Signals Analysis

DTFS For Periodic Signals

Prof. Dr.

Mohamed Fathy
Magnitude in Volts

4
3
2
1
0

-1
-2
-3
-4
0

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Time m sec

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Contents
DTFS

Properties of DTFS
Examples

Chapter 3 Problems (Discrete part):

2, 9, 11, 14, 16, 27, 29, 32, 36, 37

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation

For a periodic signal
If x [n] = is periodic with period N
N1

x[n] =

k 0

ak e jk0n

Where, ak : FS coefficients
2
0 : Fundamental frequency =
N
That is x[n] is expressed as a sum of complex
exponentials with frequencies:
= k 0 ,

k =0,1,2,N-1

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation

For a periodic signal
FS frequencies : = k 0 ,

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k =0,1,2,N-1

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation

For a periodic signal
FS frequencies : = k 0 ,
Example: N=4

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2
0 =
N

k =0,1,2,N-1
= 0, /2, , 3/2

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation

For a periodic signal
if x [n] = is periodic with period N
N1

x[n] =

k 0

ak e jk0n

Where, ak : FS coefficients
2
0 : Fundamental frequency =

1
ak =
N

N-1

-j k 0 n
x[n]
e

k =0,1,2,N-1

n=0

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Proof
N1

x[n] =

k 0

x[n]
N-1

x[n] e

ak e

-jm0n =

N1

k 0

-j m 0 n

* e

jk0n

ak e j k0n e -jm0n
N1

k 0
N1

N1

N1

a
k

k 0

ak e

j k-m 0n

k 0

n=0

N-1

-jm0n

j (k m)0 n

n 0

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j k-m 0n

k 0

k m

k m

0

N
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Proof
N-1

-j k 0 n
x[n]
e
= N ak

n=0

ak =

1
N

N-1

-jk 0 n
x[n]
e

k =0,1,2,N-1

n=0

FS coefficients are periodic with N

x[n] =

k N

1
ak =
N

ak e jk 0

x[n] e -jk 0

n= N

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
x[n] and y[n] are periodic with period N

x[n] ak

y[n] bk

1-Linearity

C ak +D bk

C x[n] + D y[n]

C & D are arbitrary constants.

2) Time Shift

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x[n-n0 ] ak e
9

j k 0 n0

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
j M 0 n

x[n]

3) Frequency shift

4) Time Reversal

x[-n]

x[n] even

ak even

6) x[n] real

a-k

x[n] odd

x * [n]

5) Conjugate

a k M

a- k = a

ak odd

a-* k

*
k

7) x[n] real & even

ak real & even

8) x[n] real & odd

ak odd & pure imaginary

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Examples

***

2 n
Ex1) Find the DT FSC of x[n] =cos

Solution
x[n] is periodic with period N =

0 =

2 n
x[n] =cos

Note: x[n] is real & even ak are real & even

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Examples

***

Ex2) Find the DT FSC of

2 n
3 n
x[n] 1 cos

3
si
n

5
5

Solution

0 =

x[n] is periodic with period N =

x[n]

a0 =

a2 =

Note: x[n] is real

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a3 =

a-2 =

*
k

a- k = a
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

a3 =

Properties of DTFS
9) Parseval relation
x[n] is periodic with period N ak
Average power =

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1
x[n]

N n N

13

k=<N>

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

ak

Problem 3-11
Ex3) x[n] is a periodic real and even signal with
period N=10 has FS coefficients ak. a11=5 and
1 9
2

x[n]

50

10 n 0

Show than x[n]=A cos (Bn+C)

and specify numerical values of A,B and C.

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

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Solution

***

A= 10

B=
5

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C=0

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

[Ex4 ] Consider the DT square wave

1
x[n]=
0

-2 n 2
otherwise

that is period with period N. Find and sketch the

Fourier series coefficients of x[n] if
a) N=10
b) N =20

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

1
1
-jk0n
a) ak =
x[n] e

= 10
N n= <N>

x[n] e -jk0n

n= -4

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

***

Solution

1 2 j k 0
ak =
e
+ e j k 0 + 1 + e-j k 0 + e-2j k 0
10

= sum of GS with a=

r=

5k 0
sin

1
2

10
k 0
sin

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k=-5:4
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

0 =

N=

Assignment
Use Matlab to solve Example 4 with different
values of N (10, 20, 100 and 1000). Sketch the
signal x[n] and its discrete Fourier series
coefficients.

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example
***
x[n] is a DT periodic signal with even period N
and FSC ak . Find the FSC of :

N
b) x n +x n+
2

N
a) x n+
2

Solution
N
x n+ b k =
2

x n ak
bk =
bk
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ak

k even

ak

k odd
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example

***

N
N
b) y[n]=x n +x n+ is periodic with period
2
2
N
y n+ =
2

y[n]

bk

2 ak

k even

k odd

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= 2 a 2k

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example
b) x[n] is periodic with even period N

N
y[n]=x n +x n+ is periodic with period N
2
2
= 2/N

x[n] has N FSC ak

N
y[n] has FSC bk
2

0 = 4/N=2 0

1
-jk0n
ak =
x[n]
e

N n= <N>
2

N -jk20n
bk =
x[n]+x e

N n= <N/2>
2
2
2
N -jk20n
-jk20n
=
x[n] e
+
x n+ e

N n= <N/2>
N n= <N/2>
2
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

***

2 N-1
= x[n] e -j2k0n
N n= 0

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=2a 2k

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
x[n] and h[n] are periodic with period N

x n ak

h n bk

10) Periodic Convolution

y[n]=

r N

x[r] h[n r] ck N ak bk

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Proof
1
j k 0 n
ck
y[n] e

N nN
1

N n N

r N

r N

x[r] h[n r] e

j k 0 n

r N

1
j k 0 n
x[r]
h[n r] e

N n N
x[r] bk e

j k 0 r

bk

x[r]

j k 0 r
e

r N

N a k bk
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example
ck is the FSC of a periodic signal y[n]. If
5k
sin2

1
10

ck
10
k
sin2

10

Find y[n].

Solution

N k 0
sin 1

1
2

x[n] ak
N
k 0
sin

2
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N1 : no. of ones
N: period 0 = 2/N
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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

5k
sin

1
10

ck
10
2 k
sin

10

5k
N k 0
sin
sin 1

1
1
10
2

=
ak
10
k
N
k 0
sin
sin

1
0

0 =

N=

N1=

x[n] ak
c N a 2k
k

y[n] ck

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y[n]

x[r] x[n r]

r N

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
x[n] and y[n] are periodic with period N

x[n]

ak

h[n] bk

11) Multiplication
x[n] h[n]

r N

a r bk r

Refer to Table 3-2 page 221 in textbook

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Summary & Conclusions

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