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El CAPACITOR es un dispositivo que almacena
energa en un campo electrosttico, en forma de
carga elctrica.
Consiste en un par de placas conductoras
paralelas separadas por un dielctrico.
Cada una de estas placas tiene la capacidad de
adquirir una cierta cantidad de carga elctrica q.
Una de las placas se cargar con +q y la otra
con q ; es decir recibirn la misma cantidad de
energa elctrica en forma de carga, pero de
signos opuestos .
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CAPACITORES SHUNT
Este tipo de bancos son instalados junto a las cargas
consumidoras de potencia reactiva , incrementando la
capacidad de transmisin, reduce prdidas y mejora el
factor de potencia .
En lneas de altas tensiones se instalan bancos shunt de
potencias nominales.
TRANSFORMADOR
LINEA
CARGA
BANCO DE
CAPACITORES
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
Las fuentes de reactivos pueden ser ubicados en

sub - estaciones teniendo lmites de capacidad
favorables para el sistema.
Los CAPACITORES SHUNT ubicados en las lneas
de transmisin de energa, presentan las siguientes
ventajas :
. Incrementar la capacidad de transmisin.
. Reduce las perdidas de transmisin.
. Incrementa la capacidad de la lnea de
transmisin.
. Mejora el factor de potencia.
. Mejora el control de tensin.
. Mejora el rendimiento de las cargas.
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
CAPACITORES SERIE
Son bancos de condensadores que son instalados en serie a la
lnea de transmisin.
Diseados para ser utilizado en :
. Electrificaciones rurales.
. Lneas industriales.
TRANSFORMADOR
LINEA
CARGA
EQUIPO DE
PROTECCIN
Y CONTROL
DEL SISTEMA
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
LAS MEJORAS ECONMICAS

Son las siguientes:
. La inversin realizada es recuperada en un
mximo
de 24 meses ( usuario ).
. Cuenta con su propio centro de generacin de
energa reactiva ( concesionario )
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
LAS MEJORES TCNICAS

Son las las siguientes:
.
.
.
.
Reduce las variaciones de tensin.

Aumenta la capacidad de transmisin.
Mejora el factor de potencia.
Se soluciona muchos problemas en lneas areas
radiales fuertemente cargadas con variaciones de
tensin provocadas por cargas especiales o
variaciones rpidas de cargas.
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
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CAPACITORES FILTROS
Muchas de las cargas que se encuentran en los
sistemas de potencia generan armnicos ( hornos de
arcos ), tambin los equipos electrnicos generan este
tipo de disturbios que hacen incrementar los niveles de
perdidas en las lneas de transmisin, mquinas
rotativas y transforma-dores que estn conectados al
sistema.
LINEA
FILTRO
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
CARGA
+0
Los filtros conformados por circuitos:
. LC
. RLC
. Reducen los armnicos contenidos en la red.
. Tambin generan reactivos que son aprovechados
por
el propio sistema, mejorando el factor de potencia.
. Los equipos electrnicos modernos generan
amnicos
entre los que podemos mencionar los siguientes:
- Convertidores AC / DC ( usando SCR
controlados).
- Arrancadores de estado slido.
- Conversores estticos para alta frecuencia.
- En los sistemas SVC.
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
. Decrecen las prdidas en los motores elctricos,
transformadores y lneas de transmisin de
energa.
. Disminuye la utilizacin de bancos de
capacitores.
. No existen interferencia con los circuitos de
telefona.
. Corrige el dao producido por el mal
funcionamiento
de los equipos electrnicos.
. Mal funcionamiento de los rels instalados en
las
lneas de transmisin.
. Mejora la calidad de la energa elctrica
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
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CAPACITORES SVCs
En los STATIC VAR COMPESATOR ( SVC ) son
usados para abrir / cerrar y controlar los capacitores
y reactores.
Es obtenido un cambio instantneo en el control
variable de los reactivos. Este tipo de compensacin
incrementa la capacidad de compensacin
proporcionando un control de tensin y estabilidad
adecuados.
LINEA
CONDENSADORES
CARGA
TIRISTORES EN
ANTIPARALELOS
CONTROL
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
Son utilizados en sistemas interconectados y sistemas
de distribucin por el amortiguamiento de los niveles
de potencia debido a las fallas en el trabajo y fuertes y
difciles cargas ( hornos de arcos ) que producen
fluctuaciones asimtricas de las corrientes
ocasionadas debido a la composicin e inestabilidad
del arco elctrico.
VOLTIOS
Zth max
Zth min.
QC
QL
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CAPACITORES HVDC
Los bancos capacitores forman una parte muy
importante en los equipos de los sistemas de
transmisin de ALTO TENSIN EN CORRIENTE
CONTINUA ( HVDC ), filtrando y generando energa
reactiva que es proporcionada al sistema. Estos
sistema resultan rentables cuando se manejan grandes
paquetes de energa.
AC
LINEA
DC
CARGA
+9'&
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
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CONDENSADORES FIJOS EN SHUNT
PRIMERA OPCION:
LINEA DE 10 / 22.9 KV.
SECCIONADOR
FUSIBLE
CUT OUTS
FILTRO
BANCO DE
CAPACITORES
TRIFASICOS
POZO TIERRA
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0

SEGUNDA OPCION:
SECCIONADOR
FUSIBLE
NALF- CETEM
MANDO MANUAL
),/752
CONTIENE
FUSIBLE
INTERNO
BANCO DE
CAPACITORES
TRIFASICOS
POZO TIERRA
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
+0
TERCERA OPCION:
SECCIONADOR
FUSIBLE
NALF- CETEM
MANDO MANUAL
Wm
Wm
),/752
UNIDAD MOTORIZADA
CONTIENE
FUSIBLE
INTERNO
BANCO DE
CAPACITORES
TRIFASICOS
MANDO
POZO TIERRA
(6&8(/$'(,1*(1,(5,$(/(&75,&$
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CONDENSADORES SHUNT AUTOMATICOS

CUARTA OPCION:
TRAFOMIX
SECCIONADOR
FUSIBLE CUT OUTS
REGULADOR DE ENERGIA
REACTIVA
TRANSFORMADOR
22.9 /10 /.44KV
FUSIBLE NH
BAJA TENSIN
BANCO DE
CONDENSADORES
EN 440V 60HZ
POZO TIERRA
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CONDENSADORES AUTOMATICOS
QUINTA OPCION:
SECCIONADOR
FUSIBLE CUTOUTS
TRAFOMIX
v
i
REGULADOR DE ENERGIA
REACTIVA
SECCIONADORES
NALF O CETEM
MANDO
MOTORIZADO
FILTRO
CONTIENE FUSIBLES
INCORPORADOS
BANCO DE
CAPACITORES
TRIFASICOS POZO TIERRA
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Introduccion Compensacion Reactiva

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Introduccion Compensacion Reactiva

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