CAUSE & EFFECT

There are many ways to express cause and effect relationships. Take this for example:
i. He didn't come because he wasn't invited.
ii. Since he wasn't invited, he didn't come. As he wasn’t invited, he didn’t come.
 The cause of his absence is that he was not invited.

He was not invited. So, the effect or the result of this is that "he didn't come". If he had
been invited he would have come. But he was not invited, consequently he didn't come.

EXAMPLES
1. She didn't attend the meeting since/as she was not interested.
2. I'm glad the children are out, for I have got a lot of work to do at home.
3. She didn't tell the police because of fear.
4. Owing to his carelessness, the man had an accident.
5. The man had an accident due to his carelessness.
6. I'm sorry for being late.
7. Thanks for your attention.
8. He went to hospital because he was not feeling well.

* Now, carefully study the following structures:

I
• The cause of failure is laziness.
• One reason for failure is laziness.

II
• Failure is caused by laziness.
• Successive failures are due to/the result of carelessness.

III
• The effect of laziness is failure.
• The consequence of laziness is failure.
• The result of laziness is failure.
• One effect/consequence/result of laziness is failure.

IV
• He is lazy. Because of this, he fails.
• She is hard-working. So, she succeeds.
• He wasted his time. Consequently he didn't succeed in his exams.
• She works hard. Therefore, she always succeeds.
• She works hard. As a result, she always gets good marks.
• He never revises his lessons. As a consequence, the teacher always punishes
him.