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02TermsSpecialNeeds
Term
Definition
Hearingimpairments
hearingimpaired
Apersonwhohasatleastsomedegreeofhearingloss
mildhearingloss
Duetoaminordegreeofhearingloss,achildsvocabularywillnotbeaslargeasthatofhis/her
peerswhohavenormalhearing
profoundhearing
loss
Alargeamountofhearinglosswithlittleunderstandablespeech
Visionimpairments
amblyopia
Thisdisorderistheresultofamuscleimbalancecausedbydisuseoftheeyealsocalledlazy
eye.
glaucoma
Aconditioncausedbyfailureoftheeyefluidtocirculateintheproperway.Overtimethepressure
destroystheopticnerve.
nearsightedness
(myopia)
Inabilitytoseethingsthatarefaraway
farsightedness
(hyperopia)
Inabilitytoseethingsthatareclose
colordeficiency
(colorblindness)
Ahereditaryproblemorinabilitytoseeacolor,ususallyoneormoreprimarycolors
tactile
Thesenseoftouch
olfactory
Thesenseofsmell
auditory
Thesenseofsound
Physicalandmotorimpairments
ambulatory
Abletomovefromplacetoplace
amputation
Removalofoneofapersonsappendagese.g.,legorarm
augmentative
communication
device
Adeviceusedtohelpachildwithcerebralpalsycommunicatehaspicturesforthechildtopoint
to.
milddisabilities
Smallorminorimpairmentsthatcausechildrentoneedmoretimetomoveaboutordotasks
moderate
disabilities
Mediumlevelimpairmentsthatmeanachildcandosomethingsforhimself/herself,butstillneeds
adaptations
severedisability
Seriousdisabilitythatpreventsachildfrommovingindependently
prosthesis
Anartificialarmorleg
spinabifida
Acongenitalconditioninwhichpartofthespinalcordprotrudesthroughthespinalcolumn,
causinglossofvoluntarymovementinlowerbody
Giftedness
acceleration
Agiftedchildisassignedtoaclasswitholderchildren
giftedness
AchildwithexceptionalskillsandIQinoneormoreofsixspecificareasofintelligence
Cognitiveimpairments
attentiondeficit
disorder(ADD)
Achildwhohastroublestayingontaskandiseasilydistracted
learningdisability
Achildwhohasaproblemwithoneormorebasicskillsoflearning
articulation
problems
Omissions,distortions,orsubstitutionsofvowels/consonantsboth
lazytongue
Anarticulationproblemcausedbyinabilityofthetonguetoformsoundsasintended
babytalk
Useofincorrectwordsintendedtoplaywithchildrennotanappropriatemodelforchildrento
emulate
breathyvoice
Avoicethatsoundslikeawhisperandisweakandnotclearlyphonated
expansion
Atechniqueusedtoexpandchildrensmispronouncedwordsintocompletesentences
harshvoice
Avoicethatislouderthannormal
loudness
Theamountofenergyorvolumeusedwhenspeaking
nasality
Soundspassingthroughthenasalcavitiesinsteadofthethroat
phonation
Thepassingofsoundsacrossthevocalcords
pitch
Thelownessorhighnessofthevoice
voiceflexibility
Agoodspeakingvoiceduringroutineconversationusesavarietyofpitchesandloudnesslevels
voicequality
disorders
Harshness,hoarseness,breathiness,andnasality
Behavioralandemotionaldisorders
attentiondeficit
hyperactivity
disorder(ADHD)
Anoveractive,restless,andimpulsivechildwhooftenbecomeshostileandfailstoobserve
classroomlimits
autism
Aconditioninwhichchildrenareunabletointeractsociallywithothers
Accommodatingspecialneeds
Inclusion/mainstr
eaming
Placingspecialneedschildreninregularclassroomstoallowthemtolearnintheleastrestrictive
environment
Individualswith
Disabilities
EducationAct
(IDEA)
Requiresallstatestoprovideeducationforchildrenwhoaredevelopmentallydelayedallchildren
agesthreetofivewhohavedisabilitiesandrequirespecialeducationalservicesmusthavean
individualeducationprogram
Individualized
EducationPlan
(IEP)
Aplanforachildsdisabilitycontainingassessmentinformation,goals,objectives,statementof
involvement,services,andevaluationcriteriadevelopedjointlybythechildsteacher,parentsor
guardians,andanexpertonthechildsdisability
Healthconditions
allergens
Theoffendingsubstanceintheenvironmenttowhichapersonisallergic
arthritis
Aconditionbroughtonbyinflammationthatproducesswellingofthejointsandsurrounding
tissues
asthma
Achronicinflammatorydisorderoftheairways
chronichealthneed
Anillnessthatpersistsoveraperiodoftime
contactants
Thingsthatmakecontactwiththebodybytouch
cysticfibrosis
Ahereditarydiseasethatoccursalmostfrombirthinvolvespersistentandseriouslung
infectionsfailuretogainweightandloose,foulsmellingstools
desensitized
Injectionsofallergensinsmallamountsgivenbyadoctorintothebodyoveraperiodoftimeto
reducesensitivitytoallergies
diabetes
Insulinisnotproducedbythepancreastoburnorstorefoodsasenergy,causingthebodys
sugarcontenttoincrease
epilepsy
Aconvulsivedisordercausedbydamagetothebrain
grandmalseizure
Aseizureduringwhichachildlosesconsciousness,jerks,thrashes,orbecomesstiff
hemophilia
Ageneticblooddiseaseinwhichthebloodcannotclotnormally
ingestants
Foods,drugs,oranythingtakenbymouth
inhalants
Airbornesubstancesthatareinhaled
injectables
Chemicalsordrugsinjectedintothebody
insulinreaction
Animbalancebetweenphysicalactivity,insulin,anddietofapersonwithdiabetes
petitmalseizure
Aseizureduringwhichachildisunconsciousforaveryshortperiodoftime
rheumatoidarthritis
Themostcommonformofjuvenilearthritis