University of Idaho

HS 490 Health Promotion

Interventions
Assignment 3

Professor Helen Brown- Spring 2016

Name:
Health Topic, Target (can be a primary and secondary target) and Location (must be
clearly defined):

NAME: Tyler giery

Intervention Research- Web Site- 15 pts.

#1

Review a website with intervention strategies related to your topic.

Website and Link: http://smsmf.org/smsf-programs/pep-program
APA citation of website: SMSMF. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from
http://smsmf.org/smsf-programs/pep-program
General Purpose of the Website
(e.g., what type of information presented, What populations are addressed?)
Different prevention techniques that focus on strength, plyometrics, agility, stretching, and
other exercises are used in order to help with the prevention of knee injuries. The primary
population
being addressed is an older high school athlete or a collegiate athlete, although a
Directions
separate program for a younger population is available on the same website.

The following pages guide you on each step of this assignment. You

What did you learn about effective interventions for your topic? Answer the
will below
look for
intervention
resources
on web sites, class readings, class
questions
and
add additional
comments.

notes and peer reviewed journals (Research Notes 1-3). You will pull it

What intervention tools and resources are available? The Pep program uses a lot of
all together and create an evidence based plan based on your findings
tools and resources that athletes, especially in high school and college will have access to.
it All
Together)
and include
references,
APA format.
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What are the top recommended interventions? In order to get the most out of the
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Research Notes-Website Review -15 points

Is there an evidence base for the recommended interventions? (Make sure the
Intervention Research Readings- 15 points
website is useful to your topic). The combination of a proper warm up, stretching,
Research
NotesArticles-Peer
Reviewed
30 points
strengthening,
plyometrics,
and sport
specific agility
drills shown
to help with reducing knee
injuries.
Pulling it All Together- 30 points

Unlike the other assignments you will submit in this in hard copy
in class and also on Bblearn.

Critical thinking and relation to your health promotion topic

What did you learn from the website that you can apply to your project? Organize by
answering # 1-3 below:
1) Intervention activities that are appropriate for your project? Strength, sport specific agility,

plyometric drills, and stretching/recovery.

2) Useful tools and resources, including health education/promotion resources? Agility drill
tools such as agility ladders, cones, and flags. Other tools that should be available would be
some kind of boxes for box jumps or depth jumps. Other resources needed would be coaches
or trainers in order to teach and supervise athletes for proper technique and form.
3) Other resources- give web links for at least two other helpful resources the web page
directed you to and write 1-2 sentences about what you was helpful about each site.
http://smsmf.org/files/PEP_Program_04122011.pdf - Gives all the specific and overall ideas
and also how to execute the different parts of the program. Also helped with giving some
useful tips as to how to set up different drills or form and technique for different exercises.

http://smsmf.org/smsf-programs/pep-program/stretching - This webpage gives a good

stretching routine for the athletes to complete after the other parts of the program have been
completed. Targets all the muscles of the legs, but I was hoping that a full body stretching
routine would be provided.

#2 Intervention Research Readings- 15 pts.

General Intervention Considerations- Answer the following using lectures and
readings. 1 paragraph for each.
1. Health Behavior Theory- Identify the theory (or theories) that is most important to
guide your intervention and discuss how that theory will guide interventions. (See
Theories at a Glance). I believe that the most important theory is the Health Belief
Model. Although its more geared towards disease, I think that this is could also be
used towards injuries and why athletes dont partake in a lot of the prevention
techniques.
2. Spectrum of Prevention- Based on the reading from the Prevention Institute-what levels
of prevention are most important for your topic/target and location? The type/level of
change desired will direct you to types of interventions that will have the most impact.
I feel that changing organizational practices is the most important. Seeing that most
schools have a strength and conditioning coach with the proper tools, I think that it
should be required that knee injury practices be included into their time for their
workouts. Seeing that the individuals more than likely have the knowledge and skills as
a coach, they are able to promote education to the athletes they work with, they
themselves are the providers and are educated on prevention techniques, and
coalitions and networks have been formed in the school are all already there.
3. Discuss what you learned about the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors that
are most related to the health behaviors you are trying to change. Different factors
that contribute to this problem could be anatomy, physiology, lack of training in
athletes, and taking athletes through different prevention techniques.

#3 RESEARCH ARTICLES PEER REVEIWED- 1 of 3

3 peer reviewed research articles needed- 1 can be a review article. You do not
need to use this box format, you can use a word doc and include the headings
below. 10 pt. each -30 pt. total
APA Citation of article
Birth Control Pills Linked to Fewer Severe Knee Injuries in Teen Girls: MedlinePlus. (2016,
March 18). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_157931.html

Participants or population reached

23,000 girls between the ages of 15 to 19 in the United States.

Describe the intervention and its effectiveness

Briefly describe the intervention what did they do? What was unique or most
interesting to you? The researchers looked at females who either do or do not use birth
control pills and if they happen to need ACL surgery if they have an injury.

What did you learn about the effectiveness of the intervention? The girls with the
highest rates of ACL surgery were less likely to be taking birth control pills. If future
studies confirm this, this could be added to a list as an injury prevention risk.

If a health behavior theory was identified, briefly discuss which one was used and how
it shaped the intervention?

For what were the main conclusions about the interventions reached by the author(s)
including limitations? Taking birth control pills may put females at more of a risk to
knee injury. Researchers have theorized that the female hormone, estrogen, may make
women more vulnerable to ACL injuries because estrogen may weaken the ligament. A
previous study found that women have a greater risk of ACL injury during their
menstrual cycle when estrogen levels are high.

Critical thinking and relation to your project

What did you learn from this research/intervention that can be applied to you project?
Taking birth control pills may increase the risk of knee injuries to female athletes. Also,
hormones play a pretty big role in preventing or causing injury.

What would you need to do to adapt the intervention to fit your population and
why? Informing the athletes and their parents or spouses about the risks of
birth control pills and the role that the endocrine system and hormones plays on
injuries.

#3 RESEARCH ARTICLES PEER REVEIWED- 2 of 3

APA Citation
Grimm, N. L., Jacobs, J. C., Jr., Kim, J., Denny, B. S., & Shea, K. G. (2014, December 1). Anterior
Cruciate Ligament and Knee Injury Prevention Programs for Soccer Players. Retrieved April
12, 2016, from http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/43/8/2049

Participants or population reached

11,562 athletes, 7889 of those had ACL specific injuries.
Describe the intervention and its effectiveness

Briefly describe the intervention what did they do? What was unique or most
interesting to you? The research article itself is a meta-analysis of nine other studies.
This study compared different groups that looked at knee injury prevention programs.
They did find that a significant reduction in risk of knee injury was found in the
prevention groups.

What did you learn about the effectiveness of the intervention? Not much towards
specific prevention programs, but that knee injury prevention is possible, although not
specifically for ACL injuries.

If a health behavior theory was identified, briefly discuss which one was used and how
it shaped the intervention?

For what were the main conclusions about the interventions reached by the author(s)
including limitations? Knee injury prevention is possible, but limiting and targeting ACL
injuries specifically is a little more difficult.

Critical thinking and relation to your project

What did you learn from this research/intervention that can be applied to you project?
Knee injury prevention is possible, but specifically preventing ACL injuries is a little
more difficult and more work and research must be done in order to specifically target
ACL injuries.

What would you need to do to adapt the intervention to fit your population and
why? In order for an intervention to be successful, it would need to use a
number of different approaches.

#3 RESEARCH ARTICLES PEER REVEIWED 3 of 3

APA Citation
Michaelidis, M., & Koumantakis, G. A. (2014). Effects of knee injury primary prevention
programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in female athletes in different sports: A
systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 15(3), 200-210. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.12.002
Participants or population reached
Female athletes.
Describe the intervention and its effectiveness

Briefly describe the intervention what did they do? What was unique or most
interesting to you? Another meta-analysis that looked at knee injuries in female knee
injury prevention for female athletes in non-contact sports.

What did you learn about the effectiveness of the intervention? 3 of the female soccer
programs which resulted in significantly less ACL injuries used the PEP program, the
HPT, and the WALDEN. All were multicomponent, including strength, stretching,
strengthening, plyometrics, and agility training.

If a health behavior theory was identified, briefly discuss which one was used and how
it shaped the intervention?

For what were the main conclusions about the interventions reached by the author(s)
including limitations? Different sports may have different biomechanical predisposing
factors, such as a sport requiring more cutting and planting. Also there was a sparsity
in the variety of sports.

Critical thinking and relation to your project

What did you learn from this research/intervention that can be applied to you project?
Most successful programs use a multifaceted approach, focusing on dynamic
stabilization, strength training for the trunk, upper and lower body as well as sport
specific agility training paired with education and feedback on correct technique.

What would you need to do to adapt the intervention to fit your population and
why? Include different types of exercises in order to help with knee injuries for
female athletes.

Pulling it All Together- 30 pts.

1. Select a performance measure target based on the Healthy People
2020 objectives or Healthy Campus 2020 as appropriate. If you have an
emerging issue without a performance measure, please see me to discuss an
alternative. 1 pt.
Example: Youth 30 day use of tobacco will decrease from 15% to 10% by 2020.
2. Deciding on strategies for interventions (must be appropriate for target(s).
7 pt. each- 21 pts.
Based on the intervention activities discussed in class (see ppt) and the findings
of the literature, select the 3 most important types of interventions for your
project and list 4-5 strategies for each strategy. These strategies need to be
related to evidence based practices. For a stronger paper, cite the literature
and/or evidence based practice from the intervention registries provided in class
(see intervention ppt. slide). Add enough information about the intervention
strategies selected that it is clear what the intervention will accomplish.
Generally a grant would ask for a narrative of the intervention; for this
assignment, detailed bullets are sufficient.
1. Individual interventions
a. Agility drills
b. Plyometrics
c. Strength training
d. Stretching

2. Group interventions
a. Proper warm up before skill practice sessions
b. Proper warm up before strength training sessions
c. Proper recovery after skill practice sessions
d. Proper recovery after strength training sessions
3. Population based interventions
a. Public awareness to the athletes and other coaches
b. Changing policy and requiring strength coaches to build recovery time
into their programs
c. Enforcing those new policies
d. Seeing how many athletes participate in knee prevention techniques

3. Potential for Success- 8 pts (critical thinking questions)

a.) I think that the biggest thing in order to prevent ACL injuries in athletes, a
combination of a proper warm up, different types of training, including
neuromuscular training, and a proper way to recover such as stretching and
foam rolling all need to be included. It was found that a combination of
different aspects of fitness, paired with a proper warm up and recovery
session afterwards such as the PEP program, the HPT program, and WALDEN
all seemed to help with the prevention of knee injuries (MIchaelidis, 2014).
b.) Another thing that needs to be improved is that the education of knee injuries
and different risk factors that can put an athlete at an increased risk. A lot of
colleges tend to talk about different aspects of campus life such as partying
and the time commitments, but a lot of colleges just hand the athletes a
small book of pamphlet talking about the legalities and other parts of campus
life. A lot of athletes just dont really know how to or how important that knee
injury prevention techniques can be.

c.) I think a big thing that could help a lot is the success of a knee injury
prevention program. Whether the school is successful or not as successful as
other schools in terms of winning games, if a knee injury prevention program
starts to work, more and more athletes will be coming to that school, possibly
increasing the caliber of the athletes that they have coming through. Not only
will the caliber of the athlete increase, but those athletes will be able to play
longer and stay healthier, allowing the athlete to get the most out of their
opportunity, and the school to also get as much out of the athlete as it had
hoped for.

Birth Control Pills Linked to Fewer Severe Knee Injuries in Teen Girls:
MedlinePlus. (2016, March 18). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_157931.html
Grimm, N. L., Jacobs, J. C., Jr., Kim, J., Denny, B. S., & Shea, K. G. (2014,
December 1). Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Knee Injury Prevention
Programs for Soccer Players. Retrieved April 12, 2016, from
http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/43/8/2049
Michaelidis, M., & Koumantakis, G. A. (2014). Effects of knee injury primary
prevention programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in
female athletes in different sports: A systematic review. Physical
Therapy in Sport, 15(3), 200-210. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.12.002
SMSMF. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from http://smsmf.org/smsfprograms/pep-program