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  • Typographic Variants: Use in Writing Systems

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    aryanali17
    12 просмотров2 страницы
    There were many variants of the letter A during Roman times, including monumental styles used for stone carvings and cursive styles for everyday writing. As the Roman Empire declined in the 5th century AD, various cursive scripts developed across Western Europe, including Merovingian in France and Visigothic in Spain. By the 9th century, the Caroline script was widely used before the printing press. In the 15th century, the Italic and Roman variants emerged from the Caroline script and are still used today, with the Italic form used in handwriting and the Roman form used in most printing.

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    A

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    There were many variants of the letter A during Roman times, including monumental styles used for stone carvings and cursive styles for everyday writing. As the Roman Empire declined in the 5th century AD, various cursive scripts developed across Western Europe, including Merovingian in France and Visigothic in Spain. By the 9th century, the Caroline script was widely used before the printing press. In the 15th century, the Italic and Roman variants emerged from the Caroline script and are still used today, with the Italic form used in handwriting and the Roman form used in most printing.

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    12 просмотров2 страницы

    Typographic Variants: Use in Writing Systems

    Загружено:

    aryanali17
    There were many variants of the letter A during Roman times, including monumental styles used for stone carvings and cursive styles for everyday writing. As the Roman Empire declined in the 5th century AD, various cursive scripts developed across Western Europe, including Merovingian in France and Visigothic in Spain. By the 9th century, the Caroline script was widely used before the printing press. In the 15th century, the Italic and Roman variants emerged from the Caroline script and are still used today, with the Italic form used in handwriting and the Roman form used in most printing.

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 2

    5/7/2016

    AWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    Typographicvariants
    DuringRomantimes,thereweremanyvariantformsoftheletter"A".Firstwas
    themonumentalorlapidarystyle,whichwasusedwheninscribingonstoneor
    other"permanent"mediums.Therewasalsoacursivestyleusedforeveryday
    orutilitarianwriting,whichwasdoneonmoreperishablesurfaces.Duetothe
    "perishable"natureofthesesurfaces,thereasnotasmanyexamplesofthis
    styleasthereareofthemonumental,buttherearestillmanysurviving
    examplesofdifferenttypesofcursive,such
    asmajusculecursive,minusculecursive,andsemicursiveminuscule.Variants

    Differentglyphsofthe
    lowercaseletterA.

    alsoexistedthatwereintermediatebetweenthemonumentalandcursivestyles.
    Theknownvariantsincludetheearlysemiuncial,theuncial,andthelatersemi
    uncial.[5]
    AttheendoftheRomanEmpire(5thcenturyAD),severalvariantsof
    thecursiveminusculedevelopedthroughWesternEurope.Among
    thesewerethesemicursiveminusculeofItaly,theMerovingian
    scriptinFrance,theVisigothicscriptinSpain,andtheInsularor
    AngloIrishsemiuncialorAngloSaxonmajuscule,ofGreatBritain.By
    the9thcentury,theCarolinescript,whichwasverysimilartothe
    presentdayform,wastheprincipalformusedinbookmaking,before
    theadventoftheprintingpress.Thisformwasderivedthrougha
    combiningofpriorforms.[5]
    15thcenturyItalysawtheformationofthetwomainvariantsthatare
    knowntoday.Thesevariants,theItalicandRomanforms,werederived
    Typographicvariantsincludea
    doublestoreyaandsinglestorey.

    fromtheCarolineScriptversion.TheItalicform,alsocalledscripta,is
    usedinmostcurrenthandwritingandconsistsofacircleandvertical
    stroke.Thisslowlydevelopedfromthefifthcenturyformresembling

    theGreeklettertauinthehandsofmedievalIrishandEnglishwriters.[3]Mostprintedmaterialusesthe
    Romanformconsistingofasmallloopwithanarcoverit("a").[5]Bothderivefromthemajuscule(capital)
    form.InGreekhandwriting,itwascommontojointheleftlegandhorizontalstrokeintoasingleloop,as
    demonstratedbytheuncialversionshown.Manyfontsthenmadetherightlegvertical.Insomeofthese,
    theserifthatbegantherightlegstrokedevelopedintoanarc,resultingintheprintedform,whileinothersit
    wasdropped,resultinginthemodernhandwrittenform.
    Italictypeiscommonlyusedtomarkemphasisormoregenerallytodistinguishonepartofatextfromthe
    rest(setinRomantype).However,therearealsosomeothercasesasidefromthiswherescripta(""),
    alsocalledLatinalpha,isusedincontrastwithLatin"a"(suchasintheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet).

    Useinwritingsystems
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A

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    5/7/2016

    AWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    English
    Furtherinformation:PronunciationofEnglisha
    InmodernEnglishorthography,theletterarepresentssevendifferentvowelsounds:
    thenearopenfrontunroundedvowel//asinpad
    theopenbackunroundedvowel//asinfather,whichisclosertoitsoriginalLatinandGreeksound[4]
    thediphthong/e/asinaceandmajor(usuallywhenaisfollowedbyone,oroccasionallytwo,
    consonantsandthenanothervowelletter)thisresultsfromMiddleEnglishlengtheningfollowedby
    theGreatVowelShift
    themodifiedformoftheabovesoundthatoccursbeforer,asinsquareandMary
    theroundedvowelofwater
    theshorterroundedvowel(notpresentinGeneralAmerican)inwasandwhat[3]
    aschwa,inmanyunstressedsyllables,as

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A

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