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Turbidity is a measure of the lighttransmitting properties of water.

The colloidal and residual suspended
matter cause turbidity.

J
P

The density of a wastewater sample is the
mass for unit volume.
This is temperature dependent.
This value varies with the concentration of
the total solids in the wastewater.

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25












T

A well-mixed sample is filtered through a

weighed standard glass- fiber filter paper and
the residue retained on the filter is dried to a
constant weight at 103C to 105 C.
The increase in weight of the filter represents the
total suspended solids.
Nominal pore size of the filter paper is 1.2-2
micrometers.
3

The residue from the total solid test is ignited to a

constant weight at 550C.

The remaining solids represents the fixed suspended

solids while the weight lost on ignition is the volatile
suspended solids.
solids.

The residue from the suspended solids test is ignited to a

constant weight at 550C.

The remaining solids represent the total fixed solids

while the weight lost on ignition is the total volatile solids.
solids

:
E

The weight lost on ignition Volatile Solids (VS)

M

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Total Organic Carbon ( TOC )

Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD)

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d


p

Organic matter + O 2 CO 2 +H 2 O + cell mass







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Nitrification in the BOD test

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t

Petri dish with

sterile absorbent
nutrient pad

Add 2 mL of
m-endo broth
(selective
media)

Place membrane
filter in the petri
dish on top of
the nutrient pad

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