Name: __________________________ Period: __________ Date: ___________________

Chemistry: Chapter 14 Acids and Bases and 15.1 Aqueous Solutions and the Concept of pH Study Guide
Fill in the blank with the proper term
1. binary acid: acid that contains only two different elements
2. oxyacid: acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element
3. Arrhenius acid: compound that increases the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution
4. Arrhenius base: substance that increases the concentration of OH- in aqueous solution
5. strong acid: acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution
6. weak acid: acid that releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
7. Brnsted-Lowry acid: molecule or ion that is a proton donor
8. Brnsted-Lowry base: molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor
9. Brnsted-Lowry acid-base reaction: protons are transferred from one reactant to another
10. monoprotic acid: acid that can only donate one proton per molecule
11. polyprotic acid: acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule
12. Lewis acid: accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond
13. Lewis base: donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond
14. conjugate base: species that remains after a Brnsted-Lowry acid donates a proton
15. conjugate acid: species that is formed after a Brnsted-Lowry base accepts a proton
16. amphoteric: species that can react as either an acid or base
17. neutralization: reaction of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions form water molecules
18. Name each of the following useful acids and state one fact or use for each of them:
a. HCl: hydrochloric acid (stomach acid, iron and steel treating, cleaning agent, food processing, pool chlorine
levels)
b. CH3COOH: acetic acid (vinegar, plastics, food supplements)
c. H2SO4: sulfuric acid (acid rain, industrial chemical, metals, paper, paint, dyes, detergent)
d. H3PO4: phosphoric acid (fertilizers, animal feed, flavor agent, cleaning agent, detergent, ceramics)
e. HNO3: nitric acid (explosives, rubber, plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals)
19. Write the formula for each of the acids:
a. Hydrochloric acid: HCl
b. Hydrobromic acid: HBr
c. Hydrosulfuric acid: H2S
d. Hydrofluoric acid: HF
e. Hydriodic acid: HI
20. Write the formula for the oxyacid that is paired with each of these oxyanions:
a. PO33- H3PO3
b. ClO- HClO

c. CO32- H2CO3
21. Write the products formed in the ionization of these Arrhenius acids:
a. HI + H2O H3O+ + Ib. H2SO4 + H2O H3O+ + HSO4c. H3PO4 + H2O H3O+ + H2PO422. Write the products formed in the ionization of these Arrhenius bases:
a. Ca(OH)2 2OH- + Ca2+
b. KOH OH- + K+
c. NaOH OH- + Na+
23. Determine if each of the following reactions represents the ionization of a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or
weak base:
a. HClO3 + H2O H3O+ + ClO3- strong acid
b. Sr(OH)2 Sr2+ + 2OH- strong base
c. H2S + H2O H3O+ + HS- weak acid
24. Identify the Brnsted-Lowry acid and Brnsted-Lowry base in each of the following reactions:
a. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl Acid: HCl
Base: H2O
b. HCl + NH3 NH4+ + Cl Acid: HCl
Base: NH3
c. H3PO4 + H2O H3O+ + H2PO4 Acid: H3PO4
Base: H2O
25. State whether each of the following acids is monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic
a. H2SO4: diprotic
b. HF: monoprotic
c. H3PO4: triprotic
26. Write out the conjugate base for each of the following acids:
a. CH3COOH CH3COOb. H2SO4 HSO4c. HNO3 NO3d. HF F27. Indicate the direction of the reaction by using the correct arrow in the following reactions (use table on pg. 459):
a. H3O+ + Cl- ________ HCl + H2O
b. HClO4 + H2O ________ H3O+ + ClO4c. CH3COOH + H2O _______ H3O+ + CH3COO28. Determine the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of these reactions:
a. H+ + NH3 NH4+
H: Lewis acid
NH3: Lewis base
b. BF3 + NH3 BF3NH3
BF3: Lewis acid
NH3: Lewis base
29. Identify the range of pH values that correspond to each type of substance and the color it changes pH litmus
paper:
a. acid: 0 - <7 (pink/red)
b. base: >7 - 14 (blue)
c. neutral: 7 (purple)

30. Calculate the pH and pOH values for solutions with the given [H3O+] concentrations and state if the solution is
acidic, basic, or neutral:
a. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-7
a. pH = 7
b. pOH = 7
c. neutral
b. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-12
a. pH = 12
b. pOH = 2
c. basic
c. [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-4
a. pH = 4
b. pOH = 10
c. acidic
31. What is the equation for the water dissociation constant?
Kw = [H3O+] + [OH-]
or
1 x 10-14 = [H3O+] + [OH-]