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BEHIND A JUICE

BOX
Abigail McQuillen

Introduction
A lot goes into the design and manufacturing of a juice box. Each
manufacturer has carefully calculated how big each side should be
to hold a certain amount of juice inside. In this project you will see
how different brands use Surface Area and Optimization for their
different Apple Juices.
When working with Surface Area and Volume we will be able to
compare the two to see which juice box is most efficient.
With Optimization we will continue the idea of which juice box is
most efficient by changing the shape of each box.

Surface Area
In order to show the difference
between each juice box we must
measure the dimensions
(length, width, height).

So in doing this we want to ask


ourselves the questions:

In doing this we can find out


which manufacture has the
largest Volume of juice and uses
the least amount of packaging
material (Surface Area).

If you had two juice boxes, both


with the same volume, but one
had more packaging than the
other, which would be better?
Why?

Background Information
Geometry

Is the study of how to use math to describe and investigate different point, lines and
shapes

Three-Dimensional Shapes

Also called solids, have three dimensions, height, length and width.
Ex. Rectangular Prism

A rectangular box, such as a juice box

Volume
The amount of space an object fills in a three-dimensional space
It tells you approximately how much a container, like a juice box can hold

Surface Area
The total amount of area on the outer surface of the object
It tells you approximately how much material was used to create the shape

Formulas
Were going to use formulas to discover approximately how much
juice each box can hold (Volume) and how much packaging (Surface
Area) was used.

Surface Area:
SA=2LH+2WH+2LW

Volume:
V=LWH

Procedure
Create a table to keep track of the data collected using labels such as

1.

a)

Price ($), Sugar (g), Stated Volume(oz.), Length (cm), Width (cm), Height (cm), Surface Area, Calculated Volume , Calculated Volume
(oz.)

Collect data for the first Juice Box. Price, Sugar and Stated Volume(usually listed in the front of the juice box near the bottom)

2.

Using a ruler, measure the Length, Width and Height of the juice box in centimeters

3.
4.

Calculate Surface Area with the measurements you just collected. Use the formula SA=2LH+2WH+2LW

5.

Calculate Volume with the measurements you just collected. Use the formula V=LWH

6.

Translate your Calculated Volume to ounces


a)

Using your computer, google then enter in your value in the delegated space, the output will be your Calculated Volume in ounces.
Enter that in your table

7.

Repeat steps 2-6 for the remaining juice boxes

8.

Create multiple graphs that will show the following listed below
a)
b)
c)
d)

9.

Price and Sugar


Average Price compared to Stated and Calculated Volume
Surface Area and Calculated Volume
Stated Volume compared to Calculated Volume

Using the graphs you just created answer the questions listed on the handout.

Results

(calculated results rounded to the nearest hundredth)

Price
at
Walma
rt ($)

Price at
Price
Choppe
r ($)

Suga
r (g)

Stated Lengt
Volum
h
e
(cm)
(fl oz.)

Width
(cm)

Heigh
t
(cm)

Surfa
ce
Area

Calculat
ed
Volume

Calculat
ed
Volume
(fl oz.)

Juicy Juice
100% Apple

$2.78

$3.29

22

6.75

4.8

3.8

12.1

244.60

220.70

7.46

Minute Maid
100% Apple

$1.77

$3.79

19

6.00

4.8

3.8

10.2

211.92

186.05

6.29

Apple & Eve


(Mini) 100%
Apple

$1.98

---

12

4.23

5.1

3.8

7.0

163.36

135.66

4.59

Apple & Eve


100% Apple

---

$3.29

18

6.75

4.8

3.8

10.8

222.24

196.99

6.66

Apple & Eve


Fruitables

$2.97

$3.29

13

6.75

5.1

3.8

10.8

231.00

209.30

7.08

Motts

---

$2.79

23

6.75

4.8

3.8

12.1

244.60

220.70

Motts for Tots

---

$2.79

12

6.75

4.8

3.8

12.1

244.60

220.70

7.46
7.46

Price and Sugar


Here we are analyzing if the price of the juice box has an effect on the amount of sugar there is
in the juice. When looking at the scatter plot of prices and sugar we see there is little to no
correlation. Just because you are getting the most expensive juice box doesnt mean youre
getting the juice box with the least amount of sugar. For a more clear relationship between price
and sugar we would
more Averag
data. Sug
PriceneePrice
$3.50
at
Walma
rt ($)

at
Price
Chopp
er ($)

e Price
($)

ar
(g)

Juicy Juice
100% Apple

JB1

$2.78

$3.29

$3.04

22

Minute Maid
100% Apple

JB2

$1.77

$3.79

$2.78

19

Apple & Eve


(Mini) 100%
Apple

JB3

$1.98

---

$1.98

12

Apple & Eve


100% Apple

JB4

---

$3.29

$3.29

18

Apple & Eve


Fruitables

JB5

$2.97

$3.29

$3.13

13

Motts

JB6

---

$2.79

$2.79

23

Motts for Tots

JB7

---

$2.79

$2.79

12

Average Price

$3.25
$3.00
$2.75
$2.50
$2.25
$2.00
$1.75
$1.50
$1.25
$1.00
$0.75
$0.50
$0.25
$10

12

14

16
Sugar (g)

18

20

22

24

Surface Area
compared to

Calculated Volume
On this slide we are comparing the Surface Areaof the juice box to the Volume . We get a good look at which

type of juice box uses the least amount of packaging material. We also get a good look at which juice box
gives us the most juice per box. Notice that the larger juice box has less Surface Area for each cubic
centimeter of volume than the smaller juice boxes. For any given geometric object (cubes, spheres,
etc.), smaller objects have a greater surface to volume ratio than larger objects of the same
Surfac Calculat
Surface Area
shape.
250
e Area

ed
Volume

Juicy Juice
100% Apple

JB1

244.60

220.70

Minute Maid
100% Apple

JB2

211.92

186.05

Apple & Eve


(Mini) 100%
Apple

JB3

163.36

135.66

Apple & Eve


100% Apple

JB4

222.24

196.99

Apple & Eve


Fruitables

JB5

231.00

209.30

Motts

JB6

244.60

220.70

Motts
Motts for
for Tots
Tots

JB7
JB7

244.60
244.60

220.70
220.70

to Calculated
Volume

200
150
Calculated Volume (^3)
100
50
0
150160170180190200210220230240250
Surface Area(^2)

Stated Volume vs. Calculated


Volume
Stated
Volum
e
(fl oz.)

Calculat
ed
Volume
(fl oz.)

Empty
Space
in Juice
Box
(oz.)

8.00
7.50
7.00

Juicy Juice
100% Apple

JB1

6.75

7.46

0.65

Minute Maid
100% Apple

JB2

6.00

6.29

0.40

fl oz. 6.00

Apple & Eve


(Mini) 100%
Apple

JB3

4.23

4.59

0.37

5.50

Apple & Eve


100% Apple

JB4

6.75

6.66

0.05

4.50

Apple & Eve


Fruitables

JB5

6.75

7.08

0.35

4.00
JB 1

Motts

JB6

6.75

7.46

0.65

Motts for Tots

JB7

6.75

7.46

0.65

6.50

5.00

JB 2

JB 3

Stated Volume (oz)

JB 4

JB 5

JB 6

JB 7

Calculated Volume (oz)

Here we are comparing the Stated Volume and the Calculated Volume. The Calculated Volume
is how much the juice box can hold and the Stated Volume is how much juice is actually is in
the box. We see that in one case that the Stated Volume is slightly more that then Calculated
Volume, meaning that the manufacture lied about the amount of juice in the box or there was
a mathematical error.

Optimization
This is when we change the shape
of the rectangular prism (the juice
box) so we can eliminate any
extra space, making the juice box
most efficient.
When studying the different juice
boxes we noticed all juice boxes
had the same width, most juice
boxes had the same length but
their height varied.

Things to Consider:
How can the manufacturer
minimize Surface Area keeping
Stated Volume the same?
Will there be a specific shape
that would be most efficient?
Before optimization which juice
box is most efficient? Why?

Procedure
To
calculate optimization were going to assume the manufacture will keep the same amount
of juice in each box. Because the amount of juice is going to remain consistent were going to
use Stated Volume. As stated previously Stated Volume tells us how much juice is in the box
where as Calculated Volume tells us how much juice the box could contain. We are also going
to use the found width of each juice box for it remains constant thought the whole study.
1.

Plug your found Stated Volume and Width of a juice box into your Volume formula and
solve for Height

2.

Plug your original Width and your found Height into the Surface Area formula. The only
variable you should have is your Length

3.

Simplify

4.

Once in simplest for take the derivative

5.

Set the derivative equal to zero and solve for Length

6.

Once you found your Length find your Height

Price
at
Walma
rt ($)
Juicy Juice
100% Apple

Juice
Box 1

$2.78

Price
State
at
d
Price
Volum
Choppe
e
r ($)
(fl oz.)
$3.29

6.75

State
d
Volum
e

Leng
th
(cm)

Widt
h
(cm)

199.6
4.8
3.8
2
V = LWH
199.62 = L(3.8)H
52.53 = LH
52.53/L = H

Heigh
t
(cm)

Surfa
ce
Area

Calculat
ed
Volume

Calculat
ed
Volume
(fl oz.)

12.1

244.60

220.70

7.46

SA = 2LW + 2WH + 2LH


= 2L(3.8) + 2(3.8)H + 2LH
= 2L(3.8) + 2(3.8)(52.53/L) +
2L(52.53/L)
=7.6L + 399.23/L + 105.06
=7.6L + 399.23 + 105.06
SA = 7.6 399.23/

SA = 7.6 399.23/
0 = 7.6 399.23/
-7.6 = 399.23/
7.6 = 399.23
= 52.53
L=7.25
V = LWH
199.62 = (7.25)
(3.8)H
199.62 = (27.55)H
7.25 = H

NEW Surface Area:


SA = 2LW + 2WH + 2LH
SA = 2(7.25)(3.8) + 2(3.8)(7.25) + 2(7.25)(7.25)
uice Box 4, 5, 6 and 7 all share the same data
SA = 55.1 + 55.1 + 105.13
SA =215.33

Price
at
Walma
rt ($)
Minute Maid
$1.77
100% Apple
V
= LWH
177.44 = L(3.8)H
46.69 = LH
46.69/L = H

Price
State
at
d
Price
Volum
Choppe
e
r ($)
(fl oz.)
$3.79

SA = 2LW + 2WH + 2LH


= 2L(3.8) + 2(3.8)H + 2LH
= 2L(3.8) + 2(3.8)(46.69/L) +
2L(46.69/L)
=7.6L + 354.84/L + 93.38
=7.6L + 354.84 + 93.38
SA = 7.6 354.84

State
d
Volum
e

Leng
th
(cm)

6.00

177.4
4.8
4
SA
= 7.6 354.84
0 = 7.6 354.84/
-7.6 = 354.84/
7.6 = 354.84
= 46.69
L=6.83
V = LWH
177.44 = (6.83)
(3.8)H
177.44 = (25.95)H
6.84 = H

NEW Surface Area:


SA = 2LW + 2WH + 2LH
SA = 2(6.83)(3.8) + 2(3.8)(6.84) + 2(6.83)(6.84)
SA = 51.91 + 51.98 + 93.43
SA =197.32

Widt
h
(cm)

Heigh
t
(cm)

Surfa
ce
Area

Calculat
ed
Volume

Calculat
ed
Volume
(fl oz.)

3.8

10.2

211.92

186.05

6.29

Juice Box
2

Price
at
Walma
rt ($)
Apple & Eve
(Mini) 100%
Apple

Juice
Box 3

$1.98

Price
State
at
d
Price
Volum
Choppe
e
r ($)
(fl oz.)
---

4.23

State
d
Volum
e

Leng
th
(cm)

Widt
h
(cm)

Heigh
t
(cm)

Surfa
ce
Area

Calculat
ed
Volume

Calculat
ed
Volume
(fl oz.)

125.0
1

5.1

3.8

7.0

163.36

135.66

4.59

V
= LWH
125.01 = L(3.8)H
32.90 = LH
32.90/L = H
SA = 2LW + 2WH + 2LH
= 2L(3.8) + 2(3.8)H + 2LH
= 2L(3.8) + 2(3.8)(32.90/L) +
2L(32.90/L)
=7.6L + 250.04/L + 65.8
=7.6L + 250.04 + 65.8
SA = 7.6 250.04

SA
= 7.6 250.04
0 = 7.6 250.04/
-7.6 = 250.04/
7.6 = 250.04
= 32.9
L = 5.74
V = LWH
125.01 = (5.74)
(3.8)H
125.01 = (21.81)H
5.73 = H

NEW Surface Area:


SA = 2LW + 2WH + 2LH
SA = 2(5.74)(3.8) + 2(3.8)(5.73) + 2(5.74)(5.73)
SA = 43.62 + 43.55 + 65.78
SA =152.95

Results
What did you notice happened to each juice box once optimized?
Once optimized the juice boxes shape changed to more of a cube.

Why do you think companies dont use those dimensions for their
juice boxes?
There are various reasons why companies dont use these dimensions,
some include but arent limited to marketing, convince of a child (the kid
being about to hold the juice box).

Is this new shape more efficient than your typical juice box? Why?
Yes the new shape is more efficient, going back to Surface Area, the
Surface Area to Volume ratio is now smaller thus making it more
efficient.

Citations
http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Math_p020.shtml?from=Home
http://www.instructables.com/id/Cheerio-Box-Optimization/
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/sabatil/by14/by14lab4/surfacearea.htm
https://
www.khanacademy.org/math/differential-calculus/derivative-applications/calc-optimization/v/optimizing-boxvolume-graphically
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-juice-box-geometry/

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