Objects lifted above

the ground have

gravitational potential
energy

A moving object
has kinetic energy
Need to know the
mass and the
velocity

Cars involved
in collisions
come to
sudden stop

Sudden changes in
momentum may
affect passengers

Seat belts,
crumple zones
and air bags
designed to
reduce impact

GPE =
weight x height

Kinetic energy =
x mass x velocity 2

Smaller the time to

stop, the larger the
force and more damage

Work is done by
forces moving
objects

Work done =
Force x distance

GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL
ENERGY

KINETIC
ENERGY

Examples of forces:
Gravity
Air resistance
Friction
Thrust
Upthrust

FORCES

Forces happen when

two things interact

Forces occur in pairs,

Forces
occur
equal
in size
andin pairs,
equal ininsize
and
opposite
direction
opposite in direction
Show forces using arrows

WORK
Forces in same direction add together,
opposite direction then subtract
Overall = resultant force

P4
WAVE MODEL

CALCULATING
SPEED

COLLISIONS

Speed tells you how far

an object travels in a
certain time

GRAPHS
MOMENTUM
Speed Time graphs

This is a measure
of motion

Velocity Time graphs

Momentum =
mass x velocity

Change in momentum =
Force x time

Shows the increase in

speed
Bigger the slope means
the faster the speed
is increasing

The slope of the time

graph measures the
speed of the object

To calculate speed we need

to know
The distance travelled
The time taken

Speed = distance
time
Steeper the slope,
greater the speed

S Bond