SHEAR FLOW SUB Gi Boga gel) GIT IS te dash, Jlaaf Laake 5 Bp syny ade daly jie 9 Steel Plates j£ dle JSUL quoge ge LS 3S! gles YSU 5 + plead of spelen: Les w t\m Beam cross _section cross section t OF WS 4 Aaah, Shear force (Q) aule gf aes 8.UL Section asf are Aah, Jaa w t\m w t\m pana Doze FyM! GS Go yg Yul Shear stress.aus Shear force (Q) JI gull Gols Qiif Snear stress gulJI Shear stress J! yc shArea Jl gle Force Sling ghd Sliny 43% Shear stress JI Lils # GUI BgHI Ge Bye g2 ua (b) Qoa,ell ys Shear stress J) Gyo sic of gob se JD aH! Joh Sf Sy Bl Gow gf balm isles gle 38 Shear flow (T)Jk ode gaud » T=z-78 t\mConnection J) oda) ylias) Sgae GSedl Go PU pS of pelea iS Gb Se ~Piton GE capitis ~ ‘ch Yo Tx Pitch > gules bel @ I! || 1 Pitch wate] gH @ LEMS S sagt gall de ale B58 Gland I wulu del @ I @ | JD 850) om 9 (TI) oe be Le yo Wd t » Pitch JI Lagand Gl 5 rn P=Tx Pitch Where: P —® Pitch JS 5): gl yulad! do gle 353 Gul ail BEI Go GplS 4s Yo5ed salgll plana! gle Shear stress JI Gli # aula + YYY yy) Pitch guelaal Syie Gay LoLadl od yb jee 1 1 _ Force = __P Stress = Trea Tout nxaxemrAag (Gx Pitch ( Sot a made \ JWhere: Trott —-»> Shear stress on one bolt T —> Shear flow =x Ss To DP QS) Glo wopecdl pga Jgo moment of inertia J! S —» Statical moment of area GW elo fee Cg Jb ge UCI dey ) gd gusta! yu Rad Grade! je) Lo Lae 2 als JSS Pitch —P cyl) class os dah Gill y gules de SS Oy LoLadl 2 Ag—> a glassed! glade Lo Lice rn —> ool teh of wlll Gall Gd plod! sae Cross section J) 4 jlo! soc m —» Number of areas resisting shear stress pet ly gine Ideplo -+ J) => | dl Ss WP aye << As Zi L. Ly 2 Ge dylee ge 9 AS PLU! Job cle FgUl sags PLOW) le 3H) Glad Where: «pled Job 8 web so JS 898! oe 9 (TSI Oe PP AS pW gle 35 Ul By! P=Trl _ Force _ P _ Tt#l _ 7% Stress = oy aS oes See Area naxsizex L nasizex L NxXSIZE Where: q a Shear stress on weld wel T —> Shear flow = x Ss TP Ql ole wogecd! pgrdl Jg> moment of inertia J! S —-» Statical moment of area GUS lam pb y Cg SN ye UC.g SN dey) gd plaUl ju Mats raise! joj] nL » dS JSS size ——}> Thickness of weld pled) claw n —»> no. of welds in cross section cross section) gi SLL sac of Yew gf aoe QI SLL sac AT oT Ge pete Gy LeUExample: For the shown beam which have the shown cross section , it is required to find the maximum value of load ( w ) so that 1-— the maximum shear stress on bolts = 0.90 t/cm? 2- the maximum shear stress on weld = 0.70 t/cm? 3- the maximum shear stress on section = 0.85 t/cm? 4- the maximum comp. stress on section = 1.4 t/em® 5- the maximum tension stress on section = 1.2 t/cm*® using bolts with diameter 20 mm , pich of bolts = 30 cm and size of weld = 4 mm. Be20em7¥ 5 ES w t\m 1.2 |30em eH m——8m 1 2 -200m-7 Beam Section Normal stressesJl, gled +S) lad glad! Uli] ode GY -AQlal 4s Straining actions JI Glas Jak IU Shear stresses Jb 5 -maximum straining actions J) cwos Lbls » w t\m me #Qy = Bh = 8H = get few awk # Mx = awit = we =8wm.t fw re S.F.D = 4w ee BMD wi?Properties of area = 2622+ 2022+ 202+ 3001.2 = 168 Cm? ZA a Y ZA 40x 1+ 402334 52"35+ 36217 168 = 22.57 Cm Ip=[ (202 2°/12) + (40x 21.577) ] + [ (20x 2°/12) +( 40x 10.43") ] + [ (26x 2°/12) +( 52x 12.43*) ] +[ (1.2 2 30°/12) +( 36x 5.57") ] = 34857 Cm4 Y “I 4 A 200em7 1)For the maximum shear stress on bolts =0.90t\cm* __Tx Pitch Fx 200m > hot na madg SS 12.43 Q s 4w T= = 395577 (26x 2x 12.43) T= 0.074172 w 2 2 Aga EE = 2G) = 3.14 Cm? 22.57 n=2 m=1 _ 0.074172 wx 30 0.90= 221 £3.14 w=2.54t\m2)For the maximum shear stress on weld =0.70t\cm*? For the upper weld Fe 200em 7 2 Que To pm a —— aS ea nx size 12.48 49143 T--Fas 4 = Yo (26 2 2012.43 +20 x 2010.43) 34857 = 0.122w n=2 4-200em—H Size = 0.4mm 220.4 w=4.58t\m For the lower weld Fe 200m KY 2 t S TS 3 Queta = nx size ~—-4-—— Q 1.2 |30cem =——xzs v vw 21,57 ——— 2 (202 22%21.57) = 0.099w . - aas7 to 22 , n=2 #-200emH Size = 0.4mm 0.099w 0.70= 2.099w 220.4 w=5.65t\m3)For the maximum shear stress on section=0.85t\cm* C.gJl wre yare siol GYC.gJI we max. shear stress JI q-48 25 Fe 200m 7 2 =T* 5 8 gq. = 40 2002021.5741.2020.57010.285 | 9 34857 1.2 1.2 |80em = 0.85 t/Cré 22.57 =— 4 2 w=7.96 t\m 200m 4)For the maximum comp. stress on section=1.4t\Cm? fain hy + Be QW Normal stress J! Usles A My =0 &N=0Ngldwes f= tty GS Dole cues Sec.I\ gle deioy sic as) oliee lind JdoY pm! os Madl OI» Jaw Ih Tension Sty 5 gle Il Compression Sty f-- Te 4 om.t ~1.4— —-8w2100 73.43 “~ 34857 w=4.54t\m 5)For the maximum comp. stress on section=1.2t\Cm?2 = Mey . Ie? om.t Failures) 8 gl ga ls ¥w jdel dab 1.2—- 8w2x100 9957 34857 w=2.31t\m 31 t\mExample: For the shown beam which have the shown cross section , it is required to find the maximum value of load ( P ) so that 1- the maximum shear stress on section = 0.8 t/cem? 2- the maximum comp. stress on section = 1.4 t/em? 3- the maximum tension stress on section = 1.2 t/em*® ‘ TF 358 P P Lsocm +. 3m —= 38m = 3m ia 3.8 18om , 8 3, Beam Section then Find : 1 - the maximum pitch of bolts if the maximum shear stress on bolts = 0.7 t/em* & bolt diameter 22 mm 2 — the maximum size of weld if the maximum shear stress on weld = 0.60 t/cem? Straining actions #N=0 #Qy=Pt # Mx =8P mt # My =0 #Qx=0 # Mz =0Properties of area C 1 17.8 2 = 4021.8x2+ 8x2x4+ 3041.24 2 = 280 Cm? ee | 30cm & 180m & ia {bes FY HWL 4 Goll yrall 9 WAI yal Ugo Blas Section II Iie dpi! gi OY Cg J) Glas Wl p= [ (40x 1.89/12) +( 72% 17.97) ] + 4 [(8x2°/12) +( 16x 167) ] + 2[ (1.22 30°/ 12) ] = 67983 Cm*4 1)For the maximum shear stress on section=0.80t\cm* C.gJI are yare pivol GYC.g JI ake max. shear stress JI q-42, 5 I} eB loom y 8 9, _ P ap 40%1.B217.9 +8 x2e16x2+1.2 215 27.522 Cg 64983 221.2 = 0.80 t/Cr?2)For the maximum comp. stress on section=1.4t\Cm? 4, Ky - Me GW Normal stress JI Usles Jat Qe yt pie My =0 & N=ON showy f= tity GUIS Usted! erat Seed) gle doidy sre af olice Mind JdsY pall bs Med! GY 5 awh Tension Sary 9 gleyl Compression Sary ct *_3P -1.4=- 18.8 64983 soem x P=16 2 1.8 3- the maximum tension stress on section = 1.2 t/em? P =14.46t Failures) Gus Gl) ga lst P jsrof obFor bolts Tx Pitch ott ae mxAg t-Las I + -4L-_-L.. I30em 14.46 = Gyoa7 (40x 1.8x 17.9) T= 0.274127 t\Cm 1 Ss Bg 2 Agr Elt - BED _ 5.5.¢m: 4 n=2 m=1 0.70 = 0.274127 x Pitch Pitch = 19.4 Cm 38x22 x7 < : & OF due J8I FW Gr Pitch =19 Cm] ox Ailsa! Uul& more safe! gaeladl For Weld cS 2 M58 t Qwea~ "Rae size + - -. - 2 |30em t- Qs Tee Her.2 L 1 3 14.46 = Soar? (40x 1.8x 17.9) ! —_ ha T= 0.274127 t\Cm BtoB n=4 0.60= Garter Size =0.228Cm = 2.28 mm x Size OF dee 53) FU yb Size =3mm pla! claw 3445 more safeExample: For the shown beam which have the shown cross section find: 1- the maximum shear stress on bolts 2- the maximum shear stress on weld 3- the maximum shear stress on section 4- the maximum normal stress on section 2PL_300x20 6t 18t 2PL 250x16/ { { 4 t\m PL 400210 _pp 89m -—38m —-—__6m — weld size mm c = Bolts pitch 24 em 22 mm diameter Beam Section Properties of area 2PL 300x20 GSA jgrall gm Slee Section JI Iie a gliss y glu ; golylI 3 1 ; 2PL 250x16, Rati Gd OY Cg JI Glo WI aI pr 0024 0 236mm Ip=2[ (30x 2°/12) + (60x 22.6") ] (" 3 2 i +2 [ (25x 1.65/12) +( 40x 20.87) ] Bolts piteh 24 om + [ (12 40°/12) ] = 101293 Cm*4 ST bb 4 Shear force diagram II pus Maximum shear sles¥ of dus Zero shear I! gl& ao) Maximum moment JI sles¥ 4 Lad moment) Lay cuins 3 Zero shear J! sie 49%; Maximum moment JI ALE) ode sreY pS, CBall pe) pd Ctl ls o JI oye 2.5 _ 20.5 XY ~ Gx > X = 0.625 m 9% ALS! ode wre moment JI uss Zero sheard) Gls Vi,cu 4 ~maximum moment JI og» Max, = 21.5. 5.3875 6t 18t — 425.375 «5.375 / 2 = 57.78 mtStraining actions #0, = 2150 # Mx = 57.78 m.t 1)For the maximum shear stress on section q= 225 Cog) aie yoye ybol GY¥Cg JI aicmax. shear stressJl 2PL_300x20 2PL 250x16/ — 290 (n Bolts pitch 24 em 22 mm diameter = 21.5 30%2022.642521.6%20.8 +1.2 220%1"10 &9 101293 1 —_-__x PL 400x10 = 0.507 t/Cr? 9 = 507 kg/Cm? 2)For the maximum shear stress on bolts __ ‘x Pitch Spout miAg T= pe Ss 21.5 = She . = 0.288 ToTsgg Te (30x 2x 22.6) t t\Cm2PL_300x20 Age = RA _ game = 4 4 . n=2 m=1 2PL 250x16 Pitch = 24Cm = pr -aooto _ 0.288" 24 _ 2 = Vo FB am 2 aT ~ 9908 t/er 236 rm Tor = 908 kg /Cm? " Bolts pitch 24 om 22 mm diameter 3)For the maximum shear stress on weld t Qveta = nx size T--p2s = 216 5 (300 20 22.6 +252 1.6x 20.8) 701298 2PL 300x20 T= 0.464 t\Cm n=2 2PL 250x16, Size= 3mm Weg = CABL = 0.774 t/cr? 220.3 774 kg/Cm? Bolts pitch 24 em 22 mm diameter4)For the maximum normal stress on section Sh ol UY Bla Section JI gf dus Stresses JI 35 gle moment JI elas! 57.78 mt 2PL_ 300x%20 max. normal stress JI Glu UU 2PL_250%16/ gle of lie moment St aa e—-—- Mmax. = 57.78 mt eee M, “eF a+ Ty em.t = 57.782 100 23.6 — 1.346 t/Crré 101293 f=1346 kg/Cm? em.t = ~ 57.782 100 93 6 = — 1.346 t/Cré 101293 I= -1346 kg/Cm? Gly @l GS yp EUW! ala Wl glins Gyo Blas pil) GLE! ys - Ve moment »ST ule 8! 4 +Ve moment p51 gleExample: For the shown beam which have the shown cross section , it is required to find the maximum value of load ( w ) so that 1- the maximum shear stress on bolts ¥ 0.90 t\cm? 2- the maximum shear stress on weld ¥ 0.70 t\cm? 3- the maximum shear stress on section # 0.90 t\cm? 4- the maximum comp. stress on section ¥ 1.60 t\em2 5- the maximum tension stress on section # 1.40 t\cm2 using bolts with diameter 20 mm 25 2.5 FF 250m FY 7 AS y%5 1.6 4 250m Beam Section Then find the maximum pitch of bolts and the minimum size of weld so that: a-— The maximum shear stresses on bolts # 0.9 t\em? b- The maximum shear stresses on welds ¥ 0.5 t\cem?Properties of area 2.5 25 A =80x2+ 2521.6"2+ 40x1 om > = 180 Cm? : 7 h1-6 y-242 x | 1.0 |40em Pu S0R442 + 4084244 40021.6+ 4020.8 168 1 = 1.6 = 29,133 Cm one p= [ (802 25/12) + (60x 15.06") ] + [ (25x 1.6°/12) +( 40x 13.277) ] + [ (12 40°/12) + (402% 7.533") ] + [ (25a 1.69/12) +( 40x 28.33") ] = 60412 Cm Straining actions ost axb 4 Shear force diagram J! pes Maximum shearJ| sle,¥ of cus Zero shear J! Gl& ans Maximum moment JI sleyd 5 dad moment) ay5 uns pd Zero shear J| sie 498; Maximum moment JI ALES) ode wre w t\m 5.33w 2.67w 2.67 2.33 2w DW SOT OH 2.67m 2.67w 6-2 aMax. = 2.67w x 2.67 — 2.67w x 2.67/2 = 3.55w mt +Ve moment LU Xa5 ST Gu yas #Qy = .3swtt LU3 5 —Ve moment U ia5 551 y # Mx =2wmty (See.1) + Blade jab Bye! plLd GY = 3.55w mt (Se0.2) 1)For the maximum Tens. stress on section=1.4t\Cm# Sec. US y gle moment II paw i 25 25 ray f= Mey Comp. ale a Und gfolee c—pstt— Fs Zz omt whe . Tens. lale b ibd 1.4= 202x100 46 967 of 60412 70 [400m w = 26.32 t\m 29 25pm 2wUS 5 JdoY moment I! paw yd os i= Hy Tens. lagle a 4b5 of olice = 774 : jz emt ets cS a 1.4_ 3.55w2 100 g9 499°? ele b ALE » 6 60412 fe | 1.0 |40em w=8.165t\m 29.133 ! 1.6 A-25em Hy 2)For the maximum comp. stress on section=1.6t\Cm2 Sec.1 ts - M, Ae 6g FF L- i I Yomt 1.6 = —2wx100_ 99133 60412 w= 16.58 t\m Sec.2 f= ° i Vom 1.6= 3.55wx 100 76 967 60412 w= 16.92t\m3)For the maximum shear stress on section=0.90t\cm* C.gJ) ake yore gto! GYC.g J) we max. shear stress JI -4,5 t I= ee _ 3.33w ap 25%1.6% 28.334 27.53% 1213.76 cs GOat2 7 = 0.90 t/Cr? w = 10.875 t\m Failure!) aus gl ge Ww jaof ob w =8.165 t\m Q =2.33x2w = 27.217¢For bolts __ Tx Pitch ott ae maiAg _9 T= S 5 _ 27.217 ~ 60412 T= 0.40726 t\Cm J _md’?__% (2)* 4e=" 4G = n=2 m=1 You= 9.9 t \ Cm? 0.90= tore 6 a Fitch Pitch = 13.87 Cm e x x OF due J8I FW Gr Pitch = 73 Cm| o# tll Yul more safe) gue! x (30x 2x 15.066) ey «250m 4 = 3.14Cm? For upper weld 25 265 AE B50m Y Vea ae size a E's T= + xs = 27217 Eo |4o0m =a (802 2015.06+25:21.6213.27)) T= 0.646 t\Cm | he Nn =2 Gy= 0.5 t\Cm? 250m 4 0.50= 2S Size = 0.646 Cm = 6.46 mm x Size OF due pS8l EW yd Size =7mm pl) clas s43 more safediFor lower weld =-_ c wera nx size IE 2 1.6 Q ee | T= z= Ss | 1.0 |40cem _ 27.217 133 = Borie x (25x 1.6 x 28.33 ) | 16 T= 0.510 t\Cm ” ekbema RN =2 Qieg= 0.5 t\Cm? 0.50= 2310 Size =0.51 Cm=5.1 mm x Size OF Sys 89) AU Clb Size =6mm pli claw 843 more safelExample: For the shown beam which have the shown cross section , it is required to find the maximum value of load ( w ) so that 1- the maximum shear stress on section $ 0.85 t\cm? 2- the maximum comp. stress on section $ 1.60 t\cm? 3- the maximum tension stress on section }# 1.30 t\cm? using bolts with diameter 20 mm Then find the maximum pitch of bolts and the minimum size of weld so that: a- The maximum shear stresses on bolts $ 0.9 t\em b- The maximum shear stresses on welds } 0.7 t\cem c— The maximum bearing stresses on bolts $ 2.2 t\em *— 30em—Y *—30em—_ The=2.65 Beam Section a £100x100x10 A=15.6 cm? Ix=Iy=98 cm*Properties of area = 30244 4021.24+15.6224+3026 = 379.2 Cm? ZA xY ZA 3024224 1.22402 24+ 3026247 +15.622x(44 -2.65) 379.2 sl Y= = 29.38 Cm >— 30em—Y Ip= [ (30x 49/12) +( 120 x (29.38-2)*) ] +[ (1.22 40°/12) +(48 x(29.38-—24)*) ] +2[ (98) +15.6 (41.35 — 29.38)" ] +[(30%6°/12) + (180x(47-29.38)*] = 160619Cm* Straining actions #Qy = ewtt # Mx = 18wmty w t\m1)For the maximum Comp. stress on section=1.6t\Cm? £- Te Yom 1.6= 18wx100_ 99 3g 160619 w = 4.859 t\m 2)For the maximum Tens. stress on section=1.3t\Cm2 fais ° Ie Yomt 160619 w = 6.32 \m 3)For the maximum shear stress on section=0.86t\cm* C.gJ) aie Yoze ginal GYC.g J) sic max. shear stress JI 4—300em—4 -4,5 I-23gq. = SW __ 4 30%4%27.38 +1.2225.38 £25.38/2 &9 160619 1.2 = 0.86 t/Cr? w=7.43t\m Failure) Gu3 gl yo ls w jbo! ab w = 4.859 t\m Q =6xw = 29.459 t For bolts group (A) Aa 30em 7 on Ss, For Shear stresses 2 Tx Pitch Yo a miAg T--p2s _ 29.459 ~ 160619 T = 0.575 t\Cm 2 2) SES? Aga Ee = BEY = 3.14Cm?2 “Ne x (30x 6x 17.62) 4A— 300em—y n=2 m=1 Sour 9-9 t\Cm* 0.90= 25252 Pitch Pitch = 9.82 Cm 3.142 2 x1 Pitch .., . Se SETS GU juluall gle Shear stresses II UL. gi BUI Goyal gd Luo USS joludl gle Bearing stressesJ| UL 4d LI P 1 a Pitch Seung “a Daltmin, ay) adtninFor Bearing stresses ___Tx Pitch bearing nx pbx Stmin. Qe SA 29.459 =x S= 29459 5 ( 30x 6x 17.62 T= S= Fagg 7gt (30% bx ) T= 0.575 t\Cm 3x2=6cem Ztmin. < Oem =S p=2Cm n=2 Gearing = 2.2 t\Cm* 2.2 = 2575x Pitch Pitch = 15.25 Cm 2x22 x17 Bearing stresses J\ 5 Shear stresses J\ gi yoy ys Qui PitchII ob Ox Vlad! Yul more safell GY .oW lay y GadIl GH JS BL Gf Pitch = 9.82 Cm Pitch=9Cm + gpalenall For bolts group (B) en 2 2 For Shear stresses _ groupB\ __ Tx Pitch hot na madg t--Pes 2.2 1.2 se x(80x6x1 7.62+2015.6x(1 4.62- 2.65) ° 29,38 T= 0.65t\Cm 2 2 Ag= Ee = Gy = 3.14Cm? 3 A— 300em—Hn=1 m=2 Go 9-9 t \Cm? — 0.65 x Pitch Pitch = 8. C 0.90 Zee al ‘ite: 8.78 Cm For Bearing stresses ___Ux Pitch bearing nx DX Etmin. T= px Staple pac Lal gad Lbs Shear Stress II yi LS 29.459 160619 T= 0.65 t\Cm 2x1=2cm Zl min. jl n=1 searing = 22 t\Cm? _ 0.65 x Pitch A = 2.2 = sa Pitch = 8.2 Cm 2(30x6x17.62+2215.62(14.62- 2.65)) p= 2Cm Pitch = 8CmFor bolts group (C SOcm For Shear stresses __Tx Pitch bolt g amxAg T= > Ss _ 29.459 “160619 T= 0.309 t\Cm 2 Ag= Ee = ae = 3.14Cm? n=2 m= Uo 9-9 t\Cm? 0.90 = 2-309 Pitch Pitch = 18.29 Cm 3.1422 x1 For Bearing stresses __ Tx Pitch bearing & PD © Ekimin T-—Pes 29.459 160619 T =0.309 t\Cm ————— x2 “Ce —. Bp=2Cm 2(30x2x28.38) 2 groupC ~~~~~~~ ~ | ) \ pamnZ Lalan pac (Seal Gad LLG Shear Stress JI gi LS 2(30x2228.38) “hearas = =2.2¢\Cm? 2.2 = Spee Pitch Pitch = 56.93 Cm Pitch = 18CmFor lower weld wera = nx size T--pxs 29.459 - 760619" T= 0.596 t\Cm n=2 Qiiyg= 0.7 t\Cm? _ 0.596 0.7 = 2 x Size Size =0.42 Cm=4.2 mm (30 24 x 27.38) Size =5mm 4— 30em—4 Nw 1%, 4— 30em—4* OF due STI EW yd pl! elas s5l3 more safedl