CCH PHN BIT CC LOI G TRONG NI THT

G T NHIN
Hu ht cc loi g t nhin u c mt tnh cht c th coi n l mt nhc im nh co gin, cong vnh, ty
tng loi g s c co gin, cong vnh khc nhau, v vy c th s dng hiu qu cht liu g t nhin chng
ta phi hiu r cc thuc tnh ca tng loi g.
G c 3 c im ch yu:
1.

Do dai

2.

Gin n

3.

Lin kt chc chn

Trong th cy, tom g bao gi cng kt hp nc vi x thn. Vic x l g bao gm 2 cng on ch yu l phi
thot hi nc trong than cy v tm sy, trong 2 cng on ny th cng on tm sy l quan trng v cn thit
nht, n lm cho cc th g n nh, lin kt vi nhau to nn th ging. Khi tm sy tnh cht sinh hc ca g thay
i, g s tr ln do dai, chc, c th chu c s va p, un nn trong vic to hnh.
Vt liu g lun gn kt vi kin trc v ni tht ngay t ban u. iu d nhn thy nht v u im ca g l tnh
thm m m c th l v p .Mt sn phm g t nhin c cu to bi nhng si g. Tom g hnh thnh do
gia si g c l rng v chnh tom g ny s nh hng trc tip ti yu t quan trng nht l n nh ca g
D bin th nhng g li mang nhng c tnh mi, th hin th mnh v im yu ca cht liu. i khi n mang
u im a kh hu nhit i m, c li th b mt t nhin, c kh nng ng dng hon ho trong cc chc nng
s dng. V c bit g t nhin li mang gi tr thm m, hp vi vn ha v quan nim ca ngi Vit Nam xa
nay. Nhng khng phi u im no cng cho hiu qu s dng tt. Da vo c tnh ca g, ngi ta c th la
chn dng cho tng bi cnh ph hp.
Vit Nam, iu kin kh hu nng m, hanh kh nn kh nng co gin ca g thng xy ra. N c th b nt,
mi mt, cong vnh hoc mc nt theo thi gian. Bi vy, vic bo v v gn gi c nhng sn phm g l cng
vic khng n gin. Vic gia cng khng tt s lm phn tc dng ca g. Khi g bc l nhng nhc im nh
nhy cm vi thi tit, bin dng, cong vnh, co ngt hay nt n... th cch khc phc l gia cng tt, la chn
khng gian s dng ph hp vi tnh cht ca g.
Thc t cho thy, g khng kn mu sc ca khng gian. G c th kt hp vi mi cht liu t th sn, gai gc,
n bng nhn. c bit, khi ng dng trong iu kin i hi s linh hot, g sn sng tn ti trong nhng khng
gian c nhiu kiu hnh khi v phong cch khc nhau, c hin i v truyn th
Do vt liu g s dng tng i d trong nh nn phi tnh n liu lng. C nhiu trng hp lm dng qu
nhiu v g lm sn, p trn tng, p kn c trn dn ti bc b v mu sc hoc dng vn g mt cch ba bi
gy cm gic kh chu.

iu cn thit khi s dng l bit cn nhc t l gia gch, st, hoa, hay thm vi, tng ng vi din tch
g trong mt khng gian kin trc. bo qun tt g, cn trnh mi trng thi tit qu khc nghit, khng th
g thng xuyn ngp trong nc, loi b nhng v ngoi nhng cy g cha c lc ht trnh mi mt
iu cn thit khi quyt nh s dng g l phi xc nh r mc ch. Mi loi g c u, nhc im khc nhau, v
nu c s dng hp l s gip tng tui th. i vi nhng loi g c th chu c nc, nn u tin s dng
trong mi trng nc. Ngc li, nhng loi g cng nn dng ni cn va p v d nh cu thang thng
c lm bng g lim, sn nh g t nhin thng c dng g cm xe
Thng thng, g mm c th s dng lm gia dng. Nhng g cng phi c s dng lm cu thang, sn
nh, ni thng chu lc. G mun dng hp l, khng ch ng bin ty theo cht liu i km, mu sc ch o,
hay t l tng quan, m n phi c tn trng theo phong cch kin trc ca chnh ngi nh.
kt hp vi nhiu loi vt liu khc, ngi ta phi nm c tnh n nh v bin dng ca g, v bn cnh yu
cu v mu sc, g cn phi c tnh cht l, ha ph hp vi kt cu, bin dng, chu lc ca n, la chn, thi
cng mt cch hp l, hiu qu trong cng nng s dng.
G C"NG NGHIP
Vi ngun g t nhin ngy cng cn kit, v p ng nhu cu s dng g trong thit k ni tht, sn xut ni
tht gia dng trong gia nh, vn g nhn to ra i, vi nhiu chng loi phong ph, mu sc a dng, ph hp
cho nhiu mc ch s dng khc nhau trong ni tht, c bit vn g nhn to c c tnh c l u vit l khng
cong vnh, co ngt nn hin nay g cng nghip thng c ng dng nhiu trong thit k ni tht hin i.
Cc loi g cng nghip ph bin hin nay:
1.

Vn si

2.

Vn ghp thanh

3.

Vn dm

4.

Vn p tng hp

5.

Vn dm MFC: l g nhn to c sn xut t nguyn liu g rng trng (bch n, keo, cao su...), c bn
c l cao, kch thc b mt rng, phong ph v chng loi. Mt vn c dn ph bng nhng loi vt liu trang
tr khc nhau: melamine, veneer (g lng)... Vn MFC ch yu s dng trang tr ni tht, sn xut mc gia
nh, cng s. Vn c sn xut bng qu trnh p dm g trn keo, tng t nh MDF nhng g c xay
thnh dm, nn chng c cht lng km hn vn si.
Cng ngh dn ph mt v cnh vn tha mn nhiu yu cu v hnh dng v kch thc, gm hai loi sn phm
vn dm trn v MFC. Vn dm trn l loi ph bin trn th trng, khi s dng thng c ph veneer, sn,

hoc ph PU. Vi sn phm MFC, hai mt c ph mt lp melamine nhm to v p, chng m v try xc.
Nhng nc sn xut vn dm nhiu trn th gii l Malaysia, Vit Nam, New Zealand, Thi Lan, Australia. Ni
sn xut vn dm ln nht Vit Nam hin nay l Nh my Vn dm Thi Nguyn, vi cng sut thit k 16.500 m3
sn phm/nm, c p dng h thng qun l cht lng ISO 9001-2000, trang b cng ngh hin i, sn phm
xut xng c dy t 8 n 32 mm
Vn si MDF (cn gi g p) thuc loi g nhn to c bn c l cao, kch thc ln, ph hp vi cng ngh
sn xut mc ni tht trong vng kh hu nhit di. Vn si c s dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc sn xut
mc, trang tr ni tht, xy dng. MDF c tri qua qu trnh p si g xay nhuyn trn keo, t trng t 520
n 850 kg/m3, ty theo yu cu cht lng, nguyn liu g, dy. Trn th trng hin c 3 loi chnh l trn,
chu nc v melamine.
MDF trn l loi ph bin nht, khi s dng thng c ph veneer, sn hoc ph PU. MDF chu nc cng
thuc loi MDF trn, c trn keo chu nc trong qu trnh sn xut, thng s dng ni c kh nng tip xc
vi nc hoc c m cao nh cnh ca, g trong nh bp. Melamine MDF, c hai mt vn MDF c ph
mt lp melamine nhm to v p, chng m v try xc.
Vn ghp thanh (cn gi g ghp)c sn xut t nguyn liu chnh l g rng trng. Nhng thanh g nh
qua x l hp sy, trn dy chuyn cng ngh tin tin, thit b hin i, g c ca, bo, phay, ghp, p, ch v
sn ph trang tr. Vn ghp thanh c s dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc sn xut mc, trang tr ni tht, sn
xut vn sn v nhiu sn phm khc.
C 4 cch thc g ghp song song, mt, cnh, gic. G ghp song gm nhiu thanh g cng chiu di, c th
khc chiu rng, ghp song song vi nhau. G ghp mt gm nhiu thanh g ngn, hai u c x theo hnh
rng lc ri ghp li thnh nhng thanh c chiu di bng nhau, ri tip tc ghp song song cc thanh, cho nn
ch nhn thy vt ghp hnh rng lc trn b mt vn, th trng Nht Bn rt chung cch ghp thanh ny.
G cng nghip sn xut ni tht cao cp nc ta ch yu vn l g nhp khu t cc nc nh Malaysia,
Indonexia, i Loan, Thi Lan, Cn g nhn to ca nc ta cn nhiu nhc im cha c khc phc nh
cha nhng cht c hi, d bin dng khi gp nc, d bt la, hay b mi mt, nt tch.
NI THT G T NHIN
u im:
Bn theo thi gian: Vt liu g t nhin thng c bn cao, mt s loi g thuc dng qu him nh P mu,
Ging Hng, inh Hng, G, Trc cn gia tng gi tr g theo thi gian s dng.
p: G t nhin mang v p ca t nhin, nhng hnh vn g l nt c trng ca mi loi g , khng c hai
loi g c vn ging nhau, cho nn t xa nhng ngi am hiu v g c th nhn vn g nhn din loi g,
ging nh vn tay ca con ngi vy . Tu vo s thch ca mi ngi m chn loi vn g, mu sc sn ph hp
. Thng thng ngi ta thng sn mu cnh gin, mu nu vng nht m ty s thch mi ngi, hoc cng
c th gi mu t nhin ca g
Bn vi nc : u im ni bt ca g t nhin l c bn cao khi tip xc vi nc, tt nhin phi c tm
sy, sn b k khng h mng.

Chc chn : Nh ni trn th s chc chn ca g t nhin rt cao cho d bn chn loi g g i chng na,
so vi g cng nghip th g t nhin chc chn hn.
Thm m, ha tit : G t nhin c nhiu kch thc khc nhau to nn s phong ph, vi g t nhin th ngi
th c th ch to ra nhng ha tit, kt cu mang tnh m thut , iu ny thng khng lm c g cng
nghip v g cng nghip c sn xut theo tm c dy c nh v gii hn, m khng th ghp nhng tm g
vo vi nhau c nh g t nhin.
Phong cch: C in, m cng, sang trng.
Nhc im:
Gi thnh cao : G t nhin ngy cng khan him, hin nay hu ht g t nhin c nhp khu, v vy gi g
kh cao, chi ph gia cng ch tc g t nhin cao v phi lm th cng nhiu, khng th sn xut hng lot nh g
cng nghip nn gi thnh ca sn phm g t nhin lun cao hn kh nhiu so vi g cng nghip.
Cong vnh, co ngt : Khi ngi th thi cng ni tht nu khng c tay ngh cao, v khng lm trong mi trng
sn xut ni tht chuyn nghip th rt d lm ra mt sn phm khng t tiu chun v hin tng cong vnh, co
ngt s xy ra nht l vi phn cnh ca, cnh t hu ht cc li ni tht c tnh trng cong vnh l do
ngi th b tr kch thc khng hp l, gp mng khng ng k thut, tuy ban u c th khng xut hin, hin
tng cong vnh nhng sau mt thi gian s dng s dn n tnh trng cc cnh b vnh hoc cong v khng
ng c cnh t.
NI THT G C"NG NGHIP:
u im:
Gi thnh: Gia cng g cng nghip thng n gin hn g t nhin, chi ph nhn cng t, c th sn xut
ngay khng cn phi qua giai on tm sy, la chn g nh g t nhin, gi phi g r hn, v vy g cng
nghip thng r hn nhiu so vi g t nhin. Mc chnh lch gi ty thuc tng loi g khc nhau
Cong vnh: G cng nghip c c im u vit l khng cong vnh, khng co ngt. C th lm cnh phng v
sn cc mu khc nhau, vi phong cch ni tht hin i, tr trung g cng nghip l s la chn hng u hin
nay.
Thi gian thi cng, sn xut: Nh trn cp n th g cng nghip thi gian thi cng nhanh hn g t nhin,
c th sn xut hng lot v phi g thng c sn, theo dng tm nn th ch vic ct, ghp, dn, khng mt
cng trong vic x g, bo v gia cng b mt nh giy rp
Phong cch: Phong cch hin i, tr trung, cng nng s dng cao.
Nhc im:
bn : Nu so snh v bn gia ni tht lm bng g cng nghip th khng c bn bng g t nhin
nhng ngy nay khc vi thi xa ni tht c th thay i hng nm hoc mt vi nm theo model ty theo iu
kin kinh t ca tng ngi, bn ca g cng nghip thng hn 10 nm, nu c sn xut ti cc c s sn
xut uy tn, chuyn nghip, i ng th tay ngh cao.
Ngoi ra mt im quan trng nh hng ln n bn ca g cng nghip l cc ph kin i km nh bn l
cnh t, ray trt ngn ko, nu dng cc ph kin cht lng thp rt d lm hng hoc nh hng n cht

lng g do gy bn l, hoc bung ray trt

c tnh ca g cng nghip l ht nc nn sn b mt g phi c m bo, sn t 4 lp n 7 lp trnh
thm nc vo ct g, nu sn khng m bo khi gp nc g s b bung lin kt keo trong g lm tm g cng
nghip tr nn ri ra v khng cn s dng c , nn khi s dng g cng nghip quan trng nht l sn phi
m bo nhng tuy sn m bo ri th vn phi trnh nc nu khng tui th ca ni tht s ngn
Ha tit, ng soi: Do c im c l ca g cng nghip v s lin kt ca g do m ta khng th sn xut
c chi tit m thut nh g t nhin (ng soi, ha tit, hoa vn).
Tui th ca ni tht g cng nghip nu thi cng tt s c trn di 10 nm, so vi g t nhin th khng
bng nhng vi ni tht ngy nay th vi thi gian l chng ta c th thay ni tht khc, vi thi
gian s dng trn 10 nm th cng khu hao ht ri. V vy s la chn y ch yu theo phong cch, nhu
cu l chnh, ngi thch phong cch c in, m cng th chn g t nhin, cn nu thch phong cch hin i, tr
trung, c th chn g cng nghip lm ni tht.
Qua phn tch, gip ngi tiu dng bit u t mt cch hp l hn cho ni tht,Ni Tht Mc t xin gii thiu
mt vi c im ca cc loi g ph bin s dng lm ni tht v mt s loi g tp nhi.

1. G Ging Hng : C mu nu hng, vn p, c bit c mi thm

2. G Mun : G nng, th g rt mn c mu en tuyn hoc en sc trng

3. G G : Th g thng, vn p, mn, mu vng trng, lu chuyn mu nu

sm

4. G Trc : G rt cng, th g mn, c mi chua khng hng

PMu : G nh, th mn, vn p, mu vng c mi thm

6. Xoan o : G cng, chc, th g mn, vn p, mu hng o

7. Si : Dt g t mu trng n nu nht, tm g mu nu hng. G c t

m hnh ni bt v cc tia g nh hn. a s th g thng

8. Si trng : Dt g mu nht, tm g t nu nht n nu sm. a s Si trng

c vn g thng to v di, mt g t trung bnh n th vi cc tia g di hn

Si . V vy, Si trng c nhiu m hnh hn.

9. G Gii : G thng mu xm vng, th mn, thm, g mm

10. Tn b : Dt g mu t nht n gn nh trng, tm g c mu sc a dng,

t nu xm n nu nht hoc vng nht sc nu. Nhn chung vn g thng, to,
mt g th u

11. Thng : G mm, nh, mu vng da cam nht, vn thng u

12. G Mt : g mm, mu vng sng, khi lu s chuyn sang nu sm, vn

g khng p lm

13. Cm xe : G mu thm, hi c vn sm nht xen k, th mn, g

nng, bn, khng mi mt, chu c ma nng, rt cng

14. G Lim : G lim l loi g cng, chc, nng, khng b mi mt; c mu hi

nu n nu thm; c kh nng chu lc tt. Vn g dng xon kh p, nu
lu hay ngm di bn th mt g c mu en

15. Ch ch : Tht v vng v hi hng, c nha v c mi thm nh, G ch ch

vng nht hay hi hng, rt bn, chu nc, chu chn vi

16. G tp ging g Gii

17. G tp ging g tn b

Cch nhn bit cc loi g qu

Nhiu ngi t hi tai sao g t nhin li qu v c gi thnh cao , v chng khc nhau nh th no gip
cc bn mnh xin a ra mt s hiu bit v g t nhin nh sau :

G cm lai (Dalbergia bariaensis)

Cm Lai l mt loi g qu, g c mu nu hng, c vn en, cng, th mn, kh rn, r gia

cng, mt ct nhn, r nh bng, n vc ni. Thng c dng ng c cao cp.
g (Afzelia xylocarpa)
G c mu nht hoc thm , c ch ni vn en ging da h, nn c ni cn gi l cy
H b. G cng, rt bn, thng c dng ng bn gh, ging t, chm tr cao cp.
Nhng u g trn thn c...
G Ging Hng.(Pterocarpus pedatus pierre) :

sn

ging

hng

G bn,c mu nu hng,mn p v thm.

- G bn,p thng c dng ng bn gh,ging t,tc tng khc tranh.
- G c mu nu hng,mn p v thm.
- G kh nng,vn p,khng bi mi mt,t cong vnh,do lm du nn t nt n.
- Nha cy c mu ,c th dng nhum,khi ngm,nc s chuyn mu xanh
nh luyn(nht)
sn g cm xe
sn g ging hng
sn g t nhin

sofa da
G Mun.( D.mun H.Lec).

G nng, th g rt mn,c mu en tuyn khi dng lu s bong nh sng, hoc mu en sc

trng
- L cy g nh
- Thng c dng ng bn gh, tc tng, iu khc tranh
- G nng, th g rt mn
- C mu en tuyn khi dng lu s bong nh sng, hoc mu en sc trng
- Khi t th mm r s l gia cng, nhng khi kh th rt cng
- G rt bn, chc khng b mi mt ( rc th hay b mt) t cong vnh,hay nt chn chim.
G trc :

Thuc cy g ln,g rt cng,nng,th g mn c mi chua nhng khng hng,trong g c tinh

du.Trc ,Dalbergia balansae(trc vng),Dalbergia nigrescens(trc en)
- Thng dng ng bn gh,ging t cao cp,tc tng khc tranh.
- Thuc cy g ln,g rt cng,nng,th g mn c mi chua nhng khng hng,g rt bn
khng b mi mt,cong vnh.
- G c mu ,mu vng,mu en tu loi.
- Khi quay giy gip th rt bng bi trong g c sn tinh du.

Trc p nht l loi clk,hi n nay rt him,ch c ph thng loi Trc Laos,Campuchia hay
l ca Nam Phi.

G Hunh n hay cn gi l sa bc b:

Sa Bc B hay sa hoc trc thi (do qu c mi thi), cm lai Bc B, hu mc vng (danh

php khoa hc: Dalbergia tonkinensis) l mt loi cy thn g thuc h u (Fabaceae). N
c tm thy ri rc ti Hi Nam, Trung Quc ( hong (hunh) n Vit Nam) v Bc B, Vit
Nam. lu ngy g s hnh thnh lp tuyt trng nh sng. Hin nay, n l loi ang b e
da
do
mt
mt
mi
trng
sng.
-L cy g ln, l thng xanh c th cao ti 10-15 m, sinh trng trung bnh, thn mu vng
nu hay xm, nt dc. L di 9-20 cm; cung khng lng; l km sm rng, nh, c lng nh
mn v tha, mu nu vng. Cc cung nh khng lng; s l cht 5-9, vi l cht tn cng
thng l to nht, hnh trng hay hi thun di, nhn, cht da, c lng mn l th khi non, nhanh
chng chuyn thnh khng lng, gc l cht trn, nhn mi. Cm hoa dng chy, mc nch l,

khong 5-15 cm. Hoa trng c i hp, thm. Qu dng qu u hnh trng thun di, di 5-6
cm, rng khong 1 cm v cha 1-2 ht dng bu dc, ng knh khong 9 mm. Cnh non mu
xanh c m b khng mu trng. Hoa ra thng 4-7. Qu chn thu hoch thng 11-12.G trc thi
cho mi thm quyn r thong nh kiu hng trm. Khi t tn c mu trng c.
-S dng:G trc thi ch dng phn li nhng cy trn trm tui. G sa th mn, va cng li
va do, c nhiu hoa vn p. Thi phong kin vua cha dng g trc thi ng ni tht
cao cp trong cung nh v n va l hng liu va l dc liu. Nhng nm gn y, gii nh
giu Trung Quc x sn lng trc thi ng quan ti hoc p xc nh cc v hong
Trung Quc trc y. Ngi ta cho l quan ti ng bng g trc thi c kh nng gi c xc
lu, khng b phn hy. Ngoi ra, cy trc thi thng gn vi cc in tch ca Pht gio, do
ngy nay ngi ta lm nhng xu trng ht vi gi vi ngn USD.
G Sa (Dalbergia cochinchinensis) :

G va cng li va do, chu c ma nng G c mu , mu vng, c vn rt p C

mi thm mt thong hng trm

L cy g nh, cn c tn khc l trc thi

- G sa c ngha tm linh rt ln, Thi phong kin vua cha thng dng g sa ng
ni tht trong cung nh v n va lm hng liu va lm dc liu
- G va cng li va do, chu c ma nng
- G c mu , mu vng, c vn rt p
- C mi thm mt thong hngtrm
G G :

- C th thng,vn p mn,mu vng trng, lu chuyn mu nu sm,r chuyn thnh mu

cnh dn,lu nm en nh sng.
- G qu,bn d nh bng,khng b mi mt,t cong vnh.G hay c dng ng hng mc
- Ni tht,Sp g,v nm ng trn Sp g s khoan khoi khng b au
mnh my nh cc loi
g khc. t ch, bn gh, ging t cao cp.v.v.
- G g c th thng,vn p mn, mu vng trng, lu chuyn mu nu sm
- G c mi chua nhng khng hng.
- Mc nhiu min trung v min nam, Lo. Campuchia

Cch phn bit cht liu cc loi g qua hnh

nh
September 15, 2012 T Vn G No comments

Chng ti xin gii thiu nhng hnh nh v cht liu g t nhin v g cng nghip ngi tiu dng
phn no phn bit v nhn bit cc loi g khi mua vt liu hay t hng ni tht vi cht liu ny.
Trn th trng hin nay c rt nhiu ca hng ni tht cng nh cc xng sn xut g. Tuy nhin,
khng phi mi c s kinh doanh u m bo cht lng v nguyn liu chun nh thng tin qung
co hay yu cu t hng ca khch.

Nhiu sn phm c gim gi cnh tranh tm kim khch hng nhng thc t h n bt nguyn
vt liu hay pha tp cc loi g. V d n gin nh t bp xoan o, c ca hng ng ch hn 2 triu/m
di c t trn v di, gi ny hon ton phi thc t v hin ti, gi g loi ny trung bnh trn di 4
triu/m di.
Nu khng kim tra k ni tht g khi nhn hng (ton b b mt v cc phn ca sn phm) rt c th
khch hng s mua phi km cht lng.
Di y l hnh nh mu mt s loi g thng c s dng khi sn xut ni tht g. c gi c th
tham kho b sung kin thc cng nh la chn sn phm th c chnh xc hn.