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The wall-to-floor ratio of a building is calculated by dividing the external wall area by the gross
internal floor area. This indicates the proportion of external wall required to enclose a given
floor area.
A reasonable ratio on central London offices is considered to be in the order of 0.40, with 0.35
and below being regarded as very efficient and significant articulation or indentation capable
of pushing it over 0.50.
The simple illustrations below give basic indications of how varying storey height and
perimeter length (driven by the shape of the building and the articulation of the faade)
with the same floor area, can affect the ratio.
Standard
Shape
It is worth noting that a circular plan is the most efficient shape in terms of wall to floor ratio as
indicated below:
However, if there is a central light well with no roof and the walls therefore being external,
then that should be included in the calculation. This is diagrammatically represented in plan
as follows:
The efficiency (in terms of wall-to-floor ratio) of different parts of the building should be
considered and presented separately. Roof plant and basement areas, for example, can
distort the efficiency of the main faade and floor plates. A simple section representing the
areas that should be included in the calculation for the main faade is as follows:
This is an increase in the faade cost of 650,300 equating to 12.5% of the faade
cost and approximately 2% of the overall total shell and core cost.