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Emergency Action Principles

BSI or Body Substance Isolation


- Survey the scene
- Introduce yourself
- Check for consciousness (Hey, hey are you ok?) 3x by tapping the shoulder of the
patient (adult); tapping the feet of an infant (patient is unresponsible)
AMA (Activate Medical Assistance to Transfer facility and come back to me while I do
first aid.)
Do the Primary Survey
Check:
A Airway
Adult Maximum Head tilt-chin lift (Head tilt-chin lift maneuver)
Infant Neutral position
Child Neutral (+)
B Breathing (10 secs)
C Circulation (10 secs)
(-) Breathing and (-) Pulse ==Perform CPR
(-) Breathing and (+) Pulse==Perform RB
Do the Secondary Survey
- Secondary survey is a systematic method of gathering additional information about
injuries or conditions that may need care. These conditions are not immediate life
threatening but could become so if not cared for:
a. Interview patient
b. Ask what happened
c. Ask for sample History
S Signs and Symptoms
A Allergies
M Medication
P Previous Illness
L Last meal
E Even prior to injury
*

Vital Signs (TPR, BP)


- Temperature
- Pulse Rate
- Respiratory Rate
- Blood Pressure

Cephalo Caudal Exam (DCAP-BTLS)


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D Deformity
C Confusion
A Abrasion
P Puncture

B Burns
T Tenderness
L Laceration
S Swelling

Dilated Pupils involve bleeding and state of shock.


Constricted Pupils heat stroke of drug overdose.
Unequal Pupils head injury or stroke.
Check for fluid or blood in ears, nose and mouth.
Gently feel the sides of the neck for signs of injury.
Check and compare both collar bones and shoulders.
Check the chest and rib cage.
Check the patient abdomen for tenderness.
Check the hipbone.
Check one leg at a time.
Check one arm at a time.
Check the spinal column.
Record all assessment including time.
Keep the patient lying down.
Keep the patient warm and guard against chilling.
Recovery Position
Infact Burping Position
Adults Lateral Recumbent Side Lying Position

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