ETHOS: In his previous speech, Clinton tried to protect his family as much as possible that he seemed like he considers

his wife and his

daughter as his possession. However I this speech, Clinton intentionally addressed Hilary to show how he cares about Hilarys effort and
emotion, and how he considers Hilary as someone very influential, someone that the America knows and not just the title of his wife. By
referring to his wife, the person who is supposed to decide whether Bill Clinton should be forgiven, Clinton uses ethos which indirectly
conveys that his honesty and sincere apology is credible that even Hilary has forgave him.

Thank
you very much, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the White
ETHOS ->PATHOS:
House and to this day to which Hilary and the vice president and I
referring
his poor
vision,
Clinton
lookBy
forward
sotomuch
every
year.

stresses his weakness or imperfection

which helps him to put himself in position
as equal as ordinary American citizen and
Thismakes
is always
an as
important
dayAmerican
for our country, for the reasons that
himself
the average
the vice
said.
unusual
man.president
By showing
that Itheisisan
very
honest and,
and I think, unusually
important
day today.
I may he
notbuilds
be quite
as ordinary
as the public,
up as easy with my words today
as in
heyears
encourages
audiences
as I credibility
have been
past, and
I was to
up rather late last night
believe
him and
and listen
to his
sincere
thinking
about
praying
about
what I ought to say today. And rather
apology,
thus Iethos
is established.
unusual
for me,
actually
tried to write it down. So if you will forgive

me, On
I will
my hand,
best to
say
what
it is I want to say to you - and I may
thedo
other
this
also
allows
haveaudiences
to take my
glasses
out
to
read
my own writing.
to sympathize and empathize
with Clinton, creating a strong emotional
bond between Clinton and themselves. As
such an emotional bond is formed,
First, I want to say to all of you that, as you might imagine, I have
audiences will be consider more about
beenClintons
on quite
a journey
few weeks to get to the end of this,
situation
and these
thus belast
persuaded
to the
rock
bottom truth of where I am and where we all are.
more
easily.

I agree with those who have said that in my first statement after I
testified I was not contrite enough. I don't think there is a fancy way to
say that I have sinned.

It is important to me that everybody who has been hurt know that the
ETHOS:
sorrow
I feel is genuine: first and most important, my family; also my
friends,
my repented
staff, my Cabinet,
and her family, and
I have
shows thatMonica
Clinton Lewinsky
is no
the American
people.
I have
asked yet
all for
their forgiveness.
longer trying
hide his
wrongdoing
he will
face it and try his best to fix it. This gives
himself a sense of credibility which helps to
create ethos.

But I believe that to be forgiven, more than sorrow is required - at

leastAlso,
two more
First, genuine
Clintonthings.
uses allusion
and the repentance - a determination to
change
and toofrepair
breaches
of my own making. I have repented.
language
the clergy
in his audience,
building
hismy
credibility
with a
them.
Moreover,
Second,
what
bible calls
''broken
spirit''; an understanding that I
to the help
bible to
is also
used
to portray
mustallusion
have God's
be the
person
that I want to be; a willingness
himself
as a forgiveness
religious manI who
have
sinned
to give
the very
seek;
a renunciation
of the pride and the
asking for forgiveness, touching the
angerand
which
cloud judgment, lead people to excuse and compare and
audiences who are mostly Christian.
to blame and complain.
PATHOS (allusion):
allusion
to mean
the bible
alsoand
used
Now,Moreover,
what does
all this
forisme
for us? First, I will instruct
to
portray
himself
as
a
religious
man
who
my lawyers to mount a vigorous defense, using all available
have sinned and asking for forgiveness,
appropriate arguments. But legal language must not obscure the fact
touching the audiences who are mostly
that IChristian.
have done
I will
on the path of
Thiswrong.
is very Second,
effective as
not continue
only a
repentance,
seeking
pastoral
support
and
that
of
other caring people
pathos appeal, but also because the Bible is
so that
they
can
hold
me
accountable
for
my
own
commitment.
used as a representation of forgiveness of
sins.

Third, I will intensify my efforts to lead our country and the world
toward peace and freedom, prosperity and harmony, in the hope that
with a broken spirit and a still strong heart I can be used for greater
good, for we have many blessings and many challenges and so much

PATHOS (repetition of powerful words):

The repetition of powerful words such
asgenuine grateful sorrow and
forgiveness uses pathos by making
audience console with him and feel his

work to do.

In this, I ask for your prayers and for your help in healing our nation.
And though
I cannot
move
or forget
this -and
indeed,
must
LOGOS:Clinton
uses
sequence
by beyond
saying "first",
"second",
"thirdI in
both paragrpahs to provide a clear logic of what he
always
keep
it as a caution
in my sequence,
life - it is very
important
that ourwhich the lack of conjunctions between
will do
to fix his
problem.On
contrastlight
to regular
Clinton
uses Asyndeton
nation move
forward.
his coordinate
phrases.
This technique helps him to tie different ideas and provide a clear reason for audiences to believe
that Clinton is determined to make everything right.

I am very grateful for the many, many people - clergy and ordinary
citizens alike - who have written me with wise counsel. I am
profoundly grateful for the support of so many Americans who
somehow through it all seem to still know that I care about them a
great deal, that I care about their problems and their dreams. I am
grateful for those who have stood by me and who say that in this case
and many others, the bounds of privacy have been excessively and
unwisely invaded. That may be. Nevertheless, in this case, it may be
a blessing, because I still sinned. And if my repentance is genuine
andPATHOS
sustained, and if I can maintain both a broken spirit and a strong
heart, then good can come of this for our country as well as for me
Uses direct address by talking directly to the
andchildren
my family.
(Applause)
this is effective because it was
sincere the way he directed his own attention
to certain people and not just a nation as a
Thisof
rhetorical
devicecan
waslearn
powerful
Thewhole.
children
this country
in a profound way that integrity
because
it
contained
pathos
that
could
touch
is important and selfishness is wrong, but
God can change us and
someone individually.

make us strong at the broken places. I want to embody those lessons

for Little
the children
of this country
for that
little boy in Florida who came
boy in Florida
Clinton -uses
anecdote
up when
to mehe
and
saidtothat
hefrom
wanted
to grow
refers
a boy
Florida.
By up and be President and to
that he
will be
his bestof
to all
be the
a children in America to be
be stressing
just like me.
I want
thetryparents
good
example
for
American
children,
he
able to say that to their children.

appeals his determination and responsibility

to audiences, touching them with his sincere
promise.This is powerful because he
A couple
of days
ago
I wasspecific
in Florida a Jewish friend of mine
contained
pathos
thatwhen
can touch
gave
me thissuch
liturgy
called
''Gates of Repentance.'' And there
audiences
as book
parents
with children
the nation
as a whole.
wasrather
this than
incredible
passage
from the Yom Kippur liturgy. I would like to

read it to you:
ETHOS:

''Now
is the timeGates
for turning.
The leaves
By mentioning
of Repentance,
heare beginning to turn from
green
to red
to orange.
The birds
beginning to turn and are
alludes
to the
Jewish religious
text,are
which
heading
once
towardhow
the religious
south. The
animals are beginning to
helps him
to more
reemphasize
he is,
and
speech
reliable,
credible
turn
to makes
storinghis
their
foodmore
for the
winter.
For leaves, birds and animals,
and trustable.
turning
comes instinctively. But for us, turning does not come so
easily. It takes an act of will for us to make a turn. It means breaking
old habits. It means admitting that we have been wrong, and this is
never easy. It means losing face. It means starting all over again. And
this is always painful. It means saying I am sorry. It means
recognizing that we have the ability to change. These things are
terribly hard to do. But unless we turn, we will be trapped forever in
yesterday's ways. Lord help us to turn, from callousness to sensitivity,
from hostility to love, from pettiness to purpose, from envy to
contentment, from carelessness to discipline, from fear to faith. Turn
us around, O Lord, and bring us back toward you. Revive our lives as

INFLUENCE ON AUDIENCES:
Clinton shows humility, which would appeal
to the clergy gathered at the White House
and to the general American.

at the beginning, and turn us toward each other, Lord, for in isolation
there is no life.''
PATHOS

I thank my friend for that. I thank you for being here. I ask you to
Again
lack of me and know my heart, try me
share
myClinton
prayeruses
thatAsyndeton,
God will search
conjunctions,
to
convey
how
sorrowful,
and know my anxious thoughts, see if there is any hurtfulness in me,
anxious
he is,
and how I ask that God give me a
andremorseful
lead me and
toward
the life
everlasting.
desperate he is to be forgiven by god as well
clean heart, let me walk by faith and not sight.

as American citizen. He constantly refers

himself to religious man by saying I ask that
God will give me a clean heart to further
appeal
the clergy
well to
as love
Christian
I ask
oncetoagain
to beasable
my neighbor - all my neighbors - as
myaudiences.
self, to be an instrument of God's peace; to let the words of my

mouth and the meditations of my heart and, in the end, the work of my
hands, be pleasing. This is what I wanted to say to you today.

Thank you. God bless you.

President Bill Clinton - September 11, 1998

REFERRING TEXT:
LINKS:
http://victoriaengh.weebly.com/1/post/2013/09/logos-pathos-andethos-in-president-bill-clintons-speech-i-have-sinned.html
https://sites.google.com/site/eng102jz/project-2
http://tomich11ap.blogspot.com/2011/11/speeches-on-clintonlewinskyscandal.html http://mollyhedrick.blogspot.com/2013/10/jfk-i-havesinned-analysis.html
In the Prayer Breakfast Speech Clinton starts of thanking everyone
for coming. He says show much Hilary, the vice president, and
himself look forward to this breakfast every year. In the previous
speech he says his wife and his daughter as if he has possession
over them which goes along with the true purpose of telling everyone
to stay out of his business. In the Prayer Breakfast Speech he uses
Hilary's name to make her out to be a real person that he cares
about, the person that America knows and not just the title of his wife.
In this speech there is also a lot of repetition starting from the second
paragraph on. He uses the words unusual, grateful, beginning to turn,
etc, over and over again to prove his point (parallel structure). At one
point in this speech he says that he is sorry. He even admits to his
wrongdoing.
This speech is much more effective than Clinton's original address to
America. In his first one he confessed to his wrongdoing but tried to
change the subject to the invasion of privacy and the fact that their

were real problems to solve. In the second speech Clinton admits to

feeling sorrow and talks about how he looks to repair himself and his
family life. He comes across as a typical American. He's a man who's
made a mistake and looks to restore his life through the help of those
close to him and the love of God. He can't help (probably out of pride)
to make a few comments of others wrongdoings. "First, I will instruct
my lawyers to mount a vigorous defense, using all available and
appropriate arguments" "...the bounds of privacy have been
excessively and unwisely invaded." For the most part he comes
across as a broken man trying to heal past wounds and this
overshadows those other comments. His reference to the boy in
Florida and the passage from Yom Kippur appeal to people's
sensitivity for children and religion respectively. He draws applause
and ends on the simple note of "Thank you. God Bless you." It is
genuine and all that is necessary.

The repetition of words such as grateful, forgiveness, genuine, truth,

and broken spirit makes the audience console with him and
understand where he is coming from. He does this by asking for and
eventually obtaining their forgiveness, displaying his thankfulness,
and explaining how he plans to change and move on to new things.
He commonly refers to religion and comes off as a genuine person
and a religions man who has sinned.

This was a great example of how President Clinton ties many ideas
into the same sentence with the lack of conjunctions between his
coordinate phrases.

In his speech, he uses allusion to the Bible. He does this as not only a
pathos appeal, but the Bible is used as a representation of the
forgiveness of sins. Clinton asks for the forgiveness of the citizens of
the United States and he says that without forgiveness it would not be
possible to move on. Allusion in this speech helps the audience relate
to what he is saying and better grasp the concept of what he is asking
of them.

Ladies and gentlemen, I'd planned to speak to you tonight to report on

the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to
change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering.
ETHOS

He not only mentions himself, but also his

wife Nancy to bring the speech on a more
Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle
personal basis. He stresses that he is feeling
Challenger. We know
we share this pain with all of the people of our
extremely sorrowful and painful at this
country. This is trulytragedy,
a national
loss.
making
himself sound credible and

Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a

terrible accident on the ground. But we've never lost an astronaut in
flight; we've never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps we've
forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle; but they, the
Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them
and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith,
Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory
ETHOS
Jarvis,
and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation
together.
Just as Clinton did, Reagan established
credibility (ethos) by stressing his inability to
fully comprehend how much pain and sorrow
the
familiesof
ofthe
seven
feel. we cannot bear, as you do, the full
Forwill
the
families
seven,

impact
of this
tragedy.
Butthat
we he
feelis the
loss,
But then
he also
conveys
trying
to and we're thinking about
youput
sohimself
very much.
Your loved
were
at the same
level asones
family
to daring and brave, and they
had
thatthat
special
grace, that
special
spirit as
that says, "Give me a
show
his sympathy
is just
as heartfelt
the family
of the
seven.it with joy." They had a hunger to explore the
challenge
and
I'll meet
universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did.
They served all of us.
PATHOS
Reagan uses the technique Direct address

We've
grown
wonders
in his
this century. It's hard to dazzle us.
by using
theused
word to
you
to show
Butveneration
for 25 years
the
United
States
spaceHeprogram has been doing just
towards challengers bravery.
that.
We've
grown
used to the
idea
space, and perhaps we forget
also
involves
all American
citizen
by of
saying
thatthey
we've
served
onlyalljust
of us
begun.
in order
We're
to indicate
still pioneers. They, the members of
it is our responbility
to pioneers.
remember them,
thethat
Challenger
crew, were
honor them and commenmorate them.

we are pioneers also uses parallelism

place emphasis on how brave and noble
were the astronauts

PATHOS
Reagan constantly addresses we in order to
involve everybody in the nation to this
tragedy, evoking strong emotion of sorrow
from them as a way to unify the nation and
stress the importance of honoring astronauts
sacrifice.

And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who

were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's takeoff. I know it is
hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's
all PATHOS
part of the
process
of exploration and discovery. It's all part of
AND
LOGOS
taking a chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't
He directly
on persuading
belong
to thefocuses
fainthearted;
it belongs to the brave. The Challenger
schoolchildren
of
American
never and
stop we'll continue to follow them.
crew was pulling us into thetofuture,
challenging. This is very similar to Clinton
when he talked about a little boy from
Florida. This is very effective because
thefaith
future
country
sofor our space program, and
I'vechildren
alwaysrepresent
had great
in of
and
respect
by happened
talking directly
at children,
Reagantoisdiminish it. We don't hide our
what
today
does nothing
also program.
appealing We
to the
whole
country
and and cover things up. We do it
space
don't
keep
secrets
that
such tragedy
all establishing
up front andthe
in logos
public.
That's
the way freedom is, and we wouldn't
shouldn't stop us from challenging.

change it for a minute.

LOGOS- REPETITON OF WE OURS

By ETHOS
repeating we or us or our, Reagan uses direct address which further creates a sense of unity in audiences,
persuading them that challenges like the space program is for the nationals good, and for our own good, which provides
We'llShows
continue our
quest
in
space. There
will be more shuttle flights
Reagan
devoted
audienceshow
reasons
whyiswe
should to
allreaffirming
feel a sense of responsibility and be inspired to continue exploring the space.
and America's
more shuttle
crews
and,
yes,
more
volunteers,
more civilians,
commitment to continue on with
morethe
teachers
in
space.
Nothing
ends
here;
our
hopes
and our
Space Program. In this manner, Reagan
journeys
continue.
uses ethos
to make us feel the astronauts did
not die in vain.

I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who
works for NASA or who worked on this mission and tell them: "Your
dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for
decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it."
LOGOS:

The history that Drake who is still admired

for his bravery and professionalism died on
There's
a coincidence today. On this day 390 years ago, the great
same day as the astronauts gives evidence
explorer
Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama.
that continuous challenges and discoveries
In his
lifetime
thefor
great
frontiers were the oceans, and an historian
are significant
the countrys
laterdevelopment.
said, "He lived
by
the
sea,
died ontoit, and was buried in it." Well,
And it allows
audiences
today
weout
candeductive
say of the
Challenger
crew:isTheir dedication was, like
carry
reasoning
if Drake
remembered
with great honor for what he
Drake's,
complete.
have done 390 years ago, so will the
passengers of the Challenger.

TheMetaphor:
crew of the
space
shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner
sailor
-> astronauts
in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last
Sea -> space
time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey
and waved goodbye and "slipped the surly bonds of earth" to "touch
the face of God."

devoted to reaffirming America's commitment to continue on with the

Space Program. In this manner, Reagan uses ethos to make us feel
the astronauts did not die in vain.