Define Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics is the field of study in which the fundamental

principles of general mechanics are applied to fluids (liquids or gases). These
principles are those of the conservation of matter, the conservation of
energy and Newtons laws of motion. In extending the study to compressible
fluids, it is also needed to consider the laws of thermodynamics. By the use
of these principles, we are not only able to explain observed phenomena, but
also to predict the behavior of fluids under specified conditions.
Fluid Mechanics deals with these aspects of fluids:
Fluid statics study of fluids at rest.
Fluid Kinematics study of fluids in motion where pressure forces are not
considered.
Fluid Dynamics study of fluids in motion where pressure forces are
considered.
Define Hydraulics
Hydraulics is the branch of science and technology concerned with the
conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of
mechanical force or control.
Types of Fluids
1. Ideal Fluid is an imaginary fluid which is incompressible and has no
viscosity.
2. Real Fluid is a fluid which possesses viscosity. In actual practice, all
the fluids are real fluids.
3. Newtonian Fluid is a real fluid, in which the shear stress is directly
proportional to the rate of shear strain (or velocity gradient).
4. Non-Newtonian Fluid a real fluid, in which the shear stress is not
proportional to the rate of shear strain (or velocity gradient).
5. Ideal Plastic Fluid a fluid in which shear stress is more than the yield
value and shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear strain (or
velocity gradient).