DataCollection

Article#1

Article#2

Purpose

Methods

Results

Typeof
Stem
Cell
Used
Todeterminethe
Outbredratsofthe
TBIdestroystheareaof MMSC
effectof
same/similarweight
thebrainresponsiblefor NSC
systematic
weredividedintothree motoractivityand
administrationof groupsandgiventhe
traumatizesthe
multipotent
sameTBI.Group1was organismasawhole.
mesenchymal
thecontrolgroup,
Transplantationofstem
stemcellson
Group2was
cellshelpedratsto
impaired
administeredMMSCs,
regainsensorimotor
neurologicalstatus andGroup3was
functions.Attheendof
inratswithTBI
administeredNSCs.
theexperiment,
Neurologicalstatuswas destructionofthebrain
evaluatedbeforeTBI
tissuewasmuchless
andondays3,5,7,14, pronouncedingroups2
and21.
and3.
Toevaluatethe
MiceweregivenTBI
Thetransplantationof
NSC
abilityof
uniformly.Allmice
NSCssignificantly
transplantedNSCs wererandomlyputinto improvedmotor
toattenuateboth
groupsandinjected
functionintherats
cognitiveand
witheitherNSCsor
(comparedtocontrol
neurological
controlcells.Onegroup group).However,
motordeficits
ofratswaskilledduring cognitivefunctionwas
afterTBI
theexperiment(1and3 unaffectedby
weeks)toassessNSC
transplantation.NSCs
survivalinthebrain.In cansurviveinthebrain
theothergroups,motor forupto13weeks.

TestsUsedto
Assess
Cognitive
Function
Limb
simulation,
Cylindertest

RotatingPole
Test
RotarodTest,
MorrisWater
Maze

Conclusions/
Limitations

Stemcellshaveapositiveimpact
ontheeffectofTraumaticBrain
Injury.NSCshadprimarily
neuroprotectiveeffects,while
MMSCshelpedwithregeneration
ofmusclesandantiinflammation.
Thisstudyshowsthatstemcell
treatmentsforTBIcouldbe
possible.However,stemcell
treatmentswerecomparedtono
treatmentatallitwouldbemore
tellingifstemcelltreatmentswere
comparedwiththetreatments
availabletoday.
AfterTBI,micehadseverely
decreasedspatiallearningability,
aswellasdecreasedcognitiveand
motorfunction.After
transplantationofNSCs,motor
functionimproved,butcognitive
functiondidnot.Cellsmustbe
transplantedwithin3daysof
receivingTBI.Thisstudyshows
thatNSCinjectionscouldbeused
tohelptreatTBI,astheyimprove

Article#3

Todiscussthe
currentstatusof
stemcell
treatmentsfor
TBI,including
basiccelltypes,
potential
mechanisms,data,
andlimitations

Article#4

Toinvestigatethe
effectofhMSCs
(humanbone

functionwasevaluated
weeklyfor12weeks.
Cognitiveandlearning
deficitswereassessedat
weeks3and12.
Noseparateexperiment
wasdone.Inthisarticle,
authorssynthesized
informationalready
availabletomaketheir
ownconclusions.

certainaspectsofthebrain.
However,adifferentsolutionstill
needstobefoundforcognitive
function.
NSCscantargetbrain
injuriesandundergo
neurogenesis.However,
thisfieldisstill
significantly
underdeveloped.
Scientistsstilldonot
understandhowstem
cellssignaltheother
cellsinthebrainto
repairthemselves.

hMSCsweretakenfrom Whengiventhehigher
threedonorsand
doseofhMSCs
injectedintothetail
(2x10^6),functional

ESCs
NSCs
iPS
MSCs
ADSCs

N/Ano
separate
experiment
wasrunfor
thisjournal
article

hMSCs

RotarodTest,
Modified
Neurological

TBIhasmanysevereimplications
andcancauseirreparabledamage
tothebrain.Stemcellsshow
incrediblepotentialforbeingable
totreatTBI.Whileallofthestem
cellslistedinthefourthcolumndo
havethepotentialtotreatstem
cellsduetotheirpluripotency,
thereiscurrentlymoreevidence
surroundingNSCs.Morestudies
havebeendonefocusingonthis
particulartypeofstemcellthan
anyother.Whilethereispotential
forstemcelltreatments,the
scientificcommunitystillhasalot
tolearn.Scientistsarestillunsure
ofwhatcausesthesignalssentby
stemcellsinthebrainandwhere
neurogenesiscanoccur(currently,
onlyin2areasbutscientistare
tryingtoseeiftheycaninduceit
elsewhere)Morepreclinical
researchisnecessarybefore
clinicaltrialscanbegin.
ThedatasuggeststhathMSCsmay
beabletobeusedasapotential
therapytotreatTBI.hMSCscould

marrowstromal
cells)on
functional
outcomeafterTBI

veinsofrats24hours
afterbeinggivenTBI.
Groups1and2both
receivedhMSCs,
althoughgroup2was
givenahigherdosage.
Group3ratswerethe
controltheyreceived
salinesolution.
Neurologicalfunction
wasevaluatedandall
ratswerekilled1month
afterinjurytoidentify
survivabilityofhMSCs.

outcomesoftherats
weresignificantly
improved.The
transplantedhMSCs
successfullymadeitto
theinjuredareaofthe
brainandsurrounded
theinjurysite.Someof
thecellsshowed
neuronalandastrocytic
markers.

Severity
Score

betakenfromapatientsownbone
marrow,expandedinculture,and
usedasatreatment.Resultsshow
neurologicalfunctionimproved
significantly.However,apatients
owncellsdonotreplicatequickly
enoughtobeabletobeusedas
treatment.Currently,technologyis
beingdevelopedtoincreasethe
proliferationofhMSCs.Whilethis
isasignificantstep,thetechnology
necessarytoprovidethese
treatmentsisfarfrombeingready.