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Four Resources Model3 in conjunction with other literacies, such as visual image
literacies, to scaffold student learning in the creation of these multimodal texts
(Ludwig, 2003; Derewianka & Jones, 2013; Quality Teacher Program, 2002).
Instead of being given primary sources to analyse, students will create their own
propaganda poster using software, they will then share the product with the
class and wider community. It is then envisioned that students will use the skills
they learned in creating these texts to underpin their selection of research for
their research paper.
3
Four resources model involves breaking the codes and conventions, making
meaning through the deconstruction of the text and understanfing everything is
produced for a reason, understanding how the text is used, and being able to
analyse it
Revised unit
The unit is now 8 weeks instead of 6 to incorporate time for the new task, it also
eliminates part one of the summative assessment and a formative task on
primary sources in favour of the new tasks that are to be described below.
Key for revised unit:
-
Revised Unit
Summative:
Summative:
have to:
Choose an issue
it a primary or secondary
relationship to event?);
create
-
What are its motives? Does it ability to choose an issue and a stance
conventional narrative?)
For this source analysis students will
be assessed upon their ability to
incorporate these ideas and steps
into their responses. They will need
to show understanding of the big
ideas that underpin this unit.
Task
New Task
No Changes
Lessons 1-4
2
Lesson 5-8
Lesson 8 task:
This task builds upon student understanding of the European war through
will be moved into groups of four and be given a range of posters that differ
in origin. It is then the task of the students to analyse these using the steps
brainstormed as a class.
New Week 3
Lesson 9-12
Brainstorm with class the idea of propaganda, see what they already know and understand about it
Look at an example of WWII propaganda and briefly get students to share what they think it presents (not
looking for detailed deconstruction yet)
Get students to explore, using the internet, to find an example of modern propaganda (link)
o Will need to explicitly outline the sources expected, that they need to be media advertisements that
were shared nationally/globally
From their findings, ask them how the medium of propaganda may have changed since WWII posters, are
there new platforms being used? New inclusions or exclusions from the WWII example used earlier in class?
(four resources model - code breaker, text user)
Pick one example of propaganda discovered by students and try to decipher the message behind it. Get
them to challenge and critique the text. Where was the text found? Is it trying to position the viewer in any
way? Is it a reliable representation? What does it include/omit? Whats its message? (joint construction/cocreate/challenge)
o Begin to introduce them to the grammar of visual images
Students will then do the same with the original WWII propaganda example by themselves being directed
by the teacher when needed (independent construction/co-create)
(Mills & Levido, 2011; Ludwig, 2003; Derewianka & Jones, 2013; Quality Teacher Program, 2002)
Task 2:
-
Now that students have an understanding on how propaganda positions people to see a certain point of
view, they will begin to learn the conventions and codes of print propaganda to be able to effectively
deconstruct the text (code breaker 4 resources model)
Students will be presented with two opposing WWII propaganda posters, they will need to identify the
similarities and differences
Once this is done as a class they will go over the images, using the grammar of visual images and using
other techniques such as angles, perspective and other photographic and filmic techniques that can be
adapted to help them analyse visual images (code breaker 4 resources model, grammar of visual images,
joint construction)
Instead of being given a document that outlines the different things to look for and codes and conventions,
students will first work together with the teacher to create their own and then the teacher will fill in the
gaps on the missing information (joint construction, code breaker)
Now that the students can effectively deconstruct and critically use propaganda, they will need to develop
their ability to make meaning through the codes and conventions, something further developed from
previous lessons where they were asked about the message of the texts (meaning maker four resources
model)
(Ludwig, 2003; Derewianka & Jones, 2013; Quality Teacher Program, 2002)
Task 3
-
As students will be required to apply their skills to create their own propaganda poster in the next lessons,
this lesson will focus on how to use the platform they will be using to create their texts, Adobe Photoshop
(if school doesnt have Photoshop then a similar software will suffice)
Teacher will see which students know how to use it and who doesnt, will create pairs or groups where at
least one member has experience with the software. Since they will need to create propaganda on a
current issue in society, for this task they will co-create an advertisement for an upcoming school event that
they are involved in, for example athletics carnival
Teacher will then go through the features of Photoshop and how to use it with students while they all
create the poster on their devices (deconstruction, code breaker, co-create, joint construction)
Once the basis is done, students may add to their version of the poster and familiarize themselves with the
software (co-create, independent construction)
Students will be asked to come up with an issue in present society, preferably one that effects them, for
homework as this will be the basis for their individual product
(Mills & Levido, 2011; Ludwig, 2003; Derewianka & Jones, 2013)
This task will require students to apply their new skills. Students will be able to create their own
propaganda poster using Adobe Photoshop, or a similar software. Using this, students will be able to use
the internet to find images or change other propaganda posters to have new meaning. They will need to set
their poster in the 21st century, dealing with a present issue of their choice. They will need to use their
understanding of codes and conventions to create new meaning on a current issue.
10
Teacher will go over the skills and features looked at in the previous lesson and allow for further practice if
needed
Students will then begin to source their own information and create their piece (challenge, text user,
meaning maker, independent construction, co-create)
Students will be given 3 hours in total to complete this (one hour this week and two next)
Once this task is complete students are to share their work on the school website so that the community
can engage with their work (share)
(Mills & Levido, 2011; Ludwig, 2003; Derewianka & Jones, 2013)
New Week 4
Lesson 13-16
Task 4 continues
Task 5
-
In order to comply with the skills required in the curriculum students will now begin learn how to analyse
primary sources using the WIneburg model from the original unit. Explicit scaffolding will ensue with joint
construction helping them to understand what is needed
They will analyse a peers poster using the framework in order to strengthen their analytical skills and be
ready for analysing actual primary sources in the next week
(Derewianka & Jones, 2013; Wineburg, 2001)
11
3
Lesson 9-12
Now becomes
week 5
Lesson 17-20
Lesson 12 task:
This task is similar to the one above and builds upon students primary
involvement in the war and the reasons they were sent home from combat.
Students will need to analyse a document from the pack (see appendix 4)
and evaluate its position and merits using the adapted process mentioned in original task, as they havent been
the assessment section. Students will need to effectively follow this process
Students will then post their analysis to Google docs so that it is accessible
(Wineburg, 2001)
No Changes
becomes week 6
Old week 5 now
No Changes
becomes week 7
12
No Changes
becomes week 8
13
Justification
The new revised unit still maintains the original learning outcomes and
assessment requirements as outlined in the curriculum, however with the
inclusion of multiliteracies through exploration of multimodality the unit now
promotes a more holistic learning experience, taking advantage of the digital
nature of students (Walsh, 2011). In revising the first summative through using
the iPed approach students are able to actively participate in their learning and
understand how history relates to modern society and their own life, through
explicitly teaching historical skills (Mills & Levido, 2011). Through the inclusion of
the teaching and learning cycle and the four resources model, coupled with the
relevant aspects of the iPed approach, students are able to attain the relevant
skills needed to not only deconstruct and understand the texts they are
presented with in class but also the texts within wider society, with the skills
being taught throughout these approaches and models having real life
applications (Mills & Levido, 2011; Ludwig, 2003; Derewianka & Jones, 2013).
The new unit allows students to create their learning, instead of passively
receiving it, they are able work together, teach each other and share with their
peers. The inclusion of these models and approaches significantly improve the
application of history in the classroom.
14
Reference List
Burn, A. (2013). The kineikonic mode: Towards a multimodal approach to moving
image media. Retrieved from
http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/3085/1/KINEIKONIC_MODE.pdf.
Derewianka, B., & Jones, P. (2013). Teaching Language in Context. South
Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
Healy, A. (2000). Visual Literacy: Reading and the Contemporary Text
Environment. In Campbell, R., & Green, D, Literacies and Learners:
Current Perspectives (pp155-172). Australia: Pearson Education.
Knobel, M., & Healy, A. (1998). Critical Literacies: An Introduction. In Knobel, M.,
& Healy, A, Critical Literacies in the Primary Classroom (pp1-12). Australia:
Primary Education Teaching Association.
Ludwig, C. (2003). Making Sense of Literacy. Retrieved from
https://www.alea.edu.au/documents/item/53.
Mills, K.A., & Levido, A. (2011). iPed: Pedagogy for Digital Text Production. The
Reading Teacher, 65(1), 80-91.
Quality Teacher Program. (2002). An introduction to the grammar of visual
design. Retrieved from
http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/secondary/english/assets/
pdf/grammar.pdf
Seixas, P. & Morton, T. (2013). The Big Six: Historical Thinking Concepts. Toronto,
Canada: Nelson Education.
Walsh, M. (2011). Multimodal Literacy: Researching Classroom Practice.
Australia: Primary English Teaching Association.
Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2012). Understanding by Design Framework.
Retrieved from
http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/UbD_WhitePaper
0312.pdf.
Wineburg, S. (2001). Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the
Future of Teacher the Past. Philadelphia: Temple University Press
15
Appendices
Year Level: 10
Depth Study: WWII
Duration: 6 Weeks (24 lessons or equivalent)
Stage 1 Desired Results
Established Goal(s)/Content Standard(s):
World War II
-
An examination of significant events of World War II, including the Holocaust and use
of the atomic bomb (ACDSEH107)
The experiences of Australians during World War II (such as Prisoners of War (POWs),
the Battle of Britain, Kokoda, the Fall of Singapore) (ACDSEH108)
The impact of World War II, with a particular emphasis on the Australian home front,
including the changing roles of women and use of wartime government controls
(conscription, manpower controls, rationing and censorship) (ACDSEH109)
Historical Skills
-
Identify and locate relevant sources, using ICT and other methods (ACHHS186)
Identify the origin, purpose and context of primary and secondary sources
(ACHHS187)
Evaluate the reliability and usefulness of primary and secondary sources (ACHHS189)
Identify and analyse the perspectives of people from the past (ACHHS190)
Develop texts, particularly descriptions and discussions that use evidence from a
range of sources that are referenced (ACHHS192)
Select and use a range of communication forms (oral, graphic, written) and digital
technologies (ACHHS193)
Essential Question(s):
16
perspectives
2015)
opportunities
-
Student Outcomes:
Students will be able to:
-
Use primary and secondary sources to inform decision and aid in the creation of
discussion and debate;
Draw upon ideas of change and continuity and cause and consequence in discovering
17
Analyse different perspectives, both primary and secondary, and evaluate their
reliability and usefulness;
Formative:
assessments throughout this unit. There will summative and little informal formative
be a pretest at the beginning of the unit to
Summative:
There will be two summative assessments in are dealt with as quickly as possible.
this unit, one mid way through the unit to
18
19
20
Essential question/s
What causes such a
Cause and
Task
Weekly Focus - Causes of WWII:
Resources
Padlet
Assessment
Lesson: Exit Pass
Lesson 2 task:
Historical
endeavors to
allow a dictatorship
Perspective
formatively assess
student understanding
lead to.
learning in a
collaboratively way.
to take hold?
Concepts
21
Continuity and
Propaganda Posters:
of global conflict
Change &
Lesson 8 task:
Analysis
Primary
3.
twentieth century?
Sources &
(VCAA, 2015)
Historical
skills, endeavoring to
Significance
build student
continue to function
in a time of conflict?
How does a
document is
government maintain
contestable
people?
3
Lesson
9-12
Continuity and
Historical Documents:
Primary Source
of global conflict
Change &
Lesson 12 task:
See Appendix 4
Analysis
Primary
twentieth century?
Sources &
(VCAA, 2015)
Historical
skills, endeavoring to
Significance
build student
continue to function
22
in a time of conflict?
document is
contestable
Ethical
Jigsaw
Lesson
Dimension
events:
13-16
time?
Lesson 15 task:
What factors
contribute to people
the formative
assessment.
a wrongdoing?
How does a
government maintain
people?
23
Historical
Lesson
consequences of
Perspectives &
Aftermath:
17-20
Cause and
Lesson 20 task:
did these
Consequence
consequences shape
& Continuity
(VCAA, 2015)
Historical
Significance
conflict change
society?
Historical
Society affected by
Significance
Lesson 21 task:
24
Lesson
other significant
20-24
conflict change
society?
conflict evolved?
25