* “ Project Office, British Aircraft Corporation Limited, Commercial Aircraft Division, Weybridge. PRO. 250/7799 A summary of the work and conclusions arising from the 1972/73 joint HMG/BAC funded programme of R/STOL studies ( KA72A/138/CB/A72A, Associated Contract Nos.( _KA83A/733/CB/AB3A2 ( KAB3A/771/CB/A83A, B.A.C R/STOL : STUDIES Presented by BAC at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, 18th July 1974, © BRITISH. AIRCRAFT CORPORATION LTD.. The contents of this document may not be reproduced or otherwise used except as. indicated._by the pro- visions of the above contracts.ene wear eUuroene Fry 12 CONTENTS = Continued TIME ACOUSTIC STUDIES - Objectives - £E.B.F. Tests = overwing Engine Tests - Conclusions RTOL PROJECT STUDIES - Objectives = Scope of Studies - Supporting Studies = D.0.C. vs, Field Length = Comparative D.0.C.'ss 4,000 ft. Feb. = Community Noise - Freighter Versions - Max. Design Range vs. T.0, Distance = No, of Pax. & D.0.C. vs. Range & Fab. = -D.0.C. vs. Range & Field Length = Conclusions = Short Term Continuation Studies SECTION NO. Js, Ovourene ‘THLE STOL PROJECT STUDIES = Objectives = Scope of Studie: = Eng. Studies of 3 Flap Systems - E.B.F. Wind Tunnel Tests - E.B.F. W/T Test Results - “D.0.C, vs. Field Length + Noise Contours - Conclusions QVERALL CONCLUSIONSINTRODUCTION ASECTION Awe NOs ouruenre eee Hh Une B. R/STOL STUDIES CONTENTS 3 TLE SECTION INTRODUCTION D. Background to Studies = Overall Programme = BAC, Programme = Division of Effort = Programme Management - a ” - Task Def. MARKET_STUDY - Summary “TERMINAL AREA STUDIES - Study Objectives = Scope of Main Studies = Seope of Supporting Studies = A.F.C.S. Results = Low Speed Handling Results - Plight Deck Vision Results + Sngine Characteristics Results = Summary of Requirements = Short-Term Continuation Studies NO. weer wou roene we eee PRO 250/7799 TXTLE LANDING GEAR ~ Objectives = Scope of Studies - M.L.G. Configurations = Shock Absorbers ~ Comparison of Selected M.L.d, = Comparisons with CTOL M.L.G, = Conclusions WING & PAN WHIRL FLUTTER Objectives Scope of ‘Studies Results for RTOL Datum Aircraft Results for STOL Datum Aircraft Short Term Continuation Studies SYSTEMS SUPPLIES ANALYSIS = ‘Objectives = ‘Main Study Areas ‘Typical System Analysis Typical Trade-off ConclusionsINTRODUCTION BAC_R/STOL sTUDIES SK BACKGROUND TO STUDIES QO4“TO = BAL, INTER-URBAN Ale TRANSPORT SYSTEM STUDIES. EARLY "F1 = LISCUSSIONS STARTED WITH MOD. OM FUNDING FOR ETQL. RESEARCH & WITH BEA ON SHORT FIELD AIRERAET (2,000 TO 400027) MAY 1979 = P7287 PROPOSALS ON 810k, STUDIES SUBN/TTER TO MO, Bn 1999 "TE = WORK WITH DIL/RAL ON TERG VEWCLES GROUR SARLY "G2 ~ BAC PROTECT WORK ON RTOL, AIRCRAFT (RO2AE), LUeY FB ~ RIGTCLe STUDY CONTRACT SIGNED WITH EMPMAS/SE OW BEOL, AVE, TE ~ R/ETOL CONTRACT & COMPANY FUNDER TASKE STARTER MAINLY BASED OM THE DATUM BEOL, ees FROM PREVIOUS . WORK. : EKOL, AIBCRASP GC" , > (8 RB, IO SNGINESS, RE Oke AfQE (2H ABET ENGINES)INTRODUCTION OVERALL PROGRAMME [Bah |MODd./PE.| MinsTay [INDUSTRY CO-ORD/NDATING GROUP BAC R/STOL STUDIES SK @ OPERATIONAL STUBIES ATE SA/RPORT STUDIES NOSE STLDIES STUBY OF RIOL, | | MINMISTRY/INDUSTRY) OPERATIONS 1A WORK GLOUR MUN, FUNDED LULOPE BY CONSIDERATION OF | | NOISE SHIELDED WNBEPENDENP ATG, PROBLEMS. ROT Crk TRAPPE SECREGATN| \CONEIGURATION Onsen & POSS, NEED FOR IN CONTUNETION| | STEER GRADIENTS Cee WITH DEI Lipher BE QUIREM. Dre. oan AMB/HSA CONTRACT tMG/BAL. CONTRACT MIN FUNDED PROG. __ AMARAET DEMAND. 2.MODEL TESTS. SENOUSE & POLLUTION. FUNDED 4PROJECT STUDIES, S.FL/GAT SIMULATION; 6°L/GAT TESTS. TEBE ACOUSTIC STUD,INTRODUCTION BAC R/STOL sTuDIES =< © BAC. PROGRAMME, ACTONATIC FLIGHT COWTROL SYSTEM ewan 1308 ou sere wsneme usa oak smc remn — eset vex rows VON ost sock etme vision exciee cuasacTenistics | sone G2 OR, 058, REET CASE ee AER 5 VINE CENTRE mene SONS AER HUG SPEED soins Sa obs era oa aS won & Fat NER, PYLON ESCINEERING PUITTER STUDIES “SN FLUTTER PREDICTIONS —L BACK-UP TECHNICAL DATA. [SYSTEMS STUDIES emer SYSTENS POWER SUPPLIES AUALYSTS ‘AND IRSTRIMEYTATION. i couse srotts mem 2 + NOISE TESTS /OVER-HING ACOUSTIC TESTS OME UCT LINERS eee 2x ms 2b wIcn GPLow Wc AIRCRAFT. pe? «AD 701 OH 4 ta wesc AmNCAT ctw tesicw MANE OF 30 AMS. J On 56H MING ATRCRAT 25 crn 56 tow wise aaa Go 2) ‘ro. masect sors, 2x cnt 56 ta wise AIRCRATT PRETCATER CANES 06m WoC LO SERED TONNE TESTS oar ASO SUAS EOCTRERING | — ox gos oa ———— ‘AND INTERNAL BLOWN FLAP SYSTES.INTRODUCT , R/STOL a - ee DNWISION OF EFFORT \ x \ A oO 5 Ww 3e . sale] & za 3 . 2 o = x ao 2 5 oO <INTRODUCTION 8BAC R/STOL STUDIES Ke PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT. X MANAGEMENT 4k, TINE PROGRAMME MANAGER, COMPUTERISED CONTROL OF BUDGET & SEND, %_WORK BREAKDOWN DETAILED TASK SHEETS FOR EACH (TEM, DEPARTMENTAL BREAKDOWN WITH TIMESCALE & BUDGET, TASH SHEETS APPROVED BY MON/TORS, PROGRESSIVE RELEASE OF BUDGET AGAINST TASKS, 2 MEETINGS MONTHLY IN-MOUSE ON EACH /TEM, QUARTERLY W/TH MON/TORS, QUARTERLY REVIEW W/TH D/ENik. * REPORTS 769 INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORTS, 32 FINAL REPORTS. KACHV/EVEMENT TECHNICAL WORK COMPLETED TO SCHEDULE, BUT FINAL REPORTING OVERRAN,INTRODUCTION AG R/STOL STUDIES =~ PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT =~ TAEK DEFINITION, |—DEpAR IMENTAL. INVOLVEMENT >| INDIVIDUAL TASK DESCRIPTION WITH TIMESCALE & BUDGET: 1S TASH SHEETS,MARKET STUDYMARKET STUDY BAC R/STOL STUDIES SX WNMARY APPROACH see MARKET REVIEW / AIRLINE SURVEY / REQUIREMENTS EVALUATION. CONCLUSION ..ece REQUIREMENT FOR AN AIRCRAFT WITH HIGH (LATE 1973) e e OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY. TIMING —- AROUND 1980 SIZE — 180/200 SEATS RANGE = CTOL FIELD PERFORMANCE ... . 1800/2200NM. — ATOL (~ 4000 FT. FL.) . SOON.M NOISE — AT LEAST IO EPNdB BELOW FAR PT.36 BONUS POINTS coosee HIGH INITIAL CLIMB OVER INBOUND TRAFFIC STEEP DESCENT IN TMA. INCREASED ROUTING FLEXIBILITY & UTILISATION. REDUCTION IN RUNWAY OCCUPANCY TIME. GOOD AIRFIELD PERFORMANCE —-HOT & HIGH. HIGH ENGINE OUT CEILING. FORMULA 0.O.C. COMPARISONS CAN BE MISLEADING & ANY PENALTIES SHOULD BE WEIGHED AGAINST COST BENEFITS FROM OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY, ETC.TERMINAL AREA STUDIES ———cTERMINAL AREA pac R/STOL STUDIES Sz STUDIES A @ STUDY OBTECTIVES TERM/NAL ARZA — CONTROL & MANOEWREABILITH — CONFIGURATION & AVIONICS. STEEP APPROACHES (RATES OF DESCENT ABOUT 1000 FT/MIN) — HANDLING REQUIREMENTS. — ENGINE RESPONSE. — AUTOMATIC CONTROL TECHNIQUES. A WORK BREAKDOWN. MAIN STUDY AREAS, INTEGRATED STUDIES COVERING sureur } FUEL, ELECTRICAL. OF MAJOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS @ STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS CONCEPTS — ‘SENSITIVITY TO AIRCRAFT LAYOUT — COST EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA — RELIABILITY RELIABILITY PREDICTIONS FAILURE ANALYSIS %& INSTRUMENTATION @ AUTOMATIC CHECKING & MONITORING OF SYSTEMS PARAMETERS CANDS. & > BLT.) —— ACCIDENT DATA RECORDING. PERFORMANCE MONITORING & RECORDING. AUTOMATIC CHECK LISTING. SYSTEM FAULT DIAGNOSIS.SYSTEMS SUPPLIES BAC R/STOL STUDIES =< © ANALYSIS APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL SYSTEM. FOR A GIVEN AIRCRAFT DEFINITION «+++ REVIEW AIRWORTHINESS & OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS. DEFINE BASIC PHILOSOPHIES. DETERMINE POWER REQUIREMENTS. ASSESS ENGINE “APU /EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY/ DEMAND SITUATIONS EXAMINE OPTIONS ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF POWERING SYSTEMS. OUTLINE POSSIBLE SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS. ANALYSE SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS. _ INSTALLATION & WEIGHT. _ INTEGRITY. _ RELIABILITY. _ COST EFFECTIVENESS. SELECT PREFERRED SYSTEM.Seeemee BAC R/STOL STUDIES ANALYSIS TY¥OICAL TRADE-OFF RESULTS OF ONE OF THE SIMPLER OPERATING COST ANALYSES CONDUCTED — COMPARISON OF AIRFRAME ICE PROTECTION SYSTEMS LECTRO — RTOL AIRCRAFT HOT AIR wo ne FUEL COST DUE TO SYSTEM WEIGHT 598 514 454 FUEL COST DUE TO HOT AIR BLEED 1261 —_ —_ E-ICING FLUID cosT * —_— 4502 ae FUEL COST DUE TO POWER OFFTAKE —_ _— NEGLIGIBLE MAINTENANCE COST 1500 500 1000 ANNUAL TOTAL OPERATING COST £ 3359 5516 1454 | STOL AIRCRAFT FUEL COST DUE TO SYSTEM WEIGHT 665 373 402 FUEL COST DUE TO HOT AIR BLEED 2070 —_ —_ DE -ICING FLUID cost * —_ 3080 — FUEL COST DUE TO POWER OFFTAKE —_ _ NEGLIGIBLE MAINTENANCE COST 1200 500 1000 ANNUAL TOTAL OPERATING COST £& 3935 3953 1402 % FLUID COST BASED ON 20% FLIGHT DURATION IN ICEeens BAC R/STOL STUDIES SK ® ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS %& NO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN OVERALL SYSTEMS CONCEPTS ENVISAGED FOR A 1980 RTOL AIRCRAFT. @ MAIN AIM: SYSTEMS / AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION OPTIMISATION. @ POSSIBLE SUB-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AREAS. ELECTRO IMPULSE DE-ICING. CABIN FRESH AIR SUPPLY. HIGH SPEED ACCESSORIES. AIR DRIVEN ACCESSORIES. 3K CHANGES IN SYSTEMS CONCEPTS MAY BE REQUIRED FOR A \ MID -1980’s STOL AIRCRAFT WITH HIGHER BY-PASS ENGINES. @ SMALL GAS GENERATOR SENSITIVE TO AIR BLEED & ACCESSORY INSTALLATION DIFFICULT, POWER OFFTAKE PROBLEMS (RB 410-11) UNRESOLVED. @ ROLE OF APU. @ ADVANCED FLIGHT CONTROL CONCEPTS. 3% ON-BOARD CHECK-OUT & MONITORING SYSTEMS (OCAMS). @ PURSUE DEVELOPMENTS FOR MORE COMPLEX FUTURE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT. PERFORMANCE MONITORING. AUTOMATIC CHECK LISTING. SYSTEM FAULT DIAGNOSIS.ACOUSTIC STUDIES GAcOouSsSTIc eonaee BAC R/STOL STUDIES << ) QBIECTIVES @ EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAP. — TO ESTABLISH BY TEST BASIC DATA FOR USE IN PREDICTING IN-FLIGHT FAR FIELD NOISE. @ OVERWING ENGINE. TO EVALUATE NOISE SHIELDING EFFECTS. @ ACOUSTIC TREATMENT OF DUCTS. — TO DEVELOP’ COMPUTER PREDICTION TECHNIQUES. SCOPE @ EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAP. — W/T. TESTS WITH ALTERNATIVE ENGINE POSITIONS.EFFECTS OF FOR'D, SPEED, WITH VARIATIONS OF JET VELOCITY & FLAP ANGLE. © OVERWING ENGINE — W/T. TESTS WITH TWO NOZZLE HEIGHTS. EFFECTS OF FORD. SPEED WITH VARIATIONS OF JET VELOCITY, FLAP SLOT SEALED & UNSEALED. @ ACOUSTIC TREATMENT OF DUCTS: a RE-— PROGRAMMING OF PREDICTION METHODS AND APPLICATION TO THE RB 2lil ENGINEACOUSTIC BAC R/STOL STUDIES 3% @ STUDIES ee OO OE ee EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAP TESTS, = (WT VAR/ABLE ENGINE POSITION, FLAP ANGLE, SET VELOCITY & WIND SPEED), TVE Ak RESULT no 90 80 FLAP DELLECTION=G5E | | JET VELOCITY ~ PESETSEC. | WIND SPEED ~ 80 FU/SEC. | \ 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 ANGLE 70 JET AN/S ~DECREES. * DERIVED VALVES FOR TYP/CAkL AIRCRAET PARAMETERS,ACOUSTIC BAC R/STOL STUDIES 3% © STUDIES QUERWING ENG/NE TESTS. VARABLES — ~ ENGINE POS/TION. =~ TET VELOCITY, ~WIND SPEED. TYP(CAle RESULT = 10. ——.—— ; JET VELOCITY IBS LISEC WIND SPEED = EE; C. NOZZLE ALONE * 100 = \ Mm PNaB. Chan 4 | et ” i =f << JET SCRUBBING WING: ate f: x | | SET LEAR OF WING, | Te | Zo so 60 so ANGLE TO JET ANS ~DECREES. TYP{CAk AIRCRAFT PARAMETERS. * DERIVED VALUES FOR | || 300 120 140ACOUSTIC BAC R/STOL STUDIES << STUDIES CONCLUS/ONS @ EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAPS. NOISE DUE TO FLAP IMPINGEMENT BECOMES SIGNIFICANT AT HIGH FLAP ANGLES AND JET VELOCITIES ABOVE 500 FT./ SEC. FORD. SPEED EFFECTS ARE SMALL PREDICTION METHOD FOR FLAP IMPINGEMENT NOISE DERIVED, @ OVERWING ENGINE. SIGNIFICANT NOISE SHIELDING AT HIGH FREQUENCIES. MAX. SHIELDING WHEN JET EFFLUX SCRUBS WING. FOR'D. SPEED EFFECTS ARE SMALL.RrO.L PROJECT STUDIES HRTO.L PROJECT gac R/STOL STUDIES STUDIES Bac R/stoL stuDiEs 24 © OBJECTIVES @ TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE, INCLUDING D.O0.C. & COMMUNITY NOISE LEVELS, OF ‘ENGINEERED’ FAMILIES OF TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT IN THE ISO/200 SEAT CLASS. AT 500 N.M. RANGE FROM VARIOUS RTOL FIELD LENGTHS. AT RANGES UP TO 2200 N.M. FROM CTOL FIELD LENGTHS, SUBJECT TO MINIMAL PENALTIES ON THE BASIC RTOL ROLE. USING KNOWN FIXED ENGINES, APPLICABLE TO THE NEXT GENERATION OF AIRCRAFT. @ TO PROVIDE DATA TO COMPLEMENT R.A.E, COMPUTER STUDIES ON ‘IDEALISED’ CONFIGURATIONS. @ TO ASSESS THE ENGINEERING IMPLICATIONS OF TRIPLE - SLOTTED MECHANICAL FLAP & KRUGER SLAT SYSTEMS & TO PROVIDE CORRESPONDING WEIGHT DATA.TWIN RB.211-26 CONFIGURATIONS __ 7ABREAST 6 ABREAST FREIGHTER VARIANTS: BASIC FUSELAGE CROSS-SECTION (189° DIAMETER) REPORT No- PRO.243 (REPORT No. PRO.250/10b/7689) “tl-nnaugny] TO REVISED REQUIREMENTS IN REPORT No. PRO,250/10b/7651 COLLECTIVELY PRESENTED [2 TONNE’ ENGINED LAYOUTS (CFM56 TYPE) REPORT No- PRO.250/1c/9022 \_TWIN-ENGINED stuby “Sx (REPORT No.-PRO.250/10b/7710) RXOL PROJECT STUDIES, THREE-ENGINED STUDY (REPORT No.- PRO,250/1c/7650) FOUR-ENGINED STUDY (REPORT No.-PRO.250/1¢/7616) ®RrO.L PROJECT AC R/STOL STUDIES SA STUDIES aor A ® SUPPORTING STUDIES. HUGH VS. LOW WING WIND TUNNEL TESTS 70 FIND LIFT & DRAG DIFFERENCES. STRUCTURAL STUDIES 70 EVALUATE WEIGHT DIFFERENCES, UGH LIFT DEV/CES ENGNEERING STUDIES OF TRIPLE SLOTTED ” TRA/L/NG EDGE FLAP & KRUCER LEADING EDGE SLATS, \RTO. PROJECT sac R/STOL STUDIES SK STUDIES LL = LL DOC. te FIELD LENGTH | TWIN R.B.21. ad ou +3; 154 | TWIN REZI 36 (STEEP GRADIENT) TWIN CLM SO 12 : REL. zo + DOG. 189 WUMBER OF -SOOMM, PASSENGERS | 11 140 a 227 | \—— 7H 2.8. ae 7 SX GEM. %Y REL DOCESO = Soy we AT GOCOFL) 0-9 3,000 3,300 5,000 4,000 SOONM.DESIGN FIELD LENGTH ~FEET.F:T.0.L PROJECT pac R/STOL ST STUDIES eaceeaose unies ££ © COMPARATIVE DOC, FOR 4O0OFT FIELD LENGTH ALL ENGINES] RELATIVE CLIMB GRAD %,] — 0,0.C, CONFIGURATION LOW WING. 2 ENG, UNDERWING. 20 LOW WING. 2 ENG, AT REAR at HIGH WING, 2 ENG. UNDERWING at HIGH WING 2ENG UNDERWING HIGH WING. 4 ENG. UNDERWING LOW WING. 3 ENGINES LOW WING. 3 ENGINES 3& THESE AIRCRAFT HAVE BEEN ADJUSTED TO THE SAME PASSENGER CAPACITY (217) AS AIRCRAFT 23 & TO COMPATIBLE ENGINE WEIGHT STANDARDS FOR THE RB2i & CFM 56,RTO.L PROJECT Bac R/STOL STUDIES 3 STUDIES COMMUNITY NOISE RELATIVE 90 PNdB_ CONTOURS. 3° APPROACH STEEP APPROACH NO NOISE ABATEMENT. TWIN RB 211 RTOL AIRCRAFT AT 500N.M, T.0.W AREA = 2-4 SQ.ML. " TWIN RB211 RTOL AIRCRAFT AT 2,200 N.M. T.O.W. (MAX.) AREA = 3-7 SQ.ML. NOISE LEVELS OF VARIOUS 4,000 FT. RTOL AIRCRAFT AT FAR. PART 36 MEASURING POINTS. MEASURING POINT. EPNdB BELOW FAR. PART 36 AT 500 NM. T.O.W. AT MAX. T.O.W. FLYOVER NO NOISE ABATEMENT 1:5 TO 15-0 ac mnCMmcaS, LATERAL 13-0 TO 16°5 13-0 TO 17-0 APPROACH 9:5 TO 15°5 5°5 TO 6-0RA-rO.L PROJECT pac R/STOL STUDIES SA @ STUDIES pac n/esTa oor a—— FRESG/Y TER VERS/ON OF OOOFK RK OL, TRANSPORT fan et WEW REAR FUSELAGE & REAR LOADING <2. OO — NEW GIDPELOALING Look, . EN/STING PASSENGER AURFREAME WITH STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING 288,000 764,000 90,000 S00 2400 44,000 8700 A SERIES OF FREIGATER VARIANTS HAVE BEEN STUDIED, THE AIRCRAFT SHOWN /§ BASED ON A 4O000FT, RIAL. DESIGN & GIVES OPTIMUM FASSENGER OR FREIGHT CAPABILITY.FTO.L PROJECT gac R/STOL STUDIES SK STUDIES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM DESIGN RANGE & TAKE-OFF DISTANCE FOR SOOMM,. WHEN OPERATING AT MAXIMUM RANGE-ALL DESIGNS ACHIEVE SIMILAR PERFORMANCE STANDARDS. 3000 T 1 | | 3 | GOOD FLEXIBILITY TO CATER | % 2500: | FOR VARIATION IN AIRFIELD wis ALTITUDE & TEMPERATURE. Oz — 5OON.M OPERATION <4 20004 —t = + 3 s 2 w = is004 | i ad \ RANGE ‘OF | ze | \ | OESIGNS- | z 2 10004+-—+ = a t | ox INADEQUATE FLEXIBILITY TO CATER i ae FOR VARIATION IN AIRFIELD | | | S 500 ALTITUDE & TEMPERATURE | | — SOO N-M OPERATION | | | | | | | | ! | 6000 7000 FOR SOONM (SL. ISA+IO'C) 3000 4000 8000RO0.L PROJECT AC R/STOL STUDIES STUDIES pacresroasae= AO VARIATION OF No. OF PASSENGERS & DOC. WITH RANGE KELP LENGTH: TWIN-ENG/NED A/RCRA: (2X B.2)1 @ 4. POOR ELST) NO. OF PAK. iON =FT: (Bok- 1SA410%) REL, DOC. \ 00 ih, OPER —_ 90 4 FOR deg oe ( INDARY 10 oH 4-12 150- 28g, i XCHANGE 0; OK Bayo. CATERING S STANDARD. NOTE ~ THIS DIAGRAM INDICATES TRENDS RATHER THAN EXACT VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS SHOWN —-L:0.06. WER SOON. MN,RTO.L PROJECT BAC R/STOL STUDIES SK ® STUDIES _ o_o VARIATION OF DOC. U/TH RANGE & FIELD LENGTH TWIN-ENG/NED AIRCRAFT RELATIVE DAC. RELATE BOL. K-1KED PAYLOAD. IN. Ma “PIXED ENGINES 4-2 aanok oo" 8. APPROX) 71-4 0-9. 0-8 * NOTE ~ THIS DIAGRANL [INDICATES CHANGE OF CATERING TRENDS RATHER THAN EXACT STANDARD. VALUES OF THM AARAMETERS SHOWN. ~D.O.Cs. OVER SOONM.RrO.L PROJECT sac R/STOL STUDIES SA STUDIES a Z® CONCLUS/ONS %A FLEXIBLE C/RTOL AIRCRAFT IN THE 200 SEAT CATEGORY cole ee DESIGNED AROUND RB.Z11 OR GEM, S6 TYPE ENGINES TO — BIOL, CAPABILITY AT SHORT RANGE — C%0.L. CAPAB/LITY AT MEDIUM RANGE. @4 OTOL, AIRCRAFT DESIGNED FOR MIN BROGAT 2200NN, RANGE — AQMIEVES 4OOOFT TAKE-OFE FIELD LENGTH AT SOONM, RANGE — GIVES ABOUT 4000FT LANDING Fk, (TO BGAR. ClOL, RULES.) —WAS AN ALL-ENGINE CLIMB GRADIENT OF 21% WITH 2 ENGINES & ABOUT 16% WITH 3 OR 4 ENGINES. ONYSE LEVELS RELATIVE TO FAR PSO — AT LEAST 9 EPNAB. BELOW FOR RE Ok, OPERATIONS — AT LEAST SEPNGB. BELOW FOR CT0.L, OPERATIONS. © WE DOC. PENALTY PER 1%e INCREASE (NV CLIMB GRADIENT (FOR ATC OR NOSE REASONS) 1S APPROXIMATELY 2% FOR FIXED ENGINES & 1V0 FOR F/KED PAYLOAD.RIO. PROJECT a aS BAC R/STOL STUDIES Ke ® SHORT TERM CONTINUATION STUDIES @ REVISION OF TWIN RB 2il RTOL DESIGNS TO INCORPORATE ALL THE RESULTS OF PREVIOUS DETAILED STUDIES. HIGH & LOW WING DESIGNS WITH UNDERWING ENGINES. @ EFFECT ON D.O.C.& FUEL USAGE OF CHANGES IN FLIGHT PROFILE. LOW WING DESIGN WITH 2x RB2il ENGINES UNDERWING, — LOW WING DESIGN WITH 3x CFM56 ENGINES, @ POSSIBLE USE OF EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAPS FOR STEEP APROACHES ON C/RTOL AIRCRAFT. — COMPARISON BETWEEN C/RTOL DESIGNS WITH MECH FLAP &EBE — ENGINE POSITION APPRAISAL, INTEGRATING PERFORMANCE , FLUTTER & NOISE STUDIES. ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING €.B. F. WIND TUNNEL TESTS.STO.L PROJECT STUDIES JSTO.L PROJECT eee BAC R/STOL STUDIES 3% ©) OBJECTIVES @ TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE, INCLUDING D.O.C. & COMMUNITY NOISE LEVELS, OF ‘ENGINEERED’ 4- ENGINED TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT WITH FIXED DATUM PAYLOAD. * a AT 5OON.M. RANGE FROM TWO STOL FIELD LENGTHS (WITH BUILT-IN 870 N.M, RANGE CAPABILITY.) _ USING SCALED RB4IO—II ENGINES. MECHANICAL —_ WITH 3 ALTERNATIVE FLAP SYSTEMS INTERNALLY BLOWN EXTERNALLY BLOWN @ TO ASSESS ENGINEERING IMPLICATIONS OF THE ALTERNATIVE FLAP SYSTEMS & TO PROVIDE CORRESPONDING WEIGHT DATA. @ TO OBTAIN BASIC AERODYNAMIC & ACOUSTIC DATA FOR THE &BF SYSTEM BY TUNNEL TESTS. 3% DATUM PAYLOAD ESTABLISHED FOR 2000 FT. F.L. A/C. WITH MECH. FLAP & BROCHURE ENGINE.BRITISH AIRCRAFT CORPORATION R/STOL STUDIES a REPORT No.=PRO,250/4/7685 Vol4 eR Ainchart 7 ‘ (eamniica a Maron) COMMON FUSELAGE ‘CROSS-SECTION ‘atin. DIA. 89 PASSENGERS, SABREAST AT 34in.PICH— EOL AIRCRAFT 27 , : (faxnaaon a @o10L8-encn) Le eanasioe AIRCBATE 28. Wing Area, 46820q.t. 2B A108 a omens Wing Arca 1,223 sq tt, a 2,000ft.FIELD LENGTH “25008 » on vo ALTERNATIVE SEAT LAYOUT, 108 PASSENGERS, 6 ABREAST. ‘AT 341n.PITCH. cm AIRCRAFT 30 (4xRB.¢108 01 13,360LB. each) ‘Wing Aree, 1100 sq.ft. STOL. AIRCRAFT PROJECT STUDIES (2-2,500ft. FIELD LENGTH)DEVA/LED ENGINEERING STUDIES OF 5 FLAP SYSTEMS TRLE SLOTTED, REARWARD MECHANICAL TRACKING, VANE GAP CLOSED FiAP AT 770. SETTING. AEPODYNAM oN SES BASED ON MAL.P Ry (APPROACH &, 2.56) \ _ REARWARD TRACKING, INTERNALLY SYELERENT BLOWING S07" SLOWN FLAP SIZES FOR 70,& LANDING: AERODYNAMICS BASED ON PRELIMINARY ASSESSNENTS. (A2220ACH &, 2.56) DOWBaE SLOTTED. REARWARD EXTERNALLY’ TRACKING: VANE GAP CLOSED SLOWUN FLAP AT 70. SETTING. AERODYNAMICS BASED ON W/T TESTS ON RAZMODELS 970/478. (APPROACH G 4.28)S7.0.L PROJECT Suniea BAC R/STOL STUDIES SK EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAP W/F TESTS, OBTECTVE — 70 OBTAIN A FUNDAMENTAL APPRECIATION OF Tlie OPERATION OF BLOWN FLAPS TO ENABLE THEORETICAL PREDICTION METHODS 70 BE EVOLVED, SPOILER SCOPE — L/F7, DRAG & THRUST RECOVERY MEASUREMENTS WITH VARYING DEGREES OF IMPINGEMENT OV DOUBLE SLOTTED FLAPS. — EFFECTS OF SPOWLER DEFLECTION — PRESSURE PLOTTING & WANE TRAVERSE.STO.L PROJECT sac R/STOL STUDIES 3K STUDIES a £@ ZEE WIND TUNNEL TESTS ~RESULTS, O MEASURED FORCE & THRUST RECOVERY DATA BROADLY CONFIRMED PREVIOUS PROTECT 3 SETINATES. TEST RESULTS b= 45 WITH VARYING INTERFERENCE, “SS PROJECT ASSUMPTION m a FOR VARYING FLAP ANGLE @ABOUT HALF THE LIFT 0 eb. = 45° INCREMENT /S DIRECTLY ° 10 ex® 20 z QYVE TO SET IMPINGE = MEASURED LIFT CURVES JET TURNING EFFICIENCY (WIND OFF MENT AND OCCURS (NV AVERY LOCALISED AREA, ®SPO/LER EFLECTVENESS ON LIET —REDUCED WITH BLOW (ROLL CONTROL PROB LEMP) ° SPANWISE STATION 9 ‘TYPICAL SPANWISE GRADING @ANALYSIS OF FLOW MEASUREMENTS (BY 2.A.£) — CONTRIBUTES TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF TH MECHANICS OF LIFT DEVELOPMENT:S7TO.L PROJECT BAC R/STOL STUDIES A STUDIES _—_——ss—a——O Z® VARIATION OF D.OC. WITH FIELD LENGTH: @ ENGINE RATING ADJUSTMENTS ‘COULD REDUCE D.0.C. WITH EBF 1.05 BY ABOUT 2%. afc28 1.04AC2 @Q, 7 “Ry, Mae A1C27 Oy, May Oy re» IN SEAT MILE COST RELATIVE TO A/C 26 AT SOO N-M 0.95 RNa Rap Rap A S4p Lon ™ iN ™ alc 31 0-9 A/C 30 Alc29 — : 2000 2500 500 .N.M DESIGN FIELD LENGTH -FEETS7.0.L PROJECT spac R/STOL STUDIES 3% © STUDIES —— OP NOUSE CONTOURS (| FIELD LENGTH 2,00 [STOL AIRCRAFT 90 PNdB NOISE CONTOURS) © ( Rance ri armour 26 «dd ee Ap LEAST 14,7 EPNaB BELOW FAR PT.36 AT AIRCRAFT 27 MEASURING POINTS - OT 0 vse | Sear iss ss AT 4.7 EPNGB BELOW, a7 YP? TXTERIALLY. BLOWN FLAP AMY y 2,000 Fr. i210 8 6 4 2 oe Distance from Threshold | Distance from Start of Roll FEET/1,000 [COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL AIRCRAFT 90 PNdB Contour for a Twin-Jet Aircraft just meeting FAR Pt. 36, = employing Noise Abatement Technique. ‘Envelope of 90 PNdB Contours for STOL Aircraft 26, 27, 28. 5040 30 20 10 10 20 30 «40 «50 «60 70 Distance from Threshold | Distance from Start’ of Roll FEET/1,000STO.L PROJECT geac R/STOL STUDIES SK STUDIES BAC R/STOR ST PAS CONCLUS/ONS ® SIMILAR DOC’S ARE REALISED FOR AIRCRAFT WITH THE ALTERNATIVE FLAP SYSTEMS STUDIED (MECH, 1BF, EBF) WHEN OPERATING FROM 2000/2500 FT. FIELD LENGTHS WITH FIXED PAYLOAD. e@ A STOL AIRCRAFT WITH EBF HAS A GREATER POTENTIAL FOR HIGHER OPTIMUM CRUISE SPEEDS. ® NOISE LEVELS ARE WELL WITHIN FAR PT.36 REQUIREMENTS.OVERALL CONCLUSIONS KOVERALL BAC R/STOL STUDIES SK CONCLUSIONS f ZO @ A MEDIUM RANGE CIT.OL. AIRCRAFT CAN HAVE R.T.OL. CAPABILITY OVER SHORT RANGES WITH NO SIGNIFICANT D.O.C. PENALTY. @ THERE IS A LARGE PENALTY FOR PROVIDING S.T.O.L. CAPABILITY WHICH IS SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME FOR THE THREE HIGH LIFT SYSTEMS STUDIED. @ NO INSUPERABLE TECHNICAL OR ENGINEERING PROBLEMS HAVE EMERGED BUT AREAS IN WHICH FURTHER WORK IS REQUIRED HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED.