FIGHTING INFECTIOUS

DISEASES
And why its so difficult.

VACCINES

What are they?

How do they work?

ARE THEY SAFE?

WHAT IS A VACCINE?

A product that stimulates a persons immune

system to produce immunity to a specific disease,
protecting the person from that disease.
-Center for Disease Control

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

429 BCE - Greek historian

Thucydides notices that
people who survive
smallpox do not get
smallpox again

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

900 CE - Chinese variolation

The aim was to prevent

smallpox by exposing healthy
people to tissue from the
scabs caused by the
diseaseby either putting it
under the skin orinserting
powdered scabs from
smallpox pustules up the
nose. - www.nhs.uk

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

In the late 18th century, the

English scientist Edward
Jenner noticed that milkmaids
were immune to smallpox.

He hypothesized that this

was because they were
exposed to a very similar ,
less dangerous virus cowpox.

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

Jenner tested his hypothesis

in 1796 when he put the pus
from a milkmaids blisters
under the skin of both arms
of an 8-year-old boy.

The boy got a little sick,

recovered, and was not
infected with smallpox.

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

In the early 20th century,

the polio virus causes fear
throughout the United
States.

In 1952, there are 58,000

cases reported - 3,145
people die, and 21,000+
are paralyzed

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

including President Franklin

D. Roosevelt

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

and thousands of children.

ORIGINS OF VACCINES

In 1955 -after years of

research - Dr. Jonas Salk
successfully creates a
vaccine for polio virus.

He immediately becomes
an American hero.

HOW DOES A VACCINE

WORK?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=rb7TVW77ZCs

ARE VACCINES SAFE?!

Yes.

Yes, they are.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=d8uRYqsu2W4

ANTIBIOTICS

What are they?

How do they work?

Will they always work??

WHAT IS AN ANTIBIOTIC?

A natural or synthetic
chemical that is fatal to
bacterial cells, but not to
human cells.

eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic

DISCOVERED BY ACCIDENT!

Scottish biologist Alexander

Fleming found in 1928 that
a common fungus (Penicillin
notatum) destroyed
staphylococcus bacteria.

His discovery was an

accident, but it changed the
world and saved millions of
lives.

SUPERBUGS

Superbugs are a very

serious problem today.

antibiotic resistance

overuse of hand sanitizer

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=znnp-Ivj2ek

BONUS INFO - EBOLA VIRUS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=UMMwgvLmN-M&ebc=ANyPxKr4w0lnHYj5PdIAlHLl_85nV853Sx5bHoNTRMCtx3adSiCL1MLs1yt
nnL7jnwJKRA_3pCcgeTpKDQqUSIX9aupLi76w