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By Manas,
Matt, Chris
Located in the basin of the river Indus, which flows through present day
Pakistan
Ended about 1500 BCE
Two major cities have been uncovered, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, which
has given us the alternative name of Harappan culture
cities housed about 40,000 people with sophisticated water systems; most
houses having drainage systems, wells, and trash chutes
Grain was the basis of the economy
collected grain as tax.
Religion in the Indus valley involved temple rituals and ritual bathing in the
'great bath'
There is some evidence of animal sacrifice
Two major theories about the development of early south Asian traditions
Indus Valley groups self named 'Aryans' migrated and became the
dominant cultural force and Hinduism was a mix of indigenous traditions
they encountered
Early vedic religion centred around the sacrifice to their many gods
who lived in the realms of Earth, atmosphere, and sky
Earth contains the plant god Soma, the fire god Agni, and the god
of priestly power, Brhaspati.
The Atmosphere contains the warrior Indra, the wind Vayu, the
storm gods or Maruts and the terrible Rudra
The Sky contains the sky god Dyaus (from the same root as Zeus),
the Lord of cosmic law (or rta) Varuna, his friend the god of night
Mitra, the nourisher Pushan, and the pervader Vishnu.
Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833): presented Hinduism as rational and founded the
Brahmo Samaj.
Dayananda Sarasvati (1824-1883): Wanted a return to vedic religion, emphasized
an eternal and omnipotent god.
Paramahamsa Ramakrishna (1836-1886): wanted unity in all religions
Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948): Politician who helped to negotiate independence
from the British Raj; followed the ideals of ahimsa (non-violence) and suggested
open-minded patriotism. He was assassinated in 1948.
Hindutva is a term that means hindu-ness that was coined in order to act a socioeconomic force to unite the Indian people.
Many Hindus began a movement to the west, to places such as Britain and
North America. Missionaries also began to spread Hinduism.
By the late 1960s, Transcendental Meditation began to gain popularity and
was practiced by celebrities. Eg: The Beatles
Another movement spread quickly, called the Hare Krishna, where followers
sported shaved heads and saffron robes.
Many new Hindus were attracted to the non-sectarian spiritual aspects of
Hinduism, such as yoga. Many avoided the political aspects.
By the turn of the millennium, many Hindu communities had been
established and prospered in society.
Many Hindus are now turning their attention to major issues such as castes
and women's rights in their societies.
Works Cited
"Corruption Leads to Grain, Gas Shortfall in Ukraine Economy Minister." Corruption Leads to Grain,Gas.
Shortfall in Ukraine Economy Minister. N.p., 8 Feb. 2015. Web. 07 Apr. 2016.
Flood, Gavin. "History of Hinduism." BBC. BBC, 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 7 Apr. 2016.
Guruprasad. "The Story of Airport Road Shiva Temple." Guruprasad's Portal. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016.
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2003. Print.
"Puri Jagannath Temple | Char Dham | Myoksha." Myoksha. N.p., 16 Dec. 2015. Web. 07 Apr. 2016.
Sarbatoare, Octavian. "Yajna - Vedic Sacrifices in Hinduism." Yajna - Vedic Sacrifices in Hinduism. N.p.,
2002. Web. 07 Apr. 2016.
"Unsolved Mysteries India." Indus Valley Civilization of Harappa ~. N.p., 2016. Web. 07 Apr. 2016.