DR Ko Ko Second Final Book

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xufydkjyojcif;/
2 .2/
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2 .22 .2/
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2 .22 .4/
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2 .22 .44 .11 pyg;yif t m;ppf a q;Munf h S L jcif ;
2 .22 .44 .11 .11 pyg;yif N rH K rsm;
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2 .22 .44 .11 .22 pyg;yif y G m ;pk p k a ygif ;
yifymG ;qdo
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2 .22 .44 .11 .33 pyg;&G u f p k p k a ygif ;
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2 .22 .44 .11 .55 tif ; quf z suf y d k ; rsm;

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .11 pyg;qpf y k d ; zsuf q D ; rI v u P m
tl y k w f j cif ;
tlyw
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tlykwfjcif;
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Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

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(yifyGm;tajcmufrsm;)udk a&wGufyg/
10
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .22 pyg;&G u f v d y f y d k ; zsuf q D ; rI v u P m

pyg;yifrsm;wGif a[mif;avmif;
ayguf vdrfacgufaeaom t&Gufrsm;wGif
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wGif vdraf cgufaeaom &Guv
f yd rf sm;pGmudk
ndK;EGrf;pGm awGU&onf/
pyg;&Gufvdyfydk;zsufqD;rIvuPmESifh
pyg;&Gufvdyfydk; avmufaumifyHk

pyg;&Gu\
f 30 ausmf zsufq;D cH&aomtcg pyg;yifNrHKwpfcpk &D dS vdraf cguf
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a&mif wpfSL;udk jcpfxkwfypfaomaMumifh pyg;&Gufrsm;onf jzLNyD; ajcmufaoGU
vmonf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .33 o&pf y d k ; zsuf q D ; rI v u P m
ysdK;yifi,frsm;\ pyg;&Gufrsm;ay:
wGif t0ga&mif odUk r[kwf aiGa&mif tpif;
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ajcmufaoGUjcif;udk o&pfy;kd taumifi,fEiS hf
t&G,fa&mufaumifwdkUESifhtwl owdjyKrd
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11

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aom vuPmrsm;&Sdonfh zsufqD;cHxm;&aom pyg;&Gufrsm;udk a&wGufyg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .44 &G u f v d y f t d r f y d k ; zsuf q D ; xm;aom pyg;&G u f r sm;
&Gufvdyftdrfydk; zsufqD;xm;
aom pyg;&Gufrsm;onf tjzLa&mif
jzpfvmNyD; yg;vTmNyD;ajcmufaoGUvm
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udu
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rsm;udk uwfaus;jzihf jzwfxm;ouho
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aumifrsm;onf vdarmaf &mif OD;acgif;&Su
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Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f vk y f i ef ; pOf
pyg;yifNrHKwpfckvQif &Gufvdyftdrfydk; zsufqD;xm;aom pyg;&Gufrsm;udk
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2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .55 avmif r D ; yd k ; zsuf q D ; xm;aom pyg;&G u f r sm;
tpdrf;a&mifuvdkkdzD;vfudk
avmif r D ; yd k ; t&G , f a &muf a umif u
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u jyKvkyfxm;aom aumufauGU
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aom pyg;&Gufrsm; tjzLa&mifjzpf
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12
wpfavQmufwiG f yg;vTmaom tuGurf sm; odUk r[kwf pyg;&Guzf sm; teD;wGif tzkrsm;udk
awGU&onf/
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rSwfom;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .66 avmif r D ; yd k ; t&G , f a &muf a umif
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if;\ zsufqD;rIvuPm
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13

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14
Munh f & I a vh v m&ef w G u f enf ; vrf ;

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2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .99 vd I i f ; wG e f Y y H k t pif ; aMumif ; yg &G u f p m;jzKwf y d k ;
taumif i ,f r sm;onf xd y f
ydik ;f wGif tndKa&miftuGurf sm;&SMd uNyD;
tndK&ifha&mif &iftkyfydkif;ESifh tjzL
a&mif 0rf;Adkufydkif;wdkU yg&SdMuonf/
t&G , f a &muf a umif r sm;onf a&S U
awmifyHrsm; tjzLESifh tndKa&mif
vdIif;wGefUyHkpHrsm; yg&Sdonf/
vdIif;wGefYyHktpif;aMumif;yg
&Gufpm;jzKwfydk; t&G,fa&mufaumif
15
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .10

10 tpd r f ; a&mif & G u f p m;jzKwf y d k ;
tpdrf;a&mif &Gufpm;jzKwfydk;taumifi,frsm;ESifh
tpdrf;a&mif&Gufpm;jzKwfydk; rsKd;
pd w f a ygif ; rsm;pG m awG U &wwf o nf /
taumifi,f rsm;onf tpdr;f azsmh odUk r
[kwf pdr;f 0ga&mif&o
dS nf/ t&G,af &muf
aumifrsm;onf oyfyHkpH&SdNyD; tpdrf;a&mif
tpufr sm; yg&S d w wf NyD ; tcsd K UwG i f xd k
tuGurf sm; ryg&Sw
d wfyg/ rsdK;pdwt
f m;vH;k
wdkUwGif awmifyHxdyfzsm; teufa&mif
tuGufrsm;yg&Sdwwfonf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .11

11 &G u f p m;jzKwf j zLyd k ;
OD;acgif;\xdyw
f nfw
h nfw
h iG f teufa&miftpuf&NdS yD; jzKwfy;kd tm;vH;k xJwiG f
tBuD;qHk;jzpfonf/ a&SUawmifyHrsm;ay:wGif tndKa&mifrsOf;aMumif;rSdefrSdefrsm;udk
awGU&onf/
Munh f & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f vk y f i ef ; pOf
jzKwfndKESifh ausmjzLjzKwfydk;wdkYuvGJ vdIif;wGefUyHktpif;aMumif;yg jzKwfydk;?
tpdr;f a&mifEiS hf tjzLa&mif&u
G pf m;jzKwfy;dk wdUk udk awGU&dyS gu if;wdUk udk twlwal &wGuf
NyD; ]]tjcm; jzKwfydk;rsm;}} [l jznhfpGufyg/ pyg;yifNrHKwpfckcsif;pDrS jzKwfndKESifh
ausmjzLjzKwfy;kd wdu
Yk vG
J jzKwfy;kd tm;vH;k \ taumifi,frsm;ESihf t&G,af &mufaumif
ta&twGufwdkUudk a&wGufyg/
16
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .12

12 Muuf o G e f N rd w f y d k ;
MuufoeG Nf rdwyf ;kd usa&muf zsuf
qD;jcif;onf MuufoeG Nf rdwyf pkH EH iS w
hf al om
vdIPfacgif;yHk usD;aygif;udk jzpfaponf/
us;D aygif;onf aiGjzLa&mif a[mif;avmif;
ayguf>yefjzpfNyD; 1-pifwDrDwm tus,f
&SNd yD; 10pifwrD w
D mrS 30 pifwD rDwmtxd
&Snfonf/ zsufqD;cH&aom yifyGm;rsm;
onf pyg;ESHxGufedkifjcif; r&Sdawmhyg/
MuufoGefNrdwfydk;aMumifhjzpfaom MuufoGefNrdwf
yHkpH pyg;&Gufrsm;
Munf h & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;NrHKwpfckcsif;pDrS MuufoGefNrdwfyHkpH &Sdaom aiGa&mifpyg;&Gufrsm;\ ta&
twGuu
f kd a&wGuyf g/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .13
13 &G u f p m;rT m ;
pyg;&G u f t d r f \ aemuf
zufudk pm;aomufzsufqD;onf/
pm;aomuf zsufq;D jcif;aMumifh jzpf
ay:vmaom 'Pf&mudk pyg;&Guf
tdrf opfBuHUydk;acgufa&mifrS acsm
uvufa&mifodkY jzpfvmjcif;jzifh
ppfaq;awGU&SdEkdifonf/
&Gufpm;rTm;u pyg;yifudk zsufqD;jcif;

pyg;&Gufrsm;ay:wGif rTm; &Sdr&Sd vuPmudk &SmazGyg/ erlem,laom pyg;NrHK
wpfcpk w
D iG f rTm;&Syd gu ]]1}} [krw
S o
f m;NyD; r&Syd gu ]]0}} [k rSwo
f m;yg/
17
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .14

14 ES H p m;rT m ;
ESHpm;rTm;udk omrmefrsufpdjzifh
rjrifawGUEkdifyg/ pyg;&GuftdrftwGif;udk
Munhf LS &ef tenf;qH;k csJUtm; 20x &Sd
aom vufudkifrSefbDvl;vdktyfonf/
rTm;rsm;onf aumufkd;a&mif&Sdonfudk
&S i f ; vif ; pG m jrif a wG U Ek d i f o nf / rT m ;
aumifa&enf;ygu &Guftdrf\twGif;
om;tm; pm;aomufzsufq;D Ekid o
f nfukd
ESHpm;rTm; zsufqD;xm;aom pyg;ESH
jrifawGUEkid o
f nf/ odUk &mwGif rTm;aumif
a&rsm;ygu pyg;aphtygt0if tyif tpdwftydkif; tm;vHk;wdkYwGif awGUEkdifonf/
rTm;aumifa&rsm;ygu pyg;aphESifh &GuftdrfwdkUay:wGif tpif;aMumif;rsm;ESifh tuGuf
rsm;udk awGUEkid o
f nf/ vuPmudk txufwiG f azmfjyxm;aom ESpH m;rTm; wnf&jdS cif;jzifh
twnfjyK&rnf/
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wGif rTm;&Syd gu ]]1}} [krw
S o
f m;NyD; r&Syd gu ]]0}} [k rSwo
f m;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .15
15 pyg;&G u f j zwf c l a umif
avmufaumifrsm; &Syd gu pyg;

&Gurf sm;ajrmufjrm;pGmudk udu
k jf zwfxm;
wwf o nf / qd k ; 0g;pG m usa&muf y gu
v,fcif;xJwiG f EGm;rsm;pm;xm;ouho
J Ykd
jzpfaewwfonf/ t&G,af &muf avmuf
aumifrsm;onf 4 - pifwrD w
D m eD;yg;
&SdNyD; ausmzufwGif rGJajcmufajcmuf
teufa&mifESifh ausmzufatmufwGif
tvsm;vdu
k f tpif;aMumif;rsm;ESit
hf wl
ysKd;yiftqifhwGif pyg;&Gufjzwfclaumif
zsufqD;xm;yHk
18
cEmud,
k o
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d nf/
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onf/
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twGuu
f kd wGucf sufNyD; if;wdUk udk oD;jcm;pD rSwo
f m;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .16
16 OD;csKdyg pyg;claumif
pyg;&Gufab;om;ESifh &Gufxdyf
zsm;wdkUudk tirf;r& pm;aomufjcif;
aMumifh t&Guw
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rsm; r&Sjd zpfaewwfonf/ avmufaumif
onf OD;csdKyHkESifhwlaom tcReftwuf
ESpfpHk&Sdum cEmudk,frSm pdrf;0ga&mif&Sd
onf/ OD;csdKyHk ESppf w
kH iG f wpfprkH mS OD;acgif;
wGif &SNd yD; teDa&mif tcRet
f wufjzpfum
ptdkydkif;tqHk;wGif t0ga&mif tcRef
twuf wpfpHk&Sdonf/
OD;csKdyg pyg;claumif

pyg;yifNrHKwpfckpDrS claumifESifh zsufqD;cH&aom pyg;&Gufpkpkaygif; ta&
twGuu
f kd wGucf sufNyD;if;wdu
Yk kd oD;jcm;pD rSwo
f m;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .17
17 arT;0ga&mif claumif
arT;0ga&mif claumif
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rsm; a<uusoGm;onf/ claumifonf teDa&mif
tpif;rsm;ESit
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k &f NdS yD; vdarmf
a&mif OD;acgif;&Su
d m cEmud,
k w
f pfcv
k ;kH wGif tarT;
Murf;rsm;yg&Sdonf/
19

pyg;yifNrHKwpfcpk rD S claumifEiS hf zsufq;D cH&aom pyg;&Guf ta&twGuu
f kd
a&wGufyg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .18
18 yk w f a pmf e H * syd k ;
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yg&Sdonf/
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pyg;yifNrHKwpfcpk rD S taumifi,fEiS t
fh aumifBuD; ta&twGuu
f kd twlwl
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .19
19 *E D * syd k ;
taumifi,frsm;onf tpdrf;a&mif
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20

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2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .20
20 usd K if ; jym
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i,frsm;onf tndKa&mif OD;acgif;jzifh tjzL
a&mifcEmudk,f &SdNyD; 0rf;Adkuf\xdyfwGif >yefyHkpH
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rsm;udk tNyHKvdkufawGU&onf/
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taumif i ,f

pyg;yifNrHKwpfckpDrS t&G,fra&mufao;aom tqifhrsm;ESihftaumifBuD;
ta&twGuu
f kd twlwal &wGuNf yD; rSwo
f m;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .21
21 *syd k ; euf
taumifi,frsm;onf teufa&mif
tpufrsm;ESifhtwl cEmudk,f tndKa&mifESifh
t0ga&mif&SdNyD; taumifBuD;rsm;\ cEmudk,f
onf ndKeufa&mifawmufawmufrS teuf
a&mif&o
dS nf/ if;wdUk udk pyg;yif\ atmufajc
wGif tkyfpkvdkufawGU&onf/
*syd k ; euf t aumif B uD ; rsm;
21

f kd twlwl
2 .22 .44 .11 .66 tjcm;zsuf y d k ; rsm;
Z,m;wGifazmfjyxm;aom tif;qufrsm;wGifryg0ifonfh taumifrsm;\
trnfrsm;udk a&;om;yg/ Z,m;pm&Guw
f iG f tif;qufrsdK;pdwt
f rsm;qH;k 3 rsKd;a&;Ekid &f ef
pDrHay;xm;ygonf/
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h ygt0if) odUk r[kwf zsufy;kd tay:
rlwnf ysufp;D rIuakd &wGuNf yD; pyg;&Guf odrYk [kwf yifymG ; odrYk [kwf pyg;ESH odrYk [kwf
pyg;yifNrHK ta&twGuf uho
J aYdk om ,lepfrsm;jzifh owfrw
S yf g/ tif;qufrsm;onf
*sydk;tkyfpk0if (Hemiptera) jzpfygu taumifBuD;ESihf taumifi,fta&twGuu
f kd
twlwal &wGuNf yD; rSwo
f m;yg/ tif;quf\ BuD;xGm;rItqifo
h nf claumiftqifh
jzpfyguta&twGufudk a&wGufNyD; rSwfwrf;wifyg/ xdkYtjyif tysuftpD;rsm;udk
pyg;&Gufay:wGifjzpfap? yifyGm;wGifjzpfap? pyg;ESHwGifjzpfap awGU&Sdygu if;wdkYudk
a&wGufNyD; rSwfom;yg/ tpD&ifcHjcif;udk cGJjcm;jyKvkyfyg/ uGefjyKwm Software
jzifh database wGif xnfo
h iG ;f &ef rjzpfeikd yf g/
2 .22 .44 .11 .77 rd w f a qG y d k ; rsm;
2 .22 .44 .11 .77 .11 rd&pf'f *sydk;pdrf;
t&G,af &mufaumifrsm;onf tpdr;f Ek
a&mif&SdNyD; cEudk,fao;oG,f &Snfvsm;um
t&Snf 7 - 9rDvrD w
D mcefU &So
d nf/ taumif
i,frsm;onf ta&miftm;jzifh vHk;0tpdrf;
a&mif &Sdonf/ rd&pf'f *sydk;ndKrsm;udkvnf;
tawG&Y rsm;onf/ odUk &mwGif rd&pf'f *syd;k pdr;f
ESihf uGmjcm;NyD; a&wGu&f ef rvdt
k yfyg/
tpdrf;a&mif rd&pf'f *sydk;
22

f kd pkpak ygif;udk
2 .22 .44 .11 .77 .22 &dkUAf usdKif;
kUd AfusdKif;aumifrsm;onf awmif
yHESifh 0rf ; Ad k u f w d k Y ay:wG i f rD ; cd k ; a&mif
trSwftom;rsm;yg&SdNyD; cEmudk,fa&mif
onf tndKa&mif odrYk [kwf eDnKd a&mif
odrYk [kwf teufa&mif&u
dS m ao;oG,f
&Snfvsm;onf/
&dkUAfusdKif;t&G,fa&mufaumif

pyg;yifNrHKwpfcpk rD S t&G,af &mufaumif pkpak ygif;udk a&wGuNf yD; rSwo
f m;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .77 .33 ajrusd K if ;
usd K if ; tk y f p k o nf t&G , f
tpm; trsdK;rsdK;&SNd yD; wpfvufr\ 8 yHk
1 yHrk S 1 vufr txd &So
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k @mef
ESifh ta&mifvnf; trsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/
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ndK&ifha&mif&Sdum if;wdkU\awmifyHrm
ajrusd K if ;
ay:wGif tvsm;vdu
k f tpif;aMumif;
rsm;pGm&SdNyD; cEmudk,f rmausmaom usKdif;aumifrsm; jzpfMuonf/
23

pyg;yifNrHKwpfckpDrS ajrusdKif;ta&twGuf pkpkaygif;udk a&wGufNyD; rSwfom;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .77 .44 ajracG ; yif h u l
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odUk r[kwf rsOf;aMumif;rsm; yg&SNd yD; trsm;tm;
jzifh tndKa&mifrS rD;cdk;a&mif&Sdonf/
ajracG;yifhul

pyg;yifNrHKwpfckpDrS taumifi,fESifh t&G,fa&mufaumif pkpkaygif;udk
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 pyg;a&m*grsm;
a&m*gjyif;xefru
I kd trSwrf ay;rD a&m*grsm;\ ud,
k yf ikd v
f uPmudk rSwo
f m;
xm;&rnf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .11 &G u f a jcmuf a &m*g
pyg;&Guf ay:rS 'Pf&mrsm;onf Adik ;f vdyw
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pyg;&Gufay:wGif aygif;pnf; oGm;Muonf/
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tjzpf jzpfay:vmNyD; t&Snftm;jzifh pifwD
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pdr;f &ifah &miftem;pGe;f ESit
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k u
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awGU&onf/ 'Pf&mtdkrsm;onf &GufpGef;em;
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jzpfaom 'Pf&m
24
aorsm;ESifhtwl oHvGifa&mifazsmhazsmh jzpfoGm;onf/

2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .22 &G u f z k H ; ajcmuf a &m*g
ueOD;'Pf&mrsm;onf ao;i,fNyD; odkUr
[kwf bJOyHk&Sdum rD;cdk;pdrf;a&mif&SdNyD; a&pdkem
uGuf jzpfonf/ ydrk &kd ifah om pyg;&Gurf sm; onf
tv,fwGif jzLpdrf;a&mifrsm;ESifhtwl bJOyHk
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[kwf ndK&ifah &mif &So
d nf/ 'Pf&mrsm;onf
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pyg;&Gux
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k @mefrrSeaf om aumuf
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pyg;wpf&GufvHk; aooGm;Ekdifonf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .33 buf w D ; &D ; ,m;&G u f a jcmuf a &m*g (BLB)
a&TUajymif;pdu
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&Gufrsm; ndK;EGrf;NyD;xdyfodkYvdyfoGm;um rD;cdk;
pdrf;a&mifrS t0ga&mifokdUajymif;oGm;onf/
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onf/ &Gujf ym;ay:wGif odUk r[kwf aemufyikd ;f
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pyg;&Gufrsm;ndK;EGrf;NyD; rD;cdk;a&mifrSt0ga&mif
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odrYk [kwf tvif;ydwf ESi;f pufrsm;ESiw
hf al om bwfw;D &D;,m;pdr&hf nfrsm; jzpfay:vmjcif;
udk tawGU&rsm;onf/
25
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .44 pyg;&G u f n d K aysmuf a &m*g

a&m*gusa&muf a om ysd K ;yif r sm;wG i f
ao;i,faom puf0ikd ;f yHk odUk r[kwf bJOyHk tndK
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wdkUudk aoapEkdifonf/ vuPmudk ysdK;yif
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2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .55 pyg;&G u f z k H ; yk w f a &m*g
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&SNd yD; tv,ft[dw
k iG f rD;cd;k a&mif &So
d nf/ 'Pf&mrsm;wGif &Gut
f rd f ysUHEUHS aeaom
eDndKa&mif ta&mifaysmufoGm;jcif;vnf; yg0ifEkdifonf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .66 wef * k d A d k i f ; &yf p f a &m*g
pyg;&Gufrsm;onf t0ga&mif odkYr[kwf
vdarmaf &mifoYkd ajymif;oGm;onf/ tyifyo
k mG ;jcif;
ESihf yifymG ;tenf;i,f avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;wdo
Yk nf
tNrJwrf; qufpyfrI&Sdonf/
wef*kdAdkif;&yfpf
26

txufwGifazmfjyxm;aom vuPmrsm; tay:tajccH yxrOD;pGm
pyg;&Guftem;om;ay:wGif 'Pf&mrsm;^ &Gufajcmufrsm;^ a&m*g tpufrsm; udk
xdyfrSatmufodkU MunhfSLrSwfom;yg/ pyg;yifNrHKwpfck&Sd a&m*gusa&mufaom
t&Guf{&d,m (0-100 ) udk cefUrSef;yg/ atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom EIef;xm;
tay:tajccHum a&m*gusa&mufaom pyg;&Guf{&d,m &mcdkifEIef;twdkif; a&m*grsm;
tm;vHk;twGuf wefzdk;twGuf Tef;udef;owfrSwfyg/
Tef;udef;
0
1
3
5
7
9
pyg;&Gufay:wGifusa&mufaoma&m*gyrmP
- rusa&mufyg/
- 1 atmufi,f
- 1 - 5 %
- 6 - 25 %
- 26 - 50 %
- 51 - 100 %
27
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .77 bmumaea&m*g

a&m*gusa&mufaeaom pyg;yifrsm;onf
pyg;cif;xJ&Sd tjcm;pyg;yifrsm;xuf vufraygif;
rsm;pGmjrifhrm;aeMuonf/ pyg;yifrsm;onf t0g
a&mif oef;aeaom t&Gufrsm;ESifh tpdrf;Eka&mif
tvH&u
G rf sm; ESit
hf wlBuHKvSaD eonfukd awGU&onf/
tapmydkif;yifyGm;tqifhwGif ysdK;yifrsm; aooGm;
onf/ &ifhrSnfhonfhtcsdefwGif pyg;aphrsm;onf
tqHrjynfh odUk r[kwf tzsi;f rsm;udo
k m awGUEkid o
f nf/
bmumaea&m*g
(jrm;jzif h a zmf j yxm;onf )

txufwiG af zmfjyxm;aom a&m*gvuPmrsm;tay: tajccHum bmumae
a&m*gjzpfaMumif;aocsmatmif jyKvkyfyg/ pyg;yifNrHKwpfckcsif;pDwGif a&m*g&Sdygu
(1) [kvnf;aumif; a&m*gr&Syd gu (0)[kvnf;aumif; azmfjyyg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .88 .88 pyg;rd I o D ; a&m*g
a&m*gudk zHUGNzdK;aeaom pyg;EHSrsm;wGif
awGU&NyD; if;pyg;EHSrsm;twGif;wGif pyg;aphrsm;wGif
rdIrQifprsm;yg0ifaom uwDygpdrf;a&mif tvHk;rsm;odkY
ajymif;oGm;onf/ rdrI Qifprsm;onf tpwGif vdarmf
a&mif&SdNyD; aemufydkif;wGif pdrf;0ga&mif odkUr[kwf
pdrf;eufa&mifodkY ajymif;oGm;onf/ &ifhrSnfhcsdef&Sd
pyg;ESHrsm;&Sd pyg;aph tenf;i,fwGif a&m*g
usa&mufaeaMumif; awGUjrifEkdifonf/
pyg;rI d o D ; a&m*g
28

rdIoD;a&m*gtwGuf pyg;NrHKwpfckpDrS a&m*gusa&mufaeaom pyg;ESHta&m
twGufudk a&wGufNyD;rSwfom;yg/
2 .22 .44 .11 .99 tif ; quf z rf ; yd k u f j zif h erl e m,l j cif ;
2 .22 .44 .11 .99 .11 vd y f c H k ; usd K if ;
t&Guaf &mufusdKif;aumifrsm;onf awmufyaom
ta&mif&MdS uNyD; bJOyH&k u
dS m cH;k aomyH&k o
dS nf/ ta&mif
trsdK;rsdK;awGEY idk o
f nf/ usKdi;f aumifrsm;onf 0wfrpHI m;
zsufydk;jzpfEkdifovdk tjcm;tif;qufpm;om;&Jaumif
rsm;twGuf zsufydk;vnf;jzpfedkifonf/
pHtif;qufzrf;ydkufudk toHk;jyKum erlem,lrnfh
ae&mtoD;oD;teD;&Sd pyg;yifrsm;wpfavQmuf 270.
vdyfcHk;usdKif;
wpfBudrf&rf;NyD; vdyfcHk;usdKif;aumifi,f? ydk;wHk;vHk;ESifh
t&G,fa&mufaumif
t&G,af &mufaumif ta&twGuu
f kd rSwo
f m;yg/ ae&m
wpfckpDrS wpfBudrf&rf;NyD;zrf;rdjcif;udk wpfNydKifeuf zrf;rdaom vdyfcHk;usdKif;ESifh
yifhultdrf,uf yifhulrsm; twGuftoHk;jyKEkdifonf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .99 .22 yif h u l t d r f , uf yif h u l
yifhultdrf,uf yifhulrsm;udk yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;&Sdaom
yd;k csnrf sm;tMum; awGU&onf/ yif;ultrd rf sm;onf tvsm;
vdu
k f odrYk [kwf axmifvu
kd f jzpfEidk o
f nf/ rsdK;pdwt
f ay:
rlwnf t&G,fa&mufaumifrsm;\ t&G,ftpm;ESifh
ta&mifuGJjym;onf/
yifhultdrf,uf yifhul
29

pHtif;qufzrf;ydkufudk toHk;jyKum erlem,lrnfh ae&mtoD;oD;teD;&Sd
pyg;yifrsm;wpfavQmuf 270 wpfBudrf&rf;NyD; vdyfcHk;usdKif;aumifi,f? ydk;wHk;vHk;ESifh
t&G,af &mufaumif ta&mtwGuu
f kd rSwo
f m;yg/ ae&mwpfcpk rD S wpfBudr&f rf;NyD;
zrf;rdjcif;udk wpfNydKifeufzrf;rdaom vdycf ;kH usdKif;ESihf yifu
h t
l rd ,
f uf yifu
h rl sm;twGuf
toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .10
10 jzpf a eusr[k w f a om zsuf y d k ; usa&muf r I r sm;
ae&mtcsdKUwGif <uufrsm;ESifh *Pef;rsm;zsufpD;rIudk tawGU&rsm;NyD; if;wdkU\
zsufqD;rIudk nydkif;awGU&onf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .10
10
10.11 <uuf z suf q D ; jcif ;
<uufzsufqD;jcif;udk pyg;yifyGm;rsm;udk 45. jzifh udu
k jf zwfxm;aom pyg;yif
rsm;\ erlemudk pyg;cif;twGif; tuGufvdkufawGU&onf/
2 .22 .44 .11 .10
10
10.22 *Pef ; zsuf q D ; jcif ;
pyg;yifrsm;udk ajrBuD;ESifhtnDudkufjzwfxm;NyD; yifyGm;rsm;aysmufqHk;jcif;udk
awGU&wwfonf/ pyg;cif;twGi;f *Pef;wGi;f rsm;udk twef;vdu
k af wGU&wwfonf/
Munhf LS avhvm&eftwGuf vkyu
f ikd pf Of <uuf odrYk [kwf *Pef;aMumifh pyg;yifrsm;
zsufq;D cH&rIudk awG&Y ygu zsufq;D cH&aom {&d,mcefrY eS ;f ajcudk erlemaumuf,al om
S yf g/
pyg;cif;ESifh tcsdK;nD 1 - 100% tcsdK;jzifh owfrw
2.22.55 owfrSwfxm;aom pyg;cif;twGufrSwfom;&ef xyfaqmif;tao;pdwfrsm;
2 .22 .55 .11 aq;zsef ; jcif ;
owfrw
S x
f m;aom pyg;cif;odUk oGm;a&mufonft
h csdet
f awmtwGi;f (qdv
k kd
onfrmS wpfywfwpfBudr)f tif;qufrsm;? a&m*grsm;? aygif;rsm;ESihf rnfonfh ZD0
yd;k owfaq;wdik ;f udrk qdk if;wd\
Yk trnf? aq;EIe;f xm;ESihf yufzsef;onfh ta&twGuf
udk v,form;rsm;qDrS pm&if;aumuf,Nl yD; yHpk H - 3 (tcsyfykd 4) &Sd Z,m;wGif
jznfhoGif;yg/
30
2 .22 .55 .22 "mwf a jrMoZmoH k ; pG J j cif ; uk d rS w f w rf ; wif j cif ;

owfrw
S x
f m;aom pyg;cif;odUk oGm;a&mufonft
h csdet
f awmtwGi;f (qdv
k kd
onfrmS wpfywfwpfBudr)f opfprd ;f ajrMoZm? ajraqG;? &Guzf sef;ajrMoZm? taxGaxG
oH;k ajrMoZmrsm; toH;k jyKyHk tao;pdwu
f Zkd ,m; - 3 (tcsyfykd 4) &dS Z,m;wGif
tvGeftuRHokH;? toihftwihfokH;ESihf tokH;enf;[l jznhfoGif;&rnf/
2 .22 .55 .33 oD w if ; ywf rd k ; av0ouk d rS w f w rf ; wif j cif ;
pyg;cif;^ pyg;cif;teD;&Sad us;&Gm ESiphf yfvsOf; ppfwrf;aumuf,o
l nfh oDwif;
ywftwGi;f jzpfay:aeaom rd;k av0o tao;pdwu
f kd YES odUk r[kwf NO [l
azmfjyyg/ Z,m;wGif azmfjyxm;onfrsm;tjyif tjcm;rd;k av0otcsuftvufrsm;&Sd
ygu ]]tjcm;rSwfcsufrsm;}} wGif 0guswkdjzifh xnfhoGif;Edkifonf/
2 .22 .66 t0ga&mifpyg;qpfydk;udk zrf;jcif;
owfrSwfxm;aom pyg;cif;wpfcif;wGif
t0ga&mifpyg;qpfy;kd twGuf zD&rkd ek ;f axmifacsmuf
3 ckudk okawoepcef;ae&mESifh aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd
v,form;rsm;\ pyg;pdu
k cf if;rsm;wGif wyfqifyg/
pyg;yif\ wpfaytxuf&dS wdik w
f pfwikd jf zifh axmif
acsmufrsm;udk NrJNrHpmG wyfqifyg/ a&G;cs,fxm;aom
pyg;cif;rS jrifEidk o
f nft
h uGm ta0; 75 ay ausmf
ausmfwiG f axmifacsmufrsm;udk wyfqifyg/ axmif
acsmufwiG zf rf;rdaom tif;qufrsm;udk aoap&ef
ydv
k o
D if;yvwfpwpftw
d t
f wGi;f wGif 'dik u
f vdak Amhpf
(diclorvos) wGif ESpx
f m;aom 0g*Gr;f pudk toH;k jyK
yg/ (rnf o nf h t csd e f w G i f r qd k yd k ; owf a q;ud k
uawmhjzifh rxdrad p&ef *kjyKyg)/ yd;k owfaq;udk
uawmhyHk axmifacsmufudk
wyfqifjcif; (zD&dkrkef;)
31
toH;k rjyKygu tif;quf aoraoudk ra&wGucf if odrYk [kwf uawmhtm; Avm

jzpfatmif rjyKvkycf if jyKvkyyf g/ qGiJ ifaq;udk 3 ywfwpfBudrv
f v
J ,
S af y;&rnf/
ppfwrf;aumuf,o
l nfh oDwif;ywfwpfywfpt
D wGi;f axmifacsmufwpfcpk &D dS
zvHaumifrsm;udak &wGuNf yD; pm&if;wGif xnfo
h iG ;f yg/ yvwfpwpftw
d rf sm;rS zvH
rsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;ESifh axmifacsmufaygufNyJjcif; odkUr[kwf aysmufqHk;jcif;&Sdygu
tvG,w
f ul&adS eap&ef wdwu
d sus vkyyf g/ xdUk aMumifh ueOD; axmifacsmuf wyfqif
NyD;aemuf uif;axmufrsm;onf aysmufq;kH oGm;aom axmifacsmufrsm;udk tpm;xd;k &ef
twGuf ppfwrf;aumuf,o
l nfh oDwif;ywfwpfywfpt
D wGi;f axmifacsmuftenf;
i,f ESihf tif;qufqiJG ifaq;udk ,laqmifvm&rnf/
2 .3/
3/ pyg;cif;tm; usyef; ppfaq;jcif;
2 .33 .1/
1/ usyef ; ppf a q;jcif ; twG u f pyg;cif ; a&G ; cs,f j cif ;
ppfaq;jcif;udk ppfwrf;aumuf,o
l rl sm; raumuf,El idk o
f nfh {&d,m^ aus;&Gm
rsm;odUk uRrf;usifynm&Sirf sm;ESit
hf wl pDru
H ed ;f 0efxrf;rsm;vdu
k yf gvsuf wpfywfvQif
wpfBudrf (aomMumaeUqdv
k Qifyakd umif;ygonf) aqmif&u
G &f rnf/ ppfaq;pOf tawm
twGi;f ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ onf pyg;oD;oefpY u
kd {f &d,mwGif 70 - 80uDvrkd w
D mcefU
c&D;aygufygvdrrhf nf/ ppfaq;pOftwGi;f pyg;udk {&d,mtus,fBuD;pdu
k yf sKd;xm;aom
aus;&Gmrsm;udk usyef;a&G;cs,f&rnf/ ppfwrf;aumuf,&l eftwGuf aus;&Gmwpf&mG pDrS
pyg;cif;wpfcif;udk a&G;cs,f&ygvdrfhrnf/
2 .33 .2/
2/ zsuf y d k ; ppf a q;Munf h S L &ef t wG u f vrf ; T e f c suf r sm;
pyg;yifESifh zsufydk;ppfaq;MunhfSLjcif;rsm;udk Z,m; 3 (tcsyfydk 5) wGif
azmfjyxm;onft
h wdik ;f aqmif&u
G yf g/ pyg;yifNrHK 10 NrHK (wpfae&mwGif pyg;yifNrHKwpfNrHK
x 5 ae&m) udkom ppfaq;MunfhSLNyD; erlem,lyg/ pyg;cif;usyef;ppfaq;&eftwGuf
ydk;owfaq;yufzsef;jcif;? ajrMoZmoHk;pGJjcif;ESifh tywfpOf&moDOwkESifh axmifacsmuf
wyfqifjcif;wdkY uhJokdYaom xyfaqmif;tao;pdwfrsm;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/
32
2 .33 .3/
3/ pyg;qpf y d k ; rsd K ;rsm;ud k rS w f w rf ; wif j cif ;
ae&m 5 ae&mrS pyg;yifNrHK 10 NrHKudk usyef;ppfaq;pOf tawmtwGif;
a&G;cs,fxm;aom pyg;cif;wGif ppfwrf;aumuf,pl Of pyg;qpfy;kd usa&mufrv
I uPm
(tlyw
k f odUk r[kwf ESjH zL) &Sad om yifymG ;rsm;udak umuf,Nl yD; xdyk ifymG ;rsm;udk cGpJ w
d Nf yD;
ppfaq;yg/
2 .33 .33 .11 tl y k w f j cif ;
tlyw
k jf cif;qdo
k nfrmS tyifBuD;xm;pOftwGi;f (ysdK;yiftqifrh S yifymG ;trsm;qH;k
tqifhtxd) pyg;qpfydk; wpfrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh pyg;yifrsm;&Sd yifyGm;rsm;\ A[dk&Gufrsm;
ajcmufaoGUoGm;jcif;udk ac:onf/
2 .33 .33 .22 ES H j zLjcif ;
pyg;EHSrsm;jzihf BuD;xGm;aeaom pyg;yifrsm;wGif pyg;EHStm;vkH;ajcmufNyD;
ta&mifrJhoGm;jcif; tajctae(EHSjzLjcif;) onf pyg;qpfydk; wdkufcdkufzsufqD;rIaMumihf
jzpfonf/ uhJokdYaom pyg;EHSrsm;\ pyg;aphrsm;onf tzsif;tarSmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
tlykwfjcif;
ESHjzLjcif;

pyg;qpfy;kd rsm;\rsdK;pdwrf sm;udk atmufwiG af zmfjyxm;aom avmufaumifEiS hf
ydk;wHk;vHk;tqifhwdkYtay:tajccHum owfrSwf&rnf/
33
2 .33 .44 pyg;qpf y d k ; rsm;\avmuf a umif E S i f h y d k ; wH k ; vH k ; tqif h r sm;ud k azmf j yjcif ;

2 .33 .44 .11 t0ga&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;
t0ga&mifpyg;qpfydk;\avmufaumifonf tndKa&mifOD;acgif;ESifhtwl
cEmud,
k rf mS 0gEka&mifrS pdr;f 0ga&mif&o
dS nf/ trsm;tm;jzifh yifymG ;wpfyifwiG f avmuf
aumifwpfaumifudk awGU&wwfonf/ ydk;wHk;vHk;onftjzLa&mif ydk;csnfydk;tdrfjzifh
tvHyk w
d x
f m;um tjzLa&mifrS pdr;f 0gEka&mif &So
d nf/ vwfvwfqwfqwf yd;k tdrf
topfonf ndKeka&mif&Sd aemifwGif ndK&ifha&mifodkU ajymif;oGm;onf/
2 .33 .44 .22 tjzLa&mif pyg;qpfydk;
tjzLa&mifpyg;qpfydk;\avmufaumifonfEdkYjzLa&mif&Sdum ydk;wHk;vHk;rsm;\
cEmud,
k o
f nf El;nHo
h nf/ tjzLa&mifpyg;qpfy;kd \ yd;k wH;k vH;k onf t0ga&mif pyg;
qpfy;kd yd;k wH;k vH;k xuf yd
k ta&mifazsmhonf/
2 .33 .44 .33 yef ; a&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;
yef;a&mifpyg;qpfydk;\avmufaumifonf yef;a&mif&Sd ausmzufwGif
c&rf;a&mifrsm;&SdNyD; 0rf;Adkufydkif;wGif tjzLa&mif&Sdonf/
yef;a&mifpyg;qpfydk; ydk;wHk;vHk;aumif
yef;a&mifpyg;qpfyd k ;avmuf aumif
2 .33 .44 .44 acgif ; euf p yg;qpf y d k ;

avmufaumifi,frsm;onf xif&mS ;onfh tndKa&mif odUk r[kwf teufa&mif
OD;acgif;ESit
hf wl cEmud,
k o
f nf rD;cd;k jzLa&mif &So
d nf/ t&G,af &mufavmufaumif
rsm;onf cEmud,
k w
f pfavQmuf tjzLa&mifrS c&rf;ndKa&mif tpif;rsm; (ausmzufwiG f
3ck? ab;zufwiG f 2 ck) yg&SNd yD; cEmud,
k rf mS EkjYd zLa&mif&o
dS nf/
34
2 .33 .44 .55 tpif ; Mum;pyg;qpf y d k ;

tpif;Mum;pyg;qpfydk;onf 0grGJrGJa&mif&Sdum xif&Sm;onfhtpif;aMumif; 5
ck (ab;zufwiG f 2 ck? ausmzufruswuswiG f 2 ckEiS hf tv,fwiG f 1 ck) yg&So
d nf/
3/ rd k ; av0oowif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k rS w f o m;jcif ;
okawoepcef; odUk r[kwf teD;qH;k ae&mrS aeYpOf &moDOwkqikd &f ma'wm
rsm;udk Z,m; 4 (tcsyfykd 6)yg twdik ;f aumuf,yl g/
4/ rD ; axmif a csmuf w G i f z rf ; rd a om tif ; quf r sm;ud k Munh f & I p pf a q;jcif ;
okawoepcef;wGif vkyaf qmifaeaom pyg;cif;Mum;wGif xm;&So
d nfh rD;
axmifacsmufut
kd if;qufrsm; zrf;rdrrd aeYpOf ppfaq;yg/ Z,m; 5udk toH;k jyKum
tif;qufta&twGuf (zsufy;kd ESit
hf usKd;jyKouf&EdS pS rf sdK; pvH;k ) wdu
Yk kd rSwo
f m;yg/
4 .1/
1/ rD ; axmif a csmuf w G i f zrf ; rd a om tif ; quf r sm;taMumif ; azmf j yjcif ;
4 .11 .11 t0ga&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;
trrsm;wGif a&SUawmify\
H tv,f
wGif teufa&miftpufEiS t
hf wl cEmud,
k f
ta&mifrSmawmufyonfh t0ga&mif &Sd
onf/ trrsm;wGif ptd0k wGif arT;pkwrf sm;
&So
d nf/ txD;rsm;onf trxuf t&G,f
i,fonf/ a&SUawmifyrH sm;onf rD;cd;k a&mif
t0ga&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;
odkYr[kwf ndKEka&mif&SdNyD; xdyfzsm;wGif
teufa&mifpufaysmuf 2 wef; yg&So
d nf/ txD;rsm;onf jzL0ga&mifvnf; &SEd idk Nf yD;
a&SUawmifyrH sm; ay:&Sd tpuftaysmuf rsm;rSmrxif&mS ;yg/ zvHrsm;\ t&G,t
f pm;ESihf
ta&mifuGJjym;jcif;udk tawGU&rsm;onf/
35
4 .11 .22 yef ; a&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;

zvHrsm;onf tjzLa&mifaemuf awmifyH
rsm;&SdNyD; cEmudk,fta&mifrSm tjzLa&mifrS
aumufkd;&ifha&miftxd &Sdonf/ txD;rsm;
onf trrsm;xuf t&G,ftpm; ao;i,f
onf/ txD;rsm;onf bD;yHk ESmwH&NdS yD; trrsm;
wGif tyfcsnfrQifykH ESmwHrsm;&So
d nf/
yef ; a&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;
4 .11 .33 tjzLa&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;

txD;ESit
hf r t&G,af &mufaumifrsm;onf
yHko@meftm;jzifh vHk;0 qGwfqGwfjzLonf/
&iftkyfydkif;wGif arT;pkwf&Snfrsm; yg&Sdonf/
txD;rsm;onf trrsm;xuf t&G,ftpm;
ao;i,fonf/
tjzLa&mif p yg;qpf y d k ;
4 .11 .44 acgif ; euf p yg;qpf y d k ;

t&G,fa&mufaumifrsm;onf ndK0ga&mif
&SdMuonf/ a&SUawmifyHrsm;\ tv,fwGif
aiGa&miftaMu;cHG odUk r[kwf ao;i,faom
teufa&muftpuf 6 - 7 puf yg&So
d nf/
aemufawmifyHonf ta&mifazsmhonf/
acgif;euf pyg;qpfydk;
4 .11 .55 Muuf o G e f N rd w f y d k ;

t&G , f a &muf a umif r sm;onf jcif E S i f h w l o nf /
trwGif awmufyonft
h eDa&mif 0rf;Adu
k &f
dS txD;wGif
ndK0ga&mif cEmud,
k &f o
dS nf/ t&G,af &mufaumif ESpf
aumifv;kH wGif ykw;D yHEk mS wH&u
dS m 10 qpfxufyo
kd nf/
MuufoGefNrdwfydk;t&G,fa&mufaumif
36
4 .11 .66 tpd r f ; a&mif & G u f p m;yd k ;

tpdr;f a&mif&u
G pf m;yd;k rsm;onf teufa&mif
tpuftajymufrsm;yg&SNd yD; if;wdUk onf a&SUawmifyH
\tzsm;ydik ;f txdvnf; &SEd idk o
f nf/ wpfcsKUd rSm if;
tpuftajymufrsm;onf tzsm;ydik ;f xd r&Sw
d wfyg/
tpdrf;a&mif&Gufpm;ydk;
4 .11 .77 jzKwf n d K
jzKwfndKtaumifi,frsm;ESifh
ta&mifrSm ndKEka&mifESifhndK&ifha&mif[l
uGjJ ym;Ekid o
f nf/ t&G,af &muftrrsm;onf txD;
rsm;xuf t&G , f t pm;yd k r d k B uD ; um 0rf ; Ad k u f \
tajcwGif ndK&ifha&mif Otk>yef&Sdonf/ xif&Sm;
onfhawmifyHyHkpHrsm;udk jrifawGU&onf/ ydkrdk&Snf
aom awmifyHyHkpHrsm;onf 0rf;AdkufxdyfqHk;xuf
ausmfNyD; ydrk w
kd akd om awmifyyH pkH rH sm;onf cEmud,
k f
\ xdyu
f kd rausmfyg/
4 .11 .88 ausmeuf j zKwf

ausmeufjzKwfrsm;onf rD;cdk;a&mif cEm
ud,
k &f u
dS m jzKwfnKd xuf t&G,t
f pm;ao;onf/
0rf;Adu
k \
f tv,ftxufwiG f tjzLa&mif tpif;
aMumif;wpfckudk awGUEkdifonf/
ausmeufjzKwftaumifi,fESifh
t&G,fa&mufaumif
37
4 .11 .99 &G u f p m;jzKwf j zL

pyg;jzKwfrsm;tm;vHk;wGif t&G,f
tpm; tBuD;qH;k jzpfonf/ OD;acgif;\xdyrf S
aemufydkif;usaom tpGef;xdwGif teuf
a&mif tpuftajymufEiS t
hf wl tjzLa&mif
cEmudk,f&Sdonf/ a&SUawmifyHrsm;ay:wGif
tajcrSxyd x
f d ndKEka&mifrsOf;aMumif;rsm;udk
awGU&onf/
&Gufpm;jzKwfjzLt&G,fa&mufaumif
4 .11 .10
10 vd I i f ; wG e f Y y H k t pif ; aMumif ; yg &G u f p m;jzKwf y d k ;
t&G,fa&mufjzKwfydk;rsm;wGif a&SUawmifyHrsm;ay: vdIPf;wGefYyHktjzLa&mifESifh
tndKa&mifyHkpHrsm;&Sdonf/
4 .11 .11
11 pyg;&G u f v d y f y d k ;
t&G , f a &muf a umif r sm;onf
a&SUawmifyHrsm;ay: teufa&mift&pf 3
&pfEiS t
hf wl jzL0ga&mif odUk r[kwf a&T0ga&mif
cEmud,
k &f o
dS nf/ a&SUawmifyrH sm;wGif if;wkYd
\tjyifzuftem;wGif ndK&ifha&mifrS rD;cdk;
a&mif&Sdaom t&pf&Sdonf/
&Gufvdyfydk;
4 .11 .12
12 rd&pf'f *sydk;pdrf;
&Snaf rsmarsmESib
hf UJ yH&k MdS uum awmufyonfh
tpdrf;a&miftvTm awmifyHrsm;&SdMuum
teuf a &mif t puf t ajymuf r sm;&S d a om
&if t k y f y d k i f ; &S d o nf / yxrES m wH t qpf \
38
xdyfonfpdrf;0ga&mif&Sdonf/ ajcaxmufrsm;onf t0ga&miftkd;rsm;ESifhtwl

tpdrf;a&mif&SdMuonf/
4 .11 .13
13 vd y f c H k ; usd K if ;
ta&mif a wmuf usKd i f ;
aumifrsm;jzpfNyD; bJOyHk&Sdum
cHk;aomyHk&Sdonf/
vdyfcHk;usdKif;t&G,fa&mufaumifrsm;
4 .11 .14
14 *syd k ; euf
ndK&ifha&mifrSm teufa&mif&Sdonf/
*sydk;euft&G,fa&mufaumif
4 .11 .15
15 *E D * syd k ;
taumif i ,f r sm;onf tpd r f ;
a&mifrS tndKa&mif&Sdonf/ t&G,fa&muf
aumifonf tndKa&mif&NdS yD; &Snv
f sm;onfh
ESmwHrsm;ESihf ajcacsmif;rsm;ESit
hf wl ao;oG,f
aom cEmudk,f&Sdonf/
*ED*sydk;
39
4 .11 .16
16 pyg;&G u f j zwf c l a umif
zvHaumifonf cEmud,
k w
f w
k cf ikd Nf yD; ndK
&ifha&mif &Sdonf/ trzvH\ a&SUawmifyHrsm;
wGif vdIPf;wGefYyHkrsOf;aMumif;rsm;ESifhtwl rD;cdk;
ndKa&mif&SdNyD; tv,fruswuswGif teuf
a&miftpufwpfpuf&Sdonf/ txD;zvHwGif
a&SUajcaxmufrsm;ay:wGif tvGefBuD;rm;aom
tarT;pkwfrsm;&SdNyD; awmifyHrsm;onf ykd
ysdK;yiftqifhwGifpyg;&Gufjzpfclaumif
f umif
zsufqD;xm;jcif;ESifh claumifi,fyHkrsm; rD;cd;k a&mifoef;onf/ txD;ESihf trESpa
pvH;k \ aemufawmifyrH sm;onf yg;vTmonfh
tem;pGef;rsm;ESifhtwl jzLndKa&mif &Sdonf/
5/ taxG a xG T e f M um;csuf r sm;
a*[pepfay:rlwnf tif;qufrsKd;pdwfrsm;ESifh tyifa&m*grsdK;pdwfrsm;
uGjJ ym;onf/ tif;quftyk pf w
k al emufxyfrsdK;pdwrf sm; odUk r[kwf rsdK;pdwo
f pfrsm;udk
awGYEkdifonf/ "gwfcGJcef;wGif aumuf,lNyD; arG;jrLyGm;rsm;xm;aom tif;quf
zsufy;kd rsm;\ rwlaom BuD;xGm;rItqifrh sm;onf if;wdUk \ uyfyg;yd;k rsm;udk rSww
f rf;
wif&mwGif tultnD&ygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh tcsdet
f xd rSww
f rf;rwif& ao;aom
rsKd ; pd w f r sm;ud k trsd K ;tpm;cG J j cm;&ef t wG u f aumuf , l N yD ; xd e f ; od r f ; xm;&ef
vdktyfygonf/ 0uftl&pftzHk;ydwf zefykvif;i,frsm;wGif rDodkif;vft,fvfudka[m
h m tif;qufrsm;tm; xde;f odr;f xm;Edik o
f nf/ trsdK;tpm;cGjJ cm;jcif;ESihf
70% xnfu
tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;udk wuodkvftqifhodkY wdkufkdufjzpfap oD;ESHumuG,fa&;
0efxrf;rsm;rSwpfqifh jzpfapjyKvkyfEkdifonf/
if ; wd k Y \ pyg;cif ; rsm;ud k a&G ; cs,f x m;aom v,f o rm;wpf O D ; csif ; ud k
pdu
k yf sdK;enf;pepfrsm;? aq;jzef;jcif;rsm;? ajrMoZmauR;jcif;rsm;? &moDOwktjzpftysuf
rsm;? pyg;txGufESifh &dwfodrf;csdef&Sd pyg;aps;EIef;wdkYudk rSwfom;&ef aeUpOf rSwfwrf;
pmtkyfwpftkyfudk ay;Ekdifonf/ pyg;ppfwrf;aumuf,l&eftwGuf oDwif;ywf
wpfywfwiG f owfrw
S x
f m;aomaeYrsm;wGif yHak oowfrw
S x
f m;aom pyg;cif;rsm;udk
oGm;jcif;tm;jzifv
h ,form;onfvnf; ppfwrf;aumuf,jl cif; tpDtpOf\ xda&muf
aom vkyfazmfudkifzuf jzpfvmap&efzefwD;Ekdifonf/ if;wdkUudk qufoG,f&rnfh
tdrv
f yd pf mESihf w,fvzD ek ;f eHygwfrsm; tao;pdwrf sm;udk aemifwiG w
f jYHk yefajzMum;&efEiS hf
tusdK;oufa&mufrIudk pDppfwGufcsuf&ef xdef;odrf;xm;&ygrnf/
40
tcsyfykd-1
aeU
ppfwrf;aumufrnfholrsm;twGufvkyfief;pOf
okawoepcef;wGif yHak oowfrw

S rf nfh pyg;cif;(2)cif;
(oD;ESu
H muG,af &;rsm; jyKvkyrf xm;aom yHak oowfrw
S f
rnfh pyg;cif; 1) ESihf (oD;ESu
H muG,af &;jyKvkyx
f m;aom
yHak oowfrw
S rf nfh pyg;cif; 2)wdUk udk yHak oowfrw
S yf g/
pcef;&Sd zsufydk;aemufcHordkif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk
rSwfwrf;wifxm;yg/
ppfwrf;aumufrnfo
h w
l pfO;D vQif aus;&GmESp&f mG aumuf
t*Fg
,l wpf&GmvQif pyg;cif; ESpfcif;EIef;aumuf,lNyD;
(ppfwrf;aumuf,lrnfhol ESpfOD;vQif aus;&Gmav;&GmrS
pyg;cif; pkpkaygif; &Spfcif;) wdkUudkyHkaoowfrSwfyg/
vGefchJaomaeYu aumuf,lxm;aom a'wmrsm;ESihf
zsuyf ;kd aemufco
H rdik ;f rSww
f rf;udk Z,m;wGif jznfo
h iG ;f yg/
ppfwrf;aumufrnfo
h w
l pfO;D vQif aus;&GmESp&f mG aumuf,l
Ak'[
;l
wpf&mG vQif pyg;cif;ESpcf if;EIe;f aumuf,Nl yD; (ppfwrf;
aumuf,lrnfhol ESpfOD;vQif aus;&Gmav;&GmrS pyg;cif;
pkpkaygif; &Spfcif;) wdkUudk yHkaoowfrSwfyg/
vGefchJaomaeUu aumuf,lxm;aom a'wmrsm;ESihf
zsufy;kd aemufco
H rdik ;f rSww
f rf;udk Z,m;wGif jznfo
h iG ;f yg/
Mumoyaw; ppfwrf;aumufrnfholwpfOD;vQif aus;&Gmwpf&GmvQif
pyg;cif; ESpcf if;EIe;f (ppfwrf;aumuf,l rnfo
h El pS Of ;D vQif
aus;&Gm ESp&f mG rS pyg;cif;pkpak ygif; av; cif;)aumuf,yl g/
ppfwrf;aumuf,o
l o
l nf zsufy;kd owday;csufatmuf&dS
a,bk,s tpD&ifc&H eftwGuf zsufy;kd (tif;qufrsm;ESihf
a&m*grsm;) topfrsm;udk &SmazGyg/
aomMum uRrf;usifynm&SifESifh ppfwrf;aumuf,lrnfh tzGJUonf
aus;&Gm&Spf&Gm (aus;&Gmwpf&GmvQif pyg;cif;wpfcif;)
wGif usyef;pyg;cif; ppfaq;jcif;udk jyKvkyfyg/
(Z,m; 3)/
TefMum;xm;aom Z,m;pm&Gufudk toHk;jyKonfhtjyif
tpD & if c H & ef t wG u f topf ^ xG u f a y:vmaom
zsufydk;rsm;ESifh tusKd;jyKouf&Sdrsm;udk &SmazGyg/
pae
zsufy;kd ESihf &moDOwka'wmrsm;udk ppfaq;NyD; uGejf yLwm
wGif odrf;qnf;xm;yg/
pyg;cif;ta&twGuf
wevmF
41
aus;&Gm 4&GmrS pyg;cif;8cif;
aus;&Gm 4&GmrS pyg;cif;8cif;
aus;&Gm 2 &GmrS pyg;cif;4cif;
aus;&Gm 8 &GmrS pyg;cif;8cif;
Z,m; 1
tyd k i f ; 1
tcsyfydk 2
pyg;zsufydk; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;
pyg;ysdK;cif; ppfaq;jcif; (tydkif; 1) - (pyg;pdkuf&moDtwGif; yHkao owfrSwfxm;aom
pyg;cif;ppfwrf;aumuf,&l eftwGuf okawoepcef;&Sd ysK;d cif;wpfcif;ESihf a&G;cs,x
f m;aom aus;&Gm
10 &GmrS ysK;d cif;wpfcif;pD (pkpk aygif; ysKd ;cif; 10 cif;)wdu
Yk kd wpfywfwpfBudrf ppfwrf;aumufyg/
ysKd;cif;wpfcif;pDtwGuf Z,m;wpfckpDudk oHk;yg/ )
pyg;ysdK;cif;twGuf taxGaxG owif;tcsuftvuf (wpfBudrf,lowif;tcsuftvuf)
pcef;^
pyg;rsK;d
pyg;pku
d &f moD
rsKd;aphEeI ;f
pyg;pku
d f rsKd;aphaq;pD&ifjcif;
aus;&Gm
(uDv*dk &rf^{u) apm ykrH eS f aemufus onfhaeY aq;trnf EIe;f xm;
trnf a'orsKd; pyfrsKd;
42
Z,m; 1
tcsyfykd 3
tyd k i f ; 2
pyg;ysdK;cif;ppfaq;jcif; (tydik ;f 1 ESiphf yfvsOf;aom tydik ;f 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
okawoepcef;âus;&Gmtrnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ppfaq;onfah eU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pyg;ysdK;cif; tif;qufzsufydk;rsm;ESifha&m*grsm;twGuf Z,m;pm&Guf
avmifrD;ykd;
wpfpwk&ef; pyg;qpfykd; t&G,fa&muf o&pfy;dk zsufq;D jcif;
ay pyg;uGuf Ota& aumifta& (pyg;&Guf3ykH1ykHausmf
twGuf
&Guv
f yd yf gu)
twGuf
ajc&mcHawGUôif^h qk;d 0g;
*kwfusKd;a&m*g
yk;d owfaq;zsef;jcif;

YES/NO
ajc&mcHawGUôif^h qk;d 0g; YES [kazmfjyygu
ajc&mcHawGUôif^h qk;d 0g; aq;trnf . . . . .
ajc&mcHawGUôif^h qk;d 0g; aq;EIe;f xm; . . . . .
pyg;ysKd;cif;wGif avhvmppfaq;&eftwGuf vrf;Tefcsufrsm;
.
.
.
pyg;ysdK;cif;wGif okawoepcef;rS ysdK;cif;wpfcif;ESihf ysdK;cif; q,fcif; (a&G;cs,fxm;aom

aus;&Gmwpf&mG pDrS ysKd cif;wpfcif;pD) wdUk udk avhvmppfaq;um rSwo
f m;yg/ ysKd ;cif;wpfcif;pDrS
wpfpwk&ef;ay&Sd aumufuGuf 5 uGuf (e,fedrdwftwGif; tenf;qHk; 3 ay tuGm&Sd
axmifhrsm;wGif 4 ae&m ESifh A[dkwGif 1 ae&m) udk usyef;a&G;cs,fyg/
aumufuu
G w
f pfuu
G pf rD S pyg;qpfy;kd OjrHKpkpak ygif;ESihf pyg;avmifr;D yd;k t&G,af &mufaumif
ta&twGufwdkYudk rSwfom;yg/
o&pfy;kd ESihf pyg;*kwu
f sdK;a&m*gtwGuf zsufq;D rI yrmPudk atmufwiG af zmfjyxm;onfh
pau;twdkif; owfrSwfyg/
ajc&mcHawGU&Sdjcif; - o&pfy;kd wnf&jdS cif;ESihf vuPmrsm; (pyg;&Guf 3 yHk 1 yHk
ausmf vdyfaejcif;) ESifh *kwfusdK;a&m*gvuPmrsm;udk ysdK;yif 25 atmuf
awGU&Sjd cif;/
toifhtwifh qdk;0g;pGmusa&mufjcif; - o&pfydk; odkYr[kwf *kwfusdK;a&m*g

wnf&Sdjcif;ESifh vuPmrsm;udk ysdK;yif 25-50 Mum;awGU&djScif;/
qdk;0g;pGmusa&mufjcif; - o&pfydk; odkUr[kwf *kwfusdK;a&m*gwnf&Sdjcif;ESifh

vuPmrsm;udk ysdK;yif 50 ausmfawGU&Sdjcif;/
43
Z,m; 2
tcsyfykd 4
pyg;ydk;rTm;a&m*gppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;
(yHkaoowfrSwfxm;aom pyg;cif;twGuf a,bk,s owif;tcsuftvuf pyg;&moDtpwGif wpfBudrfomjznfhpGufyg)
yx0Dqdkif&mtao;pdwf
pdu
k yf sdK;oD;ESH
qdik &f m
&moDOwk ZkH
jynfe,f^
wkid ;f a'oBuD;
ckid f
NrdKUe,f
okawoe
pcef;^
aus;&Gmtrnf
vwDu
sL
yifv,f
avmifwu
D sL a&rsufEmS jyif
txuf
,if;a'o&SdpkdufysKd;enf;pepftao;pdwf
t"dupku
d yf sKd;
enf;pepfrsm;
vGecf ahJ omESpf txGuEf eI ;f

vGefcJhaom 5 ESpftwGif;
a&oGi;f ^
pku
d yf sK;d &moD ykrH eS f
(wif;^{u)
d yf sKd;cJah om oD;ESt
H opfrsm;
rk;d a&aomuf (rk;d OD;^rk;d âEG) pku
d yf sKd;csdef pku
t"dupyg;cif;\ pkdufysKd;a&;qkdif&m tao;pdwf

d cf sdef
pyg;pku
d f rsKd;aph
d ef nf;pepf rsKd;aphEIef; pyg;pku
pyg;cif; v,form; ykaH o owfrw
S f pyg;rsKd; pku
onh
a
f
eYpJG aq;pD&ifjcif;
trnf xm;aompyg;cif; a'o pyf wku
d f u
dk f ysKd; (uDv^dk {u) apm ykrH eS f aemufus
(aq;trnf)
{&d,m({u) rsKd; rsKd; taphcs axmif
ykaH o1
ykaH o2
pyg;cif;
ysKd;cif; ysK;d yiftm;aq;pD&ifjcif; pku

d o
f nhf pyg; yifMum;wef;Mum; ajr ajrBuD; pyg;cif; a&t&if;
aq;zse;f onhf pyg;&Guf tjrpfudk tcsdew
f iG f pku
d o
f nhf (pifwrD w
D m) trsKd; tajc teD;
tjrpf
tBudrf
ukd aq;pdrjf cif; &Sad om &ufpJG yif wef; us tpm; tae pku
d yf sK;d xm; (wl;ajrmif;^
ykaH o1
wdjzwfjcif;
ysK;d ouf
(tvGef aom wGi;f a&)
Mum; Mum; yef;
aumif;^ oD;ESrH sm;
aumif;^
nH)h
ykaH o1
ykaH o2
* yHak oowfrw
S x
f m;aom pyg;cif; 1 ydik &f iS f v,form;\ qufo,
G &f rnfv
h yd pf mESihf w,fvzD ek ;f eHygwf
* yHak oowfrw
S x
f m;aom pyg;cif; 2 ydik &f iS f v,form;\ qufo,
G &f rnfv
h yd pf mESihf w,fvzD ek ;f eHygwf
44
Z,m; 3
pmrsufESm 1
tcsyfykd 5
pyg;zsufydk; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;
okawoepcef;^v,form;
pyg;cif;
pyg;cif;eHygwf yHkaoowfrSwfxm;aom pyg;cif; 1 (zsufydk;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfrxm;)^

yHkaoowfrSwfxm;aom pyg;cif; 2(zsufydk;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfxm;)
ckdif
NrdKUe,f -
avhvmppfaq;onhfaeY-
aus;&Gmtrnf -
pyg;yif\ BuD;xGm;rItqihf-
ysKd;cif;^ysKd;yif^yifyGm;ÊSHpxGufcsdef^yef;yGihfcsdef^taph&ihfrSnhfcsdef
pyg;yif tajctae
tvGefaumif;âumif;^nhH
usyef; pyg;cif;tm; ppfaq;jcif;
aus;&Gmtrnf
avhvmppfaq;onfhaeYpGJvwDusL
avmifwDusL
yifv,fa&rsufESmjyiftxuf
ppfaq;onhf pyg;cif; {&d,m ({u)-
45
Z,m; 3
pmrsufESm 2
pyg;zsufydk;ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;
pyg;zsufykd;rsm;
f rd f
pyg;qpfykd; &Gufvdyf o&pfykd; &Gut
ykd;
ykd;
avmifrD;ykd;
jzKwfndK
jzKwaf Mum tjcm;

jzL jzKwfykd;rsm;
pyg;
pyg;NrHK pkpkaygif;
zsufqD;cH
pkpkaygif;
f ;D cH
zsuq
f ;D cH&tyifzsuq
ESHaqmif
eHygwf yifyGm;
tlykwfÊSHjzL
&aom avmifrD; jzKwfndK aomyifymG ; &jcif;
pyg;&Guf
zsufqD;cH&aom
yifymG ;rsm;
ta&
pyg;&Guf ykd;ta& ta& ta& Yes (1)^ ta&twGuf
pyg;&Guf ta&twGuf
twGuf
ta& twGuf twGuf twGuf No (0)
twGuf
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
46
Z,m; 3
pmrsufESm 3
pyg;zsufykd;rsm;
MuufoeG f &Gufpm;
Nrdwfykd; rTm;
pyg;NrHK
eHygwf aiGa&mif
yifyGm;
ta&
twGuf
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ESHpm;
rTm;
&Sd(1)^r&Sd(0)
pyg;&Gufpm;
claumif
zsufqD;cH
&aompyg;
&Gufta&
twGuf
tjcm;
claumifrsm;
ykwf *ED usKdif; *syk;d tjcm;zsufykd;1 tjcm;zsufykd;2 tjcm;zsufykd;3

apmfeH *syd;k jym euf (--------) (--------) (--------)
*syk;d
zsuyf ;d k eHrnfa&;ygzsuyf ;d k eHrnfa&;ygzsuyf ;d k eHrnfa&;yg
avmuf zsufqD;cH avmuf

aumif &aompyg; aumif
ta& &Gufta& ta&
twGuf twGuf twGuf
47
ta&twGuf
,lepf
,lepf
,lepf
(-------) (-------) (-------)
Z,m; 3
pmrsufESm 4
pyg;a&m*grsm;
tusKd;jyKouf&Sdrsm; (tqifhtm;vkH;)
tpdrf;
kdUAf ajrBuD; ajracG; *kwfusKd; bufw;D &D;,m; &GufndKajymuf &Guftdrf wef*kd
a&mif
bmumeD
&Gufajcmuf
ykwf Akdif;&yfpf
pyg;NrHK rd&pf'f usKdif; usKdif; yihful
eHygwf *syd;k
ta&twGuf
&S d ( 1)^
r&Sd(0)
tqihf ( 0? 1? 3? 5? 7? 9 )
rIdoD;
a&m*gus
pyg;ESHta&twGuf
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
zsufy;dk trnf
1
tif;qufzrf;yku
d f ta&twGuf
3
4
vdycf ;Hk usKdi;f

yifu
h t
l rd ,
f uf
yifu
h rl sm;
xl;qef;aom zsufy;dk usa&mufrjI zpf&yfrsm;
zsufy;dk trnf
pyg;ysufp;D rI%
48
Z,m; 3
pmrsufESm 5
yHkaoowfrSwfxm;aom pyg;cif;rsm;twGufom atmufygwdkUudk rSwfom;yg/
aq;zsef;jcif;
yk;d owfaq;trnf
aq;EIef;xm;
aq;zsef;onht
f Budrf
tif;quftwGuf
pyg;a&m*grsm;twGuf
aygif;rsm;twGuf
ZD0yk;d owfaq; ok;H jcif;
ajrMoZmauR;jcif;
tif;quftwGuf
pyg;a&m*grsm;twGuf
aygif;rsm;twGuf
ZD0yk;d owfaq; ok;H jcif;
Yes / No
Yes / No
tvGet
f uRHo;Hk ^toift
h wiho
f ;Hk ^tok;H enf;
&ufowywf rk;d av0otajctae
tcgr[kwrf ;dk
rk;d oD;rkew
f idk ;f
rkd;onf;xefpGm &Gmjcif;
ajcmufaoGUcsdeMf umjcif;
a&vTr;f jcif;
tylcsdef
tjcm;rSwcf sufrsm;
axmifacsmuf
txGuEf eI ;f
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
jrif^h edr^hf ykrH eS f
zrf;rdaom t0ga&mifpyg;qpfydk;zvH (ta&twGuf)
pyg;wpfwif; vuf&w
dS efz;dk (usyf)
atmufygZ,m;ukd usyef;pyg;cif;ppfaq;&eftwGufom rSwfom;yg

cGpJ w
d af vhvmaom yifymG ;ta&twGuf
t0ga&mifqpfykd;
tjzLa&mifqpfy;dk
yef;a&mifqpfydk;
avmufaumifEiS fh
yk;d wk;H vk;H ta&twGuf
49
tjcm;qpfy;dk rsm;
(acgif;eufqpfy;dk ?
tpif;Mum;qpfykd; ponf)
Z,m; 4
tcsyfydk 6
ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfha'o avmifwDusL -
vwDusL yifv,fa&rsufESmjyiftxuf -
rkd;av0oowif;tcsuftvufrsm; (teD;qkH; ae&m^ okawoepcef;tay:tajccHyg)

aeYpJG
tjrifq
h ;Hk
tylcsdef
( HC )
tedrq
hf ;Hk
tylcsdef
( HC )
pkdxkdif;q (%)
reufcif;
naecif;
50
rk;d a&csdef
(vufr)
aeylcsdef avwku
d Ef eI ;f
(em&D) (rkdifêm&D)
Z,m; 5
pyg;zsufykd;ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;
ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfha'o vwDusL avmifwDusL -
tcsyfydk 7
okawoepcef;rS rD;axmifacsmufwGif zrf;rdaom zsufydk;rsm;ukd rSwfom;jcif;

zsufy;dk
trnf
aeYpJG
---^---^------^---^------^---^------^---^------^---^------^---^------^---^---
wevFm
t*Fg
Ak'[
;l Mumoyaw; aomMum
pae
t0ga&mif
pyg;qpfykd;
yef;a&mif
pyg;qpfykd;
tjzLa&mif
pyg;qpfykd;
acgif;euf
pyg;qpfykd;
MuufoeG Nf rw
d yf ;dk
&Gupf m;jzKwfprd ;f
jzKwfnKd
aMumjzLjzwfy;dk
&Gupf m;jzKwfjzL
vIP
d ;f wGeyYf yHk g
&Gupf m;jzKwfy;dk
&Guv
f yd yf ;dk
rd&pf'f *sykd;pdrf;
vdycf ;Hk usKdi;f
*syk;d euf
*ED*syk;d
&Guaf owl
vdyjf ym
&Gupf m;zvH
51
we*FaEG
ta&;BuD;aom tif;qufzsufydk;rsm;ESifh tusdK;jyKouf&Sdrsm;\ odyHeHrnfrsm;

trnf
odyt
H rnf
eHygwf
tif ; quf r sm;
1/ t0ga&mifpyg;qpfydk;
2/ yef;a&mifpyg;qpfydk;
3/ tjzLa&mifpyg;qpfy;kd
4/ acgif;eufpyg;qpfydk;
5/ tpif;Mum;pyg;qpfydk;
6/ &Gufpm;zvH
7/ &Gufjzwfydk;
8/ OD;csdKygpyg;&Gufjzwfydk;
9/ arT;xlcl0g
10/ &Guv
f yd yf ;kd
11/ MuufoeG Nf rw
d yf ;kd
12/ ykwaf pmfe*H syd;k
13/ *E*D syd;k
14/ *syd;k euf
15/ usKdi;f jym
16/ pyg;avmifr;D yd;k
17/ &Gupf m;rTm;
18/ ESHpm;rTm;
19/ o&pfy;kd
20/ jzKwfndK
21/ aMumjzLjzKwfy;kd
22/ vdIPf;wGefYyHkyg &Gufpm;jzKwfydk;
23/ &Gupf m;jzKwfprd ;f
24/ &Gupf m;jzKwfjzL
pyg;a&m*grsm;
1/ pyg;*kwfusdK;a&m*g
2/ pyg;&Gut
f rd af jcmufa&m*g
3/ bufw;D &D;,m;&Guaf jcmufa&m*g
4/ &Gun
f Kd ajymufa&m*g
5/ &Gut
f rd af jcmufa&m*g
6/ bmumaea&m*g
7/ pyg;rdIoD;a&m*g
tjcm;zsuf y d k ; rsm;
1/ <uuf
2/ *Pef;
tusd K ;jyKouf & S d r sm;
1/ vdyfcHk;usdKif;rsm;
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
yifu
h t
l rd ,
f ufyifu
h rl sm;
&dkUAf usdKif;
ajrBuD;usdKif;
ajracG;yifu
h l
rd&pf'f *sydk;pdrf;
Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)

Sesamia inferens (Walker)
Scirpophaga innotata (Walker)
Chilo polychrysus (Meyrick)
Chilo suppressalis (Meyrick)
Spodoptera mauritia Boisdual
Nymphula depunctalis Stagnalis
Melanitis leda ismene Cramer; Mycalesis sp.
Psalis pennatula (Fabricius)
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee)
Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason
Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius)
Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg)
Scotinophora coaractata Fabricius
Leptisma pygmoea Baly
Dicladispa armigera Olivier
Olygonychus oryzae (Hirst)
Steneotarsonemus spinkii Smiley
Stenchaetothrips biformis Bagnall
Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)
Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)
Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky)
N. nigropictus (Distant)
Cofana spectra (Distant); C. unimacultata (Signoret)
Pyricularia oryzae Cav.
Rhizoctonia solani Khn
Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Dye
Helminthosporium oryzae (Breda de Haan)
Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada)
Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg; F. moniliforme
Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah
Rattus rattus (Linnaeus); Bandicota bengalensis Gray
Eriocheir sinensis (Milne-Edwards)
Micraspis hirashimai Sasaji; Harmonia octomaculata
Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus
Tetragnatha; Argiope; Araenus; Oxyopes
Paederus fuscipes (Curtis)
Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt - Goebel)
Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boes. & Strand)
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter
52
tcsyf y k d 8
uk d ; um;csuf
NICRA team of rice pest surveillance 2011. Manual for Rice Pest Surveillance.
Jointly published by National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New
Delhi, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture and Directorate of
Rice Research, Hyderabad. 40 pp.
53

DR Ko Ko Second Final Book

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DR Ko Ko Second Final Book

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trSmpm

2.2.4.1.5.3/ o&pfy;dk zsufq;D rIvuPm

2.2.4.1.8.3/ bufw;D &D;,m;&Guaf jcmufa&m*g (BLB)

2.3.4.5/ tpif;Mum; pyg;qpfy;dk

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

2/ ppf w rf ; aumuf , l & ef tpD t pOf E S i f h enf ; vrf ; rsm;

ae&m (uefoif;twGif; tenf;qHk; 3 ay

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ; - wpfpwk&ef;aywpfuGuf&Sd ysdK;yifrsm;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

2 .11 .22 .11 .33 o&pf y d k ;

pyg;ysKd;cif;wGif o&pfykd; zsufqD;xm;jcif;

MunhfSLavhvm&eftwGuf enf;vrf; - a&G;cs,fxm;aom aumufuu

qdk;0g;pGmusa&mufjcif; - ysdK;yifrsm;wGif o&pfydk;wnf&Sdjcif;ESifh vuPmrsm;tm;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

2 .11 .22 .11 .44 pyg;*k w f u sd K ;a&m*g

MunhfSLavhvm&eftwGuf enf;vrf; - a&G;cs,fxm;aom ae&m&Sd ysdK;yifrsm;ay:rS

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

pyg;cif;wpfcif;wGif avhvmppfaq;&eftwGuf ae&m 5 ae&mudk a&G;cs,fjcif;

pyfvsOf;aom ppfaq;avhvmcsufrsm;udk Z,m; 3 &Sd pmrsufEmS 3 ESihf pmrsufEmS

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

ppf a q;Munh f & I & ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 tif ; quf z suf y d k ; rsm;

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .22 pyg;&G u f v d y f y d k ; zsuf q D ; rI v u P m

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

Munh f & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f & I a vh v m&ef w G u f enf ; vrf ;

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .10

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .11

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .12

Munf h & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

&Gufpm;rTm;u pyg;yifudk zsufqD;jcif;

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

2 .22 .44 .11 .55 .14

avmufaumifrsm; &Syd gu pyg;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

arT;0ga&mif claumif&Sdjcif;aMumifh pyg;&Guf

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

Munh f & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

tpdrf;a&mif rd&pf'f *sydk;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f vk y f i ef ; pOf

Munh f S L avh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

pyg;zsufykd;rsm; ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; vufpGJ

Munh f & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

Munh f & I a vh v m&ef t wG u f enf ; vrf ;

2 .11 .22 .11 .44 pyg;k w f u sd K ;a&mg

toifhtwifh qdk;0g;pGmusa&mufjcif; - o&pfydk; odkYr[kwf kwfusdK;a&mg

qdk;0g;pGmusa&mufjcif; - o&pfydk; odkUr[kwf kwfusdK;a&mgwnf&Sdjcif;ESifh

ykwf ED usKdif; syk;d tjcm;zsufykd;1 tjcm;zsufykd;2 tjcm;zsufykd;3