
xdkpOfrSmyif oluvnf; trd0rf;rS xGufvmNyD; ]tl0J . . . } [k atmfidkvkdufonf/
]]bmav;vJaymh . . . }}
olYtazu twGif;cef;odkY atmfar;onf/ 0rf;qJGvufonfu . . . ]]a,mufsm;av; awmfa&U . . . }}
[k jyefatmfonf/ xDvufrSwfvma&mif;onfhtcsdefrSm arG;ojzifh olYudk ]atmifbmav} [k trnfrSnfh
ac:vdkufavonf/
18
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
xDzGifhaomtcg olwdkYxkd;xm;aom xDvufrSwfrSm aygufawmhaygufonf/ qkBuD;r[kwf/ axmifh

ig;&mqkomjzpf\/ odkYwkdifatmif olYtazuawmh atmifbmavudk vmbfaumif;ol? tusdK;ay;rnfhuav;
[k owfrSwfcJhavonf/
atmifbmavonf kd;om;NyD; pdwfaumif;Sdol jzpf\/ ol\xl;jcm;csufuawmh olwpfyg;udk
tvGefulnDvdkaom pdwfxm;Sdjcif;yif jzpfonf/ wpfckSdwmu wpfzufvlu vkdtyfvkdY tultnDawmif;rS
ulnDjcif;rsdK;r[kwf/ olYtaejzihf ulnDoihfonfxifvQif vkdonfjzpfap? rvkdonfjzpfap twif;0ifulnD
wwfonf/
wcsdKUvlawGusawmh wu,ftultnDvdkwmr[kwf/ wcsddKUuvnf;udk,fhudpudk olrsm;u 0ifulnD
wm oabmrawGYwwfMu/ odkY&mwGif atmifbmavuawmh 'gawGudk*krpdkuf/ pdwful;aygufvQif bmrQ
rpOf;pm;bJ 0ifulnDvkdufwmyJ jzpf\/ okdYjzifh wpfcgwav tvkdufurf;qkd; rodovkdjzpf&\/ wpfcg
wav wvJGwacsmf rawmfrwnhfwmawG BuHK&onf/ bmyJjzpfjzpfoluawmh vlwpfzufom;udk b,fvkdul
nD&rvJqkdwmom SmBuHpOf;pm;NrJ pOf;pm;vsufyif Sdavonf/
olu aus;Zl;twifcHcsifaomaMumihf? tusdK;cHpm;cGihfwpfckck wHkYjyef&,lcsifaomaMumifh ulnDjcif;
vnf; r[kwf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh ulnDp&mSdwm 0ifulnDNyD;vQif olr[kwfovdk rodromaewwfonf/
cyfat;at;yif oGm;p&mSdwm qufxGufoGm;wwfonf/ ulnDcH&olawGuom aMumifwdaMumifawmifjzpf
NyD; usefcJhwwfonf/
***
atmifbmavonf trd0rf;wGif;rS uRwfcgeD;qJqJup olYrdbudkulnDcJhavonf/ (xDaxmifhig;

&mqkaygufjcif;)/ arG;vmNyD;awmhvnf; oaEaumif;aom uav;i,fwpfa,muf jzpfvmonf/ rdbudk'k
uray;/ EkdYqmvdkY atmfidkwmrsdK;vnf; rSd/ taru owd&vdkYwkdufrS w>ywf>ywf tirf;r&pdkYwwfonf/
wcsdKUuav;awGvdk nbufrtdyfbJ *sDuswmrsdK;vnf; rSd/ rtdyfcsifvQifvnf; rsufvHk;uav;
tjyL;om;ESihf olYbmom NidrfNidrfuav; aewwfonf/ ao;pdk acs;vl;jzpfaeonfhwkdif ,ufuef,ufuef
ESihfom aewwfonf/
enf;enf;uav; odwwfaom tG,fa&mufonfESifh ol\ulnDcsifwwfaom ADZu jyvmonf/
wpf&ufwGifolYtazu xrif;apmapm qmojzifh . . .
]]xrif;pm;r,fa[h . . . }} [k ajymonf/ olYtaru . . .
]][if;rusufao;bl; . . . }}
]][m . . . rif;[mu aemufusvScsnfvm; . . . }}
]]apmapmpm;csif&if uRefraps;oGm;aewkef; Sifu xrif;tkd;av; wnfxm;ESifhygvm; . . . Muuf
oGefav; ikwfoD;av; axmif;xm;ESihfygvm; . . . 'DrSm wpfukd,fwnf;eJY tm;vHk;vkyfae&wm . . . }}
19
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tazESihftar tjyeftvSef ajymaeMuwmudk SpfESpfom;tG,f atmifbmavu Mum;onf/ aemuf

wpfaeYusawmh tazvnf; xrif;apmapmpm;&atmif tarvnf; oufomatmifqkdNyD; olYtar aps;oGm;
aewkef; atmifbmavu xrif;tkd;wnfonf/ wnfwwfvkdYawmh r[kwf/ olYtarvkyfwmudk Munfhxm;NyD;
vkdufvkyfjcif;jzpf\/
qefb,fESpfvHk; xnfh&rnfudk olrod/ oHk;a,mufpm;rSmrdkY oHk;vHk;xnfhrnf[k olYbmom qHk;jzwf
onf/ qefaq;NyD;awmh a&xnfhonf/ oHk;a,mufqkdawmh a&zvm;ESifh oHk;cGufxnhfonf/ rD;rarT;wwfo
jzifh em&D0ufavmufMumrS rD;awmufonf/ xrif;tkd;wnfxm;NyD;aemuf MuufoGefETmonf/ ikwfoD;
axmif;onf/ ikwfoD;zwf rsufpdxJ0ifaomtcg ylpyfylavmifjzpfNyD; bmvkyf&rvJ rodojzifh atmfidk
onf/ xkdtcgusrS olYtaz rD;zkdxJ ajy;0ifvmonf/
rsufpdukda&aq;ay;? ajcray:a&avmif;vkyfNyD; b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ ar;&onf/ atmifbmavu
tazxrif;apmapmpm;&atmif vkyfwmjzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ tarjyefvmawmh ckvdkjzpf&wm olYaMumifh?
ighaMumifhqkdNyD; tazESifhtar &efjzpfMuonf/
atmifbmav wnfxm;aom xrif;tkd;uvnf; qefkjyKwfjzpfoGm;\/ xrif;&nfiSJYonfhtqifh
ra&mufwm uHaumif;onf/ oGm;iSJYvkdufrdNyD; rawmfvkdY xrif;&nfylavmifvQif atmifbmavwpfa,muf
onfkyfonf&nf jzpfcsifrSawmif jzpfvmrnf/
atmifbmavuawmh rrSwfao;/ tarhudkulnDNyD;awmh tazhudk rulnDvQif rsufESmvdkuf&mus
rnf[k awG;onf/ bmulnDvQifaumif;rvJ tuGufSmonf/
wpf&ufwGif olYtaz aeYvnf wa&;warmtdyfaewkef; pm;yJGay:u aq;wHudk awGYonf/ ,lMunhf
awmh aq;wHtkd;xJrSm aq;acs;awG wufaewm tawmfxlaeNyDjzpfaMumif; awGY&\/
]]aMomf . . . tazwpfa,mufawmh tvkyfawGrsm;vGef;vdkY aq;wHawmif aq;acs;awG rcRwfEkdifSm
yguvm; . . . }} [k awG;rdonf/ xkdYaMumifh vTusKd;uav;wpfacsmif;SmNyD; aq;wHtkd;xJu aq;acs;awG udk
pdwfSnfvufSnfjcpfypfonf/ 'gESihf tm;r&Ekdifao;yJ oGm;yGwfwHta[mif;ESifhwkdufNyD; qyf jymESifh ao
aocsmcsm aq;aMumvkdufonf/ xkdtcg aq;wHuav;u topfuJhodkY ajymifvufawmufyoGm; avawmh
onf/
tazEkd;vmvQif tHhMo0rf;omoGm;atmif pm;yJGay: tomjyefwifxm;NyD; wpfae&mrS rodrom
apmifhMunhfaevkdufonf/ watmifhavmufMumawmh olYtaz Ekd;vmonf/ aq;vdyfaq;wHorm;wkdY xHk;pH
twkdif; tdyf&mu Ekd;Ekd;csif; cHwGif;csOfwwfonf/ xkdYaMumihf Zdrfususaomufvkdufrnf[k aq;wHudk
aumufudkifonf/ yxr rsufarSmifBuKwfNyD;Munfhonf/ NyD;awmh em;rvnfovkd aMumifawmifawmif jzpf
oGm;onf/ xkdYaemufrsufvHk;jyL;vmonf/
]]a[h . . . ighaq;wHudk b,fol 'g . . . vkyfwmvJ . . . }} [k rcsifhr&JtoHjzifh atmfonf/
atmifbmav tHhMooGm;onf/ tazb,fvkdjzpfoGm;wmygvdrfh/ wefawmh olYaq;wHudk rrSwfrd
awmhbl;xifw,f[k wGufNyD; . . .
]]tJh'g . . . om; vkyfxm;wmav . . . azazuvnf; aq;wHudk b,favmufawmif ypfpvuf
cwfxm;ovJ rodbl; . . . aq;acs;awGwufaewm trsm;BuD;yJ . . . renf;ajymifatmifwkduf&w,f . . . }}
20
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
ol.tazonf ezl;udk jzef;ceJkdufvdkufNyD; tawmfpdwf"mwfusoGm;[efjzifh . . .

]]aovkdufygawmhuGm . . . 'Dvkd aq;csdK;wufatmif wrifwum vkyfxm;&wmuG . . . oGm;ygNyDuGm
. . . oGm;ygNyD . . . }}
aq;wHorm;wkdYrnfonf aq;wHtopfpufpufudk aomufvdkYcHwGif;rawGYMu/ tom;usoGm;atmif
&ufaygif;rsm;pGm pdwfSnfvufSnf tcsdef,l usifh&onf/ onfvdkESihf aq;csdK;awGxlvmav aq;wHu
aomufaumif;avjzpf\/ aq;csdK;wufjcif;onf aq;wHorm;wkdYtzkdY aq;wHouf&ifhaMumif; *kPf,lzG,f
wpfckyif jzpf\/
'gudk atmifbmavu odrS rodbJudk;/
***
olonf ausmif;rSmvnf; wpfzufom;udk ulnDwwfavonf/ ausmif;udkapmapma&mufatmif

oGm;onf/ q&mr ra&mufcif ausmufoifykef;udkBudKzsufxm;onf/ q&mrpm;yJGudk oefYSif;a&;vkyfxm;
onf/ ausmif;cef;oefYSif;a&;udk toif;vdkuf tvSnfhus vkyf&jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; oluawmh b,folESihf
jzpfjzpf aeYwkdif; 0ifulvkyfwwf\/
rkefYpm;qif;vQif q&mr pm;csifaomrkefYrsm; 0,fay;jcif;? ausmif;qif;onfhtcg q&mr\ jcif;
awmif;udk qJGum;rSwfwkdifvkdufykdYjcif;wkdYrSm ol\aeYpOfvkyfaeus 0w&m;rsm;jzpf\/
oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufa,muf rkefYzkd;ygrvmvQif atmifbmavu 0,fauR;onf/ wpfcgwav ol
rpm;yJ olrsm;udk 0,fauR;wwfwmrsdK;awmifSdonf/ Avmpmtkyf rSdoludk olYpmtkyfawGxJu cJGay; jcif;?
ausmif;ysufrsm; pmaemufusaeoludk pmul;ay;jcif;wkdYrSm olYtwGuf dk;aeNyD/
]]taz . . . om;oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu odyfqif;&Jwm taz& . . . olYrSm jrefrmzwfpmtkyf
rSdvkdYwJh . . . tJ'gom;pmtkyfudkay;vkdufNyD . . . om;udk wpftkyfxyf0,fay;aemf . . . }}
qkdwmrsdK;vnf; vkyfwwfonf/ olYoli,fcsif; vG,ftdwfu pkwfaevkdY olYvG,ftdwfudkay;NyD; olu
vG,ftdwftpkwfBuD;ESifh tdrfjyefvmwwfwmrsdK;vnf; rMumcP/
wpf&ufrSmawmh ocFsmq&mru tdrfpmawGudk wpfa,mufcsif;vmjyckdif;onf/ wGufrvmolawGudk
kdufonf/ atmifbmavuawmh tm;vHk;wGufvmNyD;om;jzpf cyfat;at;yif aeonf/
olu aemufqHk;wef;rSm xkdifoljzpf\/ tv,fwef;rSm xkdifaom oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu q&mr
tvpfrSm atmifbmavqDodkY vSpfceJ ul;vmNyD; . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rkefYpm;qif;csdef odyfrdSawmhbl; . . . 'Dawmh rif;tdrfpmjyzkdY tvSnfha&mufrSm
r[kwfawmhbl;uG . . . igwkdYtvSnhfuawmh a&mufrSmyJ . . . igu wGufrvmcJhbl;uG . . . tJ'g rif;pm tkyf
ighudkiSm;uGm . . . rif;pmtkyfeJY igoGm;jyvkdufr,f . . . }} [k tultnDawmif;onf/ atmifbmav uvnf;
21
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
ulnDzdkYqdkvQif jiif;wwfolr[kwf pmtkyfudkay;vkdufonf/ [kdaumifuvnf; olYtvSnfhusawmh

cyfwnfwnfESifh oGm;jyonf/ q&mronf pmtkyfxJrSm wGufxm;aom ykpmawGudkMunfhNyD; . . .
]][if . . . b,fvkdvkyf wGufxm;wmvJ . . . tukefwvGJawGcsnf;yJ . . . raeYu oifwkef;u
aoaocsmcsmMunfhrxm;bl;vm; . . . }}
ajym&if; BudrfvHk;vSrf;udkifonf/ [kdaumifvnf; aMumufaMumufvefYvefYrdkY oufom&m &vkd&jim;
ajymrdajym&m ajymxGufoGm;onf/
]][kd . . . [kd . . . 'g uRefawmffwGufwmr[kwfbl; . . . atmifbmav wGufxm;wm . . . }}
odkUjzifh tvdrfay:NyD; ESpfa,mufpvHk; tkdufcH&avonf/
uJhodkYaom atmifbmavonf tG,fa&mufvmawmhvnf; olrsm;udk ulnDqJ ulnDNrJyif jzpf
\/ touft&G,ftvkdufulnDyHkuawmh ajymif;vJvmonf/
vlysdKayguftG,fwGif &nf;pm;pmray;&Jaom oli,fcsif;twGuf olu udk,fpm; oGm;ay;ay;ojzifh
xD;ESihf tdkufcH&zl;onf/
olu vrf;oGm;vQifvnf; trSwfwrJh raewwf/ b,folrsm;tultnDvdkrvJ[k MunfhISmazG&if;
oGm;avhSdol jzpf\/
oGm;&if;vm&if; um;wpfpif; ysufaewmawGYvQif bmjzpfwmvJ? bmvkyfay;&rvJ ar;onf/ um;
wGef;ay;zkdYvkdvQif 0ifwGef;ay;onf/ um;pufEkd;oGm;onfhtcg wcsdKUu vufzuf&nfzkd;ay;onf/ oluawmh
,lavhrSd/ wcsdKUum;ykdifSifawGuawmh um;ysufaewkef;uom rsufESmi,fav;ESihf tultnDawmif;wwf
aomfvnf; um;pufEdk;oGm;NyDqkdvQif vSnfhMunfhNyD; NyHK;jyEIwfqufoGm;zkdYawmif owdr&/ wpfcsdK;wnf; 0l;
ceJarmif;xGufoGm;wwfonf/
atmifbmavwpfa,mufrSmom aeylusJusJrSm wGef;&ojzifh acR;oHwTJTJESifh AGufepfaeaomum;udk
wGef;ay;&if; bD;,ufojzifh ykqkd;rSm THUpufpifvsuf usef&pfwwfonf/
wpfcguvnf; ajrya'omta&mif;qkdifrSm csOfaygif? ocGm;paomrsdK;aphrsm; oGm;0,fonf? olYtdrf
ab;uGufvyfrSm pdkuf&efjzpfonf/ qkdifu ydwfzkdY jyifqifaeNyDjzpf awmif;yefNyD; 0,fcJh&onf/
qkdifrS jyefxGufvmNyD;aemuf onfbufawGra&mufwmMumNyDjzpf uefawmfBuD;apmif;rSm [kd[kd
onfonf avQmufoGm;aerdonf/
wpfae&mwGif um;wpfpif;&yfxm;wm awGY&\/ tufpftD;vm; bmvm;awmh aoaocsmcsmrod/
um;uawmh taumif;pm;qkdwm aocsmonf/ onfvkdum;rsdK; wpfpif;avmufSd&if ZdrfyJ[kpOf;pm;aewkef;
um;\aemufrD;yGihfaewm owdjyKrdvdkufonf/ um;xJrSm vlrsm;Sdaervm;[k um;em;odkY avQmufoGm;NyD;
Munfhonf/ tpdrf;&ifha&mifrSefawG tukefydwfxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif txJrSmawmh vl&dyfvkdvdk dk;wkd;&dyfwdwf
awGYojzifh um;udk,fxnfudkykwfNyD; ac:vkdufonf/
22
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
ab;rSefwpfcsyfrSm yg0gESihfjzpf nifnifomomuav; yGifhusoGm;onf/ um;xJrSmawmh touf

oHk;q,fausmftG,f cyfacsmacsmcyfawmifhawmifh vlG,fwpfa,mufESihf toufav;q,fausmfavmufSdrnfh
tkyfcyfqkd;qkd; rdef;rwpfa,mufwkdY xkdifaewmawGY&onf/
]]bmvJ . . . }}
um;xJrS vlG,fu cyfqwfqwfar;onf/ atmifbmavu um;aemufNrD;bufudk vufnKd;xkd;jy
NyD; . . .
]][dk . . . [dkav . . . aemufrD;vif;aew,f . . . }}
]]bmajymw,f . . . }}
rdef;r\ txdwfwvefYa&GwfoH xGufvm\/
]]aMomf . . . aemufrD;av . . .aemufrD; . . . }}
]]rif;eJY bmqkdifvkdYvJ . . . }}
vlG,fua[mufvkdufonf/ atmifbmav wGefYceJjzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]]tJ . . . [kwf . . . [kwfuJh . . . bmrSrqkdifygbl; . . . }} [k ajymNyD; ukyfukyfuav; vSnhf
xGufvm&onf/ pdwfxJuawmh . . . ]]olwdkYum; bufx&DukefrSmpdk;vdkY taumif;eJYvJ owday;&ao;w,f .
. . }} [k a&Gwfrd\/
***
olonf &efukefNrdKUxJodkY xGufvmcJh&jyefonf/ cktcgvnf; ollYudpr[kwf/ &yfuGufxJrSvlwpf

a,muf rGwfpvifaq;HkrSm wufaeojzifh xkdol\tdrfrS xrif;ydkYckdif; vmydkYjcif;jzpf\/ tdrfuvlawG
rtm; oluydkYay;jcif;jzpfaMumif; vlemudkajymawmh . . .
]]'Daomufaumifru bmawGvkyfaevkdY rtm;&wmvJ . . . vlemxufrsm; ydkta&;BuD;wmSdvkdYvm; .
. . ig aq;Hkwufae&wmeJY tBudKufawGYNyD; ighuG,f&mrSm vifi,feJY csdef;awGYaeovm;rodbl; . . . }} [k
vlemu rqDrqdkif olYudk [def;a[mufaeao;onf/ atmifbmavu . . .
]]r[kwfygbl;Asm . . . tpfudkYrdef;ru aq;zkd;0g;ctwGuf aiGvkdvkdY oGm;acs;&rSmrkdYvkdYyg . . . aq;
awGuvnf; aps;BuD;w,fr[kwfvm; . . . 'gawmif'Daq;Hku ukokdvfjzpfrkdYvkdY wcsdKUaq;awG 0,fp&m
rvkdyJ tvum;ay;vkdY oufomwm . . . naeusawmh qufqufvmyghr,fvdkY rSmvdkufygw,f . . . }}
[k acsmharmhajymNyD; xrif;auR;&onf/ vlemu vrf;avQmufvkdYr&ao;ojzifh oloGm;xm;aom
qD;tkd;ukd atmifbmavu oGefay;cJh&ao;onf/
23
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
aq;Hku jyefxGufvmNyD;aemuf tdrfjyef&ef um;rSwfwdkifqDodkY avQmufvmcJhonf/ wkdufwkdufqkdif

qkdifyif r[mAEKvvrf;udkjzwful;rnf jyKpOf [kdwpfcg vrf;wJGul;ay;cJhaom tbGm;BuD;udk yvufazmif;
pGef;rSm &yfvsuf awGY&jyefonf/ tbGm;BuD;rSm [kdwpfcguvkdyif vuf0g;uav;jzifh tvif;a&mifudkum
&if; vrf;wpfzufodkY Munfhaeonf/
atmifbmavu [dkwpfcgudpudkowd& wpfcsufNyHK;MunfhNyD; ab;rS jzwftavQmufwGif . . .
]]om;av;a& . . . tarBuD;udk wpfckavmufulnDprf;yg . . . }} [k tbGm;BuD;u vSrf;ajym onf/
ulnDygqkdaom pum;Mum;aomtcg atmifbmav ajcvSrf;wHkYNyD; &yfvkduf\/
]]bmvJ . . . tarBuD; . . . }}
]]tarBuD; [dkbufvrf;ul;csifvkdYyguG,f . . . um;awGu IyfvGef;vdkY . . . tJ'g wpfqdwf avmuf
ulnDygvm; . . . }}
]]&ygw,f tarBuD;&JU . . . 'gayr,fh t&ifwpfacgufuvkdawmh [kdbufvrf;a&mufawmhrS 'D
bufjyefykdYay;ygOD;vdkY rvkyfeJYOD;aemf . . . }}
atmifbmavu ajymvkduf&m tbGm;BuD;cPrQ pOf;pm;ovkdawGa0aeNyD;aemuf atmifbmavudk
rsufvHk;arS;NyD; aoaocsmcsmMunfhonf/ xkdYaemuf &,fvkdufNyD; . . .
]]vufpowfawmh [dkwpfcg vrf;ul;zkdYac:oGm;wm ighom;udk; . . . a[; . . . a[; . . . tJ'D
wkef;u rif;uvJ vmtarBuD;qkd qJGac:awmh tarBuD;vJ bkrod brod vdkufcJhwmaygh . . . 'Dwpfcgawmh
wu,f vrf;ul;csifvkdYyguG,f . . . ajr;rav;u ausmif;zGihf&ufqkdawmh udk,hfbmomyJ rkef.[if;cg;
oGm;pm;csifvkdYyguG,f . . . }}
]]uJ . . . 'gqdkvJ vm tarBuD; . . . }}
atmifbmavu tbGm;BuD;udkwJG vrf;wpfzufodkY ul;onf/ vrf;ul;&if;uvnf; tbGm;BudD;rSm .
. . ]]aus;Zl;ygyJuG,f . . . }} [k wwGwfwGwfajymaeao;onf/
vrf;wpfzuf yvufazmif;teD;odk.ta&mufwGif um;wpfpif;udkuG,f apmifhaeaom ,mOfxdef;&J
wyfzGJY0ifwpfOD;rSm kwfw&ufxGufvmNyD; aSYrSydwf&yf&if; NyHK;NyHK;BuD; qD;BudKaeavonf/
]]uJ . . . 'Dum;ay:wufMuyg . . . }}
atmifbmav\ vufarmif;udkudkif um;udknTefjy&if; ,mOfxdef;&Ju ajymonf/ tbGm;BuD;u .
..
]]aeygapuG,f . . . um;eJY vdkufydkYp&mrvkdygbl; . . . taru oHk;q,fhSpfvrf;wif oGm;rSmyg . . .}}
[k ajymaeao;onf/ ,mOfxdef;&Ju . . .
]]vdkufykdYrvkdYr[kwfbl;cifAs . . . rsOf;Mum;u vrf;jzwfrul;vdkY ta&;,lrvkdY . . . uJ . . . wuf
Muyg . . . [dkusrS 'PfaiGaqmifMuaygh . . . }}
24
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
atmifbmavrSm tbGm;BuD;udk um;ay:wJGwifay;&ao;onf/ tbGm;BuD;rSm um;ay:rSm vkdufyg

vm&if; . . . ]]'kuygyJ . . . 'kuygyJ . . . }} [k a&Gwfaeonf/ atmifbmavonf olYudpxuf
tbGm;BuD;twGufom pdwfylae&onf/ ckvkd tqJGcH&wmvnf; olYwm0efruif;[k,lqrdonf/ vrf;ul;&m
rSm olu OD;aqmifac:cJhwmudk;/
Hk;ukda&mufawmh tawmfMumapmifhqdkif;ae&NyD;aemuf 'PfaiGaqmif&onf/ atmifbmavqDrSm olY
wpfa,mufpmtwGufawmh Sdonf/ tbGm;BuD;qDrSmu rkefY[if;cg;pm;zkdY aiGq,fhig;usyfom ygonf/
atmifbmavtaejzifh olYtwGuf olaqmifNyD; xGufoGm;vdkY&aomfvnf; tbGm;BuD;udk ypfrxm;cJh
Ekdif/ tbGm;BuD;tdrfudk oGm;ajymay;zkdY pdwful;&aomfvnf; . . .
]]'Dtcsdefqdk tdrfrSm b,folrSSdrSmr[kwfbl; . . . naeusrS vlpHkjyefa&mufrSm . . . }}
[k tbGm;BuD;uajymojzifh cufaejyefonf/ aemufqHk; rwwfomojzifh tbGm;BuD;twGuf olYSd
onfhaiGjzifh 'PfaiGaqmifay;vkdufonf/
]]rif;twGufusawmh b,fhES,fvkyfrSmvJ . . . }} [k tbGm;BuD;u ar;ao;onf/
]]uRefawmfhtwGuf rylygeJY . . . Munfhvkyfyghr,f . . . }} [k ajymvdkuf&onf/
]]at;uG,f . . . armifrif;BuD;om; aus;Zl;ygyJ . . . 'Du udpNyD;&if tarBuD;wkdYtdrf 0ifvmcJhyg . . .
pkdufay;xm;wJhaiG jyefay;yghr,f . . . r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf; tv,fvrf;rSm a':MuifvkdYar;&if vl
wkdif;odygw,f . . . }}
]]&ygw,f tarBuD;&,f . . . tarBuD;om 'Dujyef&if vrf;ul;wm rrSm;ygapeJY . . . ul;wJhtcg
wpfa,mufwnf; rul;eJYaemf . . . wpfa,mufa,mufudk wJGckdif;OD; . . . }}
[k atmifbmavu pdwfrcsojzifh rSmvdkuf&ao;onf/
tbGm;BuD;udpNyD;awmh olYudp pOf;pm;&onf/ wm0efSdoludkar;Munfhawmh EkdifiHom;uwfygvQif
taygifxm;cJh? aiGjyef,lNyD;vmaG;vdkY&onf[k ajymonf/ uHtm;avsmfpGm olYqDrSm EkdifiHom;uwfygojzifh
taygifxm;cJhNyD; xGufvm&onf/
***
wcsdK.vlrsm;onf apm&euwfac: olckd;euwfESifh ,SOfNyD;arG;aomaMumifh olrsm;ypnf;udk rckd;&

vQif raeEkdif[kqkdonf/ atmifbmavuawmh bmESifh,SOfNyD; arG;cJhovJrod/ ulnDeuwfqkdwm SdvQif
awmh tJ'gESihf,SOfNyD; arG;wm[k ajym&ayvdrfhrnf/
rulnD&raeEkdifatmif wrifwum vkdufSmaeaomaMumifhyJvm;/ olYuHZmwmudku ulnDp&mESihf
BuHKudkBuHK&zkdY zefvmcJhovm;rod/ oGm;av&mrSm ulnDzkdYtcGifhtvrf;ESihf BuHK&onf/
25
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
'Dwpfcgawmh atmifbmav\ulnDrIrSm tBuD;tus,f atmifjrifrI&oGm;onf/ taMumif;rSm [kdvl

BuD;udk olvTJajymif;ay;vkdufonfh xDvufrSwfu aygufoGm;aomaMumifh jzpf\/ aygufwmrS enf;enf;yg;
yg;r[kwf/ q,fodef;qkBuD; aygufoGm;jcif;jzpf\/
xkdvlBuD;rSm aus;Zl;odwwfoljzpf\ xDqkdifykdifSifudkcifrS wpfqifh atmifbmav\ vdyfpmudkod&
NyD; tdrfa&mufvmonf/ aus;Zl;qyfonfhtaejzifh aiGig;aomif;ay;onf/ atmifbmavuvufrcH/
]]OD;av; uHeJY OD;av;&wmyJ . . . }} [k qkdNyD; aiG,l&ef taMumuftuef jiif;qefaeonf/ b,f
vkdrS ZGwftwif;ay;vdkY r&awmhrS vlBuD;vnf; vufavQmhvkdufNyD; . . .
]]rif;vdk oli,frsdK;uawmh wu,fSm;ygw,fuGm . . . aemifwpfcsdef rif;rSm b,fvkdtultnDrsdK;
yJvkdvkd OD;av;qDudk vmcJh . . . Mum;vm; . . . OD;av;emrnf OD;cspfxl;vdkY ac:w,f . . . a[m'DrSm OD;
av;&JUvdyfpmuwfjym;udk ,lxm;vkduf . . . }}
[k ajymNyD; atmifbmavudk auseyfpGm ausmoyf&ifoyfNyD;rS jyefoGm;avonf/
***
atmifbmavrSm twJGSdonf[kqkdvQif thHMop&maumif;ayvdrfhrnf/ wu,fawmh olYtpGrf;tp

aMumifhr[kwf/ rdbcsif;oabmwlxm;aom aumifrav;wpfa,mufom jzpf\/ vlBuD;awGu . . . ]]rif; wkdY
vli,fcsif;&if;ESD;atmif? wpfa,muftaMumif; wpfa,mufodatmif aeMu . . .}} [k qdkojzifh wJGae
Mujcif;jzpf\/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf avhvmqJumv[k qkdEkdifonf/
atmifbmavonf kyf&nfoefYjyefYNyD; oabmaumif;oljzpfojzifh aumifrav;u pdwf0ifpm;yHkawmh
&onf/ atmifbmavuvnf; vlBuD;awGoabmrQxm;onfhudpudk ulnDonhftaejzihf aumifrav;tay:
MunfMunfjzLjzLSdonf/
okdY&mwGif aumifrav;wdkYrdom;pkrSm &yfa&;Gma&;? vlrIa&; pdwf0ifpm;Muolrsm;r[kwf/ aumifr
av;rSmvnf; onfpkdufawGtjynfhygSdonf/ atmifbmavqdkwJhaumifuawmh omrefxufawmifxl;NyD;
vlrIa&;pdwf"mwfSdoljzpf\/
xkdtcg . . .
olwkdYESpfa,mufwJG oGm;MuvmMuonfhtcgwkdif; aumifrav;rSm pdwfrSnfp&mrsm;ESifh BuHK&
onf/ atmifbmavu oGm;&rnfhvrf;udk ajzmifhajzmifhoGm;wwfolr[kwf/ wpfcgwav kyfSifcsdefeD;aeo
jzifh aumifrav;u cyfoGufoGufoGm;apcsifonf/ atmifbmavu ausmif;qif;vmonfhuav;awG vrf;
jzwful;Ekdifatmif apmifhac:csifac:onf/
aumifrav;ESifhtwlwl avQmufvm&if; um;arSmufwmawGYojzifh aumifrav;udk arhxm;cJhNyD; vl
emawG0ifo,f? jyKpk? aq;HkvkdufydkYwmrsdK;vnf; Sdonf/
27
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
wpfcgu oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf r*FvmaqmifodkY olwkdYESpfa,muf twlwloGm;Muonf/ aumifr

av;u aTygwddwfawGbmawGESifh tysHpm;0wfvmonf/ uHuvnf;aumif;csifawmh bwfpfum;ay:rSm ESpf
a,muftwlwl wJGxkdifcGifh&onf/
uHtaMumif;rvScsifjyefawmh olwkdYxkdifonfhcHkwef;\ ab;rSm ukvm;tzkd;BuD;wpfa,muf rwfwyf
&yfaejcif;yif jzpf\/ aumifrav;onf atmifbmavudk olYtdrfu taMumif;rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vmbfjrifzkdY
taMumif;rsm;udk wwGwfwGwfajymaeonf/ atmifbmavuawmh ]tif;} vkduf&if; acgif;ndwfae&aomf
vnf; pdwfuawmh ab;rSm&yfaeaom ukvm;BuD;qDa&mufaeonf/ wpfcsufwpfcsuf armharmhMunfhonf/
ukvm;tbkd;BuD;rSm toufawmfawmfBuD;vSNyD/ ckepfq,fausmfavmufrsm; Sdrvm;rod/ vufxJ
wGif xrif;csdKifhBuD;wpfvHk; qJGxm;onf/ wef;udk vSrf;udkifxm;onfh vufarmif;ay:wGif acgif;udkrSDNyD;
tarmajzovkd arS;aeonf/ atmifbmavonf ukvm;tbkd;BuD;udk oem;oGm;onf/ olYcrsm NrdKUxJrSm
tvkyfvkyfaeonfh om;orD;xH xrif;csdKihfoGm;ydkY&jcif; jzpfEkdifonf/ onftouft&G,fBuD;ESifh wpfvrf;vHk;
rwfwwf&yfoGm;&vQif awmfawmfyifyef;SmrSmyJ[k awG;rdonf/
]]bmyJvkyfvkyf todtuRrf;av;vJSdrS . . . aiGuvJ ta&;BuD;w,f . . . aiGrSd&if . . . }}
aumifrav; pum;rqHk;cifrSmyif atmifbmavonf zswfceJ x&yfNyD;om;jzpfaeonf/
]]vm . . . vm . . . OD;av;BuD; 'DrSmxkdif . . . }}
qkdNyD; olYae&mudk z,fay;vkduf\/ ukvm;tbkd;BuD;vnf; 0rf;omtm;& 0ifxkdifvkdufonf/ aumif
rav;u atmifbmavudk rsufapmif;vSrf;xkd;onf/
ukvm;tbkd;BuD;onf apmapmwkef;u rwfwwf&yfaecJh&ojzifh yifyef;oGm[ef wlonf/ xkdifaep
&mvnf;&a&m pdwfcsvufcstdyfavawmhonf/ ukvm;tbkd;BuD;\ukd,fu rkefnif;qDapmfvnf; eHonf/
wpfcgwpfcg olYbuf idkufikdufusvmvkduf? vludkvmrSDvkdufjzpfaeojzifh aumifrav;rSm tHwBudwfBudwf
jzpfae\/ atmifbmavqDodkYvnf; rsufapmif;awG wpfpif;NyD;wpfpif;vTwfaeonf/ atmifbmavuawmh
olr[kwfovdkyif/ um;ay:wkd;wufvmolawG tqifajyatmif ae&maTUay;&if; aemufbufem;odkYyif
a&mufoGm;onf/
wpfae&mta&mufwGif um;u tSdefESifhauGYvkdufonf/ ukvm;BuD;rSm tdyfaysmfaeojzifh xrif;csdKifh
BuD;udk aocsmpGm xdef;udkifxm;Ekdifjcif;rSd/ xkdYaMumifh xrif;csdKifhBuD;onf aumifrav;bufodkY ,kdifvJus
oGm;onf/ aumifrav;\xbDrSmvnf; csdKifhxJrS xGufusvmonfh yJ[if;rsm;jzifh ayyGukefonf/ aumifr
av;rSm a'govnf;jzpf? Sufvnf;SufNyD; aemufrSwfwkdifa&mufawmh atmifbmavudkyifrac:yJ um;ay:
u qif;oGm;avawmhonf/
tvm;wludprsdK;awGu rMumcPBuHK&onf/ BuHKzefawGYzefrsm;awmh dk;oGm;onfqkdjcif;rSm vifr
,m;b0omjzpfEkdifonf/ ck[mu orD;&nf;pm;vnf; r[kwf/ w&m;0ifaphpyfNyD;om;vnf;r[kwf? vlBuD;
csif; em;vnfrI,lxm;NyD; vli,fcsif;em;vnfrISdzkdY avhvmwkef;tcsdef/
orD;&nf;pm;rsm;yifvQif onfvkd pdwfoabmxm;rwkdufqkdifwmrsm;vmvQif jyemjzpfwwfao;
wmyJ/ ckvnf; aumifrav;onf atmifbmavtay: pdwfukefpjyKvmonf/
28
rif;vl
&,farmNcif;vufusef
atmifbmavu olYxuf wjcm;rdef;uav;awGudk ydkNyD;ta&;ay;aevkdY oli,fcsif;taygif;toif;

awGudk ydkNyD;*kpdkufaevkdY qdkvnf; xm;ygawmh/ pdwfaumufoifhaumuf? o0efwdkoifhwkdHkom Sd\/
ckusawmh 'Dvkdr[kwf/ atmifbmav\ *kpdkufta&;ay;jcif;cH&olrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh wpfcgrS
awmifrjrifzl;olawG? ukvm;tbkd;BuD;awG? ESyfacs;wJGavmif;ESifh uav;awG? oDvSifawGjzpfaeonf/ pdwf
qkd;&cuf? remvkd&cuf o0efwdk&cuf/
onfMum;xJrSm onf;rcHEkdifaom udpwpfckjzpfvmonf/ aumifrav;\ nDr0rf;uGJrsm;ESifh ol
i,fcsif;rsm; e,frSa&mufvmMuonf/ atmifbmavudkvnf; jrifzl;csifonf/ &efukefNrdKUxJudkvnf;
avQmufvnfcsifonf[k qkdonf/ xkdYaMumifh tdrfudk apmapmvm&ef rSmvdkufonf/
csdef;wJhaeYusawmh aumifrav;ESihftzJGYonf 0wfaumif;pm;vS0wfNyD; apmifhaeonf/ atmifbm
avu awmfawmfESifha&mufrvm/ nDr0rf;uJGawG? oli,fcsif;awGu xifjrifcsufay;Muonf/
]]ckvkdtcsdefrSmawmif 'Dvkdrav;rpm;vkyfae&if aemufcufa&maygh . . . }} [ka0zefMuonf/
aumifrav;uawmh atmifbmavwpfa,mufa,mufudk ulnDaevkdYyJqkdwm odonf/
rSefayonf/ atmifbmavonf aumifrav; aoaocsmcsm rSmxm;onfhtwkdif; oyfoyf&yf&yf
om;om;em;em;0wfqifNyD; tdrfrSxGufvmcJhonf/ aumifrav;tdrfSd&m &yfuGufxJokdY0iftvmwGif
tdrfwpftdrfaS. uav;i,fwpfa,muf xkdifidkaeonfudk awGY&\/ ar;Munfhawmh olYacG;uav;
tdrfomwGif;xJusoGm;wm jyefrwufEkdifvkdY[kajymonf/ vlBuD;awGvnf; tdrfrSmrSdMu/
onfawmh atmifbmavyJ[m? b,f&rvJ/ tdrfomwGif;xJusaeaom acG;uav;udk tm;BudK;rmef
wuf ulnDq,fay;awmhwmaygh/
BudK;wpfacsmif;Sm? uGif;avQmvkyfNyD; acG;uav;\udk,fudk pGyfatmifvkyf&onf/ acG;uav;rSm
aMumufvefYaeojzihf olYukdu,frSef;rodbJ BudK;uGif;udk aSmifaSmifaeojzifh tcufawGYae&onf/ rvkdtyf
yJ tcsdefydkMumoGm;&onf/
tawmfMumrS pGyfrdNyD; acsmhqJGwif&\/ tay:a&mufawmh acG;wkdY\xHk;pHtwkdif; udk,fay:rStarG;
rsm;udk cgvdkuf&m atmifbmav\wpfudk,fvHk; tESH.tjym; pifukefawmhonf/
udk,fay:rSmayusHaewmawGudk a&aq;ypf&aomfvnf; t0wftpm;ay: pGef;ayonfh tpufawG
udkawmh onftwkdif; xm;vdkuf&onf/
csdef;xm;onfhtcsdefudkvnf; awmfawmfawmifausmfaeNyD/ [dka&mufvdkYar;vQif um;wpfpif; ab;u
jzwfarmif;vkdY THUpufpifwm[k ajymrnfpdwful;onf/ tdrfjyeft0wftpm;vJzdkY tcsdefr&awmh/ ajcmufoGm;
vQifawmh udprSdwef&m[kawG;rd\/
[kda&mufawmhvnf; aemufusaeojzifh uref;uwef;awmif;yefNyD; xGufvmMu&onf/ av;bD;
um;wpfpif;iSm;NyD; NrdKUxJxGufvmMu&m vrf;a&mufawmhrS tm;vHk; ESmacgif;wSKHUSHKUjzpfMu&awmhonf/ ol
xifovdk teHYu aysmufroGm;yJ um;oGm;onhftSdefESifh 0ifvmaomavpD;aMumif;rSm ysHUvdIifaeav\/
29
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
aumifrav;rSm awmfawmfpdwfqkd;oGm;onf/ atmifbmavvkyfyHkaMumifh olYnDr0rf;uGJawG? oli,f

csif;awG Mum;rSm awmfawmfodumusoGm;&onf/
]]'Davmuf pkwfpkwfyJhyJhaewwfNyD; tvkdufurf;qkd;rodwJhvludk vufcHwJGaewm tHhyg&JU . . . }} [k
ajymoGm;\/
aumifrav;rSm atmifbmavudk vHk;0pdwfukefNyD; tqufjzwfvkdufavawmhonf/ atmifbmav
uawmh cyfat;at;yif/ aqG;aewmwkdY? pdwfysufwmwkdYrjzpfyJ acG;uav;twGuf vnfywfuav;wpfck
awmif [kdcsmwdwfudk vufaqmifoGm;ay;vdkufavao;onf/ csmwdwf\rdbrsm;ESihfvnf; cifrifoGm;onf/
***
atmifbmavonf ol\xHk;pHtwkdif; vrf;ay:rSm iSufaysmcGHwkdY? ykvif;uGJwkdYSdvQif aumufNyD;z,f

ypfEkdif&ef MunhfISmazG&if; avQmufvmonf/ wpfae&mwGif tkwfcJusdK;wpfck usaeonfudk awGY&\/ vl
wpfcsKdUrSm wkdufrdrnfpdk; ausmfvTm;oGm;Muonf/
]]aMomf . . . vlrsm;ES,f . . . tjrifrawmf&ifvJ aumufypfvkdufygawmhvm; . . . ukd,frwdkufrd
NyD;a&mqdkNyD; rsufESmvTJoGm;Muw,f . . . cJudkaumufypfzdkYawmh owdr&Mubl; . . . }} [k olawG;onf/
tkwfcJusdK;aumufNyD; vrf;ab;ajrmif;xJokdY ypfrnfjyKpOf . . .
]]a[hhaumif . . . bmvkyfwmvJ . . . }}
vlwpfa,mufu tkwfcJusdK;udkifxm;aom olYvufudk vmqJG&if;a[mufvkdufonf/ ol vSnhfMunhf
onf/ vlyHkuawmh cyfrkdufrdkufyJ/ atmifbmav NyHK;jyNyD; . . .
]]olrsm;awG cvkwfwkdufrdrSmpdk;vkdY vTifhypfrvkdYygAsm . . . }}
]]bmuG . . . 'g wrifoufouf csxm;wmuG . . . }}
]]Asm . . . }}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,f . . . naeus&if ig a&cJa&a&mif;zkdY ae&mOD;xm;wmuG . . . }} [k ajym NyD;
atmifbmavvufxJu tkwfcJusdK;udk qJGvkvdkufonf/ ighrsm;xkvdkuf&if rpm;ombl;[kawG;rdNyD; . . .
]]aqm . . . aqm&D;aemf . . . rodvkdYyg . . . }} [k NyHK;NzJNzJvkyf ajymNyD; wpfcsdK;wnf; vpfcJh&
onf/ [kdvluapmif;ief;apmif;ief; Munfhaeao;onf/
atmifbmavqdkwJhaumifu 'geJYawmif rrSwfao;/ qufavQmufvm&if; aSUrSm vlESpfa,mufu
a&cJaowmBuD;wpfckvHk;udk rEkdifwEkdif o,fvmwmawGYawmh rulnDyJraeEkdifjyef/ olyg0ifNyD; ulo,f
ay;onf/ [kdESpfa,mufu . . .
]]udprSdygbl;As . . . aeygapAs . . . }} [kwm;aomfvnf; . . .
30
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]&ygw,f . . . cifAsm;wkdYcsnf;yJ EkdifrSmr[kwfbl; . . . jyKwfus&if ESarsmp&mBuD; . . . }}

qdkNyD; twif;0ifulonf/ trdk;zGifhxm;aom ygbvpfumum;ay:od ulwifay;onf/ [kdvlESpf
a,mufu aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymNyD; um;armif;xGufoGm;onf/ olu NyHK;NyD; vufjyEIwfqufvkdufao;
onf/
a&cJaowmullo,fvkduf&jzifh enf;enf;armoGm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh teD;Sd tat;qdkifxJ0ifxkdifNyD;
pywfuvifwpfykvif; rSmaomufvdkuf\/ onfaeYtzkdY ESpfckqufwkduf ulnDvkdufEdkifjcif;rSm awmfawmfuk
okdvfxl;onf[k awG;NyD; auseyfaewkef; . . .
apmapmu qkdifae&mOD;xm;w,fqkdaom vlonf tat;qkdifxJodkY jyL;jyL;ysmysm 0ifvmonf/ olY
vufxJrSmvnf; tkwfcJusdK;udkifxm;qJ/ [kd[kdonfonf MunfhNyD; . . .
]]a[m . . . [dkrSm . . . olyJ . . . }} [k ajymNyD; atmifbmavxkdifae&modkY ajy;vmonf/
aemufuvnf; vlav;ig;ajcmufa,mufavmuf 0dkif;vkdufvm\/ wcsKdUvlrsm;\vufxJrSm wkwfawG "m;
awGESihf/ rdef;rBuD;wpfa,mufonfvnf; aemufrS tl,m;zm;,m;vdkufvmonf/ xkdYaemuf atmifbmavudk
0dkif;xm;vkdufMuNyD; tkwfcJudkifxm;olu . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rajy;eJY . . . }}
atmifbmavvnf; tlwdtlaMumif armhMunfhNyD; . . .
]]uRefawmfu bmjzpfvkdY ajy;&rSmvJ . . . }} [kajymvkdufonf/ tkwfcJESifhvlu . . .
]]bm tlaMumifaMumifvkyfaewmvJ . . . aooGm;csifvkdYvm; . . . }}
qkdNyD; tkwfcJusdK;ESihfxk&ef vufajrmufvkdufonf/
]]tr,fav; . . . rvkyfMuygeJY . . . aoG;oH&J&J rMunfh&JvkdYyg . . . }}
rdef;rBuD;u ajym&if; 0ifqJGojzihf atmifbmavoufomoGm;onf/ 'grSr[kwfvkdYuawmh wkwf
a&m? "m;a&m? tkwfcJusdK;a&m rdvdkufvkdYu roufom/
]]t&rf;rvkyfMuygeJY . . . pcef;ukdykdY&r,f . . . }} [k ajym&if; &-0-w tzJGY0ifrsm;ESifh t&efrD;
owf&Jabmfrsm;a&mufvmonf/ olwdkYra&mufcifuav;wif em;&if;ESpfcsufoHk;csuf ttkyfcHvdkuf&ao;
onf/ atmifbmavrSm xllylNyD; bkrodbrod aMumifwdaMumifawmifjzpfvsuf . . .
]]uRefawmfbmvkyfvkdYvJAs . . . vrf;oGm;vrf;vmawG cvkwfwkdufrdrSmpdk;vkdY tkwfcJudkz,fypfwmyg
As . . . }} [k ua,mifuwrf;ajym&if; qJGac:&mudk ygoGm;onf/
***
31
rif;vl
&,farmNcif;vufusef
vltrsm;xdckdufrSmpdk;vdkY wm0efododvkyfcJhwmudk bmaMumifhzrf;&ovJ[k em;rvnfEkdifatmif jzpf

aeonf/ &Jpcef;a&mufrS oabmaygufonf/ ckudprSm tkwfcJusdK;ESifh bmrQrqkdif/
jzpfyHku tdrfSifawG tjyifoGm;aewkef; tdrfwpftdrfudk vlESpfa,mufu azmufxGif;0ifa&mufonf/
olwdkYvkyfyHku ydyd&d&dSdvSonf/ aT? aiG? vuf0wf&wemrsm;? aiGrsm; SmazG,lNyD;aemuf a&cJaowmxJ
xnfhvkdufonf/ NyD;awmhrS a&cJaowmBuD;udk tdrfaSUaygufrSwpfqifh cyfwnfwnf rxkwfvmonf/
aeYcif;aMumifawmifBuD;vnf; jzpf? vljrifoljrif rSifaoao vIyfSm;oGm;aomaMumifh b,folurS
rouFmrjzpfrd/ wpfckyJSdonf/ a&cJaowmBuD;u olwkdYxifxm;wmxuf ykdav;aeonf/ xkdYaMumifh rEkdifh
wEkdifjzpfaewkef; atmifbmavu ulNyD;o,fay;cJhjcif;jzpf\/
olckd;rsm;xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf rMumcifrSmyif tdrfSif\ZeD; rdef;rBuD;rSm aps;0,f&mrS jyefvmonf/
tdrfaSUwHcg;BuD;yGifhaewm jrifuwnf;u xdwfxdwfysmysmjzpfNyD; tdrfxJ0ifMunfh&m olckd;azmufoGm;aMumif;
od&onf/ atmf[pftultnDawmif;ojzifh vltcsKdUa&mufvmonf/ jzpfyHkod&aomtcg tkwfcJusdK;udkifxm;
olu a&cJaowmudk vloHk;a,mufo,f um;ay:wifonfudkawGY&aMumif;? xdktxJrSwpfa,mufonf
tat;qdkifxJrSmSdao;aMumif; ajymojzifh atmifbmavudk zrf;rdoGm;jcif;jzpf\/
&Ju atmifbmavudk ppfaq;aomtcg olbmrSrod&aMumif;? vlESpfa,muf a&cJaowmudk rEkdif
reif;o,faewmawGY& kd;kd;om;om; 0ifulnDjcif;omjzpfaMumif; ajymonf/
cufaewmu rsufjrifoufao(tkwfcJusdK;ESifhvl)\ xGufqkdcsuft& atmifbmavu wpfzufrS
avQmufvmaMumif;? usefvlESpfa,mufu a&cJaowmo,fvmaMumif;? xkdYaemuf atmifbmavESifhqHkNyD;
oHk;a,muftwlo,fMuaMumif;? um;ay:wifNyD;aemuf ESpfa,mufu um;ESifhxGufoGm;NyD; atmifbmavu
aecJhaMumif;? um;xGufoGm;aomtcg atmifbmavu vufjyEIwfqufvdkufao;aMumif;/
txufygxGufqkdcsuft& atmifbmavonf azmufxGif;olrsm;ESifh wpfzJGYwnf;jzpfonf[k ,lq
Ekdifp&m taMumif;Sdaeonf/ xkdYaMumifh atmifbmavudk qufcsKyfxm;vkduf\/
tdrfwpftdrfudk azmufxGif;ckd;,lrIjzifh atmifbmavtzrf;cH&aMumif; Mum;od&aomtcg wpf&yf
uGufvHk; tkef;tkef;uRufuRufjzpfoGm;onf/ atmifbmav\taMumif;udk odaeojzifh 'g wjcm;vltwGuf
"m;pmcH&wmyJqkdwm odaeMu\/
atmifbmav\rdbrsm;ESihf OD;ukvm;wkdY &Jpcef;vdkufoGm;Muonf/ tmrcHudp&zkdY oGm;ajymonf/
OD;ukvm;u vkdtyfvQif oltmrcHygrnf[k ajymonf/ avmavmq,f tmrcHay;vdkYr&ao;aMumif; &Jpcef;
uajymvdkuf\/ naeusawmh olwkdY&yfuGuf &-0-w tzJGY0ifrsm; a&mufvmNyD; atmifbmavrSm 'Dvkd
tvkyfrsdK; vkyfrnfholr[kwfaMumif;? tusihfpm&dw tvGefaumif;onfh vldk;vlaumif;wpfa,mufjzpf
aMumif; axmufcHMujyefonf/
&yfuGufxJrSvlrsm;uvnf; atmifbmavwpfa,mufawmh tm;i,faeawmhrSmyJ[kqkdNyD; pcef;udk
vdkufvmMuonf/ rkefY0,fvmol? aq;vdyfvmay;olrsm;jzihf &Jpcef;wpf0dkuf pnfum;aeonf/ wcsKdUrdef;r
awGuvnf; tcsKyfcef;em; oGm;EIwfqufcGifhr&ojzifh pcef;aemufbufrSywf . . . ]]atmifbmava& . . .
bmrStm;ri,feJYa[h . . . }} [k atmf[pfEIwfqufMuonf/
32
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
xkdrQruao;/ atmifbmav aq;HkrSmoGm;jyKpkcJholonf aq;HkrSqif;vmNyD; axmheJYaxmheJYESifh

a&mufvmao;onf/ atmifbmav tdrfomwGif;rSq,fay;cJhaom acG;uav;ykdifSif csmwdwf\zcifrSm
aSUaejzpf\/ oluvnf; owif;Mum;ojzifh a&mufSdvmNyD; tm;ay;pum;ajym&if; vkdtyfvQif olYtaejzifh
tcrJhaSUaevdkufay;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymonf/
pcef;rSL;taejzifh atmifbmavESihfywfoufNyD; pOf;pm;p&mjzpfvmonf/ onfavmuf tmrcHcsifol
aygrsm;aom w&m;cHrsdK; wpfcgrSrawGYzl;ao;/ NyD;awmh atmifbmav\yHkpHrSmvnf; azmufxGif;0dZmwpf
a,mufESifh vHk;0rwl/ onftrIrSm atmifbmavyg0ifywfoufaew,fqkdwm oHo,Sdp&m jzpfvm\/
xkdrQru . . .
***
azmufxGif;cH&onfh tdrfSifvlBuD;onf &Jpcef;odkYa&mufvmNyD; trItajctaeudk ar;onf/ pcef;

rSL;u . . .
]]uRefawmfwkdYvJ w&m;cHawGtm;vHk;rdatmif tylwjyif;BudK;pm;aeygw,f . . . olwkdYtzJGYeJY ywf
oufvkdY rouFmwJhvlwpfa,mufudkawmh rdxm;ygw,f . . . }}
]][kwfvm; . . . b,folvJ . . . }}
]]vlyHkuawmh xifavmufp&m rSdygbl; . . . olYemrnfuvnf; cyfqef;qef;yJcifAs . . . atmif
bmavwJh . . . }}
]]bm . . . atmifbmav . . . [kwfvm; . . . usKyf olYudk awGYcsifw,fAsm . . . tefu,hftod
rsm;jzpfaervm; rodbl; . . . }}
]]&ygw,f . . . awGY&ygw,f . . . }}
vlBuD;udk tcsKyfcef;qDac:oGm;NyD; atmifbmavESifhawGYay;onf/ vlBuD;ESihf atmifbmavwkdYrSm
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufMunfhNyD; tHhMowBuD; jzpfukefMuavonf/ vlBuD;u atmifbmavudk vufndK;
xkd;NyD; . . .
]][m . . . olr[kwfbl; . . . olr[kwfbl; . . . }} [k atmfvdkufonf/ pcef;rSL;u . . .
]][kwfuJh . . . ol[m OD;av;&JUtod r[kwfEkdifygbl; . . . }}
]]'gudkajymwm r[kwfbl; . . . tefu,fhtdrfudk0ifckd;wm olr[kwfEkdifbl;vkdY ajymwm . . . 'Doli,f
[m tifrwef dk;om;ajzmifhrwfwJholi,fyg . . . }}
pcef;rSL;rSm . . . ]]vmjyefNyDwpfa,muf . . . }} [kpdwfxJu a&Gwf&if; yg;pyfta[mif;om;jzpf
oGm;&\/ vlBuD;u qufvuf . . .
33
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]olr[kwfbl;qkdwm tefu,ftmrcHygw,f . . . olYudkvTwfay;vdkufyg . . . }}

]][m . . . 'Dvkdawmh vkyfvkdYr&bl;cifAs . . . Oya'oabmt&awmh vHk;0ckdifvHkatmif? axmifhaph
atmif apmifhMunfh&ygOD;r,f . . . }}
]]'gqdk olYudk pm;p&mav;bmav; ay;yg&ap . . . }}
]]'gawmh&ygw,f . . . }}
xkdvlBuD;rSm atmifbmav xDvufrSwfvJay;vkdufojzifh q,fodef;qkaygufoGm;aom OD;cspfxl;yif
jzpfav\/
OD;cspfxl;onf atmifbmavudk bmrS tm;ri,f&efajymonf/ atmifbmavpm;zkdY 'Haygufxrif;
ESifh r&if'g 0,fay;cJhonf/ naewpfacgufa&mufvmjyefNyD; xrif;aMumf? bJuif? tpdrf;aMumfESifh uRJdkif;
tcsdK&nfbl;? nbufqmvQif pm;zkdYaomufzkdY aygifrkefY? bDpuGwf? ydkumazsmf&nfbl; pHkatmif0,fvmonf/
nusvQif cif;tdyfzkdY *Grf;uyfESihfouvyfapmifawG? acgif;tHk;awGyg ,lvmaomaMumifh tcsKyfcef;xJrSm 'g
awGay;vdkYr&ygbl;[k pcef;rI;u renf; awmif;yefvTwfvdkuf&onf/
pcef;rSL;rSm awmfawmfOD;aESmufajcmufvm\/ ckjzpfaeyHkuawmfawmfqef;onf/ w&m;vdku w&m;cH
rSm tjypfrSdygbl;[kqkdNyD; tmrcHaeonf/ NyD;awmh tcsKyfcef;xJrSm vkdavao;rSdatmif vkyfay;xm; onf/
onftwdkif;qdkvQif atmifbmavrSm tjypfrSdaMumif; wpfajz;ajz;ay:vGifvmonf/ ol wu,f
jypfrIusL;vGefonfqdkvQif [kdaumifawGESifh wpfcgwnf;vdkufoGm;&rnf/ ckvkd tat;qkdifrSm pdrfajyeajy
tat;aomufaewmudk MunfhvQif olESifholcdk;awG bmrSrqkdifaMumif; nTefjyovdkjzpfaeonf/
xkdYaMumifh atmifbmavudk wpfcgxyfNyD; ppfar;jyefonf/
]]rif;u [kdaumifawGeJYbmrSrqkdifbl;yJ xm;yguGm . . . tJ'DaumifawGudkjrif&if rif; rSwfrdEkdif
yghrvm; . . . }}
]]rSwfrdr,f xifygw,f . . . }}
]]'gqkd&if olwkdY&JU yHko@mefudk ajymjyprf;uGm . . . }}
atmifbmavu cPpOf;pm; . . .
]]tom;rnf;rnf; . . . }}
]]tif; . . . [kwfNyD . . . udk,fvHk;ukd,fxnfu . . . }}
]]cyfuspfuspfyJ . . . t&yfu redrhfrjrifh . . . }}
]]rsufESmyHkyef;ua&m . . . qHyifupajymuGm . . . }}
]]acgif;wHk;qHawmufvkd qHyifrsdK; . . . }}
34
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rsufESmu . . . }}
]]tif; . . . rsufESmrSm 0ufNcHawGeJY . . . }}
]]rif;ajymwJhyHkawGu vltrsm;pkxJu yHkyJ . . . 'DavmufeJYawmhr&ao;bl; . . . xl;jcm;wm bmSd

ovJ . . . rsufESmrSm trm&GwfSdwmwkdY . . . vufrSm aq;rSifaMumifxdk;xm;wmwkdY . . . }}
]]tJ'gawmh owdrjyKrdbl;q&m . . . }}
]]uJ . . . 'gqkd aemufwpfa,muftaMumif;ajym . . . }}
]]aemufwpfa,mufuvnf; tJ'Dtwkdif;yJ . . . }}
]]a[ . . . b,fvkd . . . }}
atmifbmavu twefMumatmif EIwfcrf;udkufpOf;pm;aeNyD;aemuf . . .
]][m . . . odNyDq&m . . . olwdkYESpfa,mufu wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf kyfcsif;odyfwlwm . . .
tNrTmNzpfEkdifw,f . . . }}
pcef;rSL;\rsufESm 0if;vufoGm;\/ e,fxdef;udk vSrf;Munfhonf/ e,fxdef;u jzpfEkdifw,fqkdaom
oabm acgif;ndwfjyonf/ pcef;rSL;u . . .
]]olYudk pDtkdif'Dac:oGm;NyD; [kdaumifawG"mwfyHk jyvkdufyg . . . }} [k ajymonf/
atmifbmavudk pDtkdif'DrIcif;rSwfwrf;XmecJGokdY ac:oGm;onf/ jypfcsufSdcJhzl;olrsm;\ "mwfyHkawG
xm;aom zkdifwJGxJu "mwfyHkrsm;udk jyonf/ atmifbmavu . . . ]][kwfygw,f . . . olwkdYygyJ . . . }} [k
ajymonf/
okdYjzihf ydkufpdyfwkdufSmazG&m azmufxGif;0dZm at;jrifhESifhat;wifhwdkY tNrTmnDtpfudkwkdYtm; ckd;&m
ygypnf;rsm;ESihftwl vuf&zrf;qD;EdkifcJhonf/
***
atmifbmavudk vTwfay;vkdufonf/ atmifbmavu jyefcgeD; aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymaewkef;

tbGm;BuD;wpfa,muf0ifvmonf/ pcef;rSL;u . . .
]]tar . . . bmjzpfvdkY vkdufvmwmvJ . . . }} [k ar;onf/ tbGm;BuD;u . . .
]]tnmu rif;OD;av;a&mufaevkdY vmac:wm . . . }} [k ajymNyD; atmifbmavbuf vSnfhonf/
atmifbmavrSm tHhMooGm;NyD; . . .
]][if . . . tarBuD;ygvm; . . . }}
35
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
vrf;jzwful;&mrSm olulnDcJhzl;aom tbGm;BuD;a':Muif jzpfaeav\/ tbGm;BuD;uvnf; atmif

bmavudk pl;pkdufMunfh&mrS vufarmif;udk 0rf;omtm;&qkyfudkifNyD; . . .
]]tvkd . . . rif; . . . [dkoli,fudk;uG,fh . . . }}
pcef;rSL;rSm rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;NyD; . . .
]]olu . . . olu tareJYvnf; odw,f . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
tbGm;BuD;u . . .
]][kwfygh . . . tar wpfcgajymzl;yga&mvm; . . . vrf;jzwful;wJhtaMumif; . . . tJ'g 'Doli,f
aygh . . . tr,f . . . ckrSowd&w,f . . . tarhtwGuf 'PfaiGaqmifzkdY olpkdufay;cJhwJh aiGESpf&mawmif
jyefray;&ao;bl; . . . [Jh . . . rif;rSm aiGESpf&mSd&if olYukday;vdkufprf; . . . }}
]]Asm . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . aiGESpf&may;vdkufygvdkY . . . }}
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh . . . }}
pcef;rSL;u atmifbmavudk wpf&mwefESpfGuf xkwfay;onf/ atmifbmavu jiif;onf/
tbGm;BuD;u tdwfxJtwif;xnfhay;&onf/ atmifbmavxGufoGm;NyD;aemuf pcef;rSL;u a&Gwfonf/
]]'Dvdk w&m;cHrsdK; wpfcgrS rBuHKbl;aygifAsm . . . }}
onfavmufESihfrNyD;ao;/ OD;cspfxl;rSm [kdwpfcguwnf;u atmifbmavaMumifh q,fodef;qk
aygufNyD;NyD/ tckvnf; atmifbmav ulnDazmfxkwfay;vdkY w&m;cHawGrdNyD; tckd;cH&wJhypnf;awG jyef&
onf/
xkdYaMumifh atmifbmavudk tvGefaus;Zl;wifrd\/ [dkwpfcg tdrfudk vmvnfzkdYzdwfaomfvnf;
ra&mufjzpfcJh/ onfwpfcgawmh rvmrjzpfvm&rnfqkdNyD; tdrfac:taumif;qHk; jyKpkauR;arG;onf/ atmif
bmavrSm xkdtdrfrSmwif wpfcgwnf;aezkdYtxd jzpfvm\/ taMumif;rSm OD;cspfxl;\orD;uav;onf
tvGefvSyaomaMumifhyif jzpfownf;/
(idktm;ESifh &,ftm;pmtkyf
1996? ZGef)
36
bkef;BuD;yg;pyf
pmcsq&mawmf OD;vuFm ajymwmMum;zl;w,f/ OD;vuFmqdkwmu usKyfwdkY zdrfhzdrhfwkefatmif
aMumufcJh&wJh udk,fawmfaygh/ usKyfwkdYwGifruygbl;/ 'um'umrawGvnf; aMumufMu&wmygyJ/
oluvkdufvdkufavsmavsm tm;emyg;em vkyfwwfwmr[kwfbl;/ pdwfrxif&if rxifovkd ajymcs
vdkufwm/ 'um? 'umrawGrSmvnf; vSLvnf; vSL&ao;? tqltBudrf;vnf; cH&ao;qkdawmh usKyfwkdY
awmif Mum;xJu rsufESmyl&w,f/ olwkdYuvnf; olwkdYyJ/ vSLwmu wpfaxmifzdk; yumoevkyfcsifwmu
ig;axmifzkd;qkdawmh OD;vuFmyg;pyfeJY awGYua&maygh/
wpfcgu OD;vuFm&JUausmif;rSm SifjyK&[ef;cHyGJvkyfw,f/ tvSLxajrmufNyD;vkdY a&pufcswJhtcsdef
rSmyJ "mwfyHkq&meJY OD;vuFmawGYawmhwmygyJ/
"mwfyHkq&mqkdwJh'umuvnf; enf;enf;uJwmawmh trSefyJ/ tvSLtwef;wpfavQmufvHk;rSm dkuf
vdkufwJh"mwfyHkqkdwm olYuifr&mu wzsyfzsyfrD;vif;aewmrsm; rkd;wGif;jyefa&mufvdkY vQyfpD;vufaeovm;
atmufarh&w,f/ Sifavmif;vSnhfwJhtcsdef? auR;arG;wJhtcsdef kdufwmuxm;awmh/ a&pufcs w&m;a[mwJh
tcsdefrSmyg olu vufpGrf;jyaejyefwmukd;/
trSwfw&jzpfHk wpfyHkESpfyHkqkdudprSd/ ckawmh zvifb,favmufaygaew,f rqkdEkdifbl;/ [kdaxmihf
u vSnhfkdufvkduf? 'Daxmifhu vSnhfdkufvdkuf w&m;emaewJh vlawGMum;xJ 0ifdkuf&if; wcsKdUvlawGudk
cvkwfwdkufrdvkdwdkufrd/
OD;vuFmvnf; w&m;a[maewkef;qkdawmh bmrSawmhrajymbl;/ wpfcsufwpfcsuf vSnfhMunfhwm
awmh awGY&w,f/ xkd'umuawmh bmrSrodbl;/ a&pufcsNyD;vkdY OD;vuFmu tvSLSifawGudk tmvmy
fyHk
kdufr,fvnf;vkyfa&m . . .
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]a[h 'um. . . usKyfu bkef;BuD;Asaemf. . . kyfSifrif;om;r[kwfbl;. . . }} vkdY yufceJajymvdkufwm

"mwfyHkq&mvnf; aMumufaMumufvefYvefY a,mifa,mifuef;uef;eJY . . . ]]aqm&D;yg bk&m; . . . }} vkdY
ajymNyD; wpfcsKd;wnf; vpfajy;awmhwmaygh/ q&mawmfOD;vuFmu olYausmif;rSm tvSLvkyf&if toHcsJUpufeJY
oDcsif;zGifhwmwkdY? tNidrfhawG qkdif;0dkif;awG xnfhwmwkdY rBudKufbl;/
ausmif;rSmvmvkyfwJh tvSLwpfcktaMumif;owd&ao;w,f/ tvSLSifu OD;vuFm&JUwynfh&if;wpf
a,mufyJ/ olu tvSLrSm qkdif;0dkif;xnfhyg&apvkdY r&Jw&JavQmufawmh OD;vuFmu wpfcGef;wnf;yJ/
]]usKyf yJGuefxkdufr[kwfbl; . . .}} . . . wJh/ tJonf'umvnf; aemufxyfravQmuf&JwmeJY
usKyfudkvmNyD; tyluyfw,f/ q&mawmfudk ajymay;ygOD;aygh/ tJonftcsdefrSm usKyfu 0guav;vnf;
enf;enf;&vm? oGufoGufvufvuf xufxufjrufjrufSdvkdYqkdNyD; OD;vuFmuvnf; enf;enf;
ta&;ay;xm;wJholqdkawmh tm;udk;Smwmayghav/
usKyfvnf; Mum;xJrSm tcufawGYwmaygh/ onfudp OD;vuFmudk b,fvdkrSavQmufvdkY&rSmr[kwfbl;
qkdwmodw,f/ xyfajym&ifvnf; usKyfyg tqltBudrf;cH&rSm/ wpfzufu Munfhjyefawmhvnf; tJonf
'umu ausmif;twGuf tawmf&uf&ufa&ma&m vSLxm;wJh yk*dKvfjzpfaew,f/ oluvnf; olYtvSLudk
crf;crf;em;em;av; vkyfcsifSmrSmaygh/
onfawmh usKyfvnf; aemufrS ql&ifBudrf;&ifvnf; cHvkdufawmhr,fqkdNyD; tpDtpOfwpfck vkyf
vkduf&w,f/ tvSLudk ausmif;0if;xJrSm vkyfckdif;NyD; qkdif;0dkif;udkawmh ausmif;jyifu uGufvyfxJrSm xm;
ckdif;vdkufw,f/ q&mawmfpum;vnf; y,fSm;&mra&mufatmif? tvSLSifvnf; auseyfatmif 0denf;vGwf
vkyfvdkuf&wmyJ/
tvSLvkyfaewJhtcdkufrSm [dk'umuawmh olYtvdkjynfhvkdY NyHK;waysmfaysmfaygh/ usKyfrSmawmh &ifw
xdwfxdwfeJY/ q&mawmfrsm; bmajymvdkufrvJvkdY pkd;&drfvdkuf&wm/ awmfygao;&JU/ rsufESmxm;wif;wif;
BuD;eJY wpfcsufwpfcsuf vSrf;MunfhwmuvGJvkdY bmrSrdefYawmfrrlayvdkYomayghAsm/
***
usKyfwkdYu tJonfvkd q&mawmfrsdK;vufatmufrSm aevmchJ&wmqdkawmh (t&yfpum;eJYajym&&if)

tydk;usdK;cJhw,f qkd&ayvdrfhr,f/
OD;vuFmausmif;rSm pmoifom;tjzpfae&w,fqdkwm vG,fw,frsm;rSwfaeovm;/ cyfacsmifacsmif
ae&pm;&r,frSwfvdkY 0ifvm&ifvlqkd&ifawmh oHk;av;&ufavmufeJY vlxGufNyD; ajy;rSmtrSefyJ/
pmoifom;awG&JU wpfae.wm tcsdefZ,m;ukd MunhfOD;/
reufig;em&Dx? bk&m;Sdcdk;? tkPfqGrf;pm;? ajcmufem&Du Spfem&Dxd reufydkif; pm0gwuf? NyD;&if
a&csdK;? qGrf;cHxGuf? q,fhwpfem&D qGrf;pm;? q,fhESpfem&Du wpfem&Dxd em;aeusdef;puf? wpfem&Du av;
em&Dxd aeYv,fpm0gwuf? pmusuf? av;em&Du ajcmufem&Dxda&csdK;? pBuavQmuf? ajcmufem&Du udk;em&D
xd nydkif; pm0gwuf pmusuf? nudk;em&D bk&m;Sdckd; usdef;pufzkdY tdyf&m0if? OykofaeYwkdif; ausmif;
oefYSif;a&;vkyf/ we*FaEG eHeufav;em&Dx tkPfqGrf;cHxGuf? wpfywfpm oifxm;wJhpmawG EIwfwkduf
tm*Hkjyef/
38
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
udkif; . . . pdwfavvGifhzkdY tcsdefr&atmif b,favmuf tuGufaphaph pDpOfxm;w,fqdkwm awGYNyD

r[kwfvm;/ ausmif;xJrSm aewmxkdifwm? pm;wmaomufwm? vrf;avQmufwm ouFef;Hkwmutp pnf;
ESihfurf;ESihfjzpfatmif tpOfMuyfrwfaewmuvm;/
reuf qGrf;cHxGufcgeD; ouFef;HkNyD;&if q&mawmf OD;vuFmaSUrSm wef;pDNyD; &yfMu&w,f/ OD;
vuFmu wpfyg;csif; aoaocsmcsmvdkufppfaq;aewmrsm; AdkvfcsKyfBuD;wpfa,muf wyfudk vkdufppfaq;ae
wmusaewmyJ/ [kdkudk,fawmfu ouFef;Hkwm GJUapmif;aew,f/ onfudk,fawmfuawmh oif;ydkif0wfwm
wdkvGef;w,f? [kdbufuudk,fawmfuawmh ajcrsufpdzHk;aeNyD ponfjzifhaygh/
OD;vuFmu rMumcPrdefYavhSdw,f/
]]udk,fawmfwkdYudk 'um 'umrawGu olwkdYpm;r,fh xrif;[if;xJu z,fNyD; OD;OD;zsm;zsm;avmif;
vSLwm ES,fES,f&&apwemo'gw&m;r[kwfbl; . . . 'Dawmh udk,fuvJ vlMunfndKatmif odumSdSd ao
ao0yf0yf aewwfxkdifwwf&r,f . . . }}
wcsKdUudk,fawmfawGu qGrf;cH<uwJhtcg ouFef;ta[mif;tpkwfudkyJ HkcsifMuw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ
qdkawmhum qGrf;cHxGufw,fqkdwmu aeyl&if acR;wGJGJr[kwfvm;/ tdrfBudKtdrfMum;0if&? THUAGufxJoGm;&
awmh pkwfrSmNyJrSm THUpifrSmpdk;Muwmudk;/ ouFef;taumif;udk tvSLoGm;rS 0wfcsifMuwm/
tJ'gESifhywfoufNyD; OD;vuFmu . . .
]]BuD;BuD;us,fus,fvSLrS tvSLvdkY xifaeMuovm; . . . aeYpOfaeYwkdif; 0wfrysuf qGrf;avmif;
wmuaum tvSL r[kwfbl;vm; . . . olYwdkY[m aeYwkdif; tvSLvkyfaeMuwJhvlawG r[kwfvm; . . . }} vdkY
qdkw,f/ qGrf;cH<uwJhtcg a[mif;EGrf;pkwfjywfaewJh ouFef;ESifhqkd&if tMunfndKysufp&mjzpfr,f/
'um'umrawGudk rav;rpm;vkyf&musr,fqkdNyD; cyfvwfvwf ouFef;awGudk oyfoyf&yf&yfHkcdkif;w,f/
]]udk,fawmfwkdYu bmodvkdYvJ . . . bkef;BuD;rSm teHYSdw,fuGJY . . . }} vkdY OD;vuFmu ajymao;
w,f/ usKyfwdkYvnf; tpuawmhtrSwfwrJhyJ/ olajymrS owdxm;rdawmhw,f/ [kwfawmhvnf; t[kwf
om;As/ usKyfwkdYbkef;BuD;qkdwm vlawG tust0wftpm; cPcPvJovdk vJvdkY&wmr[kwfbl;/
'ghtjyif ouFef;qdkwmuvnf; ykqkd;vdk yg;yg;vSyfvSyf ao;ao;auG;auG;r[kwfbl;/ tom;ucyf
ydef;ydef;? tem;awGrSm xyfacgufNyD; csKyfxm;wm Sdao;w,f/ jzefYvdkuf&if tnmapmifwpfxnfpmavmuf
Sdwmudk;/ oif;ykdifESihf {uoD ESpfckaygif;vkdufawmh apmifwpfxnfudkywfNyD; apmifwpfxnfudk NcHKxm;&o
vdk jzpfraeaybl;vm;/ onfawmh bkef;BuD;awG[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh acR;wpdkpdkSdwwfwmayghAsm/
wpfcg . . . onfavmufBuD;wJh ouFef;awGudk rMumcP avQmfzkdYqkdwmu rvG,faybl;/ qyfjym
rwwfEkdifwm? tcsdefr&wmu wpfaMumif;? awmfawmfESihf ajcmufzkdYrvG,fwmuwpfaMumif;aMumifh 0wf
xm;wJhouFef;udk acR;ajcmufatmif? aoGYatmif vTm;HkvTm;xm;&w,f/ aeESifhavESihf avQmfwJhoabmaygh/
wpfxnfudk vTm;xm;? wpfxnfudk 0wf? aemufwpfaeYusawmh 0wfxm;wmudkvTm;NyD; vTm;xm;wmudkjyef
0wf? oHo&mvnfaewmaygh/
acR;qkdwmrsdK;uvnf; ajcmufoGm;ayr,fh teHYuawmh usefcJhw,fr[kwfvm;/ ouFef;a[mif;udk
jyefHk&wJhtcg tJonfacR;eHYESifh aemufxyfxGufwJh acR;opfaygif;NyD; xGufvmwJhteHY[m bkef;BuD;eHYyJuGvkdY
OD;vuFmu okyfcJGjyav&JU/ [kwfvnf;[kwfygh/ rkd;tcgrsm;qkd&if ouFef;u xkdif;aeawmh ydkodomw,f/
39
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
usKyfwkdYbkef;BuD;qkdwmuvnf; vlawGvdk udk,fvdrf;aygif'gwkdY? udk,feHYaysmufaq;wkdY vdrf;vkdY zsef;

vdkYjzpfwmrS r[kwfyJudk;/ 'gaMumifh ouFef;awGudk wwfEdkiforQ oefYoefYSif;Sif;xm;? oHk;av;&ufwpfcg
avmuf avQmfMu&w,f/
ouFef;qdkvdkY ajymp&mwpfck owd&vmjyefNyD/
wu,fawmh ouFef;qdkwm bkef;BuD;awGom 0wf& Hk&wmjzpfayr,fh vlawGu 0,fNyD; uyf& wm
r[kwfvm;/ ouFef;taMumif;udk bkef;BuD;uem;vnfw,f/ odkYayr,fh udk,fh[mudk,f oGm;0,f&avh
rSdbl;/ vlawGuawmh ouFef;taMumif; bmrSrodbl;/ odkYayr,fh bkef;BuD;uyfzkdY oGm;0,fMu&w,f/ tJh'D
tcsufudk tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; 0doravmborm;awGu tjrwfxkwfwwffMuw,f/
b,fvkdvnf;qkdawmhum . . .
wpfcsKdUu ouFef;ukdcsKyfwJhtcg 0denf;eJYtnDrcsKyfbl;/ csKyfdk;uGufawG yg&ifNyD;a&mqkdNyD; jzpfovkd
csKyfxm;wwfMuw,f/
wpfcsKdUusawmh wkdufaqG; ydwftaygpm;awGudk aps;acsmifacsmifeJY0,f? aq;qkd;? aumfuyf? rD;yl
wdkuf ususee acgufNyD; yvwfpwpftdwfxJxnfh? uyfxlbl;awG bmawGeJYqkdawmh 'um 'umrawGu
vnf; taumif;pm;awGqkdNyD; 0,f,lMuwmaygh/ tJhonfouFef;rsdK;u wpfcgavQmfvdkufwmeJY aq;awGuGuf
NyD; rGJajcmufajcmufjzpfoGm;? oHk;av;cgavQmfNyD;&if &dNyD; pkwfNyJukefa&m/
oHCmawmfwkdif; wnDwnGwfwnf; ESpfoufvufcHMuwmuawmh jynfolydkifpufHkuxkwfwJh ,yf
wHqdyfouFef;ygyJ/ aq;a&mifcdkifw,f/ MumSnfcHw,f/ ayghyg;w,f/ wpfckSdwmu ,yfwHqdyfouFef;udk
vdkoavmuf tvG,fwul 0,fvdkYr&wmyJ/ tjyifrSmusawmhvnf; aps;BuD;w,f/ wcsKdU 'um? 'umrawG
u aps;BuD;&ifBuD;yapqkdNyD; 0,fvSLjyefawmhvnf; wpfcgwpfav twkeJYrdwwfao;w,f/
twkvkyfwJholawGuvnf; awmfygh/ azmif;<u tom;wHqdyfawGbmawGeJY oyfoyf&yf&yf vkyfMu
wmyJ/ 'ghtjyif bkef;BuD;aqmif;xD;tGufudk puLeJYvkyfNyD; ta&mifwifqDwifxm;wmuvnf; Sdao;/ rkd;
GmxJ wpfcgavmufaqmif;NyD;w,fqkd&ifyJ aysmhzwfukefawmhwmaygh/
tdrf; . . . w,fvnf; tukokdvfBuD;wmygvm;aemf? vSL&wJhvlawGrSmvnf; aiGukef&usdK;reyf?
tvSLcH&wJh yk*dKvfawGrSmvnf; pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf&? olwkdYrdkY i&JraMumufbmraMumuf vkyf&Jyavw,f
Asm/
'gaMumifhvnf; odumdSwJh ouFef;wdkufBuD;awGu ]0denf;"dk&fESifhtnD csKyfvkyfxm;ygonf} vkdY tm
rcHNyD; a&mif;aeMu&wmyJ/ onfvkd ormtmZD0eJYvkyfwJh vlrsdK;awGSdayvkdY awmfao;wmaygh/
onfae&mrSm ouFef;uyfvSLjcif;eJY ywfoufNyD; enf;enf;awmh ajymcsifao;w,fAs/ vlawG em;
vnfxm;wmu 0gqkdouFef;qkd&if 0gqkdvjynfhaeYrwkdifcif uyf&r,f/ uxdefouFef;u oDwif;uRwf
vjynfhausmf wpf&ufuae wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYtxd twGif;rSmuyf&r,f/ onfvkdukd;/
ouFef;uyfvSL&jcif;&JU taMumif;&if;awGu &[ef;wpfyg;[m 0g0ifNyDqkdwmeJY a&muf&mt&yfu
ausmif;ocFrf;wpfckrSm 0gqdk&w,f/ 0gwGif;umvrSm t&yfwpfyg;udk ajymif;aTUvdkYr&bl;/ 0gwGif;umvqkd
wm rdk;Owkumvqkdawmh rdk;pdk&if vJzkdY? 0gwGif;rSm 0wfzkdY ouFef;vdkvmNyD/ tJonftwGuf uyfvSLwJh
ouFef;udk 0gqdkouFef;vkdY ac:w,f/
40
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
ukdif; . . . bkef;BuD;rsm; w,fvDaA;Sif;aum Munfhoihfovm;wJh/ 'gawmh ajym&cufom;uvm;/

w,fvDaA;Sif;qkdwm azsmfajzrIwpfckwnf;r[kwfbl;/ odoifhodxkdufwJhowif;awG? A[kokwjzpfp&mawG
vnf; ygao;wmudk;/ tJ . . . EkdifiHjcm;Zmwfvrf;awGxJrSm wpfcgwpfcg udk;kd;um;&m;awGygwmvnf; Sd
awmhSdwmaygh/
onfawmh MunhfoifhMunfhxkdufwmav;awG aG;Munhf&if tmywfroifhbl;xifwmyJ/ jyorQ
tukefMunfhr,fqdk&ifawmh tif; . . . / cufwmu jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmfu w,fvDaA;Sif;qkdwm
vnf; ray:ao;awmh tJ'geJYywfoufvdkY b,fvkdrS ynwfrIrSdcJhaybl;aygh/ usKyfvnf; w,fvDaA;Sif;udk
Munfhawmh Munfhzl;ygw,f/ reufqGrf;cHxGufwJhtcsdefeJY jr0wDkyfjrifoHMum;jywJhtcsdefu tHudkufyJudk;/
onfawmh qGrf;cGufoGm;xnfhaewkef; tdrfaSUcef;rSm xkdifapmihf&if; waphwapmif; Munfhzl;yg&JU/ wpfcgwpf
cg jyaewJhtpDtpOfu pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aewkef; usKyfu qGrf;cHzkdYa&mufoGm;a&m/ onftcgrSm tar
vkyfwJhvlu . . .
]][Jh . . . orD;BuD; . . . bkef;bkef;qGrf;cH<uvmw,f . . . }} vkdY wDADuae rsufESmrvTJyJ vSrf;
ajymw,f/ orD;BuD;u wpfcg . . .
]]nDrav; . . . qGrf;[if;cGufoGm;,lacs . . . }} vkdY wm0efvTJ? nDru . . .
]]tr,f . . . rr oGm;,lygvm; . . . cgwdkif; rryJ qGrf;avmif;aeusyJ[m . . . }}
qkdNyD; wGufuyfaeMuawmh tazvkyfwJhvlu a'gojzpfNyD; xBudrf;a&m/
]]jznf;jznf;aygh 'umBuD;&m . . . &ygw,f . . . }} vdkY usKyfuajym&w,f/ usKyfuvnf; jyae
wJhtpDtpOfudk enf;enf;pdwf0ifpm;NyD; MunfhcsifcsifjzpfoGm;wmudk;/ jyaewmu oEdoD'gqdkwJhZmwf/
taemf&xmwkdY Sift[HwkdY taMumif;qkdawmh pdwf0ifpm;rdwmaygh/
w,fvDaA;Sif;udk usKyf aoaocsmcsm tptqHk;Munfhzl;&wmu 'umBuD;OD;okc&JU aus;Zl;aMumifh
yJ/ OD;okcdkufwJh &[ef;pm;&aomqGrf;wpfeyfqkdwJh Zmwfvrf;u w,fvlajymrsm;wmyJ/
yxrwpfcgjywkef;u Munfhvkduf&wJhvlawG usKyfqDvmNyD; Zmwfvrf;taMumif;ajymMu/ ar;Mu
jref;Muaygh/ aemufxyfcgxyfcgjywJhtcgusawmh bkef;BuD;avmurSmawmif 'DZmwfum;rSrMunfhzl;&if acwf
rrSDovdkjzpfvmawmhwmudk;/ bkef;BuD;awG pkrdwJhtcg tJonftaMumif; ajymMuqkdMu aqG;aEG;Mua&m/
rMunfh&wJh udk,fawmfawGu yg;pyfta[mif;om;eJY ab;u em;axmifHkoufouf jzpfvmw,f/
onfawmh rjzpfacsygbl;qkdNyD; 'um&if;wpfa,mufudk tyluyf&w,f/ uHaumif;csifawmh tJonf
Zmwfum; 'kwd,wpfcgjywkef;u ul;,lxm;vkdY olYrSm SdygowJh/ 'geJY wpf&ufawmh tJh'D'umtdrfoGm;NyD;
Munfhvkduf&w,f/
tdrf; . . . ajymr,fqkdvnf; ajymavmufp&mayyJudk;/ tifrwef &nf&G,fcsufaumif;rGefwJh Zmwf
um;ygyJ/ OD;okcudkvnf; aus;Zl;wifcsD;rGrf;xkdufygw,f/ tJonfZmwfum;aMumifh vlawGu &[ef;oHCm
awmfawGudk ydkNyD; MunfndKav;pm;&aumif;rSef; odvmMuw,f/ tJ . . . bkef;BuD;awGtaeeJYvnf; vl
MunfndKatmif aewwfxkdifwwf&r,fqkdwm owdjyKrdapw,f/
a[mAsm . . . uxdeftaMumif;ajym&if;uae b,fhES,f w,fvDaA;Sif;taMumif; a&mufoGm;rSef;
rodygbl;/ tJ'gajymwmaygh/ bkef;BuD;yg;pyfqkdwm b&dwfSdwm r[kwfbl;vkdY/
42
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
bkef;BuD;qkdwm onfvkdyJAs/ vlawGvdk rdom;pkeJY 0dkif;zJGYpum;ajymwmrsdK;wkdY? rdwfaqGo*F[awGeJY

vufzuf&nfqkdifxdkifpum;ajymwmwkdY vkyfcGifhr&awmh BuHKBudKufvkdY pum;ajymazmf&NyDqdkwmeJY pdwful;rdorQ
avQmufajymcsawmhwmyJ/
wpfcgwpfcgusawmh cGususawGawmifjzpf&w,f/ usKyfwkdY pmoifom;b0u wpfcgBuHKzl;w,f/
tokb&ufvnfqGrf;auR;zdwfxm;wm Sdw,f/ q&mawmfOD;vuFmu olYr,fawmfBuD;aeraumif;vkdY Gmukd
cPjyef<uoGm;w,f/ onfawmh vufaxmufudk,fawmfwpfyg;u OD;aqmifNyD; qGrf;pm;<uMuw,f/ usKyf
uawmh yOif;ysdKav;qkdawmh aemufvdkuftjzpf ygoGm;wmaygh/
tJonfvufaxmufukd,fawmfuvnf; w&m;ra[m&wmMumvkdY tcGifhta&;&ckduf tm;&yg;&a[m
r,fvkdY tm;cJxm;wmxifyg&JU/ a&pufcsw&m;udka[mvkdufwm a&pufcGufukefvdkYvnf;rNyD;EkdifvkdY atmufcH
cGufxJua&udk a&pufcGufxJ jyefxnfh&wmaygh/ tvSLSifrdef;rcrsmvnf; . . . ]]udkb,fola& . . .trQ . .
. trQ . . . trQ . . . }} vkdYatmfNyD; csHK;yJGcscsifvSNyDjzpfayr,fh w&m;u rcsEkdifao;vdkY atmifhxm;&Sm w,f/
ajym&if;qkd&if; usKyfvnf;pum;aMum&SnfoGm;rdjyefNyD/ rxl;ygbl;/ ajymvufpESihf ajym&awmhrSmyJ/
usKyfpdwfxJ rwifrusjzpfaewmav;wpfck SdoAs/ vufywfem&Dudpaygh/ oHCmawmfawG[m
vufywfem&DywfcGifh rSdbl;av/ oHCmawmfrsm; vuf0wf&wemr0wf&qkdwJh ynwfcsufxJrSm vufywf
em&Daum ygoGm;cJhwmyJ/ wu,fawmh vufywfem&Dqkdwm tvSty tqifwefqm ypnf;r[kwfygbl;/
tcsdefem&Dod&zkdYtwGuf toHk;0ifwJh rSdrjzpfvkdtyfwJhypnf;wpfckyg/
c&D;oGm;wJhtcg rGef;rwnfhrD qGrf;uGrf;udpaqmifGufzkdY em&Du vkdw,fr[kwfvm;/ vufrSmywf
vkdYrjzpfawmh tdwfxJaqmifxm;&wmaygh/ onfvkdESihf tdwfaqmifem&Dav;awGudk bkef;BuD;em&DvkdYawmif
trnfwGifac:cJhMuao;w,f/
ckcgrSm tJh'Dbkef;BuD;em&DawGvnf; Sm;vmNyD/ qkdifwkdif;rSm tvG,fwul0,fvkYd r&awmhbl;/ wpf
csKdUqkdifawGrSm Sm;Sm;yg;yg;awGYjyefawmhvnf; aps;BuD;w,f/
vufywfem&Dqkdwm y&du&mSpfyg;xJ rygawmhvnf; cufom;aygh/ tdrf; . . . rsufrSefawmh wyf
cGifh&xm;ayvkdY awmfao;w,f/
udkif; . . . udkif; . . . uxdeftaMumif; jyefqufMuOD;pkdY/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmfvkdY uxdefyGJ
awGNyD;NyDqkdrSjzihf usKyfwkdY tvkyfIyf&wm wpfckSdw,f/ ya'omyifvkyfxm;wJh aiGpuLawGudk jyefjzKwf&wJh
udpygyJ/
vSLwJhvlawGuvnf; olwkdY&JU ya'omyifuav;udk vSvSyyjzpfapcsifMuwmaygh/ 'grS uxdef
vSnfhwJhtcg om;om;em;em;jzpfr,ffr[kwfvm;/ onfawmh aiGpuLawGeJY qifkyfawGvkyf? e*g;kyfawGvkyf?
Nyom'fyHkawGvkyf? vSr,fxifwJhyHkpHrsdK;pHk tNydKiftqkdifvkyfMua&m/
uxdefyJGNyD;vkdY ya'omyifawG usKyfwkdYausmif; a&mufvmwJhtcg usKyfwkdYvnf; tvkyfIyfa&mAsm;/
bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh wcsKdUu aiGpuLawGudk tyfcsKyfpufeJYwJGcsKyfxm;Muwmudk;/ onfawmhum tyfcsnf
BudK;awGjzKwf&wm tvkyfwpfck/
wpfcsKdUusawmhvnf; tkyfawGvkyf&mrSm cdkifcHhatmif aumfeJYuyfxm;Muw,f/ onftwkdif;qJGcGm&if
aiGpuLawGNyJpkwfukefrSmpkd;vkdY a&pdrfxm;&ao;w,f/ aumfawGaysmfukefNyDqkdrS tomqJGcGm? aumft<uif;t
43
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
usefukefatmif aq;NyD;rS tajcmufcHxm;&w,f/ ajcmufoGm;awmhvnf; aiGpuLawGu wGefYwGefYvdyfvdyfjzpf

aewwfvkdY pmtkyfxlxlMum;rSm nyfzdxm;&w,f/
aemufwpfckuawmh uxdefumvNyD;umprSm usKyfwkdYbkef;BuD;ausmif;awGqDudk wpfausmif;NyD;wpf
ausmif;vSnfhNyD; . . . ]]ouFef;jyefa&mif;zkdYSdovm; bk&m; . . . }} vkdY vdkdufar;avQmufwJhvlawG a&mufvm
wwfwJhudpyJ/
uxdefrSm tuyfcHxm;&wJhouFef;awGudk jyefaumufwJholawGaygh/ aumufNyD; b,fqkdifawGoGm;jyef
oGif;ovJawmh rajymwwfbl;/
wpfcsKdUausmif;awGu uxdefumvrSmouFef;awG vdkwmxufydkNyD;&w,f/ 'gayr,fh ausmif;u pm
oifom;awGtwGuf pmtkyfwdkY? pma&;ud&d,mwkdY? ausmif;rSm ckdvHIaewJh bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;av;awG&JU pm;
0wfaea&;wkdYtwGufusawmh rjynfhrpHkjzpfaew,f/ onfawmh ydkaewJhouFef;awGudkjyefa&mif;NyD; vdktyfwJh
pmtkyf? pma&;ud&d,m? qef? qD? qm;? tmvl;? ig;ajcmufpwJhypnf;awG jyef0,f&w,f/ onf
tcsufudkodaewJhvlawGu ausmif;wdkufwumvSnfhNyD; ouFef;vdkufaumufMuwmyJaygh/ usKyfwkdYq&m OD;
vuFmwkdYvdk q&mawmfrsdK;awGeJYawGY&ifawmh tJonfvlawGudk . . . ]]usKyf ouFef;yJGpm;r[kwfbl; . . . }} vkdY
ajymvTwfrSmaocsmw,f/
ouFef;qkdwm jyefa&mif;tyfwJhypnf; [kwfr[kwfqkdwmawmh ajym&cufw,f/ uxdefouFef;qdkwm
uvnf; yk*dKvfudktpJGjyKNyD; vSL&wmrsdK;r[kwfbl;/ oHCduypnf;tjzpf &nfpl;NyD; vSL&wmrsdK;yJ/ 'ghtjyif
ouFef;awGudk tjrwftpGef;tvkdYiSm jyefa&mif;jcif;r[kwfyJ y&d,wdudptwGuf toHk;jyKzkdYom &nfG,fjcif;
jzpfwJhtwGuf tjypfawmh rSdwefaumif;bl;vkdY ,lq&wmyJav/
q&mawmfOD;vuFmwkdYvdk wdwdususvdkufemapmifhxdef;wJh q&mawmfBuD;awGvnf; trsm;tjym;Sdyg
w,f/
usLyfwkdYuawmh acwfbkef;BuD;vkdY qdk&rvm;rod/ y"meuswJh 0denf;odumyk'fawGudk wdwdusus
vkdufemw,f/ omreftao;tzJGuav;awGusjyefawmh tajctaet& vkdwkd;ydkavQmh vkyf&wmaygh/
acwfuajymif;aewm r[kwfvm;As/ Oyrm bkef;BuD;&[ef;rsm;[m ydkufqHaiGaMu;udk udkifwG,foHk;
pJGjcif;rjyK&bl;vkdY ynwfcsufSdw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; bkef;BuD;udk aiGvSLwJhtcgrSm bkef;BuD;&JUvufeJY aiG
puLrxd&atmif pmtdwfxJxnfhay;xm;&w,f/
vSLwJhyk*dK vfu wpfpHkwpfcktwGuf &nfpl;NyD;vSL&if tJonf&nfpl;csuftwGufyJ oHk;cGihfSdw,f/
]]ausmif;jyifzkdYtwGufygbk&m; . . . }} vkdYajymvSL&if ausmif;jyif&mrSmyJoHk;&w,f/ ]]ouFef;wpfpHktwGufyg
bk&m; . . .}} qkd&ifvnf; xkdYtwlyJ/ wjcm;udpoHk;vdkYr&bl;/ ]]e0urygbk&m; . . . }} vkdY ajymNyD;vSL&if
awmh vdk&moHk;vdkY&w,f/
aumif;NyD/ tvSLaiGvufcH&mrSm vufeJYrxdatmif ,lvkdY&NyD/ wcsKdU rodem;rvnfvdkY 0wKudk pm
tdwfeJYrxnfhyJuyf&ifawmif bkef;BuD;u ,yfawmifuav;xkd;cHvkdufvkdY &ao;w,f/
tJonfaiGudk jyefoHk;NyDqdkwJhtcgusawmh rukdifcsifvkdYr&awmhbl;/ Oyrm usKyfu udp SdvkdY tiSm;
um;wpfpif; iSm;vkdufw,fqkdygawmh/ b,favmufay;&rvJ ar;wJhtcg um;'umu . . . ]]wpf&mhig;
q,fyJ pGefYygbk&m; . . . }} vkdYajymNyDAsm/ aiGwpf&mhig;q,fudk pmtdwfxJxnfhNyD; olYudkay;&rvm;/ acgif;
udkufvkdY uGrf;,mqkdifrSm yg&mpDwarm 0,fNyDqkdygawmh/ wpfvHk;ESpfusyfudk pmtdwfxJxnfhay;&rvm;/
44
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
b,fjzpfrvJ/ 'grsdK;usawmh aiGudk udkifwG,f&awmhwmygyJ/ pdwfxJrSif;&if nusrS tmywfajz

awmhaygh/ q&mawmfBuD;awGuawmh uyd,udk aiGudkifckdif;w,f/ tvkdSd&mudk uyd,uyJ 0,fjcrf;ay;&
w,f/
usKyfwkdYuawmh onfavmufvnf; bkef;uHSdwmr[kwfbl;/ ae&mwumwkdif;vnf; uyd,udk b,f
ac:oGm;EkdifyghrvJ/ aemufwpfcku bkef;BuD;&[ef;rsm;[m rmwk*greJYtwl wpfrkd;atmufrSm usdef;pufjcif;
rjyK&vkdY qkdxm;ayr,fh c&D;oGm;wJhtcg wpfcgwav wnf;ckdcef;rSm 0ifwnf;oifhwnf;&wmygyJ/
NyD;awmhwpfcg NrdKUxJrSmSdwJhwkdufcef;wpfcef;u qGrf;pm;zdwfw,fqkdygpdkY/ tJonfwkdufcef;uvnf;
Spfxyfwdkuf&JU atmufqHk;ajrnDxyfjzpfaew,fqkdygpkdY/ tJonftcef;&JUtay:rSm tjcm;tcef;aygif; ckepf
cef;Sdaew,f/ tJonftcef;awGrSm rdef;rawGSdaerSmtrSefyJ/ olwkdY&JUatmufrSm SdaewJhtcef;rdkY r0ifcsifbl;
qdkvdkY b,fjzpfyghrvJ/
tJonfvkdomwGufaMu;qkd&if tay:qHk;xyfwpfcef;wnf;rSmyJ bk&m;pifxm;&awmhrvkd jzpfae
rSmaygh/ NrdKUjyvlaerIpkduf&JU wkdufcef;usOf;uav;awGxJrSm bk&m;piftwGuf rarhravQmhyJ uwfuwfowf
owfae&may;xm;wmudkyJ aus;Zl;wif&ayOD;r,f/ onfawmh tay:xyfawG bmawGudk tmHkrxm;eJY/
a&mufaewJhtcef;&JU ydkifeuft0ef;t0dkif;udkom todtrSwfjyKNyD; tJonftcef;&JU tjrifhjrwfqHk;ae&mrSmom
pHjref;zkdY y"mexm;&awmhwmaygh/
acwfBuD;u ajymif;vJwdk;wufaew,f/ vlawGuvnf; acwfeJYtnD ajymif;vJaew,f/ usKyfwkdY
[m awmrSD&[ef;r[kwfawmh vlawGeJYuif;uGmNyD; aevkdYr&bl;/ onfawmh acwfeJYvnf; o[Zmwjzpf
atmif? 0denf;eJYvnf; nDnGwfatmif xdef;ausmif;aexkdifMu&wmyJ/ 'grSvnf; omoemawmfBuD; wnfwHh
jyefYyGm;r,f r[kwfvm;/
wu,fawmhvnf; bkef;BuD;eJYvlqkdwm wpfajrwnf;wpfa&wnf; qufpyfaexkdifMuNyD; tpOfxd
awGYqufqHrISdayr,fh pdkufobm0csif;u vHk;0wlwmr[kwfbl;As/ onfawmh wpfcgwpfcg bkef;BuD;eJYvl
Mum;rSm cGuswmav;awGjzpfwwfwmaygh/
ckcsdefrSm vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m bmoma&;udk vkdufpm;vmMuw,f/ tvSL'gejyKolawG aygrsm;
vmw,f/ 'g[m auseyf0rf;omp&mtcsufyJ/
odkYayr,fh wcsKdUvlawGrSm rodem;rvnfwmav;awG Sdaeao;w,f/ Oyrmqkdygawmh Sdckd;uefawmh
wJhudp/
vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m bk&m;ukdyJjzpfjzpf? bkef;BuD;&[ef;ukdyJjzpfjzpf? vlBuD;rdbq&morm;udkyJ
jzpfjzpf uefawmhwJhtcg vuftkyfcsDNyD; OD;oHk;BudrfcsvkdufNyD;a&m xifaeMuwm/
wu,fu xdjcif;ig;yg;eJY pepfwus Sdckd;uefawmhwwfzkdYvkdYw,f/ b,fvkdvJqkdawmh OD;pGm aqmihf
aMumifhxkdif&r,f/ 'l;ESpfzufudk aphxm;&r,f/ wHawmifudk 'l;ESpfzufeJYxdNyD; vuftkyfcsD&r,f/ vuftkyf
csD&mrSmvnf; vufacsmif;awG um;um;BuD;r[kwfbl;/ Mumzl;uav;rsm;vdk vufacsmif;awGudk aphNyD;pkxm;
oifhw,f/ vuftkyfcsDxm;wJh vufESpfzuf[m ezl;rSmxdae&r,f/
onfvkd taetxm;rSefNyDqkdrS vuf0g;udk Murf;jyifay:cs? NyD;awmh 'l;ESpfzufudk Murf;jyifay:cs? OD;
acgif;udknGwfNyD; Murf;jyifeJYxdatmif jym;jym;0yf&r,f/
45
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
onfae&mrSm wpfckowdxm;zkdYvkdw,f/ bkef;BuD;&[ef;rsm;udk Sdcdk;zdkY roifhawmfwJhtcgrsdK; Sdw,f

qkdwmygyJ/ bkef;BuD;wpfyg;[m taMumif;udpwpfckaMumifh jzpfap? a&csdK;aevdkYjzpfap cEmudk,frSm ouFef;
rSdyJ oif;ydkifrQom0wfxm;wJhtcsdefqkd&if tJonfbkef;BuD;udk rSdcdk;&bl;/
wpfcg zdeyfpD;xm;wJhbkef;awmfBuD;udkvnf; rSdckd;&bl;/ wcsKdUu rodvkdY vrf;rSm udk,fhq&mbkef;
BuD;udk awGYwJhtcg xkdifSdcdk;wwfMuw,f/ tJonftcgrSm bkef;BuD;[m pD;vmwJhzdeyfudkcRwfNyD; Sdcdk;cH&
w,f/
tcktcgrSm rm*"D-ompnf q&mawmfbk&m;u uav; oli,fawG ausmif;om;ausmif;olav;awG
udk Ak'bmom ,Ofaus;rIoifwef; zGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;NyD; pepfwus Sdcdk;uefawmhwwfMuwmjrif&awmh
usKyfjzifh tifrwef 0rf;omyDwdjzpfrdygw,f/
ajymr,fqkd&ifawmhtrsm;BuD;ayghAsm/ tvSLypnf;uyfvSLyHk? tvSLrcHtyfwJhypnf;? pm;oifhwJhqGrf;?
rpm;oifhwhJqGrf; ponfjzihf ajym&&ifqHk;rSmr[kwfbl;/
tckusKyfajymjycsifwmuawmh vlrsm;eJY xdawGYqufqH&mrSm cGususjzpfcJh&wJh taMumif;uav;rsm;
ygyJ/ tdrf; . . . bkef;BuD;rsm; pum;ajymNyDqkdawmhvnf; &yfvkdYr&awmhbJudk;uG,fhaemf/ onf;cHvufpeJY
qufem;axmifvdkufygOD;/
onfvkdAs/ usKyf[m q&mawmfOD;vuFmqDrSm wynfhvufaxmuftjzpf tawmfMumaecJhNyD; wpfaeY
oawmh q&mawmfu usKyfudkac:NyD; onfvkdrdefYoAs/
]]udk,fawmf[m wpfaeYrSm wdkuftkyfq&mawmftjzpf ighae&mudkqufcH&rSm . . . 'Dawmh tawGY
tBuHKtpHktvif&atmif ausmif;wpfausmif;rSmwpfESpfavmuf ausmif;oGm;xkdkifacs . . . }}
qkdNyD; Gmuav;wpfGmu ausmif;udk vTwfvkdufw,f/
Gmuav;u awmfawmfacgifw,f/ um;vrf;uaezJhqif;NyD; vSnf;eJYoGm;/ NyD;awmh wpfcg acsmif;
dk;twkdif; qefwufNyD;rS Gmudka&mufwm/
GmolGmom;awGu pdkufMurf;oa,mifxif&w,f/ trSefuawmh dk;om;yGifhvif;Muwmyg/ bkef;
BuD;udkawmh tifrwefdkaow,f/ tm;vnf;udk;Muw,f/ tppt&m&m bkef;BuD;udk wkdifyifavhSdMuw,f/
tvSLvkyfvkdY tNidrfhiSm;wmawmif . . . ]]bkef;bkef; . . . b,ftNidrfhBudKufovJ bk&m; . . . }} vkdY
vmar;Muwm/
]]'Dwpfcg aG;cs,fyGJvkyf&if OD;wkwfBuD;udk jyefraG;ygapeJYbk&m; . . . olu vkyftm;ay; cPcP
ac:w,f . . . "mwfajrMoZmzkd;awGvJ aumufxm;NyD; wpf0ufavmufyJ jyefxkwfay;ao;w,fbk&m; . . . }}
vdkY vmwdkifwJhvlawGuvnf; Sd&JU/
wcsKdUuawmh . . . ]]'DreufyJ 0ufwpfaumifay:vdkY 0rf;wGif;om; vwfvwfqwfqwfuav;
csufxm;wm vmydkYwmygbk&m; . . . }} qdkwmuvnf;wpfrsKd;/
q,ftdrfrSL;wpfa,mufuawmh olYorD;r*FvmaqmifvkyfrSmudk rkd;zsufrSmpdk;vdkY rdk;rGmatmif vkyf
ay;ygvkdY vmavQmufw,f/
46
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rdk;acgifwJhtcgrSmawmh rdk;Gmatmif ig;&HUrif;y&dwfGwf&wmSdw,f . . . rdk;rGmatmifawmh

rvkyfaumif;bl; . . . }} vdkY ajymawmh . . .
]]tJh'D ig;&HUrif;y&dwf wynfhawmfudk oifay;yg . . . }} vkdY qkdw,f/ bmvkyfzkdYvJqkdawmh ig;&HU
rif;y&dwfGwf&if rkd;Gmw,fqdkawmh tJh'Dy&dwfudk ajymif;jyefGwf&if rdk;wm;Ekdifw,fxifvdkYwJh/ onfawmh
usKyfuvnf; olauseyfatmif SifOy*kwudk,fawmfBuD;uawmh avrkefwkdif;awG bmawG wm;ay;EkdifwJht
wGuf qkawmif;jynfhayghvkdY ajymvkduf&w,f/
onfxufqkd;wm wpfckSdao;w,f/ wpf&ufrSm Gm&JU taSUjcrf;eJY taemufjcrf;u vlBuD;wcsKdU
usKyfqDa&mufvmMuw,f/ &Gm&JUtv,frSm acsmif;vufwufuav; wpfckjzwfpD;aevkdY Gmu taSUjcrf;?
taemufjcrf;uJGaewmudk;/
olwdkYu bmavQmufovJqdkawmh GmtaSUjcrf;eJY taemufjcrf;eJY abmvHk;uefMuzkdYudprSm 'kdifvlBuD;
jyemwufaevkdYwJh/ wpfzufzufu vlu 'kdifvkyf&if ukd,fhtydkif;buf rsufESmvkdufrSmpdk;vdkYwJh/
]]tJh'gaMumifh tSifbk&m;yJ 'dkifvlBuD;vkyfay;yg . . . }} wJhAsm/
usKyfuvnf; 'gbkef;BuD;tvkyfr[kwfvkdY rvkyfEdkifbl;vkdY tjywfrjiif;csifwmeJY . . .
]]usKyfu abmvHk;yJGawG bmawG MunfhawmifMunfhzl;wmr[kwfbl; . . . pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awG
vnf; em;rvnfygbl; . . . }} vdkY ajymawmh . . .
]]odyfaxGaxGxl;xl; Sdwmr[kwfygbl;bk&m; . . . vlcs&ifjzpfjzpf . . . abmvHk;udk vufeJYxd&if
jzpfjzpf . . . 0DpD rIwfvdkufHkygyJ bk&m; . . . }}
Aka'g/ 0DpDrIwf&OD;r,fqkdygvm;/ usKyfwkdYi,fi,f pmoifom;b0u Ir0r*Zif;pmtkyfckd;zwf&if;
ukoa&;wJh 0ZDudkif 0wKzwfzl;ygw,f/ [dkxJrSmuawmh NrdKUujyefvmwJh acwfynmwwfrkdYvdkY 'kdifvlBuD;
vkyfckdif;wmxm;ygawmh/ ck[mu b,fhES,f bkef;BuD;u 'dkifvlBuD;vkyf&r,fvkdY/ ouFef;wvTm;vTm; 0DpDwTD
TDeJY uGif;xJavQmufajy;ae&vdkYawmh b,favmufMunhfaumif;vdkufrvJvkdY/
]]'DvkdSdw,fav 'umBuD;wdkY&JU . . . usKyfwdkYbkef;BuD;awG[m ep? *Dw? 0g'dw ponfjzifh aSmif
MuOf&wmawGSdw,f . . . 0DpDqdkwmu wl&d,mxJrSm tygt0ifr[kwfvm; . . . bkef;BuD;taeeJY rrIwf
tyfbl; . . . }} vdkY Oyg,fwHrsOfeJY jiif;awmhvnf; . . .
]]tSifbk&m;u roifhawmfwmawGY&if vufomajrmufay;vkdufyg . . . wpfa,mufa,mufu
udk,fpm; 0DpDrIwfay;ygvdrfhr,f . . . }} vdkY vkyfjyefa&m/ usKyfu BuHzefNyD; taMumif;jy&jyefwmaygh/ 'dkifvl
BuD;vkyfvkdY rawmfwq wpfzufzufudkvkdufrd&if tmywfoihfvdrfhr,fvkdY ajym&w,f/
aemufqHk;awmh b,fvkdaps;wnhfoGm;MuovJqkdawmh abmvHk;yJGrSm usKyftaeeJY oGm;xkdifaeay;&
r,f/ usKyfSdae&if upm;wJhvlawGtaeeJY aumif;aumif;upm;Muvdrfhr,f/ 'kdifvlBuD;uawmh taSUbuf
jcrf;uwpfa,muf? taemufbufjcrf;uwpfa,muf? ESpfa,mufu uGif;wpfzufpDcGJNyD; wm0ef,lMu&r,f/
rupm;cifrSm 'dkifvlBuD;ESpfa,mufpvHk; usKyfaSUrSm ig;yg;oDv,lNyD; ajzmifhrwfpGm BuD;MuyfqHk;jzwfyghr,f
vdkY opma&aomufNyD; uwday;&r,f/ onfvkdudk;/
usKyfwkdY jrefrmEkdifiHrSm [kd;aS;tpOftqufuwnf;u &yfGmawGrSm bkef;awmfBuD;awGuyJ apmifh
aSmufMuD;Muyfay;cJh&wmr[kwfvm;/ bmoma&;udpwGif rubl;/ oBuFefpmMunfhNyD; onfESpfrkd;OD;aumif;
47
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
rvm;? nHhrvm;? avrkd;rSefrvm;qkdwm wGufcsufay;&wmrsdK;/ olBuD;tkyfcsKyfyHk [efrus&if 0ifxdef;ay;&

wmrsdK; SdcJhwmudk;/ tJonf"avhu wpfcsKdUe,fawGrSm ckxd<uif;usefaewkef;yJav/
awmawGrSmomr[kwfbl;/ tckusKyfoDwif;oHk;aewJh ausmif;Sd&m &yfuGufwGif;rSmvnf; 'grsKd;awG
SdoifhoavmufSdaewkef;ygyJ/
vGefcJhwJh q,fhig;ESpfavmuf usKyf onfausmif;udk a&mufcgpwkef;uqkd&if t&yfxJu vlawGu
olwkdYtdrfu wkdifuyfem&Dysuf&ifvnf; usKyfudk vmjyifckdif;wwfMuw,f/ wcsKdUuvnf; . . .
]]wynfhawmf&JU a&'D,dkBuD;u w*spf*spfeJY jrnfaewm bkef;bkef;Munfhay;ygOD; . . . }} vkdY vmjy
wwfMuw,f/ [kwfvnf;[kwfygw,f/
OD;yOif;wpfcsKdU[m em&Dvnf;jyifwwfw,f/ a&'D,kdawGbmawGvnf; uvdwwfw,f r[kwfvm;/
'gwGifrubl;/ bkef;BuD;qdkwm aA'if,MwmtaMumif;av;vnf; enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh wD;rdacguf
rdSd&w,f/ uav;emrnfrSnfhwmwkdY? ZmwmzGJYwmwkdYtwGuf 'um'umrawGu tultnDawmif;avhSdwm
udk;/
onftwGufawmh odyfrcJ,Of;Muygbl;/ usKyfwdkY oifcJh&wJh bkef;BuD;pmxJrSm aA'iftajccHwGuf
enf;awG ygcJhwmyJav/
wpfckawmhSdw,f/ oHCmawmfwpfyg;[m y&d,wd? y#dywdwpfckckrvkyfyJ udk,fusdK;pD;yGm;tvkdYiSm
aA'ifa[mpm;wJh oabmrsdK;awmh vkyfcGifhrSdbl;/ qGrf;uGrf;tvSL&Sif 'um'umrawG&JU tusdK;twGuf
wwfEkdifoavmuf ulnDajzSif;wmrsdK;yJ jzpfoifhw,f/ vmbfvmbudk rarQmfudk;&bl;/
onfae&mrSm 'um'umrawGuvnf; trsdK;rsdK;/ olwdkY&JU tvkdqEawGuvnf; trsdK;rsdK;/
]]wynfhawmf &mxl;wkd;zkdY[m enf;enf;xpfaevdkY Zmwmav;ppfaq;ay;ygOD;bk&m; . . . }} qkdwm
rsdK;/
]]wynfhawmf pm;aomufqkdifzGifhrvkdY emrnfaG;ay;yg . . . }} qdkwJhvlrsdK;/
]]bkef;bkef;&JU 'umrBuD;udkvnf; MunfhajymygOD; . . . wynfhawmfSmorQ ol ydkum0dkif;rSm jzKef;ae
wmeJY SdorQukefawmhr,f . . . }} qdkwmvnf;ygao;w,f/
]]tdrfu'umBuD;u nntdrfjyefrtdyfwm wpfvavmufSdNyDbk&m; . . . ,Mwmav;bmav; vkyf
ay;ygOD; . . . }} vdkY tultnDawmif;wm/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]wynfhawmf nu tdyfrufxJrSm yef;awG trsm;BuD;rufw,fbk&m; . . . {uEawmh ig;wpfvHk;
usdef;aoygr,fvkdY xifwmyJbk&m; . . . }} qkdwJhvlrsdK;vnf; Sdao;&JU/
ulnDoihfwmulnD? ajzSif;oihfwm ajzSif;ay;/ ukd,feJU rtyfpyfwmusawmhvnf; Munfhaumif;
atmif ajymNyD; aSmif&wmaygh/
wpfcgwpfcgusawmhvnf; b,fvdkrS aSmifvkdYrjzpfwmrsdK; Sdwwfw,f/ aA'if,MwmqkdwmeJY ESD;
EG,fNyD;jzpfvmwJhudpyJ/ ya,m*aygh/ wu,fawmh ya,m*qkdwm avmuDeJYykdqkdifw,f/ odkYayr,fh bkef;
48
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
BuD;qdkwm bkef;wefckd;BuD;w,f/ ouFef;&JY tSdeft0gSdw,f/ ewfawGuawmif Sdcdk;uefawmhMu&wmqkd

awmh vlawGu tpdrf;o&J emembm0udkEkdifrSmyJqkdNyD; tm;udk;Muwmayghav/
usKyfvnf; tJonftawGYtBuHKwpfcktaMumif; ajymjyOD;r,f/ wpfnorSmaygh/ nbuf bk&m;
Sdckd;NyD; usdef;r,fvkyfwJhtcsdefrSm &yfuGufxJu 'umwpfcsKdU ausmif;udk a&mufvmMuw,f/ bmudpvJ
ar;awmh usKyfqGrf;cH<uaeus tdrfwpftdrfu 'umrwpfa,muf tarSmifhya,m* 0ifyl;uyfaevkdY vkduf
Munfhay;ygwJh/
usKyf jiif;vkdYb,fjzpfrvJ/ usKyf&JU 'um&if;awGjzpfaeawmh wwfEkdifoavmufawmh ulnD&rSmyJqkd
NyD; vdkufoGm;&w,f/ wu,fawmh usKyf[m ya,m*awG bmawG vkdufpm;zl;cJhwmr[kwfbl;/ y&d,wdudp
om uRrf;usifwm/ odkYayr,fh bkef;BuD;qdkwJh*kPfyk'feJY bk&m;om;awmfqkdwJh tSdeftapmfaMumifh odyfawmh
raMumufvSygbl;/
tdrfay:udk vSrf;wufvkdufwJhtcg tarSmifhya,m*yl;aew,fqkdwJh 'umr[m tdrfaSUcef;rSmxkdifvdkY
tom;awGwqwfqwfwkefNyD; . . .
]]ighudkbmrSwfovJ . . . ighudk bmrSwfovJ . . . tm;vHk;'kuawG.oGm;r,f . . .}} vkdY atmfae wm
awGYvdkuf&w,f/ xl;jcm;wmuawmh olYtoH[m yifukdoHr[kwfyJ a,mufsm;wpfa,mufvdk cyfMoMo
jzpfaewmyJ/ usKyfvnf; bk&m;pifbufudk avQmufoGm;&if; . . .
]]a[h . . . bmjzpfaewmvJ . . .}} vkdY ar;vkdufawmh tJonf'umru usKyfudk armhMunfhNyD; . . .
]]tr,f . . . b*0gygvm; . . .}}
usKyf wpfcsufawmh wGefYceJ jzpfoGm;ao;w,f/ NyD;rS bk&m;pifaSUrSm wifysOfacGxkdifcsvdkufw,f/
tajctaeudk oHk;oyfMunfhw,f/
ol[m trSefwu,f tarSmifhya,m*yl;uyfaewm jzpfcsifvnf;jzpfr,f/ 'grSr[kwf a&m*ga0'em
wpfckckaMumifh pdwf*a,muf*,uf jzpfaewmvJ jzpfEdkifw,f/ wu,fvdkY trSefyJ emembm0tzsuftarSmifh
jzpfaew,fyJxm;OD;? olu tqifhedrfhwJh tlybHkuvmwm/ usKyfu bkef;awmfBuD;? olYxuf tppt&m&m
tqifhjrifhw,f/
usKyfu olYudk wpfcsufMunfhvkdufw,f/ ol usKyfeJY MumMumrsufESmcsif;rqkdifbl;/ rsufvTmcsoGm;
w,f/ usKyftaeeJY olYudk . . . ]]b,fyk*dKvfygvJ . . .}} vkdY wav;wpm; qufqHp&mrvkdbl;vkdY qHk;jzwf
vkdufw,f/ 'gaMumifh . . .
]]rif;b,folvJ . . .}} vkdY avoHcyfrmrmeJY trdefYay;ovdk ar;vdkufw,f/ olu . . .
]]bmvdkY ajym&rSmvJ . . .}}
]]tr,f . . . rajymvdkYb,f&rvJ . . . 'kuvSvS awGYoGm;rSmaygh . . . ajymprf;. . . rif;b,f olvJ}}
]]rajymbl; . . .}}
]]ighudk bmrSwfaeovJ . . . [if . . .}}
49
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
usKyfu a[mufvkdufw,f/ olu acgif;iHkYxm;ayr,fh tmcHr,fhyHkpHrsdK;jzpfaew,f/ qufar;vnf;

ajymrSmr[kwfbl;qkdwm wGufrdvkdY ar;cGef;wpfrsdK; ajymif;ar;vkdufw,f/
]]bmvkdcsifvkdY ckvdkaESmifh,Sufae&wmvJ . . .}}
olurajzbl;/ usKyfvnf; Murf;jyifudk jzef;ceJdkufNyD; . . .
]]ajymav . . . }}
ol enf;enf;aMumufoGm;yHk&w,f/ wpfcsufwkefoGm;NyD;awmh ajymw,f/
]]yufpD aomufcsifvkdY . . . }}
rxifrSwfwJhtajzrkdY usKyf enf;enf;aMumifoGm;ao;w,f/ ab;u 0dkif;tHkMunfhaewJhvlawGawmif
NyHK;pdpdjzpfukefMuw,f/ usKyf pdwful;wpfckay:vmvdkY . . .
]]tr,f . . . &m&mpp . . . yufpDawmhr&bl; . . . a[h . . . bk&m;pifu anmifa&tkd;eJY cGuf
wpfcGuf,lcJhprf; . . . }}
tdrfSif'umu anmifa&tkd;eJY zefcGufwpfvHk;,lvmNyD; csay;w,f/ usKyfu anmifa&tkd;xJua&udk
zefcGufxJxnfhNyD; olYaSUrSm csay;vkdufw,f/
]]'Da&udk aomufprf; . . .}}
]]raomufbl; . . .}}
]]raomufvkdY r&bl; . . . ig trdefYay;aew,f . . . aomuf . . .}}
]]raomufcsifbl; . . . tJ'Da&awGu roefYbl; . . . ykd;avmufvef;awGeJY . . .}}
]]bm&rvJ . . . aomufqkdaomuf . . . }}
]]'Da&awGawmh raomufcsifbl; . . . a&oefYbl;0,fay; . . .}}
usKyf rsufcHk;yifhvkdufrdw,f/ w,fawmh rvG,fvSbl;/ bmqufvkyf&rvJvkdY acgif;udkyGwfNyD; pOf;
pm;w,f/ vlawGu tBuHtkdufwJhtcg acgif;udkukwfNyD; pOf;pm;ovkdaygh/ usKyfwkdYbkef;BuD;rsm;uawmh
qHyifrSdwJhtcg acgif;yJyGwf&wmyJ/ wpfckawmh oGm;awG;rdw,f/ emembm0qkd&if a&oefYbl;awGbmawG
odrSmr[kwfbl;/ kd;dk;pdwf*a,muf*,ufjzpfwmrsm;vm; / onfawmhum . . .
]]uJ . . . tJ'Da&oefYaomufNyD;&if quftaESmifht,Sufray;yJ xGufoGm;rvm; . . .}}
ol cPawGaeNyD; acgif;ndwfjyw,f/
]]uJ . . . a&oefYbl; oGm;SmMuprf; . . .}}
uHaumif;csifawmh &yfuGufxJu oabFmom;wpfa,muftdrfu a&oefYbl;&vmw,f/ usKyfvnf;
a&oefYbl;udk aSUrSmcsNyD; arwmokwfGwfw,f/ NyD;awmh a&oefYudk zefcGufxJxnfhNyD; . . .
]]uJ . . . aomuf . . .}}
50
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
olu cPpkdufMunfhaeNyD;rS ,laomufw,f/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]xyfay;OD; . . .}}
]]udk,fh[mudk,fxnhfaomuf . . . }} qkdawmh a&oefYbl;udk,lNyD; bl;vkdufarmhcsvdkufwm tukef

ajymifwmyJ/ onfawmhrS usKyfvnf; toifh,loGm;wJhpdyfykwD;ukd vnfyif;rSmqJGay;NyD; . . . ]]uJ . . .
xGufprf; . . .}} vkdY ajymvkdufw,f/ olu usKyfudk wpfcsufarmhMunfh? 0g;ceJorf;NyD; usKyfudk aMumif
awmifawmifeJY Munfhae&if;u . . .
]][if . . . bkef;bkef; . . . b,fwkef;u <uvmwmvnf;bk&m; . . .}} vkdY yifudk,foHeJYajymNyD;
OD;csw,f/ tJonftcgusrS usKyfvnf; oufjyif;csEkdifawmhw,f/
***
tJ'gyJav/ usKyfwdkYbkef;BuD;awG[m 'umawGvSLwJhqGrf;udk Zdrfususpm;aeMuwm r[kwfygbl;/

y&d,wd? y#dywdudp aqmifGuf&if; BuHK&ifBuHKovkd 'um'umrawG&JU tcuftcJudkvnf; wwfEkdifo
avmuf ulnDajzSif;ay;&ao;w,fqkdwm odapcsifvdkY usKyf&JUtawGYtBuHKuav;awGudk SnfSnfa0;a0;
ajymjyae&wmyg/
a[m . . . ajym&if;qkd&if; pmoifom;awGawmif aeYvnfpm0gwufzkdY vmaeMuNyD/ udkif; . . .
b&dwfrSdwJh bkef;BuD;yg;pyfudk y&d,wdpmay oifMum;ydkYcswJhbufrSm toHk;csvkdufOD;r,f/ 'umBuD;wkdY
vnf; anmif;vSa&mhr,f/ jyefcsifjyefMuaya&mh/ aemif BuHKwJhtcgusrS odoihfodxkdufwmav;awG ajymMu
ao;wmaygh . . . [kwfp/
(yOif;wufpOfu waphwapmif; avhvmcJhrIrsm;? q&mawmftcsKdU\ rdefUMum;csufrsm;ESifh Ak'bm
om,Ofaus;rIqkdif&m pmaytcsKdUrS xkwfEIwfpDpOfa&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
(idktm;ESifh &,ftm;pmtkyf
1996? ZGef)
51
'Hk&if;'Hk&if;
(Zm*em? tdkif;? uif;aumif? iSufaysmaBumf? arwm? zdk;wm? &efydkifpdk;? pk'gvD? a':cifwifh? cifrdkYrdkY
at;wdkY yg0ifaom AD'D,dkZmwfvrf;udk 0wKtoGif wifNyNcif; Nzpfygonf)
***
]]tvum;aumifawG . . . wpfa,mufrSudk toHk;rusbl; . . . tvkyfusawmh vufaBumwif;

atmif rvkyfcsif . . . tpm;usawmh eif;uefpm; . . . NyD;awmh ukd,fygr,fh tdrfomwGif;awmif rwl;csif
Bubl; . . . 'DaumifawGeJYawmh cufw,f . . . }}
aTrdonf aus;GmoHk; xif;pdkufcif;rS opfacsmif;awGaumufNyD; Gufvmonf/ tdrf0dkif;xJ0iftvm
wGif wpfa,mufwnf; AspfawmufAspfawmufaNymaeaom tbGm;wifhudk awGY&\/
]]tbGm; wpfa,mufwnf; bmawGaNymaewmvJ . . . awmfBum olrsm;awGBum;oGm;vdkY
oli,fNyefw,f xifaeOD;r,f . . . }}
aTrdu xif;pnf;udkypfcs&if; ar;onf/
]]bmNzpf&rvJat . . . nnf;tpfudkawGaygh . . . tdrfomwGif;NynhfaevdkY wGif;topfwl;ygqdkwm
olvkyfigvkyfeJY wGufuyfaeBuw,fav . . . 'DaeYawmh igeJY awGYBua&maygh . . . }}
aTrdu &,faeonf/ tbGm;wifhu aTrdudk BunhfvdkufNyD; . . .
]][Jh . . . nnf;xbDatmufem;uvJ NyJvdkYygvm; . . . bmNzpfvmNyefowHk; . . . }}
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][dkaumif omat;aygh . . . uRefrudk aTrd aAxd? aTrd aAxd qdkNyD; vdkufpvdkY xif;acsmif;eJY
vdkufdkuf&if; xbDNyJoGm;wm . . . }}
]]nnf;uvJat . . . awmfBum aygufNyJoGm;vdkY avsmfae&OD;r,f . . . }}
]]aygufNyJHkruvdkY udpwHk;oGm;vJ at;wmyJ . . . }}
]]'Daumifrav;ES,faemf . . . rdef;uav;rdkYvdkYomyJ . . . a,musfm;av;qdk&if cufr,f . . . }}
]]uRefru a,musfm;av;awmif Nzpfvdkufcsifwm . . . }}
]]at; . . . nnf;om a,musfm;av;Nzpf&if tm;udk;&OD;r,f . . . [dk nnf;tpfudkoHk;aumifuawmh
tvum;yJ . . . }}
***
olwdkYoHk;a,mufrSm emrnfawGudku wvGJwacsmf NzpfaeBu\/ tBuD;qHk; bdkauqkdwmu uwHk;

ESihf/ tvwfaumif wufyku t&yftSnfBuD;/ ti,faumif oufSnfusawmh ykykav;/
bdkauu xef;&nfBudKufwwfonf/ ol xef;&nfuav; axGvmNyDqdkvQif awmrSmae&wm
atmufwef;usw,f? ydkufqHSdvQif NrdKUrSmwufaer,f? aumif;aumif;pm;r,f? kyfNrifoHBum;wdkY
AD'D,dkwdkYqdkwm Bum;omBum;zl;w,f? wpfcgrS rBunhfzl;ao;? rdef;r,l&if NrdKUolacsmacsmvSvSrS
vdkcsifw,f[k aNymavhSd\/
oufSnfu aygawmawm/ tqdktu 0goemygonf/ GmutvSLawGrSm 'dk;ywf0dkif;ESifh vdkufu
wwfonf/
wufykuusawmh Buufwdkufonf/
olwdkYoHk;a,mufonf a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; qdk;oGrf;aeBuwmawmh r[kwf/ dk;om;NyD; pdwfaumif;Sd
onf/ odkY&mwGif ayghhayghae? ayghayghpm;NyD; aysmfyg;aeBuolrsm; Nzpf\/
olwdkYGmuav;rSm NrdKUESihf awmfawmfvSrf;onf/ tquftoG,fvnf; odyfrSd/ teD;qHk; NrdKUuav;
uyif awmNrdKUuav;rQomNzpfNyD; olwdkYGmonf wu,fhtacgiftzsm;vdk Nzpfae\/ xdkYaBumihf vlawGu
tBum;tNrif A[kokwenf;yg;NyD; awmusonf/ ('guawmh awmrSm aewmudk;/)
bdkauu cyf,dkif,dkif? oufSnfu oDcsif;wpfyk'fnnf;&if; aNcvIyfvufvIyf? wufyku Buufwpf
aumifydkufvsuf tdrf0dkif;xJ 0ifvmBuonf/
tbGm;wifhu cg;axmufvsuf pdrf;pdrf;Bunhf&if; . . .
]]aBomf . . . armifrif;BuD;om;rsm; BuGBuyg . . . BuGBuyg . . . }}
53
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]tr,f . . . tbGm;awmif awmfawmf ,Ofaus;aeNyDyJ . . . }}
bdkauu cyfaxGaxGESifh aemufvdkuf&m . . .
]]tr,f . . . ig wkwfvdkuf& raumif;yJ aea&mhr,f . . . }}
oufSnfu Zmwf[efygygavoHNzifh . . .
]]tdk . . . bGm;atawmfBuD;&JU . . . bm[if;rsm; csufowHk;As . . . 0rf;xJu [mwmwm

Sdvdkufygbdawmhw,f . . . }}
]]qm&ifvJ a[m[dkxJrSm oGm;pm;Buacs . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu tdrfomudk vufnKd;xdk;Nyonf/
]][mAsm . . . tbGm;uvJ . . . }}
]]tbGm;uvJawG bmawG vkyfraeeJY . . . eifwdkYudk tdrfomwGif;wl;cdkif;xm;wm b,favmufBum
NyDvJ . . . tck NynhfvQHNyD; eHapmfaeNyD . . . }}
oufSnfu . . .
]][m . . . 'guawmh udkBuD;bdkauu tm;vHk;xJrSm tpm;tykyfqHk; . . . 'Dawmh olygwm trsm; qHk;
. . . olyJ wl;oifhwmaygh . . . }}
]]tHr,f . . . rif;uom wpfywfwpfcg 0rf;EIwfaq;tcg;awGpm;NyD; tdrfomudk q,fcgavmuf
wufaewm . . . rif; wl;oifhw,f . . . }}
]]igu 0rf;csKyfwwfvdkY 0rf;EIwfaq;aomufwmyguG . . . rygwJhaeY&ufawG trsm;BuD; . . . }}
wufyku oltaeomBuD;qdkaom yHkpHNzifh ar;aphyGwfae\/ bdkauu Bunhfr&oNzifh . . .
]]tJ . . . 'Daumif wufyku t&yfSnfw,f . . . 'gaBumihf acs;wHk;vnf; SnfrSmyJ . . . tdrf
omwGif;NrefNrefNynhfwm rif;aBumifh . . . 'gaBumihf rif; wl;oifhw,f . . . }}
wufyku ysmysmovJ Niif;onf/
]]tm . . . b,f&rvJ . . . acs;wHk;Snfayr,fh wGif;xJusawmh acGacGuav; NzpfoGm;wmyguGm . .
. }}
]]awmfBuprf; . . . 'Davmufawmif wGufuyfaewJhaumifawG . . . odBuao;wmaygh . . . }}
qdkNyD; tbGm;wifhu tdrfxJ 0ifoGm;onf/ NyefxGufvmawmh vufxJrSm aomhcavmufwpfvHk; yg
vm\/
54
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]uJ . . . tckupNyD; tdrfomaomhudk ig odrf;vdkufNyD . . . tdrfomwufcsifwJhvl ighqDrSm aomh

vmawmif; . . . yxrqHk; tdrfomwufwJhvlu tdrfomwGif;wl;&r,f . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu aNymNyD; tdrfomqDoGm; aomhcwfvdkufonf/ bdkauu aNy;vdkufoGm;NyD; . . .
]][m . . . tbGm; . . . cPav; aeygOD; . . . tayhgoGm;csifvdkY . . . }}
]]r&bl;a[h . . . tayghyJNzpfNzpf? tav;yJNzpfNzpf wGif;wl;&rSmyJ . . . }} [k aNymNyD; tdrfxJ 0if
oGm;\/
bdkauu acgif;udkyGwfaeonf/ aTrdu wcpfcpf&,fNyD; . . .
]]aumif;w,f . . . ysif;csifOD; . . . }}
]]tr,f . . . eifvJ tdrfomwufcsif&if tbGm;qD aomhawmif;&rSmyJ . . . tJ'Dusawmh tdrfomwGif;
eifwl;&rSm . . . }}
]]uRefr rygbl; . . . tbGm;aNymwm tpfudkwdkYoHk;a,mufwnf; . . . }}
***
oufSnfonf tdyfae&mrS zswfceJ Edk;vmonf/ naeu AdkufqmqmESihf yJ[if;awG eif;uefpm;cJh

rd&m ck wefcdk;NyaeNyD/ AdkufxJu &pf&pfNyD; emaeonf/ reufusrS NzpfovdkoGm;rnfqdkNyD; atmifhxm;vdkY
vnf; r&/ BudwfrSdwfNyD; tdyfvdkYvnf; raysmf/
xdkYaBumihf tdyf&mrSx&onf/ tbGm;ESifh aTrdwdkYtdyfonhf twGif;cef;xJ aNcazmheif;NyD; 0ifonf/
tbGm;u tdrfomaomhudk wef;ay:wifxm;rSmyJ[k awG;NyD; aNc&if;bufwef;ay:rSm avQmufprf;onf/
Burf;u uRdceJ NrnfoGm;\/ ttdyfqwfaom aTrd Edk;oGm;onf/
]]b,folvJ . . . }}
aTrdu cyfqwfqwfar;vdkuf\/
]]igyg[ . . . oufSnfyg . . . }}
toHcyftkyftkyfESifh Nyefxl;onf/
]]bmvmvkyfwmvJ . . . }}
]]tdrfomaomh vmSmwm[ . . . tbGm; b,frSmxm;vJ eifodvm; . . . }}
]]SmraeeJY . . . aomhu tbGm; abmfvDtustdwfxJrSm . . . }}
55
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rif;aum AdkufemvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl;uG . . . igwpfa,mufwnf; usefcJhawmh rtdyf&JvdkYuG . . . }}
]]'Dtwdkif;qdk rvG,fbl;uG . . . nbufu csKHwdk;vdkY &ao;w,f . . . aeYcif;buf tdrfomoGm;

csif&if cufr,f . . . }}
oufSnfu aNymonf/ bdkauu . . .
]]eufNzefawmh tdrfomwGif;wl;rS Nzpfawmhr,f . . . }}
]]at;uG . . . igu [mvm[if;vif;qdk rygwwfbl; . . . }} [k wufyku 0ifaNymonf/
***
]]'gyJa[h . . . vlwpf&yfpmeufatmif wl;&r,f . . . wdrfwdrfav; wl;xm;vdkYuawmh wpf

a,mufrS xrif;rauR;bl; . . . }} [k tbGm;wifhu aNymxm;oNzifh olwdkYoHk;a,mufrSm BudK;pm;yrf;pm;
wl;aeBu&\/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf wGufuyfaevdkYvnf; rNzpf/ wGufuyfvdkY tvkyfrNyD;vQif xrif;
pm;&rnfr[kwf/ Adkufuvnf; qmvSNyD/
oufSnfu wufykwl;ay;aom aNrBuD;rsm;udk awmif;ESifhxnhf tay:rSapmihfaeaom bdkauudk
vSrf;ay;&if; . . .
]]tbGm;u vlwpf&yfpmvdkY aNymxm;w,f . . . tck ighwpf&yfpm NzpfaeNyD . . . awmfBupdkYuGm . . . }}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,fuG . . . yifyef;vSNyD . . . }}
wufykuyg axmufcHonf/ odkY&mwGif tbGm;wifhu Bum;oGm;NyD; tdrfaemufaz;aygufrS xGuf
atmfonf/
]]wpf&yfpmqdkwm oufSnfwpf&yfpmudk aNymwm r[kwfbl; . . . wufykwpf&yfpmudk aNymwm . . .
qufwl; . . . }}
olwdkYoHk;a,muf wnnf;nnf; wnLnL qufwl;Bu&onf/ ta&;xJrSm bdkauu . . .
]]a[haumif . . . tbGm;u vlwpf&yfpmvdkYaNymNyD; oufSnfwpf&yfpmudk aNymwmr[kwfbl;qdk awmh
oufSnfu vlr[kwfovdk NzpfaeNyD . . . }}
]]arm&wJhBum;xJuGm . . . rif;uvJ . . . }}
oufSnfu NyefaNym&if; aygufwl;udk aNrodkY aygufcsvdkufpOf 'kwfceJ toHxGufvmonf/
]]ta&;xJ ausmufzsmeJYwdk;aeNyD xifw,f . . . }}
57
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
aygufxm;aom aNrBuD;cJudkESJY z,fvdkufaomtcg pOfhtdk;wpfvHk;\ xdyfydkif;ay:vmonf/

]][ . . . pOfhtdk;BuD;ygvm; . . . }}
]]igwdkYawmh yGNyDxifw,fuG . . . [dk;aS;aS;wkef;u NrKyfxm;cJhwJh aTtdk;BuD;rsm;vm; rodbl; . . .
azmfBunhf&atmif . . . }}
pOfhtdk;ab;rS aNrrsm;udk ,ufxkwfNyD; azmfBuonf/ pOfhtdk;rSm aomufa&tdk;eD;eD; Sdonf/ tay:rS
tzHk;zHk;xm;onf/ tzHk;udk vHkatmif ta*Fawvdkvdk opfap;vdkvdk t&mrsm;Nzifh rHxm;\/
pOfhtdk;udk tay:rwifNyD;aemuf oufSnfESifh wufykwdkY wGif;xJrSwufvmonf/ tdk;tzHk;udk ief;Nym;
ESifhuvefYNyD; zGifhonf/
bdkauu tdk;xJvufEIdufNyD; Nyefxkwfvdkufaomtcg t0wftdwfSnfSnfuav; xGufvm\/ txJ
rSmawmh aypmwpfcsyf/
]][if; . . . 'gvm; aTawG aiGawG . . . }}
wufyku aNymonf/ bdkauu . . .
]]aeprf;ygOD;uG . . . zwfBunhf&atmif . . . }}
bdkauu aypmudk ykqdk;ESifhyGwf oefYpifvdkufNyD; cyfus,fus,fzwfNyonf/
]]xdkufol cHpm;&rnf wJh . . . }}
]]xdkufolqdkwm b,folvJuG . . . 'gqdk igwdkYeJY rqdkifbl;aygh . . . }}
oufSnfu 0ifaNymNyef\/ bdkauu . . . ]]em;axmifprf;yguGm . . . }} qdkNyD; qufzwfonf/
]]uREfkyf ola|;BuD; OD;ol& rSwfwrf;a&;om;xm;cJhonf/ uREfkyfonf i,fpOfu tvGefqif;&Jol
Nzpfavonf/ xdkYaemuf uREfkyf\ rem;raeBudK;yrf;rIaBumihf tvGef csrf;omBuG,f0aom olaX;BuD;wpfOD;
NzpfvmcJhonf/ okdY&mwGif uREfkyf\ om;oHk;a,mufrSm vHk;0 rvdrmBuacs/}}
xdkae&mta&mufwGif olwdkYoHk;a,muf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf BunhfrdBuonf/
]]if;om;oHk;a,mufonf uREfkyf\ ypnf;Opmrsm;udk oHk;NzKef;um taysmftyg; avmif;upm;Ncif;
Nzifhom tcsdefukefaeBuavonf/}}
wufyku . . .
]]igwdkYoHk;a,mufudkrsm; apmif;a&;xm;wmvm; rodbl; . . . }}
]][muGm . . . igwdkYudk tJ'DolaX;BuD;u b,fvdkvkyf odrSmvJ . . . uJ . . . qufzwfprf;ygOD; . . .}}
[k oufSnfu wdkufwGef;oNzifh . . .
58
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]xdkYaBumihf uREfkyfonf Sdonfhypnf;rsm;udk trsm;tusKd;twGuf vSL'gef;rIrsm; NyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkY

tNyif uREfkyfuG,fvGefvQif usef&pfolom;rdkufrsm;taeNzifh uREfkyftwGuf &nfpl; ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm;
NyKvkyfvdrfhrnf r[kwf[k ,lqaomaBumihf tpDtrHwpfckudk NyKvkyfcJh&ayonf/
,if;tpDtrHum;qdkvQif . . .
pmESifhtwl aNryHkwpfck awGY&vdrfhrnf/ ,if;aNryHkum; uREkfyf\ usef&pfaom ypnf;rsm;udk NrKyf
ESHxm;onfhae&mtm; nTefNyaomaNryHkyif Nzpf\/ /}}
wufyku tdk;xJxyfEdIufNyD; xkwfBunhf&m om;a&csyfwpfcsyf xGufvmonf/
]]cPaeOD;uG . . . pmu rqHk;ao;bl; . . . tJ . . . bmwJh . . . &wemypnf;rsm; SmazGawGYSd vQif
wpf0ufudk xkcGJa&mif;csNyD; apwDwpfqlwnf uREfkyftwGuf trQtwef; ay;a0Buyg/ usefwpf0uf udk
vdk&mtoHk;NyKygav wJh . . . }}
oufSnfu wufykqDrS aNryHkudk ,lBunhfNyD; . . .
]]tvum; r[kwfwmawG avQmufa&;xm;wmeJY wlygw,fuGm . . . wu,fqdk&if 'Dtdk;xJrSmyJ
&wemypnf;awG xnhfay;xm;vdkufvnf; NyD;wmyJ . . . ckawmh aNryHkeJY xyfNyD; Sm&OD;r,fwJh . . .
aNryHkxJrSm a&;xm;wmuvnf; bmawGrSef;vJ rodbl; . . . tvum;yg . . . }}
qdkNyD; aNryHkudk vTihfypfrnfNyKonf/ bdkauu . . .
]]a[haumif aeOD; . . . pmu rqHk;ao;bl; . . . }}
]][m . . . vkyfNyefNyD . . . }}
]]em;axmifuG . . . ta&;BuD;wJhae&m a&mufNyD . . . r,HkrSdBuESifh/ trSefwu,fNzpfaBumif; od
om&ef vufpGyfwpfuGif; erlemxnfhay;xm;onf/ ,if;vufpGyfudk a&mif;cs p&dwfNyKvkyfNyD; &wemrsm;
udk SmazGygavmh wJh . . . }}
]]vufpGyf qdkygvm; . . . }}
aNymNyD; wufyku tdk;twGif; EdIufNyefonf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh t0wftdwfao;ao;uav;wpfck ygvm
onf/ tdwfHIUBudK;udkaNzNyD; xkwfBunhfawmh . . .
]][m . . . pdefvufpGyfBuD;uG . . . }}
]]at;[ . . . tBuD;BuD;yJ . . . 'g tbGm;udk NyBunhfrSyJ . . . tbGm;qdk&ifawmh wefzdk;em;vnf
vdrfhr,f . . . }}
vufpGyfrSmwyfxm;onfh pdefBuD;rSm awmfawmfBuD;onf/ qD;oD;tao;pm; wpfvHk;pmavmuf Sd
rnf/ aea&mifwGif axmifBunhfaomtcg 0if;ceJ vufceJ/
***
59
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tbGm;wifhu pdefvufpGyfBuD;udk aoaocsmcsm pl;pdkufBunfhNyD; . . .
]]tif; . . . ighwpfoufrSm 'DavmufBuD;wJhpdefrsKd; wpfcgrS rawGYzl;ao;bl; . . . }}

]][kwfNyD . . . [kwfNyD . . . 'g b,favmufwefr,f xifovJ tbGm; . . . }}
bdkauu tm;wufoa&m ar;vdkufonf/ tbGm;wifhu . . .
]]tdk . . . wpfcgrS rawGYzl;ygbl;qdkrS b,favmufwefw,fqdkwm ig b,fodyghrvJ . . . }}
]][m . . . tbGm;uvJ . . . }}
]]aNryHkwpfckvJ ygw,fqdk . . . Nyprf;ygOD; . . . }}
wufyku aNryHkom;a&csyfudk vSrf;ay;onf/ tbGm;wifhu aNryHkudk teD;uyfBunhfNyD; acgif;
wndwfndwfvkyfae\/ oufSnfu ratmifhEdkifyJ . . .
]]awGYvm; tbGm; . . . bmawGwJhvJ . . . }} [k ar;onf/
]]ighrsufpdurIefawmh bmrS oJoJuGJuGJ rNrif&ygbl;uG,f . . . }}
]][m . . . vkyfNyefNyD . . . ay;yg . . . uRefawmf zwfNyr,f . . . }}
bdkauu aNryHkudk,l . . .
]]'Dvdkav tbGm;&JU . . . aNryHkay:rSm vrf;aBumif;vdkvdkawmh Nyxm;w,f . . . 'gayr,fh ae&m
awGudk twdtus a&;rxm;bl; . . . tnTef;pmawmh ygw,f . . . usKyf zwfNyr,f . . . ausmfat;udk
awGYatmifSmNyD; vkyfief;pyg . . . yifv,fudk Nzwf awmifay:u yef;aygif;pHk&mt&yfudk oGm;avmh . . .
rdk;ay:uusonhfa& acsmif;qdk;aysmufonf . . . NyD;awmh . . . }}
]]oufouf aemufaNymifNyD; a&;xm;wmeJY wlyg&JU . . . }}
tbGm;u 0ifaNym\/
]]aemufwmqkd&if pdefvufpGyfBuD;udk bmNzpfvdkY xnhfxm;vJ . . . }} [k aTrdu aNymonf/ ouf
Snfu . . .
]]uJyg . . . aNryHkudp xm;ygOD; . . . vufpGyfudk b,fvdkvkyfrvJ . . . }}
wufyku . . .
]]NrdKUay: wufa&mif;rSmayghuG . . . }}
]][m . . . wdkYu bmrSem;vnfwm r[kwfbl; . . . NrdKUay:wufa&mif;&if igwdkYudk ESyfcsrSmayghuG . .
. NyD;awmh igwdkYu NrdKUudk wpfcgrS a&mufzl;wmrS r[kwfyJ . . . }}
oufSnfu aNymonf/ bdkauu . . .
60
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]'gqdk q&mawmfudk NyBunhfr,fuGm . . . }}
]][,f . . . bkef;BuD;eJY vufpGyf bmqdkifvdkYvJ . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu 0ifaNymonf/ bdkauu . . .
]][m . . . [kwfNyD . . . bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm vlwpfa,muf a&mufaew,f . . . q&mawmfeJY

aqGrsKd;eD;pyfawmfw,fwJh . . . rEav;uvdkY aNymw,f . . . aypmawG avhvmcsifvdkYvmwmwJh . . . olY udk
ac:NyBunhfr,f . . . }}
]]NrdKUom;qdk ,Hk&yghrvm; . . . }}
aTrdu aNym&m . . .
]]igwdkYbmoma&mif;vJ NrdKUom;awGqDyJ a&mif;&rSmyJ[m . . . q&mawmhfaqGrsKd;qdkawmh igwdkYudk
rvdrfwefaumif;ygbl;uGm . . . }}
]]uJ . . . 'gqdkvJ oGm;ac:cJh . . . }} [k tbGm;wifhu qHk;Nzwfay;vdkufonf/
***
NrdKUom;qdkolonf bdkauESifhtwl tdrfxJ0ifvmonf/ olYudk bmaBumihfac:vmrSef; rod/ tul

tnDawmif;p&mSdvdkYqdkwmyJ aNymxm;onf/ olonf tdrfxJa&mufaomtcg pdwf0ifwpm; 0dkif;Bunhfae
aom vlrsm;udkNrifNyD; aBumufovdkvdkawmif NzpfoGm;&\/ oluvnf; wpfa,mufpDudk NyeftuJcwf
vdkufonf/ aTrdudk Nrifaomtcg awmolomqdkw,f awmfawmfvSwmyJ[k awG;Nzpfatmif awG;vdkufrd\/
xdktcsufrSm aemufydkif; trsm;BuD; toHk;0ifvmonf/
]]uJ . . . xdkifAsm . . . }}
bdkauu xdkifcdkif;oNzifh Burf;ay: 0ifxdkifvdkufonf/ tbGm;wifhu tuJcwfae&mrS . . .
]]rif;u q&mawmfeJY aqGrsKd;awmfw,fqdk . . . }}
]][kwfuJhcifAs . . . q&mawmfu uRefawmfhbBuD;0rf;uGJ awmfygw,f . . . }}
]]armif&ifav;emrnf b,fhES,fac:vJ . . . }}
]]ausmfat;wJhcifAs . . . }}
]]a[ . . . }}
tbGm;wifh\ tmar#dwfoHESifhwpfqufwnf; bdkauu . . . ]][m . . . wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkifAsm . . .
aNryHkxJu twdkif;yJ . . . ausmfat;udk awGYatmifSmNyD; vkyfief;pyg qdkwmav . . . }}
61
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][kwfw,f . . . [kwfw,f . . . 'g edrdwfaumif;yJ . . . }}
oufSnfu 0if axmufcHaeonf/ ausmfat;rSm aBumifawmifawmifNzpfae\/ pdwfaemufae

onfh rdom;pkBum;xJrsm; a&mufaeovm;[k xifrdao;onf/
wufykuvnf; wpfpHkwpfck 0ifaNymrnfNyKpOf aTrdu . . .
]]ab;vlaSUrSm bmawGavQmufaNymaeBuwmvJ . . . }}
bdkauu . . .
]]ab;vlr[kwfawmhbl;[ . . . igwdkYeJY tvkyfwGJvkyf&r,fhvl NzpfoGm;NyD . . . 'g wdkufqdkifwm
r[kwfbl; . . . olaX;BuD;OD;ol&u olYudk wrifwum 'Dudka&mufatmif wrvGefuae wpfenf;enf;eJY
apvTwfvdkufwmyJ Nzpf&r,f . . . }}
]][m . . . [m . . . uRefawmf wrvGefu r[kwfygbl;As . . . vltppfyg . . . }}
ausmfat;u aBumufaBumufvefYvefY ysmysmovJ Niif;onf/ bdkauu NyHK; . . .
]][kwfygw,f . . . odygw,f . . . 'DvdkAs . . . }}
]]wdwfBuprf; . . . }} [k tbGm;wifhu [efYvdkufNyD;rS . . .
]]uJ . . . armifausmfat; . . . rif;udkBunhf&wm dk;om;yHkvJ &w,f . . . q&mawmhftrsKd;qdkawmh
,HkBunf&r,fvdkYvnf; xifvdkY . . . }}
aNym&if; abmfvDtustdwfxJrS pdefvufpGyfudkxkwfNyD; . . .
]]a[m'DvufpGyfudk Bunhfay;prf;yg . . . }}
ausmfat;vufxJ xnhfay;vdkuf\/ ausmfat;onf vufpGyfudk aea&mifrSmaxmifBunhfNyD; rsufvHk;
NyL;oGm;\/ tm;vHk;u olYudk pdwftm;xufoefpGm 0dkif;BunhfaeBuonf/
]][m . . . uRefawmfhwpfoufrSm 'DavmufBuD;wJhpdefudk wpfcgrS rawGYzl;ao;bl; . . . }}
]][m . . . vmNyefNyDwpfa,muf . . . 'gb,favmufwefovJqdkwm odcsifwmAs . . . }}
]]wdwdususuawmh rodbl; . . . awmfawmfwefzdk;Sdr,fqdkwmawmh cefYrSef;vdkY&w,f . . .
wu,fem;vnfwJhvlrS wefzdk;NzwfEdkifrSmyJ . . . }}
]]'gqdk 'DvufpGyfudk NrdKUrSmwufa&mif;zdkY ulnDEdkifrvm; . . . }} [k bdkauu ar;onf/
ausmfat; u . . . ]][dk . . . tJ . . . }} qdkNyD; a,mifcsmcsmvkyfaeNyD;rS tm;wufoa&m
Bunhfaeaom aTrdudk owdNyKrdaomtcg tvdkvdk acgif;ndwfNyD;om; NzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh . . . ulnDEdkifygw,f . . . 'gayr,fh 'DvufpGyf b,fu &ovJqdkwm . . . }}
62
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]'g usKyfwdkY cdk;0Sufxm;wm r[kwfbl;As . . . tdrfomwGif;wl;&if;eJY &wm . . . NyD;awmh [dk[m . . .

aNryHk . . . }}
]]uJ . . . awmfawmh . . . NrdKUudkwufNyD; vufpGyfa&mif;zdkYom pDpOfawmh . . . bdkaueJY wufyk
vdkufoGm;Bu . . . }} [k aNymvdkufonf/
***
yGJpm;u avmfyef[kac:olu pdefvufpGyfudk rSefbDvl;vdkud&d,mNzifh aoaocsmcsm Bunhfaeonf/

ausmfat;? bkdauESifh wufykwdkY &ifwxdwfxdwfESifh apmihfpm;aeBu\/ yGJpm;uawmh cyfat;at;yif
pD;u&ufzGmae\/
ausmfat;u bdkauwdkYudk rEav;odkY ac:oGm;onf/ wu,fqdkawmh olonfvnf; NrdKUay:rSmae
aomaBumihf vl&nfvnfwmuvGJvQif &wemypnf;ta&mif;t0,fudk odyfem;rvnf/ xkdYaBumifh aps;csKd
awmfSd ausmufyGJpm;wef;rSm penf;em&if; yGJpm;wpfa,mufESifhawGYNyD; ygvmNcif;Nzpf\/ ESyfcsvdkYr&atmif
awmh owdxm;&rnf/
]]temav; enf;enf;ygaevkdYayghAsm . . . EdkYrdkYqdk&if . . . }}
avmfyef\EIwfrS pum;wpfcGef;xGufvmonf/ bdkauu pdwfrSnfawmhyJ . . .
]]uJ . . . b,favmufay;r,fqdkwmom aNymAsm . . . }}
]]aNym&rSm tm;emw,fAsm . . . }}
]]'gawmh BudKufa&mif; BudKuf0,fayghAsm . . . ay;EdkifwJhaps; aNymvdkufaygh . . . }} [k yGJpm;u 0if
aNymonf/ avmfyefu yGJpm;udk t"dyg,fygyg Bunhfonf/ a&mif;csifaerSef;vnf; od? em;rvnfolawGrSef;
vnf; odoNzifh b,fvdkdkufcs& aumif;rvJ[k pOf;pm;ae[ef wlonf/ yGJpm;udk vSrf; rsufvHk;Nzifh tBuH
Pfawmif;vdkufNcif; Nzpf\/ ausmfat;u &dyfrdoNzifh tcsdefray;yJ . . .
]]aps;odyfESdrf&ifawmh uRefawmfwdkYu a&mif;rSm r[kwfbl;aemf . . . }} [k cyfwif;wif;aNymvdkuf\/
apmapmu pdefudk ppfaq;&if; avmfyefrsufvHk;awG vufceJNzpfoGm;wm ol owdNyKrdonf/
avmfyefu csdefqae[efSdonf/ vufvGwfoGm;rSmvnf; pdk;&drfaeyHk&\/ rEav;om; ausmfat;yg
vmaomaBumihf dkufcsufNyif;vGef;vdkYrNzpfaBumif;udkvnf; oabmaygufoGm;onf/
]]q,fhSpfodef; ay;r,fAsm . . . }}
bdkau rsufvHk;NyL;oGm;\/ wufykuawmh . . .
]][m . . . }}
63
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
[lyif toHxGufoGm;onf/ ausmfat;u wufykudk vufukwfvdkufNyD; avmfyefudk NyefaNym

vdkuf\/
]]enf;w,f . . . wdk;ay;OD; . . . }}
]]ESpfq,fAsm . . . 'gtNrifhqHk;yJ . . . }}
ausmfat;u bkdauudk wpfcsufBunhfonf/ yGJpm;u taNctaeudk oabmaygufoGm;NyD; . . .
]]'Daps;uawmh ESpfOD;ESpfzuf remygbl; . . . oifhawmfygw,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u wpfckckaNymrnfNyKpOf bdkauu 0if . . .
]]aumif;NyD . . . a&mif;r,f . . . }}
avmfyefu rD;cHaowmqD avQmufoGm;\/
***
bdkauESifh wufyk? ausmfat;ESifhvdkufoGm;wm wpfywfSdNyD/ aTrdu pdwfylaeonf/ oufSnfu

vnf; . . .
]][dkaumifawG roGm;wwf rvmwwfeJY ausmfat;qdkwJhvlu vufpGyfudk vdrf,loGm;NyD; wpfae&m
&mrSm ypfxm;cJhvdkY 'kua&mufaeNyDxifw,f . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu acgif;cg . . .
]]rNzpfEdkifbl; . . . armifausmfat;[m dk;om;wJhvli,fwpfa,mufqdkwm ig,Hkw,f . . . wefzdk;SdwJh
ypnf;wpfck a&mif;w,f 0,fw,fqdkwm csufcsif;awmh b,fNyD;rvJ . . . }} [k aNymonf/
oufSnfrSm ntdyfonfhtcgwdkif; ausmfat;u bdkauwdkYudkowfNyD; vufpGyf,loGm;w,fvdkY tdyf
rufrufvdkuf? bdkauu aiGxkyfBuD;ydkufNyD; Nyefvmw,fvdkY rufvdkuf? wpfaeYwpfrsKd; rufae\/
q,f&ufBumaomaeYusrS
ausmfat;ESifh
wufykwdkY
Nyefa&mufvmBuonf/
a&mufa&mufcsif; vufpGyfudk odef;ESpfq,fESifh a&mif;cJh&aBumif; 0rf;omtm;& aNymNyonf/
wufyku
aTrdu 0rf;omtHhBoaeonf/ oufSnfu xuonf/ tbGm;wifhu . . .

]]bdkauaum . . . bdkau . . . }} [k ar;onf/ wufyku . . .
]]udkBuD;bdkau rEav;rSm aecJhw,f . . . }}
]][if . . . bmvkyfzdkYvJ . . . }}
64
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rEav;rSm taNcpdkufNyD; &wemawGudk Smr,fwJh . . . [dkrSm wdkufwpfvHk; iSm;xm;NyD;NyD . . . }}

]]bmaNymw,f . . . 'Davmufrsm;wJhaiGawGudk &xm;NyD;rS bmvkyfzdkY xyfSm&OD;rSmvJ . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . &wemawG &&if wpf0ufudk a&mif;NyD; olaX;BuD;OD;ol&twGuf bk&m;wnf&OD;rSm
r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]tck&wJhaiGwpf0ufudk wnfvdkY&om;yJ . . . tvdkqEqdkwm ydkif;NzwfEdkifrSaumif;wm . . .
avmb[m b,fawmhrS tusKd;ray;wwfbl; . . . }}
]]'geJY a[haumif . . . aiGawGaum . . . }} [k oufSnfu Nzwfar;onf/
]]rif;wdkY tbGm;wdkY vdkufrvmrSmpdk;vdkYqdkNyD; ol ,lxm;vdkufw,f . . . }}
]]tif; . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu oufNyif;csNyD; acgif;udk ,rf;vdkufonf/ wufyku . . .
]]uJyg tbGm;&,f . . . rEav;udkawmh vdkufcJhyg . . . bk&m;vnf; zl;&wmaygh . . . rEav;
NrdKUqdkwm odyfNyD; BuD;us,fwm tbGm;&JU . . . pnfum;vdkufwmqdkwmvnf; raNymeJYawmh . . . }}
]][kwfom;yJ . . . [dka&mufrS taNctaeBunhfvkyfwmaygh . . . }} [k oufSnfuyg 0ifaNym onf/
]]aeprf;ygOD; . . . rEav;rSm taNcpdkufzdkY bmNzpfvdkY pdwful;&wmwHk;awmh . . . }}
aTrdu 0ifar;onf/ ausmfat;u NyefSif;Ny\/
]]'gu 'Dvdkyg . . . udkbdkaueJY uRefawmf pum;aNymBu&if; bdkauqdkNyD; bmaBumihf uwHk;Nzpfae
&wmvJvdkY uRefawmfuar;awmh i,fi,fu 0ufoufaygufvdkY uwHk;wHk;NyD; qHyifawGuRwfukefwmeJY
uwHk;yJ qufxm;wmvdkY olu aNymw,f . . . }}
]]tJ'geJY rEav;eJY bmqdkifvdkYvJ . . . }}
]]'gu 'DvdkSdygw,f . . . oluvnf; uRefawmfhemrnftaBumif;ar;awmh uRefawmfhudk ref;&mNynhf
aeYrSm arG;wJhtaBumif;? rEav;NrdKU pwnfwJhESpfudk rSwf&vG,fatmif tkwfuspfausmfat; rEav;wnfqdkwJh
pmcsKd;eJY rSwfxm;cJhBuwmaBumihf uRefawmfhemrnfudk ausmfat;vdkY rSnfhxm;wmNzpfaBumif; aNymNyawmh
udkbdkauu aNryHkxJu yxrpmaBumif;udk olazmfEdkifNyDvdkY aNymygw,f . . . }}
]]ausmfat;udkawGYatmifSmNyD; vkyfief;pygqdkwm tkwfuspfausmfat; rEav;qdkwJh rEav;NrdKUudk
taNcNyKNyD;vkyfygqdkwJh t"dym,f&wmudk; . . . }}
wufykuyg 0ifSif;Nyonf/ aTrdu ausmfat;udk vufnKd;xdk;NyNyD; . . .
]][if . . . 'gqdk aNryHktaBumif; olYudkyg aNymNyvdkufNyDaygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
wufyku . . .
65
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]olu ,HkBunf&ygw,f[ . . . pdefvufpGyfudk olyJ tquftoG,fSmNyD; a&mif;ay;cJhwmyJ . . .

ol0ifaNymvdkY ydkufqHawmif ydk&vdkufao;w,f . . . ol opmazmufcsif&if igwdkYudk NrdKUay:rSm vG,fvG,f
av; vSnhfywfxm;cJhvdkY &wmyJ . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu wufykpum;udk oabmwl[ef acgif;ndwfNyonf/ ausmfat;uvnf; . . .
]][kwfygw,fAsm . . . uRefawmfhudk ,Hkyg . . . tckvdk uRefawmfvdkufNyD;ulnDaewm ypnf;Opm
aBumifh r[kwfygbl; . . .}}
]]'gqdk bmaBumifhvJ . . . }} [k oufSnfu ar;onf/ ausmfat;u aTrdudk rodromBunhfNyD; . . .
]][dk[mav . . . uRefawmfhtaeeJY NrifNrifcsif;qdkovdk . . .}}
]]bm . . . b,folYudk NrifNrifcsif;vJ . . .}}
aTrdu cyfqwfqwfar;vdkuf&m ausmfat; wGefYceJNzpfoGm;NyD;rS . . .
]][dk . . . [dk . . . tbGm;udkyg . . . tbGm;udk NrifNrifcsif; cspfcif BunfndKav;pm;rdvdkYyg . . .}}
aTrdu rsufapmif;wpfcsuf cJvdkufNyD;rS tbGm;wifhbufvSnhfNyD; . . .
]]tbGm; . . . b,fvdk oabm&vJ . . . rEav;udk vdkufoGm;rSmvm; . . .}}
tbGm;wifhu pOf;pm;awGa0aeNyD;aemuf . . .
]]at; . . . vdkuf&awmhrSmaygh . . . bdkauu NyefrSrvmawmhyJ . . . [dka&mufrS azsmif;zsNyD; Nyef
ac:oifh ac:&awmhrSmyJ . . .}}
***
NrifNriforQrSm tHhBop&mawGcsnf; Nzpf\/ &xm;qdkwmvnf; wpfcgrS rpD;zl;/ 'dkife,frS pyg;vm

o,fonfh avmf&Dum;awGavmufom Nrifzl;cJhonf/ wdkufqdkwm tckrSawGYzl;Ncif; Nzpf\/
olwdkYu awGYorQudk wtHhwBo Bunhfonf/ xdkYtwl awGYorQvlawGuvnf; olwdkYudk txl;
tqef;vdk BunhfBu&\/ zmawG? awmif;awG? zsmvdyfawG GufolGuf? xrf;olxrf;NyD; rEav;NrdKUay:rSm
avQmufaeBuonf/ vrf;Nzwful;awmh wpfa,mufcg; wpfa,mufudkifNyD; wef;pDul;BuoNzifh um;awG?
qdkifu,fawG? pufbD;awGu &yfay;&onf/
oufSnfu txyfNrifhwdkufBuD;awGudk armhBunhfNyD; . . .
]]'DavmufNrifhwJh wdkufBuD;ay:rSm usKyfawmh rae&JaygifAsm . . . GmOD;apwDav; xHk;wufokwfwHk;
uawmif 'l;wkefaewm . . . }} [k aNymonf/ tbGm;wifhu rD;ydGKifhudkBunhfNyD; . . .
66
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]rif;wdkYNrdKUBuD;u crf;awmh crf;em;yg&JUuG,f . . . 'gayr,fh aeYcif;aBumifawmifBuD; vrf;"mwfrD;

awG zGifhxm;vm; xm;&JU . . . rD;vHk;awGuvnf; wpfvHk;u vmvdkuf . . . wpfvHk;u ysufvdkufeJY . . . }}
]]tJ'g vrf;rD;r[kwfbl; tbGm;&JU . . . tcsufNyrD;av . . . rD;ydGKifhvdkY ac:w,f . . . rD;eDae&if
um;awG&yfNyD; rD;pdrf;rS oGm;&w,f . . . }}
]]trav;awmf . . . tvkyfIyfvdkufwm . . . usKyfwdkYqDu vSnf;awGrsm; oGm;csifovdkoGm; . . .
ab;udk enf;enf;uyfay;ygAsKdUvdkY atmfvdkufHkyJ . . . }} [k aTrdu aNymonf/
ausmfat;u oHk;bD;um;wpfpD;udk iSm;vdkuf\/ oufSnfu oHk;bD;um;udk aoaocsmcsmBunhfNyD; .
..
]]'Dum;ydkifSifu awmfawmfuyfpD;enf;w,f . . . um;udk bD;wpfvHk;NzKwfNyD; oHk;bD;wnf; wyf
xm;w,f . . . }} [k aNymoNzifh oHk;bD;um;q&mu &,fao;onf/
0if;uav;wpfckxJSd oyf&yfaom ESpfxyfwdkufuav;wpfvHk;aSUrSm um;&yfonf/
]]'g udkbkdauiSm;xm;wJh wdkufyJ . . . }} [k ausmfat;u aNymonf/ oufSnfu . . .
]][m . . . aumif;vdkufwm . . . wpfcgwnf; 0,fxm;vdkuf NyD;a&m . . . }}
]]GmOD;ausmif;xufawmif BuD;ao;w,f . . . }} [k aTrdu rSwfcsufcsonf/
]]uJ . . . vmBu . . . }}
ausmfat;u OD;aqmifNyD; wdkufxJ0ifBuonf/ {nfhcef;xJta&mufwGif tbGm;wifhu rsufvHk;NyL;
oGm;\/
]][if . . . Bunhfprf; . . . eif ighaNr;udk bmvkyfxm;wmvJ . . . }} [k ausmfat;zuf vSnhfar;
onf/ qdkzmay:rSm ususeevSJxdkif&if; em;usyfudk em;rSmwyf uufqufem;axmifaeaom bdkauudk
awGYvdkuf&aomaBumifhyif Nzpf\/
]]udkBuD;bdkau . . . udkBuD;bdkau . . . }}
aTrdu atmfac:onf/ bdkauu rBum;/ oufSnfu tvefYwBum; aNymvdkufonf/
]][m . . . 'Daumif r&zl;wJhaiGawG &oGm;vdkY l;oGm;NyDxifw,f . . . q&mawmfaNymwm Bum;zl;
w,f . . . NrdKUay:rSm l;oGm;wJhvlawG&JU OD;aESmufudk "mwfvkdufatmifvkyfNyD; uk&w,fwJh . . . }}
]][if . . . [kwfvm; . . . trav; . . . udk,fusKd;enf;ygNyD . . . }}
]][m . . . b,fuvm . . . uufqufeJY oDcsif;em;axmifaewmyg . . . }}
ausmfat;uaNymNyD; bdkauhqDoGm; udkifvIyfvdkufonf/ bdkauu ZdrfESifh rSdef;ae&mrS rsufpdzGifh
BunhfNyD; . . .
67
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][m . . . tbGm;wdkYawmif a&mufaeBuNyD . . . vm . . . vm . . . xdkifBu . . . }}

oufSnfrSm tdrfxJ 0ifuwnf;u rsufpdusaeaom qdkzmBuD;ay: aNcypfvufypf xdkifcsvdkuf
onf/ qdkzmu tdceJ edrhfusoGm;oNzifh . . .
]][m . . . uRHusNyD . . . }}
qdkNyD; vefYckefxonf/ NyD;rS tomav; Nyefxdkifonf/ tbGm;wifhuawmh qdkzmay: aqmifhaBumihf
wufxdkif\/
]]tJ'Dvdk rxdkif&bl; tbGm;&JU . . . 'Dvdk aNccsxdkif&w,f . . . }} [k bdkauu aNymonf/
tbGm;wifhu . . .
]]ig xdkifwwfovdk xdkifyg&ap . . . }}
aTrdonf qdkzmudk zdprf;BunhfNyD;rS r&Jw&J 0ifxdkifvdkufonf/
]]uJ . . . xdkifBuygOD; . . . tarmaNyaomuf&atmif tat;wpfckck oGm;,lvdkufOD;r,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u aNymNyD; twGif;cef;xJ 0ifoGm;onf/
ckrSyif bdkau0wfpm;xm;yHkudk owdNyKrdBu\/ umwGef;kyfygaom wDSyfESihf abmif;bDyGyGBuD;udk
0wfxm;onf/ oufSnfu . . .
]]rif; pGyfus,ftusu aumif;vScsnfvm; . . . }}
]]'g pGyfus,fr[kwfbl;uG . . . wDSyfvdkY ac:w,f . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu 0if . . .
]]bdkau&,f . . . rif;ES,fuG,f . . . b,fhES,faBumihf olrsm;abmif;bD ,l0wf&wmvJ . . . }}
]]Asm . . . 'g olrsm;abmif;bD r[kwfygbl; . . . }}
]][kwfygw,f . . . 'g 'Dtdrf&JU tdrfSifhabmif;bD Nzpf&r,f . . . olu ,pfrsKd; tifpyufawmf vm;
. . . Xmetkyfvm; . . . }}
]][m . . . tbGm;uvJ . . . 'g NrdKUrSm aemufqHk;ay:yHkpHAs . . . }}
]]odygbl;uG,f . . . wdkYrsm;i,fi,fuawmh ,pfrsKd;tifpyufawmfwdkY? XmetkyfwdkYqdk 'Dvdkabmif;
bDrsKd; 0wfwmyJ . . . 'geJY bkdau . . . eifu avmbaZmawGwdkufNyD; 'DavmufydkufqHawG &aewm awmif
&wemawG xyfSmcsifao;wmvm; . . . [if . . . }}
]]'DrSm tbGm;&JU . . . NrdKUay:rSmawmh odef;ESpfq,favmufqdkwm bmrSSdwm r[kwfbl; . . . tdrf
wpfvHk;awmif aumif;aumif;r0,favmufbl;As . . . }}
68
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]igwdkYu NrdKUrSmaerSmrS r[kwfyJ . . . }}
]]usKyfuawmh NrdKUrSmyJ aecsifw,f . . . 'DrSm ZdrfyJ tbGm;&JU . . . vdkcsifwm tukef&w,f . . .

a[m'DwkdufBuD;qdk&if Bunhfprf; . . . b,favmuf aumif;ovJ . . . rdk;vHkavvHkeJY avrkefwdkif;wdkuf awmif
rNydKEdkifbl; . . . &wemawG &NyD;&if tNyD;0,fypfvdkufr,f . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu HIUrJhvdkufNyD; wpfpHkwpfck aNymrnfNyKpOf ausmfat; twGif;cef;xJu xGufvmonf/
vifAef;uav;ay:wGif udkumudkvmAl;rsm; wif,lvmonf/ Aef;udk pm;yGJay:csNyD; Al;wpfAl;udk,l vuf
udkifuGif;av;xJ vufnKd;xnfh azmufceJ qGJzGifhvdkufonf/
ausmfat;vkyforQ pl;pdkufBunhfaeaom oufSnf rsufvHk;NyL;oGm;\/
]]tm;vHk; 0yfaeBu . . . }} [k atmfNyD; ausmfat;udk ckeftkyfvdkufonf/ ausmfat;rSm kwfw&ufrdkY
tidkufrdNyD; . . . ]][ . . . [ . . . }} [k a&Gwf&if; vJusoGm;onf/ udkumudkvmAl;u Burf;ay:rSm
vdrfhoGm;\/ oufSnfu udkumudkvmAl;udk aNy;aumuf tNyifodkY vTifhypfNyD;rS Nyef0yfaeonf/
]]cifAsm; . . . cifAsm; . . . bmvkyfwmvJ . . . }}
ausmfat;u vl;vJx&if; ar;onf/ oufSnfonf Burf;Nyifay:rSm0yf&if; em;ydwfxm;NyD;rS x&yf
vdkufum ausmfat;udk aphaphBunhfvsuf . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rif;tBuH 'gtukefyJvm; . . . }}
]]uRefawmf bmvkyfvdkYvJAs . . . }}
]]rif;u igwdkYudk vufypfAHk;eJYxkowfNyD; igwdkYaiGawGudk tydkifpD;rvdkY r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]][m . . . Asm . . . }}
bdkauu w[m;[m;&,fNyD; . . .
]]oufSnf&m . . . rif;uvJ awmfawmf'kH;a0;wJhaumifyJ . . . tJ'g vufypfAHk; r[kwfbl;uG
azsmf&nfAl; . . . aomufcsif&if tJ'DvdkyJ zGifhaomuf&w,f . . . tJ'g udkukvm;vdkY ac:w,f . . . }}
...
]][if; . . . udkukvm;wJh . . . }}
aTrdu rJhGJUa&Gwfonf/ ausmfat;u . . .
]]udkukvm; r[kwfygbl; . . . udkumudkvmyg . . . }} [k NyHK;aNym&if; Al;awGudk zGifhay;onf/
]]tJ'g b,fvkdaomuf&rSmvJ . . . }}
]]'Dtaygufuav;uae armhaomufHkygyJ . . . }}
aTrdu,l wpfiHkiHkNyD; zDGceJ axG;xkwfvdkuf\/
69
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]azsmf&nfxJrSm ykGufqdwfawG ygw,fxifw,f . . . GpdGpdeJY . . . }}
]][m . . . r[kwfygbl; . . . qdk'geJY pyfxm;vdkYyg . . . }}
bdkauu aTrdNzpfyHkudk rdefYrdefYBuD; NyHK;Bunhfaeonf/
***
]]ausmfat;udk awGYatmifSmygqdkwmuawmh [kwfoGm;NyD . . . aNryHkxJrSm aemufxyf nTef;xm;wJh

yifv,fudkNzwfNyD; yef;aygif;pHk&mt&yfudk oGm;avmhqdkwmu bmrSef;rodwm cufw,f . . . }}
bdkau? oufSnf? wufykESifh ausmfat;wdkY {nfhcef;wGif;Sd pm;yGJay:rSm aNryHkudkcs 0dkif;xdkif&if;
aqG;aEG;aeBuonf/ bdkauu pum;pvdkufaomtcg wufyku . . .
]]yifv,fudk Nzwf&r,fqdkawmh rEav;aum [kwf&JUvm;uGm . . . }}
oufSnfu ar;aphyGwfae&mrS . . .
]]pum;vdrfeJYrsm; a&;xm;wmvm; rodbl; . . . yifv,fu us,fw,f? awmifay:u Nrifhw,f . .
. us,fNrifh? usifhNrifh . . . [m . . . 'gvnf; r[kwfao;ygbl; . . . }}
ausmfat;u acgif;ukwfvdkufonf/ &moDOwku tdkufpyfpyfNzpfaeoNzifh tat;Al;rsm;,l&ef x
xGufoGm;onf/ xrif;pm;cef;xJu a&cJaowmSd&modkY avQmufoGm;NyD; wHcg;qGJzGifhvdkufonf/ ol yg;pyf
ta[mif;om; NzpfoGm;&\/ a&cJaowmxJrSm tat;Al;awGrSdawmh/ wNcm;ypnf;awGyg rSdawmhyJ tus?
vHkcsnf? rsufESmokwfyk0g paom t0wftpm;awG a&mufae\/
]][m . . . b,fvdkNzpf . . . }}
xdktcsdefwGif tbGm;wifhu olYtem;a&mufvmonf/
]]rif;wkdY NrdKUuvlawGrsm; tHhyg&JUuG,f . . . 'Davmufaumif;wJh ADdkBuD;xJrSm azsmf&nfAl;awG xnhf
vdkxnfh . . . bmrSwefzdk;rSdwJh [if;oD;[if;Guf? BuufOawG xnfhvdkxnfheJY . . . 'gaBumihf igu
t0wftpm;awG aNymif;xnfhxm;wm . . . }}
ausmfat;rSm &,fcsifaomfvnf; tbGm;wifhyg;pyfudk aBumufaomaBumifh r&,f0Hh/ acgif;omcgNyD; .
..
]]'g ADdkr[kwfygbl; tbGm;&JU . . . a&cJaowmvdkY ac:ygw,f . . . 'DxJxnhfxm;&if azsmf
&nfAl;wdkY bmwdkY at;aewmaygh . . . a&cJvdkcsif&if tay:u tqifhxJu ,l&w,f . . . BuufOwdkY
toD;tGufwdkYxnfhxm;&ifvJ ykyfwmwdkY odk;wmwdkY rNzpfawmhbl; . . . }}
]]odygbl;uG,f . . . ADdkrSwfvdkY igu tcef;xJawmif aTUcdkif;xm;rvm; pdwful;ao;w,f . . . [Jh .
. . 'geJY igwkdYudk bk&m;awGzl;&atmif vdkufydkYay;OD;av . . . }}
70
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][dk[mu rif;uGef;ykxdk;awmfBuD; . . . [dkbufu ppfudkif;awmifdk; . . . 'DbufrSmawGYvm; . . .

&efuif;awmif . . . [dku Nrifae&wm [dkt&ifwkef;uawmh atmifyifv,fuefaygh . . . }}
]]bm . . . atmifyifv,fuef . . . [kwfvm; . . . [m . . . [kwfNyD . . . aNrykHxJu yifv,f
udkausmfNzwf qdkwm 'gudkaNymwm Nzpfr,f . . . }}
bdkauu aNymvdkufonf/ ausmfat;u awGceJNzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]]tif; . . . NzpfEdkifw,fAs . . . 'gqdk . . . 'gqdk . . . [m . . . odNyDAsKdU . . . awmifay:u
yef;aygif;pHk&mt&yfqdkwm NyifOD;vGifudkaNymwmAs . . . NyifOD;vGifudk yef;NrdKUawmfvdkYvJ ac:w,fr[kwfvm; }}
wufyku . . .
]][kwfNyD . . . [kwfNyD . . . 'Dvdkqdk&if usKyfwdkY NyifOD;vGifudk oGm;BuHkyJaygh . . . }}
]]aeOD;av . . . aNryHkxJu aemufxyfnTef;xm;wmawGudk razmfEdkifao;yJ oGm;vdkY b,fNzpfrvJ . . .
NyD;awmh tbGm;wdkYvnf; bk&m;pHkatmif zl;ygapOD; . . . ppfudkif;wdkY? rif;uGef;wdkY ydkY&OD;r,f . . .}} [k
ausmfat;u aNymonf/
]]tif; . . . wNznf;Nznf;awmh kyfvHk;ay:vmNyD . . . }}
oufSnfu aNymvdkufonf/
***
]]tawmfyJAsm . . . cifAsm;udk arQmfaewm . . . }}

wdkufxJ0ifvmaom ausmfat;udk bdkauu qD;aNymonf/
]]bmvJ . . . aNryHkxJu pum;0Sufudk xyfazmfEdkifvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfygbl;Asm . . . udp SdvdkY . . . cifAsm a&cJaowmNyifwwfovm; . . .}}
]]Nyifawmh rNyifwwfbl; . . . NyifwJhqdkifawmh odw,f . . . bmNzpfvdkYvJ . . .}}
]]usKyftcef;xJu a&cJaowmu rat;vdkYAs . . . vdkufBunhfay;ygOD; . . .}}
bdkauu ausmfat;udk olYtcef;odkY ac:oGm;onf/ ausmfat;pdwfxJrSm 'Dvlawmh a&cJaowmwpf
vHk; xyf0,fvdkufNyefNyD[k xifrd\/ wu,fawmh 'Dvdkr[kwf/ tcef;xJ a&mufaomtcg . . .
]]bD,mat;at;av; aomufcsifvdkY reufuwnf;u a&cJaowmxJ xnfhxm;wmAs . . . vHk;0udk
rat;bl; . . .}} [k aNymNyD; vufnKd;nTefNyonf/ ausmfat; ][dkuf} ceJ NzpfoGm;onf/ NyD;rS ezl;udk
vuf0g;ESifh Nzef;ceJdkufNyD; . . .
72
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]aovdkufygawmhAsm . . . tJ'g a&cJaowm r[kwfbl;As . . . rD;cHaowmvdkY ac:w,f . . .}}

]]bm . . . rD;cJaowm . . . [kwfvm; . . . aBomf . . . 'guawmh tylay;wJh aowmudk; . . .
[if;awGbmawG aET;vdkY&wmaygh . . . }}
]]rD;cJaowm r[kwfygbl; . . . rD;cHaowm . . . rD;cHaowm . . . }}
]]rD;cHaowm . . . [kwfvm; . . . tJ'gu bmvkyf&rSmvJ . . . }}
]]aiGwdkY? &wemypnf;wdkY? ta&;BuD;wJh pmGufpmwrf;wdkY xnfhNyD; odrf;xm;vdkY&w,f . . . olcdk;
awGbmawG rzGifhEdkifbl;aygh . . . }}
]][m . . . olcdk;awmif rzGifhEkdifbl;qdkawmh usKyfqdk&if ydkqdk;rSmayghAsm . . .}}
]]r[kwfao;bl;avAsm . . . 'DrSm awGYvm; . . . aomhaygufoHk;ckawmif ygw,f . . . aomhoHk; qifh
cwfxm;&if zGifhzdkY rvG,fawmhygbl; . . . aomhawGudk ukd,fhbmom vHkatmif odrf;aygh . . . }}
]][m . . . [kwfNyD . . . usKyfwdkYaiGawGeJY aNryHkudk 'DxJrSm odrf;xm;&r,f . . . }} [k vlwpf&yf
pmeD;yg;Sdaom rD;cHaowmBuD;udk oabmuspGmyGwfBunhf&if; bdkauu aNymvdkufonf/
***
bdkauwdkYtkyfpkonf wdkufaSUrSm&yfxm;aom tiSm;um;[dkif;vwfum;ay:rS ypnf;rsm;udk o,fcs

aeBuonf/ bD,mawG? tcsKd&nfawG? aowmvdkuf/ yef;oD;? vdarmfoD;awG Ncif;vdkuf/ tom;bl; ig;bl;
awG? rkefYyHk;awG? wNcm;pm;aomufp&mawG/
]]awGYvm; . . . awmom;awG aumif;pm;aeBuwm . . .}}
NcH0if;wHcg;em;rS ra,mifrvnfBunhfaeaom a,musfm;wpfa,mufu twlwlygvmol rdef;rwpf
a,mufudk aNymNyaeNcif; Nzpf\/ a,musfm;rSm ausmfat;wdkY? bdkauwdkY vufpGyfa&mif;pOfu yGJpm;tNzpf
aqmifGufcJhol armifwD;Nzpf\/ rdef;ruawmh armifwD;ESifh rBumcP tvkyfwGJvkyfcJhzl;aom rdef;rvnf
rl,m Nzpf\/
]]olwdkYu yGaygufwdk;xm;vdkYvm; . . . }}
rl,mu ar;onf/
]][kwfw,f . . . pdefvufpGyfwpfuGif; a&mif;vdkufwm odef;ESpfq,favmuf &oGm;w,f . . . 'g
awmif igeJY avmfyefaygif;NyD; ESyfcsvdkufvdkY . . . wu,fu oHk;q,fhig;odef;avmuf wefwm . . . EdkYrdkYqdk
ESpfodef;oHk;odef;avmuf ay;HkeJY &w,f . . . rEav;om;wpfa,muf ygvmawmh odyfESdrfrSef;od&if vuf
vGwfoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY 'Davmufwdk;ay;vkduf&wm . . . }}
]]SifvJ yGJcaumif;aumif;&rSmaygh . . . }}
73
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]awmom;awGqDu wpfodef;&w,f . . . avmfyefu wpfodef;ay;w,f . . .}}

]]'geJYrsm; uRefrudk avmhuwfav;wpfckavmuf 0,fay;ygqdkwm tifwifwifvkyfaew,f . . .}}
]]ta&;xJ yGJnGefYcl;r,fhvleJY awGYaeNyefygNyD . . . 'DrSm . . . tckxuf q,fqru &r,fh tuGuf
wpfckSdw,f . . . tJ'gaNymcsifvdkY eifhudk vmac:wm . . .}}
]]aNymprf;ygOD; . . . [dkwpfcgvdk taBuG;awG ywfvnf0dkif;aewJhtbdk;BuD;udk oGm;cscdkif;wmrsKd;awmh
rvkyfeJYOD;aemf . . . tJ'Dwkef;u ydkufqHr&wJhtNyif uHaumif;vdkY taBuG;SifawG0dkif;dkufwm rcH&wm . . .}}
]]at;yg . . . ck[mu 'Dvdk[ . . . 'DaumifawG pdefvufpGyfudka&mif;NyD;awmh aemufwpfcga&mif;
&ifvnf; ulnDygOD;vdkY aNymw,f . . . 'gaBumifh olwdkYqDrSm &wemypnf;awG SdvdrfhOD;r,f . . . 'grS r[kwf
xyf&EdkifwJh taBumif;wpfckck SdvdrfhOD;r,fxifw,f . . . 'Dawmh eifvkyf&rSmu olwdkYxJ 0ifa&mNyD;awmh
b,fvdktaNctaeSdw,fqdkwm pHkprf;NyD; ighudk tquftoG,fvkyfzdkYyJ . . . }}
]]'Davmufu Nzpfygw,f . . .}}
]]uJ . . . 'gqdk eifBunhfprf; . . . olwdkYxJu b,faumifqdk&if vG,frvJvdkY . . .}}
rl,mu NcH0if;xJ vSrf;BunhftuJcwfNyD; . . .
]][dk kyfcyfoefYoefYu rEav;om;r[kwfvm; . . . olYudk z,fxm;vdkuf . . . tif; . . . [dk ykyk
aumifu aygawmawmeJY wlw,f . . . SnfSnfaumifuawmh aowmav;wpfvHk;awmif cg;csnfhatmif
o,fae&wm tNzpfSdr,frxifbl; . . . tJ . . . uwHk;? uwHk; . . . olqdk&if uyfvdkYvG,fEdkifw,f . . . }}
]]aocsmw,faemf . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . rl,mygqdkrS . . . 'Dtvkyfvkyfpm;vmwm b,favmufBumNyDvJ . . . kyf&nfudk
BunfhvdkufwmeJY tvkyfNzpfrNzpf cGJNcm;odygw,fSifh . . . }}
armifwD;u auseyfpGmNyKH;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]tNrefqHk; vkyfief;pawmh . . . }} [k aNymvdkuf\/
***
aTrdonf Burf;ay:rSmxdkifNyD; qdkzmESpfvHk;Bum;rS acsmif;Bunhfae\/ AD'D,dkZmwfum;udk Bunfhae

Ncif;Nzpf\/ tBurf;t&rf;awGcsnf;ygaom EdkifiHNcm;kyfSifum; Nzpfonf/
aTrdNzpfaeyHkudk ausmfat;u ar;vdkufonf/
]]raTrd . . . tay:u xdkifBunhfygvm; . . . bmNzpfvdkY tJ'DvdkBuD; Bunhfae&wmvJ . . .}}
74
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]tdk . . . [dkrSm aoewfawGypfaewm rNrifbl;vm; . . . rawmfwq vludkvmrSef&if b,fhES,f

vkyfrvJ . . . 'gaBumihf tumtuG,f,lNyD; Bunhfwm . . . }}
ausmfat;u &,f . . .
]]aBomf . . . raTrduvJ . . . AD'D,dkNyaewmyJ[m . . . wu,fypfaewmrS r[kwfyJ . . . 'g vnf;
kyfSifNyovdkygyJ . . . }}
aTrdu Suf&,f&,f . . .
]]odygbl;awmf . . . olwdkY[mu wu,fypfcwfaewm usaewmyJ . . .}}
]]tif; . . . ckaemufydkif; 0ifvmwJh wDADawG atmufpufawGu odyftqifhNrifhvmawmh raTrdvefY
r,fqdkvnf; vefYp&myJ . . . toHawGu odyfobm0uswmudk; . . . uJ . . . at;at;aq;aq;om
xdkifBunhfyg . . . bmrS rNzpfygbl; . . . }}
]]awmfygNyD . . . rBunhfcsifawmhbl; . . . olwdkY[mu aoewfcsnf; ypfaewmyJ . . .}} [k
aTrduaNymNyD; rD;cvkwfudk oGm;ydwfrnfNyKonf/
]]tm . . . rD;cvkwfudk 'gdkufrydwf&bl; . . . wDADucvkwfudk t&ifydwf&w,f . . . tJ . . . a[m'D
&Drk'fuGefxdk;eJY ydwfvdkYvnf;&w,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u aNym&if; ta0;xdef;ud&d,mav;udk ,l wDADbufcsdefNyD; cvkyfESdyfvdkufonf/ wDAD
tvdktavsmufydwfoGm;onfudkNrif aTrd oabmusoGm;\/
]]w,f[kwfygvm; . . . }}
aTrdu ta0;xdef;ud&d,mukd,l wHcg;0bufcsdefNyD; cvkwfESdyfvdkufonf/
]][if . . . wHcg;vnf; ydwfroGm;ygvm; . . .}}
]]aBomf . . . 'gu wDADydwfzdkYtwGufyJ vkyfxm;wm . . . wNcm;[mawGawmh ydwfvdkY r&bl;av . .}}
]]aBomf . . . odygbl;awmf . . .}}
]]'geJY udkbdkauwdkYa&m . . .}}
]]apmapmuyJ ysif;w,f? avQmufvnfr,fqdkNyD; xGufoGm;BuwmyJ . . .}}
]]tbGm;wifhaum . . .}}
]]rD;zdkxJrSm bmawGtvkyfIyfaerSef; rodygbl; . . .}}
]]tif; . . . raTrdaum 'DrSmae&wm aysmf&JUvm; . . .}}
75
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]bk&m;awGzl;&wmawmh aumif;ygw,f . . . 'gayr,fh 'DwdkufxJrSm ae&wm pdwfusOf;usyfw,f . .

. awmrSmavmuf rvGwfvyfbl; . . .}}
]]'gqdk vrf;av;bmav; xGufavQmufygvm; . . . tysif;aNyaygh . . .}}
]]usKyfu oGm;wwfvmwwfwm r[kwfbl; . . . awmfBum tdrfrNyefwwf&if cufr,f . . .}}
]]tpfudk tazmfvdkufay;r,fav . . .}}
]]aumif;om;yJ . . .}}
]]uJ . . . t0wftpm;av;bmav; oGm;vJ . . .}}
]]tdk . . . tvSLoGm;wmrS r[kwfwm . . . bmvJaep&m vdkvdkYvJ . . .}}
ausmfat;uNyHK; . . .
]]'gqdkvnf; tbGm;wifhudk oGm;cGifhawmif;vdkufOD; . . .}}
aTrd rD;zdkcef;buf0ifoGm;onf/ tbGm;wifhu ausmfat;ESifhqdkvQif cGifhNyKrSmaocsmonf/
***
ausmfat;onf aTrdESifh wlwlwGJavQmufoGm;&oNzifh awmfawmf auseyfaeonf/ aTrdonf awm

rSmaepOfuwnf;u vSrSef; odomaecJholNzpf\/ ckvdk NrdKUudka&mufvmNyD; oyf&yfpGm 0wfpm;qif,ifvdkuf
aomtcg yHkpHu dk;aeonfhwdkif waoG;warG; vScsifwdkif; vSaeawmh\/ olwdkYESpfa,muf wGJavQmufoGm;
Buaomtcg rEav;NrdKUBuD;om;rsm;uyif aTrdudk *kwpdkuf BunhfoGm;&onf/ 'gudk ausmfat;u tvGef
*kPf,laerd\/
wpfckyJSdonf/ aTrdu vrf;avQmufNrefonf/ qwfawmuf qwfawmufESifh cyfoGufoGufavQmuf
oGm;&m ausmfat;rSm aemufrusef&pfatmif tawmf BudK;pm;vdkufavQmuf&\/
wpfae&mwGif aTrdu wdkufawGay:armhBunhf&if; aNymonf/
]]NrdKUuvlawG[m awmfawmf apwemo'gw&m; xufoefw,faemf . . .}}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ aTrd&JU . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . usKyfwdkYawmrSmqdk tvSLvkyfcsif&if bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm ',ftdk;BuD;awG oGm;iSm;& w,f
. . . NrdKUuvlawGuawmh ',ftdk;awG wpfcgwnf;0,fxm;BuwmyJ . . . tvSLvkyf&if iSm;p&mrvdk awmhbl;
. . . NyD;awmh ',ftdk;BuD;awGuvnf; tBuD;BuD;awG . . . qefwpfwif;avmufawmh aumif;
aumif;csufvdkY&w,f . . . [dkrSmBunhfygvm; . . . }}
76
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
qkdNyD; wdkufrsm;\acgifrdk;ay:rSm wyfxm;aom N*dK[fwkkyfoHzrf;onfh pavmif;awGudk vufnKd;xdk;

Nyonf/ ausmfat;u &,fcsifpdwfudk rsKdodyfNyD; . . .
]][m . . . tJ'g ',ftdk;r[kwfbl; . . . pavmif; . . . }}
]][if . . . 'DavmufBuD;wJhpavmif;u bmudk oGm;zHk;rSmvJ . . . }}
]]pavmif;zkH;r[kwfygbl; . . . N*dK[fwkuvTifhwJh kyfoHawGudk wdkufdkufzrf;wJh ud&d,mudk aNymwm }}
]]b,fN*dK[fu vTifhwmvJ . . . awmfBum ygyN*dK[fu[mawGqdk b,faumif;rvJ . . . }}
ausmfat; acgif;ukwfvdkufonf/
]]tJ . . . [dk . . . aemufawmhrS uRefawmf Sif;Nyyghr,f . . . }}
]]tif; . . . um;awG vlawGuvnf; Iyfvdkufwm . . . rsufpdaemufvmNyD . . . Nyefr,f . . . }}
]]aumif;ygw,f . . . NyefwmyJ aumif;ygw,f . . . }}
tNyefvrf;rSm aTrdu a&cJrkefYESifh EdkYat;acsmif; pm;csifw,fqdkoNzifh 0,fauR;&ao;onf/ vuf
wpfzufu a&cJrkefY? wpfzufu EdkYat;acsmif;udkifNyD; wpfvSnfhpDpm;vmchJ&m vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;u txl;
tqef;vdk BunhfoGm;Buonf/
***
aTrdESifhoGm;&wm *Gusovdkyif bdkauwdkYESifhoGm;vm&mrSmvnf; udk;uefYvefYawG Nzpf&onf/
wpf&ufrSm oufSnfESifhtwl NrdKUxJxGuf&if; vli,fESpfa,mufqHk&mrS wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf
vuf0g;csif;dkufvdkufBuwmawGYawmh . . .
]]tJ'g bmvkyfwmvJ . . . }} [k oufSnfu ar;onf/ ausmfat;u ckacwfvli,fawG awGY&if
'DvdkyJEIwfqufBuaBumif; NyefaNymonf/ oufSnfu odyfoabmusoGm;onf/
qufavQmufoGm;Bu&if; armfawmfum;awGudk vrf;Sifay;aom ,mOfxdef;&JudkNrifonf/ olwdkYtem;
u NzwftavQmufrSm ,mOfxdef;&Ju um;udkwm;&ef vufaNrmufvdkuf\/ 'gudk oufSnfu olYudkEIwf
qufwmyJxif ,mOfxdef;\vuf0g;udk olYvuf0g;Nzifh aNzmif;ceJdkufvdkufNyD; . . .
]][J . . . [J . . . aeaumif;vm; . . . }}
,mOfxdef;u yxr aBumifoGm;onf/ aemufawmh . . .
]]cifAsm; bmvkyfwmvJ . . . }}
qdkNyD; rsufESmxm; wif;oGm;onf/ ausmfat;u renf;awmif;yefvdkYom 0w&m;aESmifh,SufrINzifh
ta&;,lrcH&Ncif;Nzpf\/
77
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
wufykusawmh wpfrsKd;/ wdkufBuufrsKd;aumif; vdkcsifw,fqdkoNzifh vdkufSm&onf/ rEav;NrdKUBuD;

ay:rSmawmh b,fvdkrSSmr&/ awmifNrdKUbufrSm SdonfBum; vdkuf&onf/ tif;0bufudk nTef xyfvdkuf
&onf/ [dka&mufawmh GmawGtxd qif;&onf/ awGYNyefawmhvnf; pdwfwdkif;rus/ azmif;rS? Nym;rS vkyfae
onf/ GmcHawGu Smxm;ay;ygrnf? wpfywfavmufae&if NyefvmcJhyg[k rSmvdkufonf/
bdkauuawmh um;wpfpD;0,fcsifw,f vkyfvm\/ xdkYaBumihf yGJpm;awGESifhqufNyD; um;SmBu
onf/ bdkauu wpfpD;rSrBudKuf/ aemufaeYrSqufSmrnfqdkNyD; Nyeftvm vrf;wpfae&mwGif bdkauu
tiSm;um;q&mudk &yfcdkif;NyD; um;ay:rS qif;aNy;oGm;onf/ olqif;oGm;&modkYBunhfNyD; ausmfat; [dkufceJ
NzpfoGm;onf/
]]udkbdkau . . . aeOD; . . . aeOD; . . . }}
qdkNyD; aNy;vdkuf&onf/ bdkauuawmh opfyif&dyfrSm &yfxm;aom um;em;a&mufoGm;NyD; um;bD;
vJwyfaeaom ,mOfarmif;udk bdkauu ar;vdkufonf/
]]'Dum; a&mif;rvm; . . . aps;aumif;ay;r,f . . . }}
,mOfarmif;u aBumifBunhfaeonf/ vmaemufaew,f[k xif[efSd\/ ausmfat;u ab;rSm0if
&yfNyD; bdkauhvufarmif;udk qGJvdkufpOf . . .
]]usKyfu 'Dum;rsKd;rS BudKufwm . . . b,favmufvSovJ . . . awGYvm; . . . tay:rSm yef;cuf
awGbmawGeJY . . . um;uvnf; txJrSm tus,fBuD;yJ . . . }}
]]udkbdkau . . . vm . . . vm . . . }}
qdkNyD; twif;qGJac:vmonf/
]]aeygOD;Asm . . . aps;awmif raNym&ao;bl; . . . }}
]]udkbdkau&,f . . . cufawmhwmyJ . . . tJ'g edAmef,mOfBuD;As . . . }}
]][m . . . emrnfudku vmbfaumif;aeNyD . . . usKyf &atmif0,fr,fAsm . . . }}
bdkauu kef;NyD; NyefvSnhfrnfNyK\/ ausmfat;u twif;qGJxm;NyD; . . .
]]edAmef,mOfqdkwm tokbum;udk aNymwmAs . . . }}
]][if . . . [kwfvm; . . . odygbl;Asm . . . um;uvSvGef;vdkY . . . tif; . . . NrdKUuvlawGrsm;
aowmawmif w,f pwdkifusoudk; . . . }}
aemufqHk;awmh ausmfat;u um;0,fcsifvQif &wemypnf;awG&NyD;rS taumif;qHk;udk 0,fpD;yg/
avmavmq,f tNywfiSm;xm;vdkY&ygw,f[k tBuHay;NyD; olwdkYtm;vHk; pD;vdkY&atmif awmif;athpfwpfpD;
iSm;vdkuf&\/
***
78
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tbGm;wifhonf NrdKUay:rSmae&wmudk pdwfysufNiD;aiGYvmNyD/ bk&m;awGvnf; pHkatmif zl;NyD;NyDNzpf

vlBuD;wpfa,muftzdkY NynfhpHkoGm;NyD/ wpfaeYwpfaeY wdkufxJrSmcsnf; atmif;ae&wmudk pdwfnpfvSNyD/ tNyif
xGufNyefawmhvnf; um;awGvlawG Iyf,SufcwfNyD; rsufpdaemufonf/ wpfcgwpfcg rl;awmifrl;vmonf/
tpuawmh bk&m;awGzl;NyD;vQif bdkauwdkYudk em;csNyD; awmudkNyefac:oGm;rnf[k pdwful;cJhonf/ ck
twdkif;qdkvQif Nyefac:vdkY &rSmr[kwfawmh/
pdwfIyf&wJhtxJ rdef;rwpfa,mufu tdrfazmfvdkw,fqdkvdkYqdkNyD; vmar;ao;onf/ rdef;ryHkpHu
rsufpdupm;vGef;onf/ tbGm;wihfu odyfoabmrus/ tdrfazmfvdkw,fvdkYvnf; wpfcgrS raNymcJhzl;/
xdkYaBumihf rvdkbl;[k tNywfaNymvTwfvdkuf&onf/
tbGm;wifhu ol GmudkNyefOD;r,f[k aNymaomtcg ausmfat;ESifh aTrdwdkYu wm;Buonf/ bdkau
wdkYuawmh tbGm;wifhudk wm;vnf;wm;csifonf/ tbGm;wifhrSdvQif &wemawGSmzdkYudpudk ydkvGwf
vGwfvyfvyf NyKvkyfEdkifrnfNzpfaomaBumihf Nyefvnf; Nyefapcsifonf/
]]igu 'DNrdKUrSm BumBumraeEdkifbl;uG,fh . . . Bum&if rsufpdIyfem;IyfeJY toufwdkoGm;vdrfhr,f . . .
NyD;awmh igh,mcif;av;udk olrsm;eJY vTJxm;cJh&wmudkvnf; pdwfrcsbl; . . . wm;r&vdkYom xm;cJh&w,f . . .
rif;wdkYudkvnf; GmudkyJ Nyefapcsifwm . . . ig aemufqHk;rSmcJhcsifwmu avmbudk wwfEdkifoavmuf
ESdrfBuzdkYyJ . . .}} [k tbGm;wifhu aNymonf/
tbGm;wifhoGm;cgeD;wGif aTrdu . . .
]]tbGm; GmNyefr,fqdkawmh usKyfvnf; vdkufcsifvdkufwm . . . 'DrSmae&wm odyfraysmfvSbl;
tbGm;&JU . . .}}
]]ighaNr;u vdkufvdkYrNzpfao;bl; . . . [dktaumifoHk;aumif r[kwfwmrvkyf&atmif apmifhBunhfzdkY
aecJhOD;rS NzpfrSm . . . taBumif;udpSd&if armifausmfat;udk wdkifyifNyD; tultnDawmif; . . . Bum;vm; . . .
'Doli,fu dk;om;aNzmifhrwfw,f . . . }} [k rSmcJhonf/
***
tbGm;wifh vSnf;BuHKpD;NyD; GmxJ0ifvdkufaomtcg Nrifvdkuf&aomNrifuGif;aBumihf tHhBooGm;&

onf/
Gmuvlrsm;onf aygufwl;aygufNym;awGESifh wGif;awGwl;aeBuonfrSm [dkem;wpfwGif;? 'Dem;wpf
wGif;/ vrf;wpfavQmufawGYolawGu tbGm;wifhudk vSrf;EIwfqufBuonf/
]]tbGm; . . . bdkauwdkY NrdKUrSm awmfawmfaumif;pm;aerSmayghaemf . . . }}
tbGm;wifhu acgif;ndwfNyonf/ vSnf;orm;u . . .
79
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]tJ'gyJ Bunhfawmh tbGm;a& . . . bdkauwdkY tdrfomwGif;wl;&mu pdefvufpGyf&w,fBum;vdkY wpf

GmvHk; wGif;csnf;wl;aeBuwmyJ . . . nn vrf;avQmuf&ifawmif b,fwGif;xJ vdrfhusrvJvdkY pdk;&drfae&
w,f . . . wpfcsKdUawGu udk,fwdkifrwl;EdkifvdkY vliSm;wl;&w,f . . . wGif;wl;cawmif aps;wufukefNyD . . . }}
]]bmawG &BuowJhvJ . . .}}
]]bm&rSmvJAsm . . . tdk;Ncrf;uGJwdkY? cHkzdeyftNywfwdkY? oHyHk;pkwfwdkYyJ &wmaygh . . .}}
]]tif; . . . avmbawG? avmbawG . . . ightaumifawGvnf; avmbrS owfEdkifBuyghrvm; . . .}}
tdrfwpftdrfaSUodkY vSnf;tNzwfwGif wGif;wl;aeaomomat;u vSrf;EIwfqufNyD; . . .
]]AsKdU . .tbGm;wifh . . . tbGm;wifhwdkYtdrfu wGif;wl;wkef;u teuf b,favmufwl;&ovJAs . . .}}
[k vSrf;ar;onf/ tbGm;wifh pdwftcsOfaygufvmoNzifh . . .
]]aNcmufay av;aya[h . . . aNcmufay av;ay . . .}} [k Nyefatmfvdkufonf/ omat;
acgif;ukwfNyD;usefcJhonf/
***
yGJpm;armifwD;ESihf rl,mwdkYonf olwdkYtBuHtpnfudk taumiftxnfazmfonf/ rl,mu bdkauudk

rdwfzGJYNyD; 0ifa&mzdkYyif Nzpf\/
wpf&uf pm;aomufqdkifwpfckrSm bdkau bD,maomufaewkef; rl,ma&mufvmonf/ bdkauxdkif
ae&m pm;yGJSd&modkYoGm;NyD; . . .
]]tpfudku wpfa,mufwnf;vm; . . . }} [k ar;onf/ bdkauu acgif;ndwfNyonf/
]]tazmfrygawmh rysif;bl;vm; . . . }}
]]bmvdkY ysif;&rSmvJ . . . }}
]]wpfa,mufwnf;qdkawmh aNcmufuyfuyfBuD; NzpfaerSmaygh . . . nDrvnf; wpfa,mufwnf;ysif;
aewm . . . pum;av;bmav; aNym&atmifaemf . . .}}
qdkNyD; 0ifxdkifonf/ bdkauu awmfawmfrl;aeNyD/ olu rl,mudk pkdufBunhfvdkufonf/ rl,monf
tpGrf;ukefNc,fovmonf/ rdwfuyfawG EIwfcrf;eDawG qdk;xm;onf/ xdktcsufrSm olrSm;oGm;Ncif;Nzpf\/
bdkau\pdwfxJwGif Bunhfr&NzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]]rxdkifeJY . . . ig pum;raNymcsifbl; . . . awmfNyD . . . rl;vnf; rl;aeNyD . . . Nyefr,f . . . }}
qdkNyD; xxGufoGm;\/
***
80
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
xdktcg armifwD;ESifh rl,mwdkY wpfrsKd;BuHBuNyefonf/ bdkau nbufvrf;avQmufxGuftvmudk

wpfae&mrSmapmihfNyD; armifwD;u rl,mhudk tEdkifusifh dkufESufae[efaqmifonf/ bdkauu tNrifrawmfvdkY
0ifaNymvQif armifwD;u tavQmhay;NyD; xGufoGm;rnf/ xdktcg rl,mu aus;Zl;wifaBumif;aNym 0ifa&m
rnf[k BuHonf/ odkY&mwGif bdkauu . . . ]NrdKUrSmaewJhvifr,m;awGrsm; tdrfuusOf;NyD; ae&mrSdvdkY
xifw,f . . . &efNzpfwmawmif vrf;ay: xGufNzpfSmw,f . . .} [k awG;NyD; bmodbmom quf
avQmufoGm;avonf/
***
aemufwpfBudrfusawmh armifwD;u rl,mudk "m;ESifhaxmufNyD; tEkBurf;pD;[efaqmifonf/ bdkau

Bum;avmufatmif armifwD;u . . .
]]Sdwm tukefxkwfprf; . . . }} [k aNymonf/ ta&;xJrSm rl,mu . . .
]]ypnf;udkawmh csrf;omay;ygSif . . . }} [k rSm;aNymao;onf/ armifwD;u . . .
]]ta&;xJ OpmaNcmufaeNyefNyD . . . vludk csrf;omay;ygvdkY aNym&rSm[ . . . }} [k usdwfNyD;
Nyifay;&ao;onf/
bdkauu ol&Jaumif;vkyfNyD;0ifu,fvQif [efNyavmufckcHNyD; xGufaNy;rnf/ rl,mu Zmwfvrf;
qufzdkYNzpfonf/ vufawGYrSmawmh bdkauu 0ifru,fyJ . . .
]]vmBuygOD;AsKdU . . . "m;NyAsKdU . . . "m;Ny . . . }} [k atmfoNzifh ESpfa,mufom; vlawG0dkif;tHk
rvmcif vpfaNy;Bu&onf/
***
tbGm;wifh GmNyefcgeD;wGif ausmfat;udkac: bdkauwdkY r[kwfwmrvkyf&atmif xdef;odrf;&efESifh

aTrdudkapmihfaSmuf&ef rSmoGm;onf/ ausmfat;uvnf; uwday;vdkufonf/ aTrdudk apmihfaSmufzdkYuawmh
txl;awmif rSmp&mrvdk/ olu apmihfaSmufcsifvdkufwmrS/
olonf aTrdudk NrifNrifcsif; oHa,mZOfNzpfcJhrdonf/ aTrduvnf; wpfaeYwpfNcm; ydkydkvSvmonf/
wpfckSdwmu aTrdonf qwfqwfBuJ r[kwfrcHpdwfSdNcif;yif Nzpf\/ xdkYaBumihf pum;p&rSm cufaeonf/
wpf&ufrSmawmh aTrdudk aoG;wdk;prf;Bunhfonf/
]]raTrd rysif;bl;vm; . . . vrf;avQmufxGufOD;rvm; . . . }}
]]roGm;csifygbl; . . . rsufpdIyf em;Iyf . . . um;aSmif& pufbD;aSmif&eJY . . . }}
]]AD'D,dkav; bmav; Bunhfaygh . . . bmtacG BunhfcsifvJ . . . tpfudk oGm;iSm;ay;r,f . . . }}
81
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]awmfygNyD . . . tacGawGuvnf; Bunhf&vGef;vdkY dk;aeNyD . . . }}
ausmfat;u tuJcwfBunhfonf/ aTrdrsufESm BunfBunfomomSdoNzifh pum;tpysKd;vdkuf\/

]]raTrdu GmrSm uGrf;awmifudkifqdk . . . }}
]]vlBuD;awGu udkifcdkif;awmhvnf; udkifvdkuf&wmygyJ . . . }} [k tdk;cHtwdkif; NyefaNymonf/
]]raTrduvnf; vSwmudk; . . . }}
ausmfat; pum;wpfqifhwufvmonf/ aTrdu . . .
]][kwfvm; . . . usKyfudk vSw,fvdkYaNymwm udkausmfat;eJYygrS ESpfa,mufyJSdao;w,f . . . }}
]][if . . . wpfa,mufu b,folvJ . . . }} [k ausmfat;u pdk;&drfBuD;pGm tavmwBuD;ar; onf/
]]tbGm;aygh . . . }}
qdkrS pdwfoufom&m &oGm;\/ taNctaeuawmh rqdk;vS/ &oavmuf qufaNymBunhfOD;rS[k
awG;NyD; . . .
]]'geJY aTrdudk wpfckar;&OD;r,f . . . }}
]]bmvJ . . . }}
]][dkav . . . [dk . . . nDruvSawmh pdwf0ifpm;wJhvlawG trsm;BuD;SdrSmyJaemf . . . }}
]][if . . . bmvkyfzdkY pdwf0ifpm;rSmvJ . . . }}
pdwf0ifpm;w,fqdkwmudk oabmayguf[efrwl/ xdkYaBumihf ydk yGifhyGifhvif;vif;aNymzdkY qHk;Nzwf
vdkufNyD; . . .
]]tJ . . . 'Dvdkav . . . ckaersm; wpfa,mufa,mufu aTrdudk cspfw,fvdkYaNymvm&if aTrd
b,fvdkwkHYNyefrvJ[if . . . }}
]]yg;csvdkufrSmaygh . . . }}
aTrdu yufceJNyefaNymvdkufonf/ ausmfat; vefYoGm;\/
]]'geJY aeprf;ygOD; . . . tJ'Dvdk b,folu aNymrSmrdkYvJ . . . }}
]]tpfudk . . . tJ . . . r[kwfbl; . . . b,folrS r[kwfygbl; . . . }} [k aNymNyD; xvpfaNy;&
av\/
***
82
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
yGJpm;armifwD;u 'dkifbmvdkw,f owif;Bum;vdkYqdkNyD; tvkyfvmavQmufonf/ olYudk bdkauwdkY

Nrifzl;xm;oNzifh EIwfcrf;arT;? rkwfqdwfarT;wyfNyD; kyfzsufvmonf/ rl,mudkvnf; e,frSa&mufvmolwpf
a,mufvdk dk;dk;av; 0wfpm;NyifqifapNyD; ac:vmonf/
armifwD;u olwdkYarmifESrESpfa,mufrSm e,frSvmNcif;NzpfaBumif;? pm;p&m? aep&m&vQif auseyfNyD
NzpfaBumif;? rdrdrSm um;aumif;aumif;armif;wwfaBumif;? rdrd\nDrav;udkvnf; tdrfrSm cdkif;vdk&mcdkif;Edkif
aBumif; aNym\/
bdkauonf rl,mudk wpfcsufBunhfvdkuf\/ olYpdwfxJrSm rl,mudk &if;&if;ESD;ESD;odcJhzl;ovdkvdk xif
rd\/ trSefrSm pm;aomufqdkifxJrSm ol bD,mrl;aewHk; awGYzl;Ncif;Nzpf\/ xdkpOfu rl,monf rdwfuyf awG?
EIwfcrf;eDawGESifh NyL;NyL;NyJNyJvkyfxm;oNzifh rrSwfrdNcif;Nzpf\/
rl,mu pdkuftBunhfcH&oNzifh SufoGm;[ef acgif;iHkYvdkufNyD; rsufvHk;GJBuD;rsm;Nzifh wpfcsuf zswfceJ
vSefBunhfvdkufonf/ bdkauu BuufoD;xcsifovdk NzpfoGm;&\/
]]tif; . . . aumif;NyDav . . . 'DaeYupNyD; tvkyfcefYvdkufr,f . . . 'Du . . . 'Du b,fol . . . }}
]]rl,mygSifh . . . }}
]]rl,muawmh 'Dtdrfay:rSmyJ aeaygh . . . aTrdtwGufvnf; tazmf&wmaygh . . . }}
]]usKyftwGuf tazmfrvdkygbl; . . . tdrfay:rSmawmh rxm;eJY . . .}} [k aTrdu 0ifaNymonf/
olonf rl,mudk pNrifuwnf;u BunhfvdkYr& Nzpfae\/ ausmfat;uvnf; xdkYtwlyif/ bdkauu NAKef;
pm;BuD; tvkyfcefYcsvdkufoNzifh 0ifaNym&cufaeNcif; Nzpf\/
]]tJ . . . tJ'gqdkvnf; cifAsm;wdkYarmifESrESpfa,muf *dkaxmifxJrSmyJ aeBuaygh . . . um;xm;wJh
ae&mrSm tcef;av;wpfcef;Sdw,f . . . }}
]][kwfuJh . . . aus;Zl;BuD;rm;vSygNyDcifAsm . . . }}
oufSnfESifh wufykwdkYu armifwD;wdkYudk um;*dkaxmifqD ac:oGm;onf/ olwdkYxGufoGm;awmhrS
ausmfat;u . . .
]]udkbdkau . . . bmNzpfvdkY olwdkYudk ac:xm;vdkufwmvJAs . . . uRefawmfwdkYudpu vlpdrf;awG
eD;eD;em;em;SdvdkY roifhawmfbl;av . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . usKyfvnf; oabmrusbl; . . . }}
]]olwdkYu e,fuvmwJh dk;dk;wHk;wHk;awGygAsm . . . bmrS em;vnfyHk ray:ygbl; . . . NyD;awmh cdk
udk;&mrJhaeSmwJhvlawG . . . oem;ygw,f . . . usKyfwdkYtwGuf um;armif;ay;r,fhvlvJ vdkw,fr[kwf vm;
. . . cifAsm;uvnf; [dkem;'Dem;armif;wmawmif cPcP wdkufrdrvdk Nzpfaewm . . . }}
bdkauudk aNymvdkY&rSmr[kwfrSef; ausmfat;odonf/ xdkYaBumihf . . .
83
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]bmyJNzpfNzpf owdawmh xm;zdkYvdkvdrfhr,f . . . NyifOD;vGifudk oGm;wJhtcgus&if ac:oGm;vdkYrNzpf

bl; . . .}}
]]'gawmh BunhfvkyfwmayghAsm . . .}}
***
armifwD;onf um;udk BuufarT;ESifh zkefokwfae\/ bkdau? wufykESifh oufSnfwdkY tdrfxJrSxGuf

vmNyD; um;qDavQmufvmBuonf/ armifwD;u ysmysmovJqD;BudKNyD; aSUcef;wHcg;zGifhay;onf/ bdkau
oabmusoGm;NyD; armifwD;\ycHk;udkykwf um;xJ0ifxdkifvdkufonf/
oufSnfuvnf; tm;usrcH aemufcef;wHcg;udk vufnKd;xdk;Nyonf/ armifwD;rSm um;aSUrSywf
aNy;vmNyD; aemufcef;wHcg;udk zGifhay;onf/ oufSnfu bkdauvkyfovdk ycHk;udkykwfNyD; 0ifxdkifNyefonf/
wufykonfvnf; olwdkYvdk wHcg;zGihfcdkif;csifonf/ odkY&mwGif awmif;athpfum;u aemufcef;wGif
qGJwHcg;wpfckom ygonf/ xyfzGifhp&mrvdkawmh/ xkdYaBumihf olu um;aemufzHk;udkom vufnKd;xdk;Nyvdkuf
&onf/
armifwD;u aBumifBunhfaeonf/ wufyku pdwfwdkNyD; armifwD;tusudk qGJvdkufNyD; aemufzHk;wH
cg;udk ykwfNyonf/ armifwD;u acgif;ndwfNyD; uysmu,m zGifhay;vdkuf&onf/ wufyku armifwD;\ausm
udk ykwfNyD; aemufbufrSywf0ifum ulSifawGudk ausmfcGwufNyD;rS 0ifxdkifonf/
armifwD; oufNyif;rIwfxkwfvdkuf&\/
***
aTrdonf rD;zdkcef;xJrSm [if;csufzdkY Nyifqifaeonf/ bdkauwdkYu tom;Al;awG? ig;aowmawG

0,fay;xm;aomfvnf; olu rpm;csif/ tom;awGudk 'DavmufBumBum bl;xJ xnhfodrf;xm;wm b,fvdk
vkyf vwfqwfawmhrSmvJ[k olu xifonf/
ig;[if;tdk;udk rD;zdkay:wifaewkef; . . .
]]rr . . . }} [k ac:oHBum;oNzifh vSnhfBunhfvdkuf&m rl,m ,dkY,dkYuav;&yfaewm awGYvdkuf&\/
]]b,fvdkac:vdkufw,f . . .}}
]][dk . . . rrvdkY . . .}}
]][if; . . . 'DtouftG,f 'DkyfBuD;eJYrsm; usKyfudk rrwJh . . .}}
]]aBomf . . . [kwf . . . tJ . . . nDrav; . . bmulvkyfay;&rvJvdkY . . .}}
84
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]bmrS vkyfp&mrSdbl; . . . usKyfbmom vkyfEdkifw,f . . .}}
]][dkav . . . q&mu nDrav;cdkif;wm ulvkyfay;&r,fqdkvdkY . . .}}
]]q&m . . . [kwfvm; . . . b,fu q&mvJ . . .}}
]]nDrav;&JU tpfudkBuD;av . . . udkbdkau . . . }}
]]udkBuD;bdkauu ausmif;q&mrS r[kwfyJ . . . }}
aTrdwHk;yHkaBumihf rl,m &,fcsifoGm;onf/ &,fvdkYawmhrNzpf/ Bunhf&wm rdrdudk odyfBunfyHkr&/ NyD;

awmh aTrdonf qwfqwfBuJav; Nzpf[efwl\/ pdwfrxifvQif awGY&mESifh aumufaygufrnfhyHkrsKd;/
xkdYaBumifh . . .
]]aBomf . . .tvkyfSifrdkY av;pm;vdkY q&mvdkYac:wmyg . . . tJ'g nDrav; bmcdkif;p&m SdovJvdkY}}
aTrd cPpOf;pm;vdkufonf/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]cPaeOD; . . . }}
qdkNyD; rD;zdkcef;xJrS xGufoGm;onf/ cPtBumrSm Nyef0ifvmonf/ vufxJrSm t0wfa[mif;awG
wpfyHkBuD;ygvmonf/
]]tJ'gawG avQmfvdkuf . . .}}
rl,mu . . . ]][kwfuJh . . .}} [k qdkNyD; t0wfawG,loGm;onf/ a&csKd;cef;xJrSm t0wfavQmfae
wkef; aTrda&mufvmNyefonf/ vufxJrSm NcifaxmifawG apmifawG ygvmonf/ rl,mudk ypfay;&if; . . .
]]tJ'gawGNyD;&if tdrfaSUcef;rSm Burf;awG aNymifatmifwdkufxm;vdkuf . . . Bum;vm; . . .}} [k
aNymNyD; xGufoGm;onf/ rl,mrSm t0wfyHkBuD;udkBunhf pdwfysufoGm;onf/
***
]]SifhvlawGu [kwfaum[kwf&JUvm; . . . tm;vHk; l;aygaygawGcsnf;yJ . . . [dkaumifrav;u

vnf; uRefrudk BunfyHkr&bl; . . . tvum;ae tvkyfrSdtvkyfSmNyD; cdkif;aewmyJ . . . vlvnf; yifyef;vdkY
aoawmhr,f . . . }}
nbuf um;*dkaxmifxJrSm NyefqHkBuaomtcg rl,mu nnf;nLonf/ armifwD;u . . .
]]enf;enf;awmh onf;nnf;cHNyD; aevdkufyguGm . . . 'DwpfcsDyGvdkuf&if tcsDBuD;yJ . . . wpfouf
xdkifpm;vdkY&r,f . . . [dkuwHk;udkom tydkifuyfNyD; olwdkYbmBuHaeovJqdkwm &atmifom pHkprf;yg[m . . .}}
]][if; . . . tcsDBuD;yJ&rvm; . . . toufyJxGufrvm;awmh rodbl; . . . }}
85
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
,mOfxdef;u aemufcef;xJBunhfNyD; oufSnfudkvufnKd;xdk; . . .
]]aBomf . . . [dkwpfcg uRefawmfvufNyvrf;Sif;aewkef; vuf0g;udk vmdkufwJhvludk; . . . }}

]][m . . . q&mygvm; . . . aeaumif;w,faemf . . . }}
oufSnfu EIwfqufonf/
]]aumif;yghoAsm . . . uJ . . . uJ . . . rdwfNzpfaqGNzpf vdkifpifuav;om rpyg . . . }}
armifwD;rSm HIUHIUrJhrJhESifh vdkifpifxkwfay;vdkuf&onf/
,mOfxdef;&Ju csvHpmGufNzwfay;NyD; xGufoGm;onf/ oufSnfu . . .
]]awmfawmf oabmaumif;w,faemf . . . usKyfu wpfcgwnf; zrf;ac:oGm;awmhr,f xifaewm }}
wufykuawmh . . .
]]'geJY tJ'DNzwfydkif;av;u bmvJ . . . r[m'kufrJ pmGufvm; . . .}}
]]b,fuvm r[m'kuf&rSmvJ . . . vdkifpifodrf;NyD; csvHNzwfay;oGm;wmAs . . . Hk;rSm 'PfaiG
oGm;aqmifzdkY ay;oGm;wm . . . }}
]]rodygbl;Asm . . . ckwavm uHprf;rJawG acwfpm;aevdkY ar;wmyg . . . }}
armifwD;rSm acgif;udkom wNAif;NAif;ukwfaevdkuf&onf/
***
bdkauonf tdrfxJrSm tdkufpyfpyfaeoNzifh yef;NcHxJodkY xGufvmcJhonf/ yef;yifawG a&avmif;ae

aom rl,mudk awGYoNzifh avQmufoGm;onf/ rl,mhudk aemufrSBunhf&if; . . . ]]e,fuvmw,fom qdkw,f .
. . udk,fvHk;ukd,faygufuawmh NrdKUolawGtwdkif;yJ . . . t[D; . . . }} [k awG;vdkufrd\/
]][J . . . [J . . . yifyef;aeNyDvm; . . . }}
tem;rSm&yf&if; ar;vdkufonf/ rl,mu vSnhfBunhfvdkufNyD; bdkauudkNrifawmh . . .
]]ryifyef;ygbl; q&mtpfudk&JU . . . }}
]]b,fvdk . . . b,fvdkac:vdkufw,f . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . q&mvdkY ac:awmhvJ olpdrf;qefw,fav . . . tpfudkvdkY ac:awmhvJ rav;pm;p&m
rsm; usaervm;vdkY . . . 'gaBumihf q&mtpfudkvdkY . . . }}
cRJwJwJ nKwkwktoHNzifh aNymvdkufonf/ bdkauu NyHK;NzD;NzD;BuD;NzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
87
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][if;[if; . . . [J . . . [J . . . tpfudkBuD;vdkYyJ ac:yg . . . &if;&if;ESD;ESD;aygh . . . }}

]][kwfuJh . . . }}
]]tJ . . . 'geJY 'Du . . . tJ . . . nDremrnfu b,fol . . . rmrlwJh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]tdk . . . b,fuvm . . . rmrlr[kwfygbl; . . . rl,myg . . . }}
]][kwfom;yJ . . . tpfudkBuD;u arhoGm;vdkY . . . tJ'geJY rl,mhudk wpfae&m&mrSm Nrifzl;ovdkyJ . . . }}
rl,m xdwfceJNzpfoGm;\/ odkY&mwGif tawGYtBuHK&ifhaeolrdkY rsufESmawmh ysufroGm;/
]]vlwlrSm; emrnfwlrSm;qdkwmrsKd; aerSmyg tpfudkBuD;&,f . . . rl,mwdkYu e,fua&mufvm
wmrS rBumao;yJ Opm . . . }}
&[ef;cHNyD; xGufvmw,fxifvdkY EIwfqufBuao;wmyJ . . . }}
]]tpfudkBuD;uvJ . . . odyfaemufwmyJ . . . }}
rl,mu &,f&if;aNymonf/ pdwfxJuawmh awmfawmfaBumifwJh iaygBuD;yJ[k usdwfaNymrd\/
xdkpOfwGif aTrdonf wdkufwHcg;0rS xGufvmonf/ bdkauESifh rl,mwdkYudk vSrf;Nrifaomtcg rsuf
ESmxm;wif;oGm;NyD; . . .
]]rl,m . . .}} [k vSrf;ac:vdkuf\/ rl,m rsufvHk;0dkif;oGm;NyD; vSnhfBunhfonf/ aTrdu avoH
rmrmNzifh . . .
]]bmvkyfaewmvJ . . . vmcJh . . . aemufaz;rSm yef;uefawG oGm;aq;av . . .}}
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh nDrav; . . .}}
rl,mu bdkauudk rsufvHk;GJESifh wpfcsufBunhfNyD; tdrfbufavQmufoGm;onf/
aTrdu bdkauhqDoGm;&if; ab;uNzwfoGm;aom rl,mudk rsufapmif;wpfcsuf xdk;vdkuf\/ rl,mu
aBumufGHU[ef acgif;uav;iHkYoGm;\/
aTrd bdkauhem;rSm&yfNyD; . . .
]]udkBuD;bdkau . . . tJ'Daumifrudk odyfta&mr0ifeJYaemf . . .}}
]]aBomf . . . aTrduvJ . . . olYcrsm tm;udk;&mrSdvdkY igwdkYqD tvkyfvmvkyfae&mSmwm . . .
oem;ygw,f . . . }}
]]usKyfuawmh BunhfvdkYudkr&bl; . . . rsufESmu NyDwDwDeJY . . . tJ . .cdkif;vdkYawmh aumif;om; . .}}
]]at;[ . . . iguvJ eifoufomatmifvdkY olYudkac:xm;wmyg[ . . . }}
88
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]'geJY tbGm;wpfa,mufvJ GmrSm b,fvdkaervJ rodbl;aemf . . . tbGm;udk owd&vdkufwm . . .

usKyf wpfacgufavmuf GmNyefBunhf& aumif;rvm;yJ . . . }}
]]tdk . . . rBumcif &wemawG &awmhrSmyJ . . . tJ'Dtcgusawmh tbGm;udk wpfcgwnf; NrdKUrSm
ac:xm;vdkufwmaygh . . . 'geJY udkausmfat;wpfa,mufvJ rNrifygvm;[ . . . }}
]]udk&ifwufykeJY tNyifxGufoGm;wmyJ . . . }}
***
wufyku ausmfat;udkac:NyD; tif;0bufodkYoGm;Ncif; Nzpf\/ armifwD;udk um;ESifhxm;cJhNyD; tif;0

buf ul;onf/ wdkufBuufrsKd;aumif;rSmxm;aom GmodkYoGm;NyD; &r&ar;onf/ GmuvlawGu aemufoHk;
av;&uftwGif; &ygrnf[k qdkNyefonf/
wufykrSm tNyefvrf;wpfavQmufvHk; wzspfawmufawmuf vkyfvm\/ wdkufBuufrSdoNzifh olYrSm
aerxdxdkifrom Nzpfae&onf/
rEav;NrdKUxJ 0ifvmNyD; wpfae&mta&mufwGif . . .
]][m . . . udkarmifwD; . . . um; cP&yfOD; . . . }} [k aNymoNzifh &yfay;vdkuf&onf/
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJAs . . . }}
ausmfat;u ar;&m . . .
]]usKyfwdkYGmu aumifrav;zGifhwJhqdkifeJY wlw,fAs . . . }} [k aNymNyD; um;ay:uqif; ukefya'
omqdkifwpfckqD avQmufoGm;onf/ ausmfat;vnf; acgif;ukwfNyD; aemufrS vdkufoGm;&\/
wufykonf qdkifxJ0ifNyD;aemuf yxrqHk;awGYaomaumifwmrS pma&;rav;udk . . .
]]rdeDaum . . . rdeD b,foGm;vJ . . . }} [k ar;vdkufonf/ pma&;rav;u . . .
]]rdeDqdkwm 'DrSm rSdygbl;Sif . . . }}
]][kwfvm; . . . cifAsm;emrnfuaum ruwfvm; . . . }}
]]Sif . . . [dk . . . }}
pma&;rav; aBumifawmifawmif Nzpfae\/ aemufuvdkuf0ifvmaom ausmfat;u . . .
]]a[hvl . . . cifAsm; bmawG avQmufaNymaewmvJ . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . usKyfwdkYGmu rdeDqdkwJhaumifrav; zGifhxm;wJhqdkif rSwfvdkY . . . }}
89
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]cifAsm;u b,fvdkvkyfodvdkYvJ . . . }}
]]tNyifrSm qdkif;bkwfa&;xm;w,fav . . . rdeDeJY ruwf qdkwm . . . }}
]][m . . . b,fuvm rdeDeJY ruwfvJAsm . . . rDeDrwfuwfyg . . . ukefya'omqdkifav;vdkY qdk

vdkwmAs . . . }}
]]odygbl;Asm . . . a':Nr&if 0uftlacsmif;wdkY? vSuav;pdef xdk;rkefYwdkYvdk vlemrnfa&;xm;wm
rSwfvdkY . . . tJ . . . ypnf;awGawmh awmfawmfpHkwmyJ . . . }}
xkdtcg ta&mif;pma&;rav;rsufESm NyHK;TifoGm;NyD; . . .
]][kwfygw,fSif . . . vdkcsifwm tukef&ygw,f . . . bmrsm; tvdkSdygovJ . . . Bunhfyg . . . }}
wufyku qdkifxJ rsufvHk;upm;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]wdkufBuufrsKd;aumif;aumif; rSdbl;vm; . . .}}
]]Sif . . . }}
]][mAsm . . . 'g wdkufBuufa&mif;wJhae&mrS r[kwfwm . . . }} [k ausmfat;u 0ifaNymawmh . . .
]]'geJY vdkcsifwm tukef&w,fqdk . . . }}
pma&;rav; acgif;ukwfaeonf/ ausmfat;u . . .
]]'DvdkygAsm . . . olu Buufwdkuf0goem ygvdkYyg . . . tJ'gqdk Buufwdkufwrf;upm;wmygwJh AD
'D,dk*drf; rSdbl;vm; . . . }}
]]tJ'gawmh rSdbl; . . . abmvHk;uefwmwdkY? vufa0SYxdk;wmwdkYygwJh AD'D,dk*drf;awGawmh Sdygw,f}}
]]uJ . . . tJ'gyJ ay;Asm . . . }}
]]usKyfu ADdk bmvkyf&rSmvJAs . . . }}
wufyku aNymonf/ ausmfat;u Sif;Ny&Nyefonf/
]]ADdkr[kwfbl; . . . AD'D,dk*drf; . . . tysif;aNyupm;wm . . . tdrfusawmh uRefawmf oifay;r,f . .
. }}
***
bdkauu uwHk;udkyGwfae&if;rS . . .
]]b,fvdkvJ udkausmfat; . . . aNryHktnTef;udk aSUqufNyD; razmfEdkifawmhbl;vm; . . . NyifOD;vGif
qdkwmavmufeJY &yfaewm cufw,fAsm . . . usKyfawmh NyifOD;vGifudk wpfcgwnf;awmif wufoGm;csif w,f
. . . [dkrSm taNcpdkufNyD; BudK;pm;rvm;vdkYawmif pdwful;w,f . . . }}
90
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]odyfvJ pdwfrapmygeJYav . . . uRefawmfhtxifawmh tckqufazmf&r,fh pum;0Suf[m ta&;BuD;

qHk;tqifhvdkY xifw,f . . . 'gudkazmfEdkif&if aemuftqifhawG[m odyfrcufEdkifawmhygbl; . . . 'Dawmh
uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY rdk;ay:uusonfha& . . .}}
aNym&if; ausmfat; pum;&yfoGm;onf/ rl,mu tat;Al;awGudk Aef;ESifhwifNyD; vmydkYaomaBumifh
Nzpf\/ ausmfat;u rl,mudk wpfcsuf rausreyfpdkufBunhfonf/ NyD;awmh avoHqwfqwfNzifh . . .
]]tat;Al;awG b,folu vmydkYcdkif;vdkYvJ . . .}}
]]aBomf . . . b,folurS ydkYcdkif;wm r[kwfygbl; . . . 'DaeY enf;enf;tdkufvdkY tyef;aNyaomuf&
atmif vmydkYwmyg . . .}}
]]aemufudk raNymyJ 0ifrvmeJY . . . Bum;vm; . . .}}
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh . . .}}
rl,mu tat;Aef;udk csay;NyD; NyefxGufoGm;onf/ bdkauu . . .
]]aumifrav;u odyftvdkufodw,fAs . . . a&iwfaewmeJY tawmfyJ . . .}}
qdkNyD; tat;Al;wpfAl;,lNyD; zGifhaomufonf/ ausmfat;u . . .
]]owdawmh xm;ygAsm . . . ckcsdefrSm olpdrf;qdk b,folYrS r,Hkoifhbl; . . .}}
rl,monf {nhfcef;xJrS twGif;cef;odkY0ifvmNyD;aemuf uefYvefYumBum;rS Nyefacsmif;em;axmifae
onf/ odkY&mwGif ausmfat;u cHkudk bdkaubufqGJuyfNyD; acgif;csif;qdkif cyfwdk;wdk;aNymaeoNzifh bmrS
rBum;&/
xdkpOfwGif wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ycHk;udkvmwdkYoNzifh wkefceJ vefYoGm;onf/ vSnhfBunhfawmh ouf
SnfNzpfae\/ rl,mu rsufpdrsufESmysufoGm;&mrS wpfpHkwpfck taBumif;NyzdkY pOf;pm;aepOf oufSnfu .
. . ]SL; . . . wdk;wdk; . . .} qdkaomoabm EIwfcrf;udk vufnKd;ESifhawhNyNyD; olyg 0ifacsmif;Bunhfae
awmhonf/
***
]]tJ'gyJ . . . ausmfat;qdkwJhaumifeJY uwHk;eJY ta&;wBuD; wdkifyifaewm awGYw,f . . . NyifOD;

vGifqdkwmawmh Bum;vdkufw,f . . . eD;pyfNyDqdkwmvJ ygw,f . . . [dk oufSnfqdkwJhaumif a&mufvm
wmeJY qufem;raxmifyJ vpfxGufcJh&w,f . . . }}
armifwD;u um;udka&aq;&if; em;axmifae&mrS Nyefar;onf/
]]oufSnfuaum eifacsmif;em;axmifaewm r&dyfrdbl;vm; . . . }}
91
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]'Daumifu bmrS em;rvnfwJh tl;taygyJ . . . olyg a&ma,mifNyD; 0ifacsmif;Bunhfaeao;w,f .

. . awmfygao;w,f . . . vlNzifh vefYoGm;wmyJ . . . }}
]]tif; . . . 'Dtwdkif;qdk&if 'DaumifawG NyifOD;vGifrSm cGifaumif;aumif;wpfck awGYxm;wm
Nzpfvdrfhr,f . . . olwdkYxJrSm ausmfat;eJYuwHk;u t"duyJ . . . 'Dawmh uwHk;udkom NrefNrefykdifatmif
vkyfayawmh . . . }}
]]Nzpfygw,f . . . [dkwpfaeYuawmif yifyef;aeNyDvm; bmvm;eJY vma&maeao;w,f . . . 'Dwpfcg
qHk&ifawmh trdzrf;&rSmyJ . . . }}
]]aTrdudkawmh owdxm;aemf . . . olu enf;enf;xufyHk&w,f . . . acsmhaygif;xm; . . . }}
]]olcdkif;orQ rnnf;rnL vkyfay;aewmyJ . . . yifawmh yifyef;w,f . . . 'gyJaemf . . . ckudp
tqifaNy&ifom ay;xm;wJhuwdudk rarheJY . . . }}
]]at;yg[ . . . }}
]]uJ . . . oGm;OD;r,f . . . npmtwGuf ulvkyfay;&OD;r,f . . . tJ'DawmolruvJ wpfrsKd; . . .
[dkwpfaeYuvJ ig;aowmbl;udk azmufcdkif;NyD; uefpGef;GufcsOf&nfxJ xnfhcsufowJh . . . cyfwHk;wHk; awGyg
. . . }}
]]olwkdY wHk;av igwdkYESyfcsvdkY aumif;avaygh[ . . . }}
***
nOfheufaeNyD/ bkdauonf tdrfxJrSm avSmiftdkufaeoNzifh yef;NcHxJSd cHkwef;uav;rSm xGufxdkifNyD;

bD,maomufaeonf/
xdktaNctaeudk rl,mu acsmif;aecJhNcif;Nzpf\/ bdkauwpfa,mufwnf;vnf; Sdonfhtcsdef?
bD,mav;vnf; axGaecsdef? nOfhuvnf; eufaecsdefqdkawmh tm;vHk;uGufwdyJ . . . vnfyif;[dkuf[dkuf?
tusvufNywfudkvnf; wrifaG;0wfvmcJhonf/
bdkauhqD avQmufoGm;NyD; . . .
]]tpfudkBuD; . . . rtdyfao;bl;vm; . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . vm . . . vm . . . xdkifav . . . }}
rl,monf bdkauhab;rSm 0ifxdkifvdkufonf/
]]nDrvJ [dkpOf;pm;? 'DpOf;pm;eJY tdyfraysmfvdkY 'DbufxGufcJhwm . . . }}
]]bmawGrsm; pOf;pm;aevdkYwHk; rl,m&JU . . . }}
92
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]aBomf . . . udk,fh&JU twdwfu Nzpf&yfawG&,f . . . aSUqufNyD; b,fvdk aexdkifpm;aomuf&rvJ

qdkwm awG;NyD; pdwfraumif;Nzpf&wmaygh tpfudkBuD;&,f . . . }}
]][m . . . bmpdwfraumif;p&m SdvdkYvJ . . . tpfudkBuD;wdkYeJY aewJhtcg aysmfaysmfTifTif aeprf;yg .
. . tultnDvdk&ifvJ aNym . . . }}
]]t"duuawmh nDrwdkYarmifESr uHqdk;cJhwmudk owd&NyD; pdwfraumif;Nzpfrdwmyg . . . }}
]]nDrwdkYu awmfawmf 'kua&mufcJhvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]tazSdwkef;uawmh nDrwdkYrdom;pk[m acsmifacsmifvnfvnf aeEdkifcJhygw,f . . . aemufawmh
tazu kwfw&ufqHk;oGm;Smw,f . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . aBomf . . . pdwfraumif;p&myJ . . . }}
]]tJ'Dwkef;u nDrwdkYuvnf; i,fao;w,fav . . . taruvnf; bmrS rvkyfwwf rudkifwwf
qdkawmh tm;udk;p&mSmwJhtaeeJY aemuftdrfaxmifNyKcJhw,f . . . }}
aNymNyD; bdkauudk wpfcsuf tuJcwfonf/ bdkau pdwf0ifpm;[efSdoNzifh qufaNym\/
]]yaxG;u tpydkif;u [kwfawmhrvdkvdkeJY aemufawmh aAGazmufvmwmyJ . . . bmtvkyfrS rvkyf
awmhbl; . . . tareJY nDru aps;a&mif;? tpfudkarmifwD;u a&xrf;&w,f . . . &orQaiGudk olu
tukefodrf;NyD; t&ufaomufypfwmyJ . . . zJvnf; dkufao;w,f . . . nDrwdkY om;trdwpfawGudkvnf;
ESdyfpufao;w,f . . . }}
aNym&if; idkoHygvmNyD; rsuf&nf0Jvm\/ bdkau pdwfraumif;Nzpfae[efNrifoNzifh ycHk;csif;xdatmif
wdk;uyfvdkufNyD; . . .
]]'gwifrubl; . . . wpfaeYrSmawmh tareJY tpfudkrSdwHk; nDrudk rw&m;usifhzdkY BudK;pm; . . .
BudK;pm; . . . }}
qufraNymyJ idkaevdkufonf/ rsuf&nfusvmatmif tawmfBudK;pm;,l&\/
]]BudK;pm;awmh . . . BudK;pm;awmh bmNzpfoGm;ao;vJ . . . }}
bdkauu pdk;&drfwBuD; ysmysmovJ ar;vdkuf\/ cGifxJ0ifvmNyDqdkwm rl,modoGm;NyD; . . .
]]bm . . . bmrSawmh rNzpfygbl; . . . }}
bdkauu awmfygao;&JUqdkaom trlt&mNzifh oufNyif;csvdkufonf/
]]tpfudk a&mufvmvdkY oufomoGm;wm . . . tpfudkuvJ yaxG;udk owfr,f Nzwfr,faygh . . .
taruawmh aBumufvdkY raNym&Jbl; . . . aemufqHk;awmh qufaevdkYrNzpfawmhbl;qdkNyD; nDrwdkYarmifESrESpf
a,muf Nzpfvdk&mNzpf tdrfay:uqif;cJh&mu 'Da&mufvmBuwmygyJ tpfudkBuD;&,f . . . }} [k aNymNyD;
bdkauhycHk;ay: acgif;rSDcsvdkuf\/
93
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]tif; . . . rl,mwdkYtNzpfu pdwfraumif;p&mygvm; . . . }}
aNym&if; bdkauu rl,mudk zufvdkufonf/ rl,mu bdkauh&ifcGifxJ wdk;0ifNyD; . . .

]]nDr tpfudkBuD;udk tm;udk;yg&apaemf . . . }}
]]tm;udk;yg . . . tm;udk;yg . . . tpfudkBuD; rl,mhudk apmihfaSmufoGm;yghr,f . . . }} [k bdkau u
rcsifhr&JtoHBuD;Nzifh aNymvdkuf\/
]]aoemBuD;awmh rdNyD . . . }} [k rl,m pdwfxJu aNymvdkufonf/
***
]][m; . . . [m; . . . [m; . . . tcsOfawmh rdNyDaygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . aumif;w,f . . .

aumif;w,f . . . }}
armifwD;u auseyftm;&pGmaNym&if; zefcGufxJ t&ufiSJYxnfhvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f . . . yaxG;ESdyfpufwJh vkyfBuHZmwfvrf;udk cif;Nyvdkufwm uwHk;udk wpfcgwnf; idkif
usoGm;wmyJ . . . NyD;awmh bmwJh . . . tpfudkBuD; rl,mhudk apmihfaSmufyghr,fwJh . . . tmvkyfoHBuD;eJY
aNymao;w,f . . . }}
]]owdawmh xm;OD;aemf . . . }}
]]bmudk owdxm;&rSmvJ . . . }}
]][efaqmifae&if;u wu,fBudKufoGm;NyD; ighudk opmazmufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY . . . }}
]][if; . . . 'DuwHk;udkrsm; BudKufoGm;rSmpdk;&ao;w,f . . . awmom;u wDSyfawG bmawGom
0wfxm;wm . . . a&rS rSefrSefcsKd;&JUvm; rodbl; . . . olY&ifcGifxJ rsufESmtyfxm;&wm eHvdkufwm . . .
vlYudk ysKdUcsiftefcsifovdkawmif Nzpfvmw,f . . . }}
]]awmom;qdkawmh ckxd EGm;acs;eHYrpifao;bl; xifyg&JU[m . . . }} [k aNymNyD; t&ufzefcGufudk
armhcsvdkuf\/
***
oufSnfonf vufzuf&nfqdkifxJodkY 0ifvmNyD; tNyifpm;yGJrSm xdkifvdkuf\/ pm;yGJxdk;wpfa,muf

tem;a&mufvmNyD; . . .
]]bmaomufrvJ q&m . . . }}
94
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf . . . csKdcsKdav; . . . }}
pm;yGJxdk;u qdkiftwGif;bufodkY vSrf;atmfvdkufonf/
]]0rf;wD; . . . ausmufyef;awmif; *dwfqHk; . . . }}
oufSnf aigufceJ acgif;axmifBunhfNyD; . . .
]]a[haumif . . . ig ausmufyef;awmif;om;r[kwfbl;aemf . . . xef;yifpkGmuuG . . . }}

pm;yGJxdk; aBumifoGm;onf/ NyD;rS oufSnfaemufaewmyJ xifNyD; oHa,mifvdkuf . . .
]]aBomf . . . [kwfuJh . . . xef;yifpk wpfcGufwJhAsKdU . . . }}
]]'Dvdk vkyfprf;yguG . . . }} [k oufSnfu [efESifhyefESifh aNymvdkufonf/ pm;yGJxdk;u pyfNzJNzJvkyf
NyD; xGufoGm;onf/ xkdYaemuf vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf vmcsay;onf/ vufzuf&nfwpfcGufrSm xHk;pHtwdkif;
cGufao;ao;av; Nzpf\/ oufSnfu cGufudk rsufarSmifukwfBunfhvdkufNyD;rS oabmaygufoGm;[ef NyHK;
vdkufonf/ wzl;zl;rIwfNyD; wpfusKdufwnf; aomufcsvdkuf\/ NyD;awmh aygufpDwpfvHk;udk aumufudkif
onf/ atmufbufvSefBunhfNyD; . . .
]]'Dqdkifu awmfawmfnpfywfwmyJ . . . rkefYrSmvJ puLpkwfBuD; uyfvdkY . . . }} [k rausreyfa&
Gwfum puLudkcGmNyD; aygufpDpm;onf/ NyD;awmh wpfpHkwpfckarQmfovdk vnfwqefYqefY vkyfae\/ tawmf
BumoGm;aomtcg pdwfrSnf[efNzifh vSrf;atmfonf/
]]a[h . . . pm;yGJxdk; . . . vmygOD;uG . . . }}
pm;yGJxdk;uav; a&mufvmNyD; . . .
]]bmvJ q&m . . . aq;vdyf,lrvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl;uG . . . ig vufzuf&nfrSmxm;wm BumvSNyD . . . ckxdr&ao;bl; . . . }}
]]Asm . . . 'DrSmav . . . q&maomufvdkufvdkY ukefawmifukefaeNyDyJ . . . }}
pm;yGJay:u yef;uefvGwfudk vufnKd;xdk;Nyonf/
]]a[ . . . 'gu Nrnf;zdkY erlemay;wm r[kwfbl;vm; . . . }}
]][m . . . q&mu aemufaeNyefNyD . . . }}
]]aemufwm r[kwfbl;uG . . . wu,faNymwm . . . BunhfygOD; . . . rif;wdkYyef;uefu vl raNymeJY .
. . aBumifawmif 0rSmr[kwfbl; . . . }}
]]'guawmh xHk;pHygyJ q&m&,f . . . olrsm;awGvJ 'DvdkyJ aomufBuwmyJ . . . }}
95
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]olrsm;awGaomufayr,fh ig r0bl;uG . . . oGm; . . . rwfcGufeJY azsmfcJh . . . usoavmuf ay;r,f

. . . }}
pm;yGJxdk;av;rSm acgif;ukwfNyD; xGufoGm;onf/
***
ausmfat;? wufykESihf oufSnfwdkY armifwD;udk um;armif;cdkif;NyD; xGufoGm;Buonf/ rl,mu ol

wdkYum; 0if;tNyifa&mufrS bdkaubuf rsufvHk;upm;vdkufonf/ bdkauu {nfhcef;xJSd qdkzmay:rSm tdyf
aysmfae\/ apmapmu aTrd xbD&ifvsm;ESifh a&csKd;cef;xJ0ifoGm;wm awGYvdkufonf/
'Dawmh wpftdrfvHk;rSm olYudkapmihfBunhfrnfhol rSdawmh/ tenf;qHk; taetxm;udk avhvmvdkY&
rnf/ tcsdef&vQif arTaESmufBunhfrnf[k qHk;NzwfNyD; tay:xyfodkY aNcazmheif; wufvmcJhonf/ t&dyf
tNcnfBunhfvdkufNyD;aemuf bkdauhtcef;xJodkY 0ifonf/
rD;cHaowmudk aoaocsmcsmBunhfonf/ 'DavmufBuD;wJh rD;cHaowmqdkvFQif aiGawG awmfawmfrsm;
rsm;SdEdkifonf/ aomhrdSyJ zGifhzdkYawmhrvG,f/ aomhu oHk;aygufawmifSdonf/ aomhudk Sm&rnf/
pm;yGJSd&moGm;NyD; tHqGJudk toHrNrnfatmif qGJzGifhvdkufonf/ olYrsufESm HIUrJhoGm;\/ tHqGJxJrSm
BuufaBumf? bJuif paom pm;p&mawGom Sdaeonf/
rsufvHk;upm;Bunhfvdkuf&m eH&HBuGufavQmufay:rSm pDwifxm;aom bD,mbl;cGHawGudk awGYvdkuf&
\/ ol avQmufoGm;NyD; bD,mbl;cGHwpfckudk udkifrnftNyK . . .
]]a[h . . . rukdifeJY . . . }}
toHBum;oNzifh vefYoGm;onf/ vSnhfBunhfawmh bdkauhudk awGYvdkuf&onf/
]]bmvmvkyfwmvJ . . . }} [k aNym&if; tem;wdk;uyfvmonf/ rl,mu csufcsif; aNEqnf
vdkufNyD; . . .
]]tpfudkBuD; tdyf&mawG odrf;zdkYvm&if;eJY tcef;u IyfyGaewmNrifawmh Sif;ay;rvdkYyg . . . }}
]]aeyap . . . rSif;eJY . . . ighbmom Sif;r,f . . . }}
]][dkbD,mbl;cGHawGu IyfawmifIyfao;w,f . . . nDr,loGm;NyD; vTifhypfvdkufr,faemf . . . }}
]][m . . . vTifhypfvdkY rNzpfbl; . . . 'gu ta&;BuD; . . . tJ . . . }}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ tpfudkBuD;&JU . . . bl;cGHawG tvum;odrf;xm;w,f . . . }}
]][dk . . . [dk[m . . . tJ . . . tpfudkBuD; wpfaeY bD,mb,fESbl;aomufovJ od&atmif rSwf
xm;csifvdkYyg . . . tJ . . . tJ . . . 'geJY rl,m bmawG avQmufudkifBunhfao;vJ . . . }}
96
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]bmrS rudkifBunhfygbl; . . . [kda&cJaowmBuD;udk zkefokwfwmyJ Sdw,f . . . }} [k aNymNyD;

rD;cHaowmBuD;udk vufnKd;xdk;Nyonf/ bdkauu wHk;&ef t&efaumqdkaom yHkpHNzifh w[m;[m;&,fvdkufNyD;rS
...
]][m; . . . [m; . . . 'g a&cJaowm r[kwfygbl;[m . . . rD;cHaowmBuD;yg . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . t0wftpm;awG bmawG xnfhwmaygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl; . . . [dk[m . . . tJ . . . [kwfw,f . . . tpfudkBuD;&JU t0wftpm;awGu tzdk;
wefawGcsnf;yJ r[kwfvm; . . . 'gaBumihf aomhcwfNyD; odrf;xm;wm . . . }}
]][kwfvm; . . . 'grsKd; wpfcgrS rNrifzl;bl; . . . uJ . . . nDr oGm;r,faemf . . . }}
]]aeygOD; nDr&JU . . . [J . . . [J . . . }}
qdkNyD; bdkauu rl,mhvufudk zrf;qGJNyD; zufvdkufonf/ rl,mu &ifcGifxJwdk;0if&if; . . .
]][if; . . . odyfuJw,f . . . }} [k aNymvdkuf\/ bdkauhukd,fu acR;eHY? bD,meHYawG eHapmfaeo
Nzifh ESmacgif;HIUvdkufrd\/
***
AD'D,dk*drf;pufudk wufyku 0,fvmNcif;Nzpfaomfvnf; upm;BunhfNyD; wu,fwrf;pGJoGm;olu

oufSnfNzpf\/ olonf tcsdefSdoaGU AD'D,dk*drf;om upm;aeonf/ rupm;&onfhtcsdefrSmyif vufr
av;ESpfzufu cvkwfESdyfovdk wvIyfvIyfNzpfaewwfonf/
ckvnf; olu {nfhcef;xJrSm AD'D,dk*drf;upm;aecJhonfrSm reufapmapmuwnf;u Nzpf\/ aTrdu
tem;vm&yfNyD; . . .
]]'DrSmawmh . . . udk&ifoufSnf . . . }}
oufSnfu rBum;yJ qufupm;aeonf/
]]udk&ifoufSnf . . . }}
aTrdu toHNrifhNyD; atmfonf/ oufSnfu vufumNyNyD; qufupm;ae\/
]]tm;&if 'gyJ upm;aewmyJ . . . cP&yfvdkufprf;yg . . . aNymp&mSdvdkY . . . }}
]]at;yg . . . cPav; . . . 'DwpfyGJawmh igEdkifrSm usdef;aoaeNyD . . . }}
aTrdu pdwfrSnfawmhyJ wDADcvkwfudk ydwfvdkuf\/ oufSnfrSm rcsifhr&JNzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]]b,fvdk NzpfwmvJ[m . . . bmta&;BuD;vkdYvJ . . . }}
97
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]aNymp&mSdvdkY . . . 'geJY udk&ifwufykuaum . . . }}
]]rodbl;av[m . . . apmapmuawmh qmw,fqdkNyD; xrif;pm;cef;xJ 0ifoGm;wmyJ . . . }}

]]'gqdk vm . . . vdkufcJh . . . }}
aTrdu oufSnfudk xrif;pm;cef;xJ qGJac:oGm;onf/ txJa&mufaomtcg wufykonf Buuf
aygifwpfacsmif;udk udkufae&mrS aTrdudk Nrifaomtcg vufudkaemufypfNyD; 0SufvdkufwmawGY&\/
]]udk&ifwufyk . . . [if;awG cdk;pm;aewmvm; . . . }}
aTrdu ar;onf/
]]wpfwHk;wnf;yg[m . . . }}
]]naepmtwGuf [if;enf;aeOD;r,f . . . }}
]]eifuvJ[m . . . igwdkYrSm ydkufqHawG trsm;BuD;SdwmyJ . . . [if;rsm;rsm;csufprf;yg . . . }}
]]b,f&rvJ . . . pnf;eJY urf;eJYyJ . . . tbGm;u 'Dtwdkif;rSmoGm;wm . . . }}
oufSnfu . . .
]]uJ . . . aNymp&mSdw,fqdk . . . aNymav . . . }}
]]wNcm;r[kwfbl; . . . udkBuD;bdkauu rl,mqdkwJhaumifrudk odyfta&;ay;wmyJ . . . wpfcgw
av yef;NcHxJrSm ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;aNymaNymaewwfw,f . . . 'DaumifreJY udkBuD;bdkaueJY BunhfyHkIyHk
uvJ wpfrsKd;yJ . . . usrsm; usaeBuovm; rodbl; . . . }}
aTrdu aNymonf/ oufSnfu . . .
]]olY[mol usvJ bmNzpfovJ[ . . . }}
]]usKyfuawmh 'Daumifrudk odyfoabmrusbl; . . . udkBuD;bdkauudk NrLqG,fNyD; pm;aew,fvdkY
xifwmyJ . . . }}
]]eifuvJ[m . . . tvkyfrSd tvkyfSmvdkY . . . bmrsm;ta&;BuD;wm aNymrvJvdkY . . . tvum; . .
. upm;&wmawmif t&omysufw,f . . . oGm;r,f . . . }}
qdkNyD; oufSnfu xGufoGm;\/ wufykuvnf; . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . igvJ pm;&wm t&omysufw,f . . . oGm;r,f . . . }}
BuufaygifudkudkufNyD; xGufoGm;Nyef\/ aTrdrSm rausreyfESifh usefcJhonf/
oufSnfwdkY? wufykwdkYudk aNymvdkYr&awmh ausmfat;udk aNymBunhfonf/ oluawmh . . .
98
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]][kwfw,f aTrd . . . tpfudkvJ odyfoabmrusbl; . . . tpuwnf;u vlpdrf;awG

ac:xm;csifwm r[kwfbl; . . . udkbdkauudk aNymr&vdkY Bunhfae&wm . . . owdawmh xm;rS Nzpfr,f . . .
aTrdvJ enf;enf;apmihfBunhfaeaygh . . . }} [k aNymonf/
***
rl,mu tdrfaSUcef;rSm vSnf;usif;aewkef; ausmfat;a&mufvmonf/ {nfhcef;xJ rsufvHk;a0hBunhf

NyD;rS . . .
]]udkbdkaua&m . . . }} [k ar;onf/
]]olYtcef;xJrSm xifw,f . . . }}
ausmfat; tay:xyfodkY cyfokwfokwfwufoGm;onf/ ausmfat;yHkpHrSm wpfpHkwpfck ta&;BuD;wm
aNymp&mSdyHk&onf/ vufxJrSmvnf; pmtkyfwpftkyfudkifoGm;onf/ taBumif;xl;awmh SdaeNyD[k wGufvdkuf
onf/ xdkYaBumihf tay:xyfodkY aNcazmheif;NyD; vdkufwufoGm;onf/
bdkauonf ckwifay:vSJ&if; yef;oD;pm;ae\/ ausmfat;u okwfoD;okwfysm0ifvmNyD; . . .
]]udkbdkau . . . uRefawmf odNyDAs . . . odNyD . . . }}
]]bm . . . bmodwmvJ . . . }}
]]aNryHkxJu pum;0Sufudk xyfazmfEdkifNyDvdkY aNymwm . . . }}
bdkau vSJae&mrS aigufceJxxdkifNyD; . . .
]]aNymprf;ygOD; . . . aNymprf;ygOD; . . . bmwJhvJ . . . }}
ausmfat;u ukvm;xdkifudkqGJ,l xdkifvdkufNyD; . . .
]]raeYnu uRefawmf acsmif;qdk;csifovdk &ifusyfcsifovdk NzpfwmeJY bmaq;aomuf& aumif;rvJ
pOf;pm;&if; aq;enf;awGrSwfxm;wJh pmtkyfowd&vdkY SmBunhfawmh a[m'DrSm uRefawmfzwfNyr,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u pmtkyfudkzGifhvdkufNyD; rSwfxm;onfhae&mSm . . .
]]BuZkeJY csif;? EG,fcsKdoGif;? ydwfcsif;Z0ufom? yef;em&ifusyf owdcsyf? rNywfoHk;aqmifyg . . . wJh .
. . }}
]][m . . . 'geJY bmqdkifvdkYvJ . . . cifAsm;[mu aq;enf;BuD;yJ . . . }}
]]qdkifwmaygh udkbdkau& . . . uRefawmf Sif;Nyr,f . . . pum;0SufxJrSmygwJh rdk;ay:uusonfha&
acsmif;qdk;aysmufonf qdkwmudk ESpfydkif;cGJBunhf&r,f . . rdk;ay:uuswJha&qdkwm bmvJ . . . a&wHcGefudk
aNymwm r[kwfbl;vm; . . . a&wHcGefqdkwm [dk; tay:u usaewmr[kwfvm; . . . }}
99
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]'gawmh NzpfEdkifw,fAs . . . qufaNymygOD; . . . }}
]]aemufpum;0Sufwpfcku acsmif;qdk;aysmufonfqdkwm r[kwfvm; . . . cke uRefawmfzwfNywmu

acsmif;qdk;aysmufwJh aq;enf;yJav . . . tJ'Daq;trnfawGxJrSm bmygovJ . . . ydwfcsif; rygbl;vm; . .
. apmapmuaNymwJh a&wHcGefeJY ydwfcsif;eJYaygif;NyD; pOf;pm;Bunhfawmh ydwfcsif;aNrmifa&wHcGefudk qdkvdkwmyJ .
. . Sif;roGm;bl;vm; . . . }}
bdkauhvufxJrSm udkifxm;aom yef;oD;vGwfusoGm;NyD; . . .
]][m . . . [kwfw,fAsm . . . Bunhfprf; . . . awmfawmfeufeJwJh pum;0SufyJAs . . . aemf . . .
cifAsm;rdkYvdkY azmfEdkifwm . . . cifAsm;aus;Zl;udkawmh rarhbl; . . . &wemawG&&if cifAsm;udk xdkufxdkuf
wefwef ay;r,f . . . }}
]]&wemawGu ta&;rBuD;ygbl;Asm . . . }} [k ausmfat;u olYt"dyg,fESifhol aNym\/ bdkauu . .
]]tdk . . . bmyJNzpfNzpfAsm . . . cifAsm;vdkcsifwmaNym . . . & &aphr,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u auseyfNyHK; NyHK;ae\/ bdkauu qufaNymonf/
]]'gqdk aBumifatmfoHBum;&mt&yfwdkY? bmwdkYqdkwJh aemufxyf pum;0SufawGuaum . . . }}
]]'gu [kda&mufvkdY a'otaNctaeBunhfNyD; t"dyg,faumuf,l&if &rSmyg . . . odyfrcufEdkifawmh
ygbl; . . . }}
]]tif; . . . [kwfw,f . . . [dkudka&muf&if aemufydkif;pum;0SufawGudk vG,fvG,fululazmfEdkifwJh
vrf;pawmhawGYrSmyJ . . . aNymae Bumw,fAsm . . . eufNzefreufyJ NyifOD;vGifudk oGm;Bur,f . . .
ydwfcsif;aNrmifa&wHcGefudka&muf&if qufSmr,fAs . . . }}
]]aumif;w,f . . . 'geJY aNryHkudkvJ aoaocsmcsm odrf;OD;aemf . . . }}
]]rylygeJYAsm . . . 'D rD;cHaowmBuD;u vHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygw,fAsm . . . aomhoHk;acsmif;eJY zGifhrS &wmyg .
. . }}
ausmfat;u acgif;ndwfNyonf/ xdkYtwl tNyifrS acsmif;em;axmifaeaom rl,muvnf; acgif;
wndwfndwfvkyfaeonf/ NyD;rS aNcazmheif;NyD; atmufxyfNyefqif;oGm;av\/
***
]]aBomf . . . 'Dvdkudk; . . . olwdkYu &wemaNryHk &xm;wmudk; . . . pm;&uHBuHKawmh rkwfqdwf

ysm;pGJw,fqdkwm 'grsKd;aygh . . . }}
armifwD;u rkwfqdwfarT;twkudkyGwf&if; aNymvdkufonf/
100
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]udkarmifwD;a& . . . AsKdU udkarmifwD; . . . }}
tNyifu bdkau\ ac:oHBum;oNzifh . . . ][m . . . ta&;xJrSm . . . } qdkNyD; armifwD;u . . .

]vmNyD q&ma& . . .} [k NyeftoHay; xxGufrnfNyKpOf rl,mu . . . ][dk[mawG NyefwyfoGm; OD;av . . .}
[k owday;onf/ bdkau xyfac:Nyefonf/ armifwD; a,mifa,mifuef;uef;ESifh vkyfaeoNzifh
EIwfcrf;arT;ESifh rkwfqdwfarT; ae&mrSm;aeao;onf/ NyD;rS tNrefwyfNyD; aNy;xGufoGm;onf/
cPtBumwGif armifwD; acgif;ukwfNyD; pdwfysufvufysufyHkpHNzifh Nyefa&mufvmonf/
]]NyemyJ[m . . . }}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ . . . }}
]]olwdkYu 'Dnae [if;rcsufawmhbl;wJh . . . pm;aomufqdkifrSm oGm;pm;r,fwJh . . . 'Dawmh [if;xJ
tdyfaq;cwfvdkY b,f&awmhrvJ[ . . . }}
]]Sifu um;eJY vdkufydkY&rSmayhg . . . }}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,f . . . }}
]]'gqdk ydkawmifaumif;ao; . . . olwdkY tNyifoGm;aewkef; uRefru &wJhenf;eJY tcef;xJ0ifNyD;
aNryHkudk cdk;vdkY&wmaygh . . . b,fhES,fhvJ . . . }}
]]rNzpfbl;[ . . . ausmfat;qdkwJhaumifu enf;enf;vl&nfvnfw,f . . . eifhudkyg pm;aomuf
qdkifac:oGm;zdkY aNymaew,f . . . bdkauuvJ eifhudk ac:csifaewm r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]cufwmyJ . . . }}
qdkNyD; rl,mu tBuHxkwf pOf;pm;ae\/ NyD;awmhrS . . .
]]tif; . . . [kwfNyD . . . 'Dvdkvkyf . . . uwHk;udk aNymp&mSdvkdY n 12 em&Davmuf yef;NcHxJ
qif;cJhygvdkY vltvpfrSm aNymvdkufr,f . . . tJ'Dtcgusawmh olYukd tdyfaq;cyfxm;wJh bD,mwdkufr,f .
. . tJ'Dtcsdefqdk wNcm;vlawGvJ tdyfukefNyD . . . uRefrwdkY yef;NcHxJrSmSdaewkef; Sifu uwHk;&JUtcef;xJ
0ifNyD; aNryHkudk &atmifcdk;ayawmh . . . raumif;bl;vm; . . . }}
]]at; . . . aumif;w,f . . . }}
]]uJ . . . atmifNrifygap . . . }}
wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf vuf0g;csif; dkufvdkufBuonf/
***
bdkauonf n q,fhESpfem&Dxdk;aomtcg aemufaz;bufwHcg;rS xGufNyD; yef;NcHxJodkY vmcJhonf/
yef;NcHxJu cHkwef;vsm;rSm rl,mu apmihfaeonf/ bD,mESpfAl;uvnf; tqifoifh/ bdkauu rl,mhab;rSm
0ifxdkifvdkufonf/ tdrfab;rSmxGef;xm;aom rD;a&mifu olwdkYqDudk uGufwduGufBum; wdk;0ifaeonf/
102
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]vmrS vmyhgrvm;vdkY tpfudkBuD;&,f . . . }}
rl,mu vdIufarmaomtoHNzifh aNymvdkuf\/
]]rl,mucsdef;&if rvmyJ b,faeyghrvJuG,f . . . }}
bdkauu NyefaNym&if; rl,mhvufudk udkifvdkuf\/
]]tpfudkBuD; BudKufwwfrSef;odvdkY bD,mawGawmif ,lvmw,f . . . aomufvdkufygOD; . . . }}

rl,mu bD,mAl;wpfAl;udk azmufay;vdkuf\/ trSefrSm e*dkuwnf;u azmufNyD;om;Nzpf\/ vuf
udkifuGif;udk wnf;wnf;av;csefxm;NyD; ckrS azmuf[efvkyfvdkufNcif; Nzpf\/
]]'gaBumifh rl,mhudk cspfae&wm . . . odyftvdkufodwmyJ . . . }}
rl,mu bD,mAl;udk bdkauhyg;pyfem;awhay;&m bdkauu enf;enf;armhaomufNyD; . . .
]]uJ . . . aNymp&mSdw,fqdk . . . aNymav . . . }}
]]aNymyghr,f . . . 'gav;ukefatmif aomufvdkufygOD; . . . }}
]]aomufrSmaygh . . . Nznf;Nznf;aygh . . . }}
rl,mu pdwfrSnfEdkifyJ Nzpfae\/ xdkYaBumifh . . .
]][if; . . . 'Duawmh olaomufapcsifvkdY rSdrJhSdrJhaiGav;udk roHk;&ufyJ 0,fxm;&wm . . . ol
uawmh a&cJpdrfr[kwfvdkY raomufcsifbl;aygh . . . 'gqdkvJ ay; . . . oGefypfvdkufr,f . . . }}
qdkNyD; pdwfaumuf[efaqmifvdkufonf/
]]tdk . . . 'Dvdkr[kwfygbl; . . . aomufyghr,f . . . aomufyghr,f . . .}}
bdkauu bD,mAl;udk,lNyD; armhaomufvdkufonf/
]]ukefatmifaomufrS auseyfrSmaemf . . .}}
rl,mu xyfNyD; wdkufwGef;NyefoNzifh tukefaomufvdkuf&onf/
]]tm; . . . apwemaBumifhvm; rodbl; . . . 'Dwpfcg bD,mu ydkaumif;ovdkyJ . . .}}
bdkauuaNymNyD; rl,mudk zufvdkufonf/ rl,mu bdkaurNrifatmif NyHK;onf/
***
armifwD;onf *dkaxmifxJrSxGufvmNyD; wdkufab;rS tomuyfavQmufvmcJh\/ yef;NcHbuf acsmif;
Bunhfaomtcg rl,mu bdkauudk bD,mtwif;wdkufaewm Nrif&onf/ 'Dtwdkif;qdk rl,mu aumif;
aumif;xdef;xm;EdkifNyD/ xdkYaBumihf wHcg;yGifhaeaom aemufaz;bufodkY vmchJ\/
103
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tdrfxJ0ifNyD;aemuf avSum;Sd&modkY xGuftvmrS olvefYoGm;onf/ {nfhcef;xJrSmxdkifNyD; AD'D,dk*drf;

upm;aeaom oufSnfudk awGYvdkuf&aomaBumihfyif Nzpf\/ Bunhf&wmawmh AD'D,dk*drf;xJrSm awmfawmf
pdwf0ifpm;aeyHk &onf/ olxdkifaeyHku avSum;ESifh ab;wapmif;Nzpfaeonf/ avSum;ay:twufrSm Nrif
aumif;NrifoGm;Edkifonf/ olYtmHk b,favmufpGJaeovJ od&atmif toifhygvmaom0uftlvSnfhukd Burf;
ay: a'gufceJ ypfcsNyD; tomykaevdkufonf/ oufSnfu owdawmif rxm;rd/
xdktcgusrS avSum;aemuf tomuyfonf/ avSum;ay: aNcazmheif;NyD; wufvdkufonf/ ESpfxpf
avmufwufrdcsdefrSmyif . . .
]][m; . . . [m; . . . }}
qkdaom oufSnf\&,foHudk Bum;vdkuf&oNzifh wkHYceJNzpfoGm;NyD; BuufaoaooGm;\/ wu,f
awmh oufSnfu olYudk NrifvdkYr[kwf/ AD'D,dk*drf;yGJpOfwpfckrSm EdkifvdkufoNzifh 0rf;omtm;& xatmfNcif;
Nzpf\/ armifwD;rSm toufawmif rSL&J/ odkY&mwGif oufSnfu NyefxdkifNyD; aemufwpfyGJqufupm;zdkY Nyif
ae\/ 'Daumif wpfcgwpfcgupm;vQif ESpfem&D oHk;em&D Bumwwfonf/ tvkyfvkyfzdkY tcsdefaumif;aumif;
&onf/ xdkYaBumihf tay:xyfodkY aNcoHrBum;atmif wufvmcJh\/
owdxm;umrS cvkwfwdkufNzpfatmif wdkufvdkufao;onf/ avSum;ay: b,folypfcsxm;rSef;
rodaom tcsKd&nfAl;wpfAl;udk wdkufrdNcif;Nzpf\/ tcsKd&nfAl;u *vHk*vGrfNrnfNyD; avSum;rS vdrfhqif;oGm;
onf/
'Dwpfcgawmh rdNyD[k xifvdkuf\/ odkY&mwGif oufSnfu vSnhfrBunhfyJ . . .
]]a[h . . . udkBuD;bdkau . . . rtdyfao;bl;vm; . . . bD,mawG eif;uefaomufNyD; trl;vGefae vdkY
eufNzef NyifOD;vGifroGm;EdkifyJ aeOD;r,f . . . }} [k aNymNyD; upm;NrJ qufupm;ae\/ armifwD;rSm
usOf;xJusyfxJrSmyif toHrxGufatmif usdwf&,fvdkufrd\/
***
bdkauonf enf;enf;awmh tmav;vQmav; NzpfvmNyD/ tdyfaq;tSdefu bD,mtSdefeJYa&mNyD;

wufvmNyD/ odkY&mwGif vHk;0owdvpfwmrsKd;awmh rNzpfao;/ pdwfcsvufcsxm;cJhvdkY r&ao;/ ]'DaoemBuD;
uvnf; awmfawmfcHEdkif&nftm; aumif;w,f . . . wNcm;vlqdk ckavmufSd a'gif;aeNyD . . .} [k rl,m
pdwfxJu nnf;nLrd\/
wwfEdkiforQ ywfcRJeyfcRJxyfvkyf&OD;rnf/ bdkauh&ifcGifxJodkY ydkwdk;uyfvdkufonf/ acR;apmfeHvSo
Nzifh toufatmifhxm;&ao;onf/
]]nDrav . . . tpfudku ypfaNy;oGm;rSmudk odyfpdk;&drfwmyJ . . . }}
]]aNy;ygbl; . . . }}
pum;NyefEdkifao;oNzifh taNctaer[efao;aBumif; odonf/
104
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]nDrudk b,fawmhrS rrkef;&bl;aemf . . . }}
]]rkef;ygbl; . . . }}
pum;awmh AvHk;AaxG;NzpfvmNyD/ enf;enf;xyfwifay;vdkufzdkYyJ vdkonf/ rl,mu bD,maemuf

wpfAl;udk,l . . .
]]rrkef;bl;qdk&if opma&aomufNyav . . . a&mh . . . }}
bdkau\yg;pyfem; awhay;onf/ bdkauu bD,mAl;udk ,lvdkufNyD; olYbmom armhaomufonf/
aomuf&if;u yg;pyfaygufESifhwnfhatmif rudkifEdkifawmhyJ bD,mawG zdwfpOfusukefonf/ vufwpfzufu
vnf; rl,mudk zufxm;ao;onf/ bD,mawGu rl,mhacgif;ay: zdwfusoNzifh rl,mu . . . ]umvem BuD;
. . . } [k toHwdwf usdefqJvdkuf\/
cPtBumwGif bD,mAl;vGwfusNyD; aNrBuD;ay:vdrfhxGufoGm;onf/ rl,mudkzufxm;aom vufu
vnf; aNyavsmhvmonf/ rl,mu zufxm;aomvufudk z,fNyD; armhBunhfaomtcg ZufusKd;usaewm
awGY&onf/ xdkYaBumihf ab;uopfyifuav;rSm rSDxm;vdkufonf/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]tpfudkBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD; . . . }} [k vIyfEdI;Bunhfonf/ rxl;Edkifawmh/ acgif;udk udkifrBunhf
onf/ idkufpdkufNyefusoGm;\/ aocsmatmif yg;udk wzsyfzsyfdkufBunhfonf/ vIyfawmif rvIyf/ aemufqHk;
uwHk;udk a'gufceJacgufBunhfvdkufNyD; aocsmrS NyefxGufvmchJ\/
***
bdkau\tdyfcef;xJwGif ntdyfrD; rSdefysysxGef;xm;onf/ tvif;a&mifrSm NrifomxifomSdHkNzpf

armifwD; tvkyfvkyfvdkYaumif;atmif wrifxGef;xm;ay;ovm; xif&onf/
rD;cHaowmudk wpfcsufBunhfvdkufonf/ uHaumif;vQif aTawGaiGawGyg &EdkifaBumif; oabm
aygufvdkuf\/ rl,maNymxm;onfhtwdkif; BuGufavQmufay:rSm pDwifxm;aom bD,mAl;cGHawGudk,lNyD; vIyf
Bunhfonf/ wpfAl;NyD;wpfAl; vIyfBunhf&m Al;awGom ukefoGm;onf/ aomhawGudk rawGY&/
ae&maNymif;vdkufNyD xifw,f[k awG;NyD; pdk;&drfoGm;rd\/ pm;yGJtHqGJudk zGifhSmonf? rawGY/ tdyf&m
ay:rSm arTaESmufBunhfonf? rSd/ tcsdefu enf;enf;vifhoGm;NyD/ udk,fhbmom BudK;pm;zGifhrnf[k pdwful; NyD;
ud&d,mwefqmyvmawG xnhfxm;aom tdwfi,fuav;udk xkwfonf/
rD;cHaowmem; avQmufoGm;NyD; aomhaygufawGudk ppfaq;BunhfvdkufpOf ol rsufarSmifwpfcsuf
ukyfoGm;\/ aoaocsmcsmBunhfvdkufawmh rD;cHaowmwHcg;rSm vufESpfvHk;avmuf [aewm awGYvdkuf&
onf/ ol NyHK;vdkuf\/ bdkauonf rD;cHaowmudk NyefydwfzdkY arhoGm;wmygvm;/ uHaumif;csifawmh 'DvdkyJ?
bmrSawmif tyifyef;cHaep&m rvdkawmh[k awG;&if; rD;cHaowmwHcg;udk qGJzGifhvdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf txJudk
acsmif;Bunhfvdkuf&m olYwpfudk,fvHk; zsOf;ceJNzpfoGm;\/ txJrS rsufvHk;pdrf;pdrf;BuD;wpfpHku olYudk pl;pdkuf
BunhfaeaomaBumihf Nzpf\/
105
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]tr,fav;As . . . o&J . . . }}
ol vefYatmfNyD; aemufudk ckefqkwfvdkuf\/ txJu rsufvHk;ydkifSifuvnf; tNyifudk ckefxGufvm

NyD; . . .
]]b,frSmvJ o&J . . . }}
xdkolrSm wufykyif Nzpf\/ wufykESifh armifwD;wdkYonf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf vufnKd;xdk;NyD; .
. . ]o&J . . . o&J . . . } [k tNyeftvSef atmfaeBuonf/ NyD;rS wufyku armifwD;udk rSwfrdoGm;NyD; . . .
]]rif; . . . rif; bmvmvkyfwmvJ . . . }}
armifwD;rSm taNctae r[efawmhrSef; odoGm;\/ xkdYaBumihf bD,mAl;cGHwpfvHk;udk qwfceJvSrf;,l
NyD; wufykudk ypfaygufvdkufonf/ wufyk vefYNyD;iHkYtaSmifvkdufrSm aNy;0ifNyD; zufvHk;vdkuf\/ wufykrSm
awmom;yifNzpfaomfvnf; NrdKUwufNyD; ZdrfcHaewm BumNyDNzpf odyftarmrcHEdkifawmh/ olYrSm vHk;&if;axG;
&if; atmufrSmcsnf; ususaeonf/ armifwD;u tay:ucGNyD; qifhqifhxkd;aeoNzifh renf;umuG,fae&\/
xdkpOfrSm aTrd tcef;xJ0ifvmonf/ o&J o&J[k atmfoHBum;pOfu bdkau rl;NyD;avQmufatmfae
wm[k xifrdao;onf/ toHu ESpfoHNzpfaeoNzifh rouFmyJ aNy;0ifvmNcif;Nzpf\/ olYvufxJrSm wpf
awmifavmufSnfonfh oeyfcg;wHk; ygvmonf/
armifwD;u wufykudk cGxdk;aewmNrifaomtcg aNy;oGm;NyD; armifwD;\acgif;udk oeyfcg;wHk;Nzifh
dkufcsvdkufonf/ ]]cGyf . . . }} ceJ NrnfoGm;NyD; armifwD; idkufpdkufusoGm;\/
xdktcgusrS wufyku vl;vGefYkef;z,fNyD; xvmonf/ NyD;awmh vJusaeaom armifwD;udk Bunfh .
..
]][if; . . . rif; ckawmh bmwwfEdkifao;vJ . . . }}
qdkNyD; aNcaxmufESifh wpfcsufydwfuefvdkufonf/ armifwD;u wkwfwkwfrSrvIyfawmh/ aTrdu
armifwD;udkBunhfNyD; . . .
]]'Dvl aNryHk0ifcdk;wmyJ Nzpf&r,f . . . [if; . . . olwdkYudk rouFmNzpfaewm BumNyD . . . }}
]][kwfvm; . . . }} qdkaom toHudk Bum;vdkuf&oNzifh vSnhfBunhfonf/ wHcg;0rSm rl,m&yfae
onf/
]]w,fvJ vufoHaNymifygvm; . . . 'gayr,fh a[m'gav;udkawmh ,SOfvdkY r&Edkifygbl; . . . }}
qdkNyD; vufxJu ypwdkaoewfav;udk ,rf;Nyonf/
aTrdu aSUwpfvSrf;wdk;rnfNyKpOf . . .
]]rvIyfeJYaemf . . . 'DaoewfusnfqHu rdef;uav;qkdNyD; nmrSm r[kwfbl; . . . uJ . . . ab;udk
uyfvdkufprf; . . . eH&Hbufudk uyf . . . }}
106
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
wufykESifh aTrdwdkY eH&Hbufuyfvdkuf&onf/ rl,mu owdBuD;pGmxm; aSUwdk;vmNyD; rD;cHaowm

em;rSm &yfonf/
xdkpOfwGif ausmfat; tcef;xJ0ifvmonf/ rl,mu aoewfESifh xdk;csdefvdkuf\/ ausmfat;u
taNctaeudk &dyfrdoNzifh aTrd\aSUrSm 0if&yfvdkufNyD; . . .
]]ypfcsif&if usKyfudkt&ifypfvdkuf . . . }}
]]aBomf . . . odyfcspfaeBuw,faygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . tckawmh rypfao;ygbl; . . . vdkcsif
wmav; ,lyg&apOD; . . . vIyfr,fawmh rBuHeJYaemf . . . }}
rl,mu ausmfat;wdkYudk aoewfESifhcsdefxm;&if; rD;cHaowmem; uyfonf/ NyD;awmh rsufNcnfr
NywfBunhf&if; rD;cHaowmxJodkY vufaemufNyefxnhfNyD; prf;vdkufonf/ ol rsufvHk;NyL;oGm;NyD; . . .
]]trav; . . . bmBuD;vJ . . . }} [k tvefYwBum; atmf[pfvdkufonf/ xdkpOfwGif BuufzBuD;
wpfaumifrSm *pfceJ toHNyKNyD; 0SD;ceJ ysHxGufvmonf/ rl,mu vefYNyD; rsufESmudk vufESifhumvdkufpOf
ausmfat;u tvpfray;yJ aNy;0ifvmNyD; aoewfudkifxm;aomvufudk aNcESifh cyfxkwfvdkuf\/ aoewf
vGifhxGufoGm;onf/ rl,m wpfpHkwpfck wHkYNyefrnfNyKpOfrSmyif ausmfat;u rsufESmudk vufNyefdkufxnhf
vdkufonf/ rl,m pdkufqif;oGm;onf/ xdktcgusrS wufyku aNy;NyD; rl,mudk zrf;csKyfxm;vdkufonf/
ausmfat;u aBumifBunhfaeaom aTrdqD avQmufoGm;NyD; . . .
]]aTrd . . . aTrd . . . bmrS rNzpfbl;aemf . . . uHBuD;ay;vdkYomaygh aTrd&,f . . . }} [k aNym &if;
aTrd\vufudk qkyfudkifvdkufonf/ aTrdu . . .
]]udkausmfat;udk usKyf . . . usKyf aus;Zl;wifygw,f . . . }} [k aNymNyD; NyHK;Bunhfvdkufonf/
'Dtcef;xJrSm NzpfysufcJhorQawGudk vHk;0rodolESpfa,mufawmh Sd\/
wpfa,mufu oufSnfNzpf\/ olonf AD'D,dk*drf; aemufqHk;yGJpOfrSm qufwdkufHI;aeoNzifh tm;r
vdktm;r& rausreyfNzpfNyD; oJBuD;rJBuD; upm;ae&m bmudkrS owdrxm;Edkifatmif NzpfaeNcif;aBumifhyif/
aemufwpfa,mufu bdkau/ oluawmh aq;cyfxm;aom bD,mawG aomufNyD; ckxd owdNyefr
&ao;/ yef;NcHxJuxdkifcHkrSm ab;uopfyifBuD;udkzuf rSD&if; NyHK;NyHK;BuD;tdyfaysmfaeavonf/
***
]]'DvdkAs . . . usKyfu usKyf&JU wdkufBuufrsKd;aumif;av;udk aysmufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY rD;cHaowmxJrSm

oGm;odrf;xm;r,fqdkNyD; oGm;wm . . . aemufawmh aNcoHBum;vdkY bdkauNyef0ifvmNyD rSwfaewm . . .
awmfBum rD;cHaowmxJ Buufudk odrf;&rvm;qdkNyD; ylnHylnHvkyfrSmpdk;vdkY rD;cHaowmBuD;xJ 0ifykef;aevdkuf
wm . . . vufpowfawmh [dkaumifNzpfaewmudk; . . . }}
wufyku nwkef;utNzpfudk NyefSif;Nyaeonf/ ausmfat;u . . .
107
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]uRefawmfvJ olwdkYukd rouFmNzpfaewm BumNyD . . . ta&;BuD;wJhpum;aNymae&if rl,mu reD;

ra0;rSm ra,mifrvnf vkyfvkyfaewm owdNyKrdcJhw,f . . . 'gaBumihf nnus&if owdxm;tdyfzdkY aTrd udk
rSmxm;cJhwm . . . }}
]]usKyfuawmh 'Daumifrudk pa&mufuwnf;u BunhfvdkYudk r&wm . . . tckvnf; Bunhfav . . .
udkBuD;bkdauudk tydkifuyfNyD; BuHpnfoGm;wm . . . [if; . . . nwkef;u &Jpcef;udk ac:oGm;cgeD;rSm awmif
&ufpufawmhrSmvm; tpfudkBuD;&,fqdkNyD; ywfcJReyfcRJ vkyfoGm;ao;w,f . . . }}
aTrduvnf; rausreyf 0ifaNym\/ bdkaurSm ckcsdefxd w0g;0g; orf;aeao;onf/ oufSnf
onfvnf; wpfnvHk; AD'D,dk*drf; upm;xm;oNzifh rsufvHk;awG eD&Jaeonf/
]]uJ . . . tJ'gu ta&;rBuD;bl; . . . NyifOD;vGifudk wufzdkYudp pDpOfBuOD;rSyJ . . . }}
ausmfat;u aNymonf/ bdkauu . . .
]]'DaeYyJ oGm;Bur,fAsm . . . apmavaumif;av r[kwfvm; . . . }}
wufykonf ar;aphudkyGwfae&if;rS . . .
]]tif; . . . &wemawG &zdkYuawmh vufwpfurf;yJ vdkawmhw,f . . . usKyfwdkY csrf;omvm&if
bmvkyfBurvJqdkwm BudKNyD;pOf;pm;xm;zdkY vdkvdrfhr,f . . . }}
]]bmpOf;pm;p&m vdkovJuGm . . . &wemawG&vdkY csrf;omvm&if 'DwdkufBuD;udk tydkif0,fvdkufHk
aygh . . . NyD;awmh um;wpfa,mufwpfpD; 0,fpD;r,f . . . rdef;r,lr,f . . . }}
oufSnfu aNym&m bdkauu . . .
]]rif;vdkaumifudk b,frdef;ru BudKufrSmvJuG . . . }}
]][m; . . . [m; . . . ydkufqHuG . . . ydkufqH . . . ydkufqHSd&if bmrqdk vkyfvdkY&w,f . . .
rif;udkawmif [kd rl,mqdkwJhaumifru ydkufqHvdkcsifvdkY 0ifuyfwm r[kwfbl;vm; . . . }}
]]olYtaBumif; aNymraeprf;ygeJYuGm . . . tvum;aumifr . . . }}
ausmfat;uawmh aTrduaum olYudk BudKufEdkifyghrvm;[k awG;rdNyD; aTrdudk zswfceJBunfhonf/
aTrdu bmudkrS odyfpdwf0ifpm;[efrNy/ wufyku 0ifaNymNyefonf/
]]iguawmh BuufNcHtBuD;BuD;aqmufr,f . . . wdkufBuufawG taumifwpfaxmifavmuf arG;r,f .
. . rsKd;aumif;wJh BuufawGusawmh wpfaumifudk rD;cHaowmwpfvHk;pDxJrSm xnfhodrf;xm;r,f . . . NyD;
awmh 'DrSm odyfylw,fuG . . . tdrfavmufSdwJh a&cJaowmBuD;0,fNyD; tJ'DxJrSm 0ifaer,f . . . }}
bdkauu w[m;[m;&,fvdkufNyD; . . .
]]rif; awmfawmfnHhwJhaumifyJ . . . ydkufqHawG trsm;BuD;&rSawmh 'DrSm b,faeawmhrvJuG . . .
&efukefrSm oGm;aerSmayhg . . . [dkrSm tcef;awG trsm;BuD;ygwJh wdkufBuD;wpfvHk;aqmufr,f . . . rdef;r awG
trsm;BuD;,lNyD; wpfcef;udk wpfa,mufxm;r,f . . . NyD;awmh wdkufacgifrdk;ay:rSm wdkifuDtBuD;BuD; wyfNyD;
108
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
bD,mawG tNynhfxnfhxm;r,f . . . NyD;awmhrS tcef;wdkif;udk ydkufeJY oG,fxm;r,f . . . aomuf csifNyDqdkrS

bHkbdkifacgif;av;zGifhNyD; aomufvdkufHkyJ . . . b,favmuf ZdrfusovJ . . . }}
aTrdu rJhGJUvdkufNyD; aemufaz;buf xxGufoGm;onf/ bdkauu . . .
]]a[h . . . aTrd . . . eifaum bmvkyfrvJ . . . &wemawG &&if . . . }} [k vSrf;ar;onf/
]]odygbl;awmf . . . usKyfuawmh tbGm;eJYyJ aecsifwmyJ . . . }} [k NyefaNymNyD; twGif;cef;xJ
0ifoGm;\/ bdkauu ausmfat;bufvSnhf . . .
]]cifAsm;aum bmvkyfr,f pdwful;vJ . . . }}
]]uRefawmfvJ tbGm;eJYae . . . tJ . . . r[kwfygbl; . . . uRefawmf bmrS rpOf;pm;&ao;ygbl; . .}}
ausmfat;u a,mifa,mifuef;uef;aNymonf/
oufSnfu 0ifaNymonf/
]]a[haumif . . . iguawmh &efukefrSm raeEdkifbl; . . . &efukefu rdk;vnf; wtm;Gmw,f . . .
um;awG vlawGvnf; Iyfw,f . . . vlvdrfawG vlIyfawGvnf; aygw,fvdkY Bum;zl;w,f . . . }}
]]rif; rEav;uaum bmxl;vJ . . . zkefxlw,f . . . Ncifaygw,f . . . pufbD;awG Iyfw,f . . .}}
]]bmyJ NzpfNzpfuGm . . . iguawmh &efukefrSm raeEdkifbl; . . .}}
]]iguawmh &efukefrSmyJ aerSmyJ . . .}}
]]raebl;uGm . . . rEav;yJ . . .}}
]]&efukefuG . . .}}
]]rEav;uG . . .}}
]]ae . . . aeBuygOD;Asm . . . 'Dudpu aemufrS . . .}}
ausmfat;u 0ifaNymaomfvnf; r&/
]]a[haumif . . . &wemaNryHkudk pawGYwm b,folvJ . . . }}
]]atmifrm . . . igu bmBuD;vJ rodbl;? qufwl; qdkvdkY pOfhtdk;BuD;ay:vmwm r[kwfvm; . . . }}
wufykuvnf; 0ifaNymNyefonf/
]]a[haumifawG . . . bmyJNzpfNzpf 'DaNryHk [dkaumifawGvufxJ ygroGm;wm ighaBumihfuG . . . }}
oufSnfu . . .
109
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]at; . . . 'gawmh [kwfw,fuG . . . bdkauuawmh [dkaumifrudk wrf;wrf;pGJNzpfaevdkY uH

aumif;vdkY 'kurrsm;wm . . . }}
]]tHrm . . . rif;ua&m AD'D,dk*drf;xJrSm wrf;wrf;pGJNzpfaevdkY [dkaumif tdrfay:wufoGm;wmawmif
rodvdkufbl; r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]wu,fawmh igu pGefYpGefYpm;pm; 0ifNyD;wdkufcdkufvdkY [dkaumifawGudk zrf;rdwm . . . 'Dawmh &w
emawG&&if ighudkawmif trsm;qHk;ay;oihfw,f . . . }}
wufyku xyfuGefYNyef&m bdkauu . . .
]]bmuG . . . rif;udk [dkaumifu cGpD;NyD;xdk;aewm . . . aTrda&mufrvm&if rif;taoyJ r[kwf
vm; . . . 'gudkrsm; rif;u ydkvdkcsifao;vm; . . . 'DrSm a[haumifawG . . . wpfa,mufrS pum;rSnfeJY . . .
tm;vHk;xJrSm ig tBuD;qHk; . . . ig qHk;Nzwfwmudk emcH&r,f . . . 'gyJ . . . }}
]]bmvdkY emcH&rSmvJuG . . . }}
wufyku x&yfvdkufonf/ bdkauuyg x&yfonf/ NyD;awmh wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf ay
apmif;apmif;BunhfaeBu\/ ausmfat;u . . .
]]awmfBuygawmhAsm . . . 'DtcsdefrSm 'gawGaNymzdkY roifhawmfygbl; . . . }}
wufyku ausmfat;buf vSnfhBunhfNyD; . . .
]]r[kwfbl;As udkausmfat; . . . 'Daumifu oltBuD;qHk;qdkNyD; tNrJwrf; tEdkifusifhcsifw,f . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . i,fi,fuwnf;u 'Daumif AdkvfuscJhwm . . . }} [k oufSnfuyg 0ifaNym onf/
]]Adkvfusawmh bmNzpfovJ . . . rif;wdkYu bmvkyfcsifovJ . . . }}
bdkauu ar;&if; aSUwpfvSrf;wdk;onf/ wufyku . . .
]]bmvkyfcsifovJqdkawmh cscsifw,fuGm . . . }}
qdkNyD; bdkauudk ckeftkyfvdkufonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf vHk;axG;NyD; Burf;Nyifay: usoGm;onf/ wpf
vSnfhwpfNyefpD tay:pD;&onf/ bdkautay:pD;&vQif oufSnfu 0ifwGef;vSJypfonf/ ESpfa,mufwpf
a,mufNzpfaomfvnf; bdkaurSm tawmifhwif;qHk;Nzpf rEdkifyJSdaeBu\/ ausmfat;u 0ifqGJaomfvnf; r
&/
]][m . . . vkyfBuygOD; . . . aTrda& . . . vmygOD; . . . }}
ausmfat;u atmfoNzifh aTrdaNy;xGufvmonf/ tpfudkoHk;a,mufudk wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf
vHk;axG;owfykwfaeBuwm NrifoNzifh twif;0ifqGJonf/ ausmfat;uyg 0ifulawmhrS &efyGJNyD;oGm;\/
]]bmNzpfBuwmvJ . . . b,fvdkNzpfBuwmvJ . . . }}
110
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
aTrdu ar;onf/ bdkauwdkYrSm raNzEdkifao;yJ wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf rdkufBunhfBunhfaeBu

wkef;/ aTrdu taNctaeudk &dyfpm;rdvdkuf\/ xdkYaBumihf . . .
]][if . . . &wemawGawmif r&ao;bl; . . . ckvdk NzpfaeBuNyDqdk&if &wemawGom wu,f&vdkY
uawmh wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf taoowfBurSm usdef;aow,f . . . awmfNyD . . . tpfudkwdkYeJY
rvdkufawmhbl; . . . usKyf tbGm;qD Nyefr,f . . . awmNyefr,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u . . . ]][m . . . r[kwfao;ygbl;av . . . }} [k aNymvdkufaomfvnf; bdkauuawmh .
..
]]aumif;w,f . . . Nyef . . . Nyef . . . tck igwdkYoGm;r,fhc&D;u Burf;wrf;w,f . . . rdef;uav;
vdkufvdkY raumif;bl; . . . 'Dawmh eif tbGm;qDNyefapmihfaewm taumif;qHk;yJ . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . [kwfw,f . . . }}
'Dtcgusawmh wufykwdkY oufSnfwkdYu bdkauhudk axmufcHaeNyef\/ ausmfat;u . . .
]]'gqdkvJ aTrdukd Gmtxd NyefydkYrS NzpfrSmaygh . . . }}
]]ydkYp&m rvdkbl; . . . usKyfudk blwmkHom ydkYay; . . . usKyfbmom Nyefwwfw,f . . .}}
]]b,fNzpfrvJ . . . Gmxda&mufatmif uRefawmf ydkYay;r,f . . . }}
]][m . . . udkausmfat;u usKyfwdkYeJY vdkufrSNzpfrSmaygh . . . GmNyefydkYNyD; NyefvmwJhtxd apmihfae&if
tcsdefvifhukefr,f . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . olYbmom NyefcsifvdkY NyefwmyJ . . . wpfa,mufwnf; Nyefyapaygh . . .}}
aNymvdkY&rSmr[kwfrSef; odoNzifh aTrdudk blwmHk vdkufydkYvdkuf&onf/ b,fblwmrSm qif;NyD; b,f
vdkoGm;qdkwmudk ausmfat;u wwGwfwGwfrSmaeonf/ olu pdwfrcsEdkifyJ Nzpfae\/ bdkauwdkYuawmh
&xm;xGufatmifawmif rapmifhyJ NyifOD;vGifudk wufcsifvSNyD/
olwdkYrSm avmbpdwfuav;awG 0ifvmNyD; udk,fhnDrt&if;udkawmif *krpdkufEdkifavmufatmif Nzpf
aeBuNyD[k ausmfat; owdNyKrdvdkufavonf/
***
ydwfcsif;aNrmifa&wHcGefrS qufxGufvmBuNyD;aemuf awmifukef;Nrifhwpfckay:rSm em;Buonf/ oGm;&

onfhc&D;rSm ukef;tqif;twufrsm;oNzifh yifyef;Bu\/ tarmaNy a&aomufaecsdefwGif ausmfat;u aNym
onf/
111
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]uJ . . . tck ta&;BuD;wJhtcsdef a&mufaeNyD . . . 'DvdktcsdefrsKd;rSm tm;vHk; nDnDnGwfnGwf SdBu

zdkYvdkw,f . . . 'Dawmh tm;vHk; nDnDnGwfnGwfSdyghr,fqdkwm uwday;&vdrhfr,f . . . 'grS tvkyfquf
vkyfvdkY Nzpfr,f . . . }}
]]ay;ygw,fAsm . . . }} [k usefoHk;a,mufvHk;u aNymonf/ bdkaurSm aerxdxdkifrom Nzpfae\/
tckvdk udprsKd;rSm wwfEdkiforQ trSm;uif;atmifvkyf&r,fqdkNyD; ausmfat;u bdkauukd bD,m vHk;0
aomufcGifhrNyKcJhaomaBumihf Nzpf\/
]]uJ . . . aemufxyf pum;0Sufudk azmfBunhf&atmif . . . ]aBumifatmfoHBum;&mt&yfodkY oGm; avmh
. . . } wJh . . . }}
]]aNryHktnTef;t&qdk&ifawmh a[m[dkwpf0dkufrSm Sm&r,f . . . aBumifatmfoH . . . aBumifatmfoH . .
. tJ . . . [kwfNyD . . . aBumifu b,fvdkatmfovJ . . . }}
]]cGD; vdkY atmfwmaygh . . . }} [k oufSnfu 0ifaNymonf/
]][m . . . r[kwfygbl;As . . . aBumifu anmifvdkY ratmfbl;vm; . . . }}
]]atmfw,f . . .}}
]][kwfNyD . . . 'g[m anmifyifudk qdkvdkwmyJ . . . 'Dem;wpf0dkufrSm txdu& anmifyifBuD;wpf yif
Sd&r,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u ausmydk;tdwfxJrSm rSefaNymif;udkxkwfNyD; Bunhfonf/ rSefaNymif;udk [dk'D a0h0kdufBunhf
vkdufNyD;aemuf . . .
]]awGYNyDAsKdU . . .}}
]]&wemawGvm; . . .}}
]][m . . . r[kwfygbl; . . . anmifyifBuD;udk awGYNyD . . . 'DrSmBunhf . . .}}
ausmfat;u rSefaNymif;udk bdkauhtm; urf;ay;onf/ xdkYaemuf oufSnf? NyD;awmh wufyk/
]]uJ . . . oGm;BupdkY . . . }}
anmifyifBuD;Sd&modkY OD;wnfxGufcGmcJhBuonf/ c&D;rSm wpfrdkifcefY a0;rnf/ opfyif csKHyifawG?
ausmufwHk;awGudk ausmfvTm;oGm;Bu&rnf/ 'DBum;xJ oufSnfESifh wufykwdkY Nyem vkyfcsifBuao;onf/
oufSnfu olxrf;&onhf aygufcRef;BuD;rSm wufykxrf;&onhf a*:Nym;xuf trsm;BuD;ydkav;oNzifh vJ
xrf;zdkYaNymonf/ wufyku vufrcH/ udk,fus&myJ[k aNym&mrS Niif;ckefBuNcif;Nzpf\/ ausmfat;u . . .
]cifAsm;wdkYudk nDnGwfBuzdkY uwdcHcdkif;xm;w,faemf . . . } [k qdkrS NidrfoGm;Bu\/
twefBumatmif avQmufNyD;aemuf anmifyifBuD;qDodkY a&mufvmBuonf/ anmifyifBuD;rSm
wu,f txdu&yif Nzpf\/ yHkNyifawGxJrSmygaom vSnf;ig;&m t&dyfcdkEdkifonfqdkwmrsKd;/ tukdif;BuD;awG
u NzmxGufaeBu&m aNrudkyif xdvkrwwf auG;nGwfusae\/
112
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]uJ . . . anmifyifBuD;udk awGYNyD . . . aemufxyf pum;0Sufwpfcku [EKrmef nTefNy&mbufodkY wJh

. . . tJ'g bmvJ . . . }}
bdkauu ar;onf/ ausmfat;u anmifyifBuD;udk armhBunhf&if; pOf;pm;aeonf/ wufyku . . .
]][dkt&ifu 'Danmifyifay:rSm arsmufawG Sdvdrfhr,f . . . tJ'DarsmufawGu vrf;nTefNyvdrfhr,f vdkY
aNymwmeJY wlw,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u . . .
]]'Dvdkawmh [kwfr,f rxif . . . tJ . . . cifAsm; ckeuaNymwm bmvJ . . . arsmufawGu vrf;nTef
. . . [m . . . odNyDAs . . . [EKrmefqdkwm bmvJ . . . arsmuf r[kwfvm; . . . 'g[m anmifyifBuD;uae
aNrmuft&yfudk oGm;&r,fvdkY qdkvdkwmyJ . . . }}
]]NzpfEdkifw,f . . . qufNyD; pOf;pm;ygOD; . . . aNryHkxJu aemufqHk;pmaBumif;u '*D&dq,f
a,mufeJY twloGm;av wJh . . . 'g[m tNyD;owftnTef;yJ . . . tJ'gazmfEdkif&if &wemawG awGYNyDyJ . . .
}}
ausmfat;u tawmfBumatmif pOf;pm;aeNyD;rS . . .
]]'*D&dqdkwm acgif;q,fvHk;Sdw,f . . . q,fa,mufqdkawmh acgif;tvHk;wpf&m . . . twl
oGm;qdkawmh . . . [kwfNyDAs . . . [EKrmefnTefNy&mqdkwJh aNrmuft&yfudk aNcvSrf;wpf&mwdwdoGm;&if
&wemodkufudk awGYNyD . . . }}
]]'gqdk oGm;BupdkY . . . }}
]]cPav; . . . }}
ausmfat;u oHvdkuftdrfaNrmifudk xkwfBunhfonf/ aNrmuft&yfudk nTefNyxm;onfh tdrfaNrmifxm;
&mbufudk vSnhfvdkuf\/
]]uJ . . . a[m'DanmifyifaNc&if;uae aNcvSrf;udk pNyD;a&wGufr,f . . . uRefawmfhaemufu
vdkufcJhBuayawmh . . . wpf . . . ESpf . . . oHk; . . . av; . . . }}
ausmfat;u aNcvSrf;udk a&wGufNyD; avQmufonf/ usefvlawGu olYaemufrS wef;pDNyD;vdkufBu\/
vltm;vHk;rSm ausmfat;\aNcaxmufudkomBunhf pdwfxJu vdkufa&wGufaeBuonf/ odkYNzifh aNcvSrf;
ta&twGufrSm wNznf;Nznf;rsm;vmonf/
]]ig;q,fhig; . . . ig;q,fhaNcmuf . . . ig;q,fhckepf . . . . . . . .? Spfq,fhwpf . . . Spf q,fhESpf .
. . . . . . . .? udk;q,fhig; . . . udk;q,fhaNcmuf . . . udk;q,fhckepf . . . udk;q,fhSpf . . .}}
xdkae&mwGif ausmfat;\a&wGufoH &yfoGm;onf/ aemufrS vdkufvmolawGu ausmfat;aNcvSrf;
udk *kwpdkufBunhfNyD; rSwfae&rS &yfoGm;aomtcg bmNzpfwmygvdrfhqdkNyD; armhBunhfvkduf&m . . .
]][m . . . }}
113
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
tm;vHk; [mceJ? [ifceJ NzpfoGm;\/ ausmfat;\ udk;q,fhSpfvSrf;aNrmufaNcvSrf;rSm apwDi,f

wpfql\ zdeyfawmftpGef;rSm usa&mufaeaomaBumihfyif Nzpf\/
ausmfat;u aemufudkvSnhfBunhfNyD; . . .
]]olYtnTef;twdkif;qdk&ifawmh 'Dae&myJ . . . aemufxyf aNcvSrf;ESpfvSrf;pmqdkawmh 'DapwD&JU
atmufwnfhwnfhrSm &wemodkufSdaew,f . . . }}
wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufBunhfBuonf/ ]b,fvdkvkyfBurvJ . . . } qdkaom trlt&mrsm; Nzifh
Bunhfae&mrS bdkauu pum;paNymonf/
]]bmyJNzpfNzpf wl;zdkYyJ SdawmhwmyJ . . . }} [k aNymNyD; oufSnf\vufxJrS aygufcRef;udk qGJ,l
vdkufonf/ ausmfat;u wpfpHkwpfck aNymrnfNyKao;onf/ bdkauuawmh aygufcRef;udk wtm;vTJaNrmuf
vdkufNyD/ xdkpOfrSm . . .
]]a[h . . . &yfvdkufprf; . . . }}
qdkaom toHudk Bum;oNzifh vSnhfBunhfvkdufBuonf/
]][if . . . tbGm; . . . }}
tbGm;ESifh aTrdwdkY Nzpf\/ aTrdu tbGm;udk wGJNyD;ac:vmonf/ tem;a&mufaomtcg tbGm;u
aygufcRef;BuD;udkifaNrmufxm;qJNzpfaom bdkau\vufudk zrf;qGJxm;NyD; . . .
]]rdkufvScsnfvm; . . . [if . . . eif bk&m;udk NzdKrvdkYayghav . . . }}
]]&wemawGu 'DatmufrSm Sdaewmudk;As . . . }}
bdkauu NyefaNymonf/
]]'gqdk 'D&wemawG[m bk&m;ydkifypnf;NzpfaeNyDaygh . . . bk&m;udkNzdKNyD; &wemawG ,lr,fqdk&if
bk&m;|myemwdkufazmufwmeJY wlwlyJ . . . rvkyfaumif;bl;aemf . . . }}
]]'Davmuftxd tyifyef;cHvmcJhNyD; vufwpfurf;tvdkusrSawmh aemufrqkwfEdkifawmhbl; tbGm; }}
]]rif; rvkyfeJYaemf bkdau . . . tbGm;aNymaew,f . . . }}
bdkauonf awGawGBuD;vkyfaeonf/ NyD;awmh tHwpfcsufBudwfvdkufNyD; . . .
]]usKyfudk rwm;eJYawmh tbGm; . . . }}
]]bdkau . . . rif; i&JraBumufbl;vm; . . . }}
tbGm;\pum;udk bdkau em;r0ifawmh/ tbGm;vufudk kef;z,fNyD; aygufcRef;udk vTJaNrmufvdkuf
onf/ xdkpOfrSmyif olYrsufvHk; NymceJNzpfoGm;onf/ apwD\ tkwfcGufawGBum;rS yg;ysOf;cGufaeaom aNrG
114
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
a[mufBuD;wpfaumif xGufvmonfudk Nrifvdkuf&aomaBumihf Nzpf\/ bdkauonf NyL;aBumifNyD; Bunfhae

onf/ wNcm;vlrsm;uvnf; bdkauudk pl;pdkufBunhfaeBuonf/
]]rif;vufxJu aygufcRef;udk csvdkufprf; . . . }}
tbGm;\toH xGufvmonf/ bdkau vufxJuaygufcRef;udk wNznf;Nznf; ESdrfhcsvdkufNyD; aNrBuD;
ay: vTwfcsvdkuf\/ aNrGBuD;vnf; NrifuGif;rS aysmufoGm;onf/ trSefawmh bdkauonf olYavmbpdwfudk
aNrGa[mufwpfaumiftoGifNzihf NyefNrifvdkufrdNcif;om Nzpfavonf/
tbGm;u bdkau\vufarmif;udk qkyfudkifNyD; nifomaomavoHNzifh . . .
]]pdwfavsmhvdkufygawmh ighaNr;&,f . . . wkdYwpfawG &oifhoavmufvJ &cJhNyD;NyDyJ . . . 'Datmufu
&wemawGudkawmh bk&m;udk vSLvdkufw,fvdkYyJ oabmxm;vdkufygawmhuG,f . . . 'D&wemawG&JUydkifSif
olaX;BuD;OD;ol& rSmcJhovdk apwDwpfqlwnfNyD;NyDvdkY rSwf,lNyD; OD;ol&twGuf trQtwef;a0NyD; NyefBu
ygpdkY&JU . . . avmbqdkwm rowfEdkif&if tE&m,fodyfBuD;ygw,fuG,f . . . }}
wufykESifh oufSnfwdkYu acgif;ndwfonf/ ausmfat;u aTrdudk Bunhfvdkufonf/ aTrduvnf;
acgif;ndwfNyonf/ bdkauonf awGawGBuD;&yfae&mrS qwfceJ xdkifcsvdkufNyD; apwDudk acgif;xd OD;oHk;
Budrfcsvdkufonf/
wNcm;olrsm;vnf; xdkif vdkufuefawmhBuonf/ qGJvGJoHrsm;um; avNynfwGif om,mpGm xGuf
ay:aeavonf/
***
bdkauwdkY NyemNzpf owfykwfBuNyD;aemuf aTrd GmodkYNyefNyD; tNzpftysufudk tbGm;tm; aNymNy

cJhonf/ tbGm;u 'Dtwdkif;qdk&if 'kua&mufawmhrSmyJ[k wGufonf/ ydwfcsif;aNrmifa&wHcGefqdkwmtxd
pum;0Sufudk azmfxkwfEdkifaBumif; aTrdu aNymNyonf/ xdktcg aS;vlBuD;Nzpfaom tbGm;wifhu usef
aompum;0Sufrsm;udk teD;pyfqHk; awG;qBunhfEdkifoNzifh bdkauwdkYaemufodkY vdkufvmcJhNcif;Nzpf\/
rEav;Sdwdkufudk Nyefa&mufaomtcg tbGm;u tm;vHk;udk pka0;NyD; qHk;rpum;aNymonf/
]]uJ . . . tm;vHk; em;axmifBu . . . igwdkY GmNyefBur,f . . . wdkY awmolawmifom;qdkwm
awmrSmyJ aysmfoifhw,f . . . v,f,mvkyfief;[m igwdkYtwGuf toifhawmfqHk;yJ . . . 'gaBumihf GmrSm ig
v,f{u ig;q,f 0,fxm;w,f . . . wdkYtm;vHk; wufnDvufnDvkyfBu&if wpfoufvHk; acsmifacsmif
vnfvnf aeoGm;Edkifw,f . . . b,fhES,fvJ . . . }}
aTrdu . . .
]]usKyfuawmh tbGm;aNymwm oabmusw,f . . . NrdKUrSmqdk&if usKyfwdkYu bmrS vkyfudkifpm;
aomufwwfwm r[kwfbl; . . . SdorQaiGawGudk xdkifNzKef;NyD; pm;aomufaewmeJY ukefrSmyJ . . . }}
wufyku . . .
115
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
ac:oHBum; vSnhfBunhfonf/ olYab;rSm ausmfat; vm&yfonf/
]]aTrdwdkY wu,fNyefawmhrSmayhgaemf . . . }}
ausmfat;toHu wpfrsKd;NzpfaeaBumif; aTrd owdNyKrdonf/
]]awmol awmudkNyefwm qef;ovm; udkausmfat;&JU . . . }}
]][kwfygw,f . . . rqef;ygbl; . . . 'gayr,fh tpfudkYtzdkYawmh aTrdwdkYeJY awGYqHk&NyD; oHa,mZOf

Nzpf&wm tdyfrufwpfckvdkygyJ . . . ckvdk cGJcGm&r,fh tcsdefa&mufvmawmhvJ &ifxJrSm wpfrsKd;BuD;yJ . . . }}
ausmfat;u aNymNyD; aTrdudk wpfcsuftuJcwfonf/ aTrdu bmrS NyefraNym/ ausmfat;uyif . . .
]]aTrdudk tpfudk wpfckaNymcsifw,f . . . }}
]]aNymav . . . bmaNymrvdkYvJ . . . }}
ausmfat;u wHawG;rsKdcsvdkufNyD;rS . . .
]][kd . . . [dk . . . wpfcgwkef;u aTrdudk ar;zl;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . wpfa,mufa,mufu rsm;
aTrdudk cspfw,fvdkYaNymvm&if b,fvdkwHkYNyefrvJvdkY . . . tJ'Dawmh aTrdu yg;ydwfcsvdkufrSmayghvdkY
aNymcJhw,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]tif;av . . . tJ'g bmNzpfovJ . . . }}
]]wu,fvdkY . . . wu,fvdkY aTrdudk cspfw,fvdkY aNymwJhol[m tpfudk udk,fwdkifyJqdk&ifaum aTrd
u yg;dkufrSmyJvm; . . . }}
aTrdu NyHK; . . .
]]udkausmfat;udkawmh b,fdkufyghrvJ . . . udkausmfat;u usKyfwdkY&JU aus;Zl;SifyJ[m . . . [kdn
u usKyfudk [kdaumifru aoewfeJYcsdefawmh usKyfaSUu udkausmfat;u 0ifumcJhw,fav . . . tJ'Du
wnf;u udkausmfat;&JUapwemudk usKyf odcJhwmyg . . . }}
]]'gqdk tpfudkYudk NyefrcspfEdkifbl;vm;[if . . . }}
]]'gawmh usKyfraNymwwfbl;awmh . . . usKyfudkcspf&if tbGm;udk vmaNymaygh . . . tbGm;oabm
wl&if usKyfu rNiif;ygbl; . . . wpfckawmh Sdw,f . . . usKyfu NrdKUrSmawmh raeEdkifbl; . . . udkausmf at;
awmrSmvmaeNyD; usKyfwdkYeJY 'dk;wlaygifzuf v,f,mvkyfief;udk vkyfEdkifr,fqdk&ifawmh GmudkvmcJhyg . . .
usKyf arQmfaeyghr,f . . . }}
ausmfat;u awGai;ai;vkyfae\/ wpfpHkwpfck aNymrnfNyifvdkufpOf . . .
]]aTrda& . . . oGm;BupdkYa[h . . . tm;vHk; tqifoifhNzpfaeNyD . . . }}
tdrfaSUbufrS vSrf;ac:oHBum;&onf/
117
&,farmNcif;vufusef
rif;vl
]]a[m . . . tbGm; ac:aeNyD . . . usKyf oGm;awmhr,faemf . . . }}
aTrd vSnhfxGufoGm;onf/ ausmfat;rSm wpfckck aNymawmhrvdk vSrf;ac:&awmhrvdk vufaNrmuf

vdkuf vufcsvdkufNzpfNyD;rS cyfav;av; avQmufvdkufoGm;onf/
vufwGef;xGefpufuav;\ aemufwGJay:rSm ypnf;awGa&m vlawGa&m wufae&m,lNyD;BuNyD/ bdk
auu armif;olae&mudk ,lxm;onf/ aTrdu aemufwGJay:wuf tpGefrSm xdkifvdkufonf/ ausmfat;u
vnf; tem;rSm oGm;&yf&if; acgif;idkufpdkufcsvdkufonf/ bdkauu vSnhfBunhfNyD; . . .
]]uJ . . . udkausmfat; . . . usKyfwdkYudk tppulnDcJhwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm . . . usKyf
wdkYGmudkvnf; vmvnfyg . . . cifAsm;udk tcsdefraG; BudKqdkyghr,f . . . uJ . . . oGm;r,fAsm . . . }}
tbGm;uvnf; . . .
]]uJ . . . tbGm;wdkYoGm;r,f armifausmfat; . . . }}
aTrdonf ausmfat;udk wpfcsufBunhfvdkuf\/ tvdkvdkae&if; rsuf&nf0Jvmonf/
]]udkausmfat; . . . usKyf oGm;awmhr,faemf . . . }}
ausmfat;u acgif;udk cyfNznf;Nznf;ndwfNyonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf\ trlt&mudkBunhfNyD; tbGm;
u acgif;wndwfndwfvkyfaeonf/ bdkauu xGefpufudk pufEId;onf/ NyD;awmh *D,moGif; armif;xGuf
onf/ odkY&mwGif buf*D,mudk rSm;xdk;rdoNzifh aSUudkrxGufyJ aemufudk aqmifhxGufoGm;onf/ xdktcg
aemufrSm&yfaeaom ausmfat;\aNcaxmufudk 0ifaqmifhrdNyD; ausmfat;rSm aemufwGJay:odkY [yfxdk;vJus
oGm;\/
xdktcsdefrSmyif bdkauu *D,mrSefNyefxdk;NyD; aSUudk armif;xGufoGm;onf/ ausmfat;vJtusrSm aT
rdu pdk;&drfNyD; vufudkzrf;udkifxm;oNzifh ausmfat;rSm aemufwGJay:wGif udk,fwpfydkif;wef;vef;ESifh ygoGm;
onf/
oufSnfESifh wufykwdkYu ausmfat;udk aemufwGJay:qGJwifonf/ oufSnfu . . .
]]cifAsm;uvJ vdkufcsif&if apmapmpD;pD;u wufvdkufvmwm r[kwfbl; . . . }} [k aNymvdkufao;
onf/ ausmfat;rSm aemufwGJay: a&mufoGm;NyD;aemuf aTrdudkwpfvSnhf? tbGm;udkwpfvSnhf Bunhfaerd\/
tbGm;u NyHK; . . .
]]rxl;ygbl; armifausmfat;&,f . . . Gmudk wpfcgwnf;om vdkufcJhygawmh . . . }}
aTrduvnf; . . .
]][kwfom;yJ udkausmfat;uvJ . . . }} [k NyHK;aNymonf/ ausmfat;u . . . ]][D; . . . [D; . . . }}
[k &,fvdkufNyD; . . .
]]uRefawmfvJ tJ'gaNymrvdkYyJ . . . kwfw&uf aNymrxGufvdkY . . . }}
118
rif;vl
&,farmNcif;vufusef
olwdkY\ vufwGef;xGefpufuav;onf rEav;NrdKUv,faumifrSm tSdefESihfaNy;aeonf/ vrf;rSm

awGYorQ vlrsm;udk 0rf;aNrmuf0rf;om vufNyEIwfqufBuonf/ rEav; NrdKUawmfolNrdKUawmfom;rsm;rSm ol
wdkY bmaBumifh 'DavmufaysmfTifaeBuygvdrfhqdkNyD; wtHhwBo ai;armBunhfaeBuavonf/
rif;vl
(1-4-97)
(&,farmNcif;ESifh &ifarmNcif; pmtkyf?
1997? 'DZifbm)
119

Min Lu Yal Maw Chin Lat Kyan

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Min Lu Yal Maw Chin Lat Kyan

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

&,farmNcif;vufusef

Myanmar E-Book tNzpf

uRefawmfonf obm0ESifh [mo0wKuav;rsm;udk a&;om;NyD; pmtkyftjzpf pkpnf;xkwfa0cJhygonf/

iwufNym;tkyfpkrsm;rSm wpfae&mwGif rBumcPqHkBuonf/ vlpHkwufpHkawmh r[kwf/ xdkae&modkY

olwdkYnDtpfudkonf olcdk;om Nzpfrvmbl;qdkvQif av,mOfysHwDxGifol ]dkuf} nDaemifvdk ausmf

]]rvdkygbl;uGm . . . igwdkYtom;u e*dkwnf;u rnf;NyD;om;yg . . . }} [k y,fcsvdkufonf/ odkY

]]bmaNymaumif;rvJAsm . . . acG;aNy;0ufaNy; aNy;vdkuf&wm . . . b,fhES,fAsm . . . *ufpfrD;

aq;ayghvdyfwkduav;zGm rSdef;&if;vSJaeaom arSmfq&mu xxdkifvdkufNyD; . . .

arSmfq&monf 0g;x&Hudk tomNzJ vQKd0ifvdkufonf/ tdrfxJa&mufNyD/ vufarmif;rSm csnfvm

tdrfSifhtoHu wkefaeNyD/ arSmfq&mu tcGifhomcdkuf ckeftkyfrnfh[efNzifh a[h . . . qdk aNcmuf

tdrfSifu Nywif;aygufwHcg;udk oGm;zGifhvdkufao;onf/ aqmif;av\ tat;qHk; aNrmufNyefav

arSmfq&mum; ar;csif;dkufaeNyD/ wNznf;Nznf; wpfudk,fvHk; wkefwufvmonf/ ikyfaeaom

]][m; . . . [m; . . . 'geJY rif;udkaq;wdkufNyD; oem;vdkY vTwfvdkufa&mvm; . . . }} [k BuGuf

]]rD;zdkacsmifxJta&mufrSm aNcaxmufuawmh zGeif;wmyJ . . . Burf;udku rcdkifawmh uRdceJ Nrnf

olonf usD;rEdk;yJGvkyfolrsm;ESifhtwl a&ma,mifvdkuf&if; taNctaeBunhfonf/ b,ftdrfudk0if

aqmifwdkifyGJ avQmufBunhfBurnf/ NyD;awmh NrdKUxJrSm tdyfrnf/ tdrfNyefvmrnfr[kwf/ at;at;aq;aq;

xGufaygufrsm;Sdrvm;[k vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh [dk[dk'D'D xdk;Bunhfonf/ Nywif;aygufvnf; rSd/

]]rif; xGufvdkY r&bl;aygh . . . }}

tkef;qHeDuvnf; olYtawGYtBuHKudk aNymNyefonf/ olonf tkef;qHarT;rsm;uJhodkY eDusifusif Iyf

]]b,fNzpfrvJuG . . . tJ'Da&'D,dkqdkwmvJ ig wpfNcm;tdrfu cdk;xm;wmuG . . . tNyifxkwf

BuGufpkwfonf ydefydef ao;ao;auG;auG;av; Nzpf\/ onfuyif olYtm; uHw&m;u vkyfudkif

rdef;rBuD; txkyfudkraNzrcsif; tcdk;cH&aBumif; od&rnfr[kwf/ NyD;awmh 'Dudpu tdrfxJawmif

rdef;rBuD; Edk;vmNyD/ BuGufpkwfu toHrxGufatmif EIwfcrf;udkzdudkufNyD; vufudk NyefqGJxkwfonf/

olcdk;udk,fwdkifu olYudk,folNyefatmfNyD; azmfaeoNzifh vlawG aBumifaeonf/

]]tJ'gygyJAsm . . . 'gaBumihf usKyfu ukd,fuusL;&if ukd,fhvufawmif r,Hk&bl;vdkY aNymwmaygh .

oufoufvGwf'Hayguf &Ekdifrnfhae&mudk OD;ukvm;u aoaocsmcsmnTefvkdufonf/ &J&ifh kyfSifHk

tvdkufodpGmyif tSdefavQmhay;onf/ olwdkYvnf; vrf;wpfzufodkY cyfrSefrSeful;NyD; tbGm;BuD;udk yvuf

txufygtjzpftysufonf kyfSifwkdY? 0wKwkdYrSmqdkvQif Zmwfaumif\pkdufukd rdwfqufonfhtae

xDzGifhaomtcg olwdkYxkd;xm;aom xDvufrSwfrSm aygufawmhaygufonf/ qkBuD;r[kwf/ axmifh

atmifbmavonf trd0rf;wGif;rS uRwfcgeD;qJqJup olYrdbudkulnDcJhavonf/ (xDaxmifhig;

tazESihftar tjyeftvSef ajymaeMuwmudk SpfESpfom;tG,f atmifbmavu Mum;onf/ aemuf

ol.tazonf ezl;udk jzef;ceJkdufvdkufNyD; tawmfpdwf"mwfusoGm;[efjzifh . . .

olonf ausmif;rSmvnf; wpfzufom;udk ulnDwwfavonf/ ausmif;udkapmapma&mufatmif

ulnDzdkYqdkvQif jiif;wwfolr[kwf pmtkyfudkay;vkdufonf/ [kdaumifuvnf; olYtvSnfhusawmh

ab;rSefwpfcsyfrSm yg0gESihfjzpf nifnifomomuav; yGifhusoGm;onf/ um;xJrSmawmh touf

olonf &efukefNrdKUxJodkY xGufvmcJh&jyefonf/ cktcgvnf; ollYudpr[kwf/ &yfuGufxJrSvlwpf

aq;Hku jyefxGufvmNyD;aemuf tdrfjyef&ef um;rSwfwdkifqDodkY avQmufvmcJhonf/ wkdufwkdufqkdif

atmifbmavrSm tbGm;BuD;udk um;ay:wJGwifay;&ao;onf/ tbGm;BuD;rSm um;ay:rSm vkdufyg

wcsdK.vlrsm;onf apm&euwfac: olckd;euwfESifh ,SOfNyD;arG;aomaMumifh olrsm;ypnf;udk rckd;&

'Dwpfcgawmh atmifbmav\ulnDrIrSm tBuD;tus,f atmifjrifrI&oGm;onf/ taMumif;rSm [kdvl

atmifbmavrSm twJGSdonf[kqkdvQif thHMop&maumif;ayvdrfhrnf/ wu,fawmh olYtpGrf;tp

wpfcgu oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf r*FvmaqmifodkY olwkdYESpfa,muf twlwloGm;Muonf/ aumifr

atmifbmavu olYxuf wjcm;rdef;uav;awGudk ydkNyD;ta&;ay;aevkdY oli,fcsif;taygif;toif;

aumifrav;rSm awmfawmfpdwfqkd;oGm;onf/ atmifbmavvkyfyHkaMumifh olYnDr0rf;uGJawG? oli,f

atmifbmavonf ol\xHk;pHtwkdif; vrf;ay:rSm iSufaysmcGHwkdY? ykvif;uGJwkdYSdvQif aumufNyD;z,f

]]&ygw,f . . . cifAsm;wkdYcsnf;yJ EkdifrSmr[kwfbl; . . . jyKwfus&if ESarsmp&mBuD; . . . }}

vltrsm;xdckdufrSmpdk;vdkY wm0efododvkyfcJhwmudk bmaMumifhzrf;&ovJ[k em;rvnfEkdifatmif jzpf

xkdrQruao;/ atmifbmav aq;HkrSmoGm;jyKpkcJholonf aq;HkrSqif;vmNyD; axmheJYaxmheJYESifh

azmufxGif;cH&onfh tdrfSifvlBuD;onf &Jpcef;odkYa&mufvmNyD; trItajctaeudk ar;onf/ pcef;

]]olr[kwfbl;qkdwm tefu,ftmrcHygw,f . . . olYudkvTwfay;vdkufyg . . . }}

]]rif;ajymwJhyHkawGu vltrsm;pkxJu yHkyJ . . . 'DavmufeJYawmhr&ao;bl; . . . xl;jcm;wm bmSd

atmifbmavudk vTwfay;vkdufonf/ atmifbmavu jyefcgeD; aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymaewkef;

vrf;jzwful;&mrSm olulnDcJhzl;aom tbGm;BuD;a':Muif jzpfaeav\/ tbGm;BuD;uvnf; atmif

]]a[h 'um. . . usKyfu bkef;BuD;Asaemf. . . kyfSifrif;om;r[kwfbl;. . . }} vkdY yufceJajymvdkufwm

usKyfwkdYu tJonfvkd q&mawmfrsdK;vufatmufrSm aevmchJ&wmqdkawmh (t&yfpum;eJYajym&&if)

udkif; . . . pdwfavvGifhzkdY tcsdefr&atmif b,favmuf tuGufaphaph pDpOfxm;w,fqdkwm awGYNyD

usKyfwkdYbkef;BuD;qkdwmuvnf; vlawGvdk udk,fvdrf;aygif'gwkdY? udk,feHYaysmufaq;wkdY vdrf;vkdY zsef;

ukdif; . . . bkef;BuD;rsm; w,fvDaA;Sif;aum Munfhoihfovm;wJh/ 'gawmh ajym&cufom;uvm;/

bkef;BuD;qkdwm onfvkdyJAs/ vlawGvdk rdom;pkeJY 0dkif;zJGYpum;ajymwmrsdK;wkdY? rdwfaqGo*F[awGeJY

usefukefatmif aq;NyD;rS tajcmufcHxm;&w,f/ ajcmufoGm;awmhvnf; aiGpuLawGu wGefYwGefYvdyfvdyfjzpf

b,fjzpfrvJ/ 'grsdK;usawmh aiGudk udkifwG,f&awmhwmygyJ/ pdwfxJrSif;&if nusrS tmywfajz

onfae&mrSm wpfckowdxm;zkdYvkdw,f/ bkef;BuD;&[ef;rsm;udk Sdcdk;zdkY roifhawmfwJhtcgrsdK; Sdw,f

]]rdk;acgifwJhtcgrSmawmh rdk;Gmatmif ig;&HUrif;y&dwfGwf&wmSdw,f . . . rdk;rGmatmifawmh

rvm;? nHhrvm;? avrkd;rSefrvm;qkdwm wGufcsufay;&wmrsdK;/ olBuD;tkyfcsKyfyHk [efrus&if 0ifxdef;ay;&