g Pg

o PU ES
(z Azs S)

Pq Pgt zt
(8 ,

100i

vgUwUU)

1971
g: 2-00

Pq Pgt zt

r
0ii s0izg zV 0iU iqPzg D s0i
Pgt jZ0i CvP. Pgt ez s0i Czs0i t
Uz. s0i Czs0iz DgAsz 0iUU P Pgtz
CjAlirzg Az PV Pgt z jZ0i
ir CPvz.
F zAz PAqj U oPz
Pgt z R 0iU CrVz. PAqj Avz JAl,
MAv v v0i vgUwU oPz PU PPAz
irgAv Pgt, CAPg v bAzU CAU MUAq Pq
Pgt ga F PPAq w0i gav:
1. q|| . Z. Ao, JA.J., .Zr.,
Av sg, PlP z0i
zsgq.
... ... ... CzsPg
2. . JA. Jg,
Pq Arvg,
U|| Al 0ig PAqj ,
AUg.

... ... ... zg

3. r. gt,
Pq Arvg, nZg mAU Elm
avzU.
... ... ... zg
F w0ig G0iP CsUAU F Pq Pgt z
Ugvg.
Aq w0ijU F C P0iPV ES
It0iiVz.
n. . wUq,
qgPg Ds mP P

Pq Pgt zt

z iv
g gdz zS0i Ul qsU 8, 9, 10
0i UU zyU G0iUPV v CsPPj MAz
Pgt oP gaPAz, Czg D0ii vgUwUU 0ivz
CAPg, bAzU sU EgPAz zS0ig wi MAz
w0i 0izg.
zS0ig tz oPPj P l
UzlPAq sAz PptP JA zsvvPUtV
0i gu iqv, 0iv C0i0i F P gaVz.
Ezg oPz 0i Q C P 0iU UAxz
jtvUV, fe0i PqssU CPvUV zg
Pq Gzs0ig CAxU PqU Z PPqz P oPz
UUtV zs0iU DjPAq o PAz
av.
vU zP z P gu0i PqVz.
sz zAvU vjVz. D gu0i Dzsgz v
gZ0i PAz ir zs0i PPg Cj,
Pgt sz 0iA P rz
zsZvggz Gzs0ig PvAz sv. zyU
G0iUzAz ZV zAvU CrVz.
CAPgU sV P lPA GzAz Uz0i
ivU v gr0iV ivU s zAvU gAsz
w, vzAvg zU ; guir vU Vz. Cg
oPU Ag GzguUv iV Z P
Vz. P Pq oPz gV GzguU PqVz.
(qs0i) g vgUwU0i P Uq
Uzz sU jZ0i irPPVgzjAz C Uq
GzguU PqVz. sQ v0iU gu iqU Ez
zAz Uq v Uqz Jgq gU Vz.
i Pgtz CP Uq, Uqz GzguU
n0i PqVz.
Q0iiz PguAvz Wz zsvU

Pq Pgt zt

n0iAz Pl Czg Uq Uq zsvgU v

CU Cx, Q0iizz MAzAz g E PqVz. Cz
UqAz UqP gAvgAz CP U MAz n0i
g0i Czs0iz PqVz.
Ez Avgz zyU
se 0i G0iP CAAz sz.
F UAxz
zU G0igzAz zsz JZjP z.
Dzg
s0iAz gzzjAz, 0iUU CUtvzzjAz,
UtU Cv Gzg z0i gzg wzg ztz
jrUz.
P Cs zAz w Czs0iz P0i Cs U
P zstV PqVz.
D CsU CV
Gzs0ig irPUz. DU Pgto tUz.
UAxAvz R aU UU jVz.
F Pz gZ0i Pg U PlzPV oP sUz
CPjUU PvdgVz.
AUg

. Z. Ao

14-4-70

(w0i gV)

Pq Pgt zt

0iiPtP
l
pP(i)
(ii)

Pgtz Gz
Pq PgtPgg v Cg
UAxU

Czs0i 1. AePgt
AeU
I Pq ti
(1) gU
(2) AdU
(3) 0iUU
II gU Zg
III AdPgU
IV UtvPgU
V A0iPPgU (MvPgU)
VI CPg l
VII gA

2 Czs0i. APgt
I
II

III
IV
V

A
Pq AU
1. A
2. DU A
(1) 0iPgU A
(2) PgU A
3. Dz A
Pw s
gA
Av AU
1. Av g AU

..
..

XVII

..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..

12

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

12

XV

1
2
3
3
3
5
6
7
8
9

13
13
15
16
17
19
22
25
28
28

Pq Pgt zt

VI

(1) t W A
(2) UtA
(3) A
(4) 0iu A
2. Av Ad AU
(1) dA
(2) v A
(3) CP A
gA

Czs0i 3. z-Cz-vv-vz Pgt

I
II

III

z CZUq U
Cz U
(1) Av sAz Az U
(2) Az sAz Az
U
(3) EAVAz PqP Az
P0iiUwg U
(4) ZV sAz Az
U
(5) AvAz v g
virPAq PqP Az
U
vv vz gU

Czs0i 4. z Pgt
(z-Pw-sQ v0i)
I z
II PwU
(1) ZPU
(2) UtZPU

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

28

..

43

..
..
..
..

44

..

45

..

46

..

46

..

47

..

62

..
..
..
..

62

30
31
33
35
35
37
38
40

44
44
45

64
65
66

Pq Pgt zt

l
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

III

IV
V
VI

VII
VIII

ASZPU
AS0iZPU
sU
jitZPU
PgZPU
UZPU
U
1. gxP U
2. xP U
3. DvxP U
AUU
(1) AU, AU, APAU
(2) APAU, APAU
vAPAUU
(3) AU, AU, APAU
gg 0iUU U
[ZAU (AUU)]
ZU
sQv0iU
PwUU sQv0iU
g CxU v 0iUU
sQl
gA

Czs0i 5. Q0iiz Pgt

I

II
III
IV

Q0iiPw (zsv)
1. zsv (dzsv)
2. v0iiAvzsv (vzsv)
PPzsv, CPPzsv
Q0iiz
Q0iiz gU GAmUP
(1) viPz Q0iizU

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

67

..

73

..
..
..

77

67
68
68
69
69
69
70
70
70
71
71
72

82
105

..
..

113

..

118

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

118

114

119
119
122
123
125
125

Pq Pgt zt

VI
VII

VIII

(2) svPz Q0iizU

(3) svPz Q0iizU
(1) zsx (+Cx) gU
(2) zsxP gU
(3) AsxP gU
Q0iiz gU P
gU
(1) viPz P
0iUU
(2) svPz P
gU
(3) svPz P
gU
Q0iizU PlUP
(4) zsxz g P
gU
(5) zsxz g P
gU
(6) Asxz g P
gU
Pt0iUU
Pt0iUz Q0iizz
AU
gA
Rz P zsvU-CxQ0iizU n

Czs0i 6. i Pgt
I
II

Cji
iz zsU
(1) vvgi
(2) Pzsg0ii

..
..
..
..
..
..

126

..

134

..

135

..

137

..
..

137

..

140

..

143

..
..

147

..
..

152

..

173

..
..
..
..

175

127
129
130
132
134

138

149

156

177
177
179

Pq Pgt zt

III
IV

(3) Ui
(4) CAi
(5) zAzi
(6) i
(7) Q0iii
(8) UPi
Uq, qUq PU
0iUVg Rz
P iU n
gA
gQ

Dzs0i 7. PzAv, vvAv Pgt

I

II
III

IV

Dzs0i 8.

PzAvPgt (PPgt)
(1) PzAv U
(2) PzAv sU (sPzAv)
(3) PzAv0iU (C0iPzAv)
gA
vvAvU
(1) vvAv U
(2) vvAv sU
(3) vvAv0iU
gA

C0i Pgt
(1) i0iU
(2) CPgu0iU
(3) sZP0iU
(v0iU)
(4) Q0iixP0iU
(5) AAzsxP0iU
(6) PzAv0iU

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

182

..
..

199

..

205

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

205

..

229

..
..
..

229

..
..
..

230

184
186
187
189
191
193

201

206
210
213
217
220
221
223
224
226

230
230

230
231

10

Pq Pgt zt

l
(7) vvAv0i
(8) CzsguxP0i
gA

Czs0i 9.

PU
I
II
III

IV
V
VI

Czs0i 10.

C0iiP
Dzsg
PU PgU
(1) iP
(2) A0ifvP
(3) P
Psd
gw
gA

bAz
I
II
III

IV
V

bAzA UAx Pv Zg
Pq PU
z
(1)
(2) 0iw
(3) UtU
iv, Ug, WU
ivUtz bAz zU
(1) PAz zz Pt
(2) lU PtU
(1) gl
(2) Pl
(3) sUl
(4) sl
(5) jl
(6) zsPl

..
..
..

231

..

235

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

236

..

247

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

248

232
232

237
239
239
240
240
241
242
244

248
249
249
251
252
252
254
255
256
256
257
258
259
260
261

11

Pq Pgt zt

VI

VII
VIII

Czs0i 11.

(3) gU ew0i z PtU

(1) GvgU0i Pt
(2) AzgU0i Pt
(3) vgU0i Pt
CPgUtU
(4) vew0i bAz PtU
(1) Gvivz Pt
(2) ZAPivz Pt
(3) zQrvvz Pt
(4) vsQrvvz Pt
(5) Ugvz Pt
(6) Ugvz Pt
CAUtU
gA

CAPgU
I

II

III

CxAPg
(1) GiAPg
(2) gPAPg
(3) GvPAPg
(4) zAvAPg
(5) CxAvgAPg
(6) APg
APgU
(C) C
(1) v
(2) bP
(D) 0iPAPg
gA

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

262

..

280

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

283

263
264
266
267
270
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277

283
285
287
289
290
292
295
295
295
296
297
298

12

Pq Pgt zt

Czs0i 12. R aU
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

tg a
Czsg a
Cg a
xP a
sZP a
Gzgt a Cx P
a
(7) Dgt a
(8) guvP a
(9) CP a
(10) ixP a

*****

..

301

..
..
..
..
..
..

301

..
..
..
..

305

301
302
303
303
304

306
306
306

Pq Pgt zt

13

v ASU
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)

g
Ad
0iU
Mlti0i CPgU
g
Wg
vg
Ct
t
CP
CV0i Ad
UtvPg
ew0i A0iPPg
ew0i A0iPPg
A
A
DUA
DzA
Pws
tWA
UtA
A
0iuA
dA
vA
CPA
vvU

(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)

vzU
Pw
z
z
sQv0iU
PwszU
ZPU
UtZPU
ASZPU
AS0iZPU
sU
jitZPU
PgZPU
UZPU
U
AU
AU
APAU
APAU
APAU
vAPAU
ZAUU
KPZ, ZU
Zz DUU
sQ
sQl
zsv

F UAxz Pgt vUU DAU AS0i PV Pnz. EzjAz

zyUU Pz 0iz v qQPz sUzAz s
U iqVz.

Pq Pgt zt

14

(55)
(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
(63)
(64)
(65)
(66)
(67)
(68)
(69)
(70)
(71)
(72)
(73)
(74)
(75)
(76)
(77)
(78)
(79)
(80)
(81)
(82)
(83)

vzsv (v0iiAvzsv)
Av PwU Pqz
zsvUP
guxz E v0i
PP zsvU
CPP zsvU
Q0iizU
viPz Q0iizU
svPz Q0iizU
sv Pz Q0iizU
zsxP Q0iizU
zsxP Q0iizU
AsxP Q0iizU
Pl
Q0iixP0iU
Pt0iUU
Pvj Pt 0iUz
AU
CP PvUgU AU
U PvVgU
AU
i
Cji
i zsU
vvg i
Pzsg0i i
U i
CA i
zAz i
i
Q0ii i

(84)
(85)
(86)
(87)
(88)
(89)
(90)
(91)
(92)
(93)
(94)

(95)
(96)
(97)
(98)
(99)
(100)
(101)
(102)
(103)
(104)
(105)
(106)

UP i
gQ
PzAv
P gU
PzAv s
PzAv0iU
vvAvU
AUz vv v0iU
vv sU
vvAv0iU
C0iU:
(i) i0iU
(ii) CPgu0iU
(iii) sZP0iU
(iv) Q0iixP0iU
(v) AAzsxP0iU
(vi) PzAv0i
(vii) vvAv0i
(viii) CzsguxP0iU
P
Dzsg
iP
A0ifvP
P
gw

UtU
iv, Ug v WU
MAz ivPz CPgU
UgU
UgUU CPgU

Pq Pgt zt

15

(107)
(108)
(109)
(110)
(111)
(112)
(113)
(114)
(115)
(116)
(117)
(118)
(119)
(120)

PAzzz Pt
gl Pt
Pl Pt
sUl Pt
sl Pt
jl Pt
zsPl Pt
GvgU Pt
AzgU Pt
AzgU Pt
vgU Pt
CPgUtU
Gviv Pt
ZAPiv Pt

(121)
(122)
(123)
(124)
(125)
(126)
(127)
(128)
(129)
(130)
(131)
(132)
(133)
(134)

*****

zQrvv Pt
vsQrvv Pt
Ugv Pt
Ugv Pt
GiAPg
CszgPAPg
GvPAPg
zAvAPg
CxAvgAPg
APg
APg
v
bP
0iPAPg

16

Pq Pgt zt

pP
UU -|
A0iz 0iA vz-|
z wV-|
AzU RzvA ||
- Pgd (Q..1260)
Pz q0i J gU gg ivqzjAz,
g0izjAz q0iv. v v ZgU Jg
iw P EjU w0irvg. Drz ivU,
DqPz ivU Uvz 0i P g0iz
gtU0iz. g0iz, ivqz RV U
P DVz. MAzAz P MAzAz Cxz. U
GZgU gtU0iiU CxtVgP.
zV
ivqz, g0iz Gv zAv PtVz.
zAvPPz v g0i gtU0i t
Zj, zV g0iPUz; Cz C ivqz
CxtVgP.
v U AAzs U U0i
EgPAz Pgt Uvrz. DzzjAz zV,
CxtV ivq v g0i Q0i q0iPzg
CV Pgt Cs iq PUz. dUw J
sU D0ii0i sU g CU Pgt
Cs iqP. Pq s0i P0ig Pq Pgt
CV N, Czg U z gU, CU AAzs
V w0iPUz.
gUU zz xU t0i
DVz0iAz F Az0i wz. PgtAz z, zAz Cx,
CxAz e GAmUvz. s0i PPzg,

PgtAz zi| Pgtz zxxz vv

PA vvP| PAQ QAiPz zsU sA ||10|| w: (.w.)

17

Pq Pgt zt

PAPV Pgt Nz P. s0i 0iU

w0i P. U Az U s0i P0i iqv zg
PAvgz zz s0i g V Uz.
zz s0i , GPAq g vAz0i Pq
r P CjP. P zV g0iz,
ivqz Cs ir, Av dAUAzPP.
qsU Nz P F Pgtzg J AzsU
ZV Cj0iPA SzAz F P gaVz.

*****

w: PgtA zAiPA: zAzxePA: CxeA

vvZgPA: vveA Q zgPA zsUz PgtA
PgtzAiA. -tztA -Pgd

18

Pq Pgt zt

Pq PgtPgg v Cg UAxU
Pq s azz. Ez zQtsgvz zVg zq
sU UP jzz. v, vU, 0ii, vU D UP
jzU. F Lz sU M vAz dwz CPvAV0ijz
U. ig 2 g UAz Pq JA ivq s
P0iz.
aPz F Pqs0i Uq JAz
Pg0iv. Uqz F s0i g w0irU CP
Pgt UAxU z zAgPg gzg.
Cg AP
jZ0i F PU PqVz.

(1) 20i U
Q... 1145 gz UA PlP s st,
PPUAgq UAxU gz. PPzg 10i
sUz w JA jAz gz Zg PgtP AA
zzVz. F w0i A, , i, vv, DSv-JA 5
sUUz, APV Uq Pgt 0iU Czg
jVz.
PlPsst JA UAx Pq PgtUAx
zg Avs0i g0inz.
F PAz Av
g Pq Pgt w0i Z CPVz. Cz Pq
Avz vz s0iAz vjPq zsVz.

(2) Pgd
Q... 1260 gz Pgd JA tzt JA
j Pq PgtUAx gaz. Ez U Uq s0i
g w0iPjU Gv PUr0iAwz. E vAz0iiz
Pd JA, zgiz d JA zq PU.
vvz (v0i vAz) Pt JA zA. EAx
zAg gAg0i nz Pgd zA
DVzAz C gz tztA Pgt UAxAz
UvUz. F Pgt UAxz A, , i, vv, DSv,
zsv, CsA, C0i JA JAl Czs0iU. UAxz P0ig

19

Pq Pgt zt

0iUgA Czs0i xt0i w0i G0iPVz.

Pgtz vU PAzzz. Ml 322 vU.

(3) smPAPz
Q.. 1604g ijz smPAPzA
JA j qsz Pq PgtUAx gz. Dzg Ez
Avzz. FV zQt Pq f0ig q (AVvg) JA
Hjg eg oz UgVz CPAPz JAg smPAP
UgU. smPAP Av, Pq F Jgq sU zA
Vz. Pqs0i AvzAv 0iU gg q0ivP s0iA
z DV AvszAjU vjPq GzAz F UAx
Avz gazz Pq sUAz zq 0i 0i. Az
t v vAd U Avs0i V Czs
v s JA PgtUAxU PV gazg. CU
U0i MAz z Pz smPAPz Pqz F
Pgtz vU, CUU s gaz.
F z l U w, PlPsst
U, Pgd tzt, smPAPz Pq
s0i g wvP Pgt UAxU.
EA Pz
P0ig Pq s0i A Pz Pq sVAv nU
ilUArz. F Pz s0i Uq JAz Pg0iv.
P RV Uq s0i PV Cs iqzg
evU Uq s0i z jZ0i irPPUvz.
DzzjAz RV Uq Pgt Nzzg evU
Uq jZ0i irP PU P Pgtz CAU PqU
U PqPUz.
Dzg Uq Pgt zsV
w0iPV. Uq PU V Nzwg P
D UU C wzg P.
*****

Pq Pgt zt

20

CzsAi 1

Ae Pgt
AeU
I

- Pq ti

ivq ivU PPUVgv. PU zUAz

Prgv. zU CPgUAz Prgv.

oU V Az. F Pz , oU,
V, Az - U zU.
MAzAz zz CP
CPgU. JA D G JA g g CPgU.
Pq s0i ivqU EAx 50 CPgU v. Pqz F
50 CPgU iU ti Cx CPgi Jv.
o

JA zz J CPgU JAz FU qt.

D, oC, D, J_ U JAl CPgU F zz Ez Uv.
, o, , _ U F CPgU CU Az Eg D, C, D,
J JA F CPgU GZg irzAv sV GZg
iqU. EU GZg iq Az D E K_ Ev
gU P P. Cx Azzg ggP. UAzg Ezg
Az D gzg D Jz. Az Ezg Jz, Cz
o U gzg DU, GZg iq DU.
D, E, J, M - EAx CPgUzg vAvV GZg iqz.
DzjAz_
(1) vAvV
PgAiv.

GZgiqU

CPgU

gUAz

(2) gU AiAz iv GZgiqU CPgU

AdUAz PgAiv.
F g AdUz EAz UAi CPgU. CU rj-

Pq Pgt zt

21

gAU

JA g C A U C - E CPgU. E CPgz Az
AiAz. Dzg Cz Utvoz g Ai. CzP sAi
Cg Jv, Ezg UAi zBR JA z z G B S C
JA CPgUAi. GPgz Az MAzg Az U B
U gg CPg U JA jz. A U gg
Cg B U gg U AiUUAz PgAiv.
AiU (A, B) U vPV (vB) GZg iqU.
EAz CPgz AAzs E AzU GZg iq gv.
AiU JAzg AAzs, JAzg Az, JAz Cx. DzjAz
MAz CPgz AAzs Az Ai GZg iq g EP
AiU UA g Az.
RV E gz AAzs qz JAzg gPgU Az
AzU GZgUv. CA, EA, JA, MA, NA, CB, EB, GB,__ U
E gz AAzsAz GZjzz, CzAi A B U
Aii CPg AAzsz gzg, GZgiq gz E.1 DzjAz
(3) gU Az gz GZjU Cg (A), U (B)
UU AiUU JAz g.
jzAv CPgU (1) gU, (2) AdU,
(3) AiUU _JAz g sU iqz. Uzg C
Aii? JAz PV wAit.

(1) gU
C D E F G H I I J K L M N O
2

JAz Ml gU (14)
Cg, UU AdPgU AzAi UA, gA UAi gz
GZjz. EAx GZg grAi. z, GvU iv GAl.
2 I JA gAz Prz U Pqz ivU gz EzjAz Ez
Plg . DU Ml CPgU AS 50 P wAiiV 49 DU. Dzg 50
CPgUAz IPg tiAi j z rP.
1

Pq Pgt zt

22

(2) AdU
P
Z
m
v

U W Y - PU
e ghi k - ZU
q qs u - lU
z zs - vU
s s i - U

Aii

S
b
o
x

5
5
5
5

-5
- 9

(3) AiUU
Cg (A) U (B) - 2
(4) 14 gU, 34 AdU, 2 AiUU; Ml 50
CPgU Pq sAi. EP Pq ti Jg.
II

- gU Zg

z 14 gU C, E, G, I, J, M F Dg gU MAz
ivAi Pz3 GZjv.
(5) MAz ivAi Pz GZj gUU gUg.
(6) Jgq ivU Pz GZjq D, F, H, I, K, L,
N, O F JAl gU WgUg.

AiU JAz Aie CAzg Pq JAz, Ez JA zsvAz

n PrU JA Cx Pqv. DzjAz AiUAzg,
AiizzgAz CPg AAzsz GZjUz CPgAz wAiP.
3 MAz iv PAzg C JA CPg GZj J P rAiz
C P. CAzg Jz zAv, lPVAi zAv GZjP. Cz
JU C Pg J Pz GZj C PP MAz iv
Pz. U lPV 1 iv Pz GZj g gz.
Ez CPg Z Jzg D JAz Jgq ivU P vUzPz.
g ivU PzgU Jz z.

23

Pq Pgt zt

z gU Jgq ivU PQAv ZP Jz

z GAl.
Cu3 Nr .
zg3 Pq
F ivU u Pgz Ag D Pg, zg JA g
Pgz Ag K Pg Jgq ivU PQAv Z P CAzg
g ivU PzgU Jz GZjv.
AzsAi4
(PgAiU) PAi g U g ivU P vUzPAq
GZjv. Ez vgz.
(7) g ivU Pz GZjq gU v
gU5
GzguU:- CP3 E q.
Ci3 U .
zg3 gQ.
UgU3 vU g.
Pg3 j.
gU3 sU Pr.
(E (3) JAz Ugvirg gU vU)

U jzAv gU , W, vUAz g jw.

AzsAiAzg PgAiP (CTPgt). Cu JAz PgAiU t Pgz

Ag D Pg AzsAi g, Ct Az Cu JA, zAi
Ct JAAi t Pgz Ag CPg MAz ivAi Pz GZjz
zg, Cu JAAi tPgz Ag DPg givAi g. D gU
PUq (3) JAz ggz vgA UgwUV iv.
5 W vUU MAz Uz Gzgu Pqz. P1 P2 P3......
JAz P PVzz U PVvv. 1Ai PPgz Ag G Pg
zg, JgqAi PPgz Ag GPg W, gAi PPgz Ag
G Pg v. E PV MAz iv, Jgq iv, g ivU Pz
GZj gU.
4

Pq Pgt zt

24

III

- AdPgU

lU
vU
U

ZU

Ct

PU

Ct

z 34 AdU z 25 AdU JAzg:

PPgAz PgzgV AdU Lzzg UUV gAiv.
DzjAz E VAi AdU JAz PgAiv. F VAi
AdU Ct6, t v CP JA g jwAi
CPgU. CU PU rj:CP

P
Z
m
v

S
b
o
x
s

U
e
q
z

W
ghi
qs
zs
s

Y
k
u

25

Ml
CPgU

5
5
5
5

(8) Ct:- wAiAz Uz 1Ai, 3Ai AdU

CtU
(9) t:- wAiAz Uz 2Ai, 4Ai AdU
tU
(10) CP:- wAiAz Uz 5Ai Ad CP
z. EU GZguU V Ai PUzjAz E
CPg.
JAzg Pr GjAz GZj AdPg; t Azg Z
GjAz GZj AdPg; CP Azg V AiAz GZj
AdPg. (P=U) (t=Gg) (C=) (=Z). P
Cj GZj CPg CP.
6

Ct

Pq Pgt zt

25

F 25 CPgU PU, ZU, lU, vUUAz sV

UPgUAz jlg, Aii g F MAv
CPgU Aii U Ez v. Uz EP Ezz
jAz E CVAi AdU.
(11) AiPgAz PgzgVg 9 AdU CVAiAdU
.
IV

- UtvPgU

AdPgU zg U gz Cxvz U
iqUz E. CUU gU g P. z+K=z,
+C=, g+G=g - U gU jz Ai zg JAz
GZg iq gv. Cx Az gzg Cz, Cg Jz.
F Ai Az wz. zg JAzU Czgg z K C g G
Ad gU rrAiiV gAi. Adz g j
MAz DPgz CPg ir gAiv. PU Png nAi
rj:Ad

P
P
Z
Z
v
v
m

+ C
+ D
+ E
+ F
+ G
+ H
+ J

UtvPg

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

P
P
a
a
v
v
m

Ad

UtvPg

+ K =
+ L =
+ M =
+ N =
+ O =
+ I =
+ I =

EzgAv J gU (14 gU) 34 AdUAi j

DPgz CPgU irPv. E UtvPgUAz PgPv.
(12) AdUU gU j UtvPgU7.
grAi PUtv JzAl. PUtv JAzg P+C=P, P+D=P, P+E=Q, U
PPgz gU jz DU P P Q Q JA
UtvPgU PUtvU. EP JAz PgAig.
7

26

Pq Pgt zt

- AAiPPgU (MvPgU)

(1) CP JA z Aii Aii CPgU JAz rj. C +

P + P + C - U CPgU Pr CP VzAi? Ezg
UAi Ct JA, C + u + u + C JA PgU j Ct
Vz. P JAzg = P + P + C; t JAzg = u + u + C. E
Jgqgq Ad jPAq MAzPgVz. F Jgq AdU MAz
ewAi JAzg ewAi AdU.
(13) MAz ewAi (ewAi) Jgq AdU j DU
CPg ewAi AAiPPgz8. EzP vAz g9.
GzguU:- CP
Ct
Cd
Pl
v

(P + P)
(u + u)
(e + e)
(m + m)
(v + v)

(2) sP JA z s+C+P+v+C JA Lz CPgU. C

JA z C++m+G JA CPgU. JA z
+v+g+F JA CPgU. F GzguU Jgqgq
gg AdU j MAzAz CPgUV. Dzg U E
jg AdU gg ewAi, JAzg ewAi AdU.

JAz +m JA AdUAz, P JAz P+v JA

AdUAz, JAz +v+g JA AdUAz j
DVg AAiPPg (MvPg)Vz.
(14) gg ewAi Jgq Cx Z AdU j DU
CPgP ewAi AAiPPg Jvg.
JAzg ZV jz JAz Cx. Jgq AdU zsz Aii P
A Ez gz AAiPPgz. (A=ZV), (AiP=jz)
9 v JAz MAz ewAi Jgq AdU gzP iv PgAiUz.
gg ewAi Ad jzg v JP.
8

AAiP

Pq Pgt zt

27

GzguU:-
CPg
e
x
Q
VI

( + v + g)
(P + )
(e + k)
( + ; g + x)
(P + v)

- Aii Aii CPgU J (Aii Aii

z) lv?

EzgU 50 CPgU UU gV wj. F CPgU Pz

sUAz gl AzjAz lv. U gl
UAl, zq, zs (UAi Uz sU), vn, - Ev
CAiU AiAz g g CPgUUv. Uzg Aii Aii
CPgU J lv? JA UU F PV guAi rj:(1) C, D, P, R, U, W, Y, v U (B) - E PAoz
lvzjAz E PAo tUvg.
(2) E, F, Z, b, d, gh, k, Ai, - EU v (zqAi)
AiAz lvzjAz E vPg Ug.
(3) I, I, l, o, q, qs, t, g, - CPgU UAi Uz
zsAzg AiAz lv. DzzjAz E zsU
.
(4) v, x, z, zs, , , - CPgU U AiAz
lvzjAz E zAv tU. (zAv=)
(5) G, H, , s, , s, - CPgU vnAi (Nz) AiAz
lvzjAz E N tUg.
(6) Y, k, t, , - tU Pz AiAz lvzjAz
E PU (CPU) J.

28

Pq Pgt zt

(7) J, K, L - CPgU l PAo v v (zq) Ugqg

Ai PUzjAz E PAov CPgU.
(8) M, N, O - CPgU PAo v vn (N) Ugqg AiAz
lvzjAz E PAo tU.
(9) - JAPg (zAv) v vn (N) Ugqg AiAz
lvzjAz Ez zAv tz.
(10) Cg (A) - PAo v Pz AiAz lvzjAz
Ez PAoP tz.
F jwAi CPgU l jwAi Uzg.

VII

- gA

EzgU Pgt Nzg wAiPz P AeU

jv. Ezg g, Ad, AiU - JA Lv
CPgU UU, gU , W, vU UU, AdU
VAi, CVAi AdUAzg? VAi AdU Ct,
t, CPUAzg? UtvPg, ewAi - ewAi
AAiPPgUAzg? Aii Aii CPgU J lv?
Ev CAU UU gV v. F J CAU
A lz ag UgU AiAz APV wAi
z.

Pq Pgt zt

29

Pq ti
50 CPg
gU-14

AdU-34

Wg

v g

(1 ivAi
P)

(2 iv
P)

(3 iv
P)

Ct

Cg (A)

AiU-2
U (B)

VAi Ad-25

CVAi Ad-9

(P PgAz PgzgU)

(Ai PgAz PgzgU)

CP

(Ml-g, Ad, AiUU j 50 CPgU)

*****

30

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

JA zg g, AdU r gj.
zg JA zg WgU?
CP, E q F Pz Ag vgU Ugwj.
Cu, Ev U F Pz Ag , W, vU
Ugwj.
(5) P C C q C D q G - F Ad gU Pr
ir gj.
(6) CAvBPgtAz F zz Ag Cg UU Aii Aii
gU Az A?
(7) Av U Az F Pz Ag CP
tU?
(8) , - F AAiPPgU jg AdU? r gj.
E JAx AAiPtUg?
(9) Pd JA Ag ewAi v ewAi
AAiPPgU wj.
(10) UtvPg, CP, Ct, t, v gUAzg?
GzguUAU jj.
(11) F PU ng U tUj:(C) wAiAz Uz 1Ai, 3Ai AdU _____________
(D) g ivU Pz GZj gP _________ Jvg.
(E) Cg UUU ___________ JAz g.
(F) AdUU gU j ___________ J.
(G) Jgq Cx CP AdU j DU CPgP ________
Jg.

*****

Pq Pgt zt

31

Czs0i 2

APgt
I

10

- A

ivqU P U rr0iiV . Hg
Hg JAgq U Hgg JAz Pr0i ivqv.
C + C JAgq gU C JAz Pr v.
g Hg + Hg JA U, C + C JA Pw
v0iU Pr0i v. CAzg, C A0i v.
M U rr zg, Pw v0iU iv
A0i v. C rr0iiV Uz E. F PU
r:Pw
Dq
g
P
zg

+ v0i = Prz g
+
E
= Dr
+
C
= g
+ EAz = PAz
+
EU
= zjU

zU Pr0iizg z Cx rr0iiV0i z.
z
C
CU
t

z
CAUr
E
CAUr

=
=
=
=

Prz g
CAUr
CV
tAUr

Prz g
C CAUr
CU E
t CAUr

JAzg Jgq CPgU gg 0ii P A Ez gz JAz

Cx. Adz Az ggz MAz jwAz A0i DVz. CPgU
Jqqz CzsivP zsz gP0i Cx AP0i
A0iz. Av 0iAz EzP g. Pw v0iUAv U A0i
P. zzU rr0iizg z, A ir0iizg
z. Cz g EZ. Pw v0iU JAzg - GzguU:- g
Pw, C JAz v0i - Egq Pr Dz g g z
Pz.
10

+
+
+
+

32

Pq Pgt zt

g CP GzguU Pw v0iU j
C Pr0i vz rr gAv0i E. Dq
E JAz 0iig . P C v Jgz. Dr
P U Pr0i P. Dr JA (Dq+E) G+E
gU Av. P+C JA C+C gU gg Av.
Cgq AU z gU Jgq Pq Uv.
F
AP0i PAz U DUvz.
E Pw v0iU
AP0i w GzguU.
C

CAUr JA zU Pzg A0iiUAv CAUr

JAzzg z; Cx P A ir C CAUr
JAzzg z.
Cz EZ0i CAgvz.
CAUr JU (C+CAUr) E A gU C+C JA.
EU z CPg vUzPv. DzjAz Jgq CPgU
AP0i A0izAzUv.
Ezg v U
z:(15) Jgq tU (CPgU) PAzAv gz
A0iz.
(i) gz Az g Az U A0iizg gA0iv.
(ii) gz Az Ad Az Cx Adz Az Ad Az
A0iizg AdA0iv.
(iii) U A0iiUU P vU D Az CPgU
GAmU. C APgU Jv. CU Az w0it.
II

- Pq AU

1. A
Hg

+ C JA G JA gz Az C JA g Az.
Pr gzg Hg C = Hg JAzv. CAzg gPgzg G
Pg lv.
Ezg U PV E P GzguU
rj:-

Pq Pgt zt

33

iv + E
(G + E)

= iw

(GPg Ezv)

Dq + E
(G + E)

= Dr

(GPg Ezv)

g + M
(J + M)

= g (JPg Ezv)

U + Cz = Uz (JPg Ezv)
(J + C)
+ J =
(G + J)

(GPg lv)

GzguU, Jgq gU AU z0i g

EzAvUz (Uz) PAq gvz. Dzg P PqU gz
Az g AzU irzg Cx Pqz. F PV
GzguU rj: + EAz - E irzg Az JAzUz
(J + E)
Ug + C - E irzg Ug DUz
(G + C)
Uzg Cx U iqgz. C g zs
(iU) CjPUz. Uzg Mn AU v
U z:(16) gz Az g Az A0iiUU zg
g Cx Pqz Pz iv Uz.
EzP
A0iAz g.
GzguU:Hg + C
(G + C)

= Hg

(GPg )

Pq Pgt zt

34

zg + EAz
(G + E)

= zjAz (GPg )

+ JAz
(G + J)

= Az (GPg )

K + Dzz = Kzz (GPg )

(G + D)
EU + D
(J + D)

= EU (JPg )

C + Hg
(C + H)

= Cg (CPg )

2. DU A
z A0i Cx PqzAwzg iv iqP,
Ezg iqgz JAz wj.
+ C JA irzg DUz,
Ug + C JA irzg Ug DUz
JAz Az wj. Uzg + C, Ug + C E
PqU zz zsz gz Az g Az0iizjAz C r
r C Pq 0iUU. DU D Jgq gU zsz
Pr CPUAv 0iiPg, Pg zV
jzU GZgiq CPUz.
U zV g
CPg DUiPg. U CPg j A0i DUA.
F PV GzguU rj:-

0iPgU gzP
v
P
Z

+
+
+
+

C
C
C
EAz

=
=
=
=

v
P
Z

+
+
+
+

0ii
0ii
0ii
0ii

+
+
+
+

C
C
C
EAz

=
=
=
=

v0i
P0i
Z0i
Az

Pq Pgt zt

35

U + C = U + 0ii + C = U0i
Pg + C = Pg + 0ii + C = Pg0i
g + EAz = g + 0ii + EAz = gAz

PgU gzP
Ug
v
U
D
D
D

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

C
C
EU
GAUg
Hg
M
C

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Ug
v
U
D
D
D

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

C
C
EU
GAUg
Hg
M
C

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Ug
v
UU
DAUg
Dg
D

vjg 0iPgU, PgU A Ag U

A0i ir gz, g0i gz. U
irzg Cx UzAz PArj. DzzjAz F DUAU
v F PVAv z:(17) gz Az g AzU A irzg Cx
PqAwz D Jgq gU zsz 0iPg Cx Pg
zV j v. EzP DU A Jg.

0iPgU PgU J gvAz w0it:(1) 0iPgU A:- D, E, F, J, K, L U Az g Azg D

Jgq gU zsz 0ii Pg DUUz.
GzguU:- 11P+Cz =P+0ii+Cz=P0iz
(D+C)
Vj+C=Vj+0ii+C=Vj0i
(E+C)

P JAz gPu iq JAxz KPPgzsv. Uqz P zsv

P0ii DUzAz Pg Mvg.
11

36

Pq Pgt zt

+C=+0ii+C=0i
(F+C)
Pg+C=Pg+0ii+C=Pg0i
(J+C)
13+E=+0ii+E=
(K+E)
+C=+0ii+C=0i
(L+C)
12

(2) PgU A:(i) G, H, I, N gU Az g Azg q Pg

DUV gz.
GzguU:- q+C=q++C=q
(G+C)
+EAz=++EAz=Az
(H+E)
iv+C=iv++C=iv
(I+C)
U+C=U++C=U
(N+C)
(ii) CPgz Az CPg Azg PgUUz.
(Pw v0i gU iv F A0iiUz)
GzguU:- +C=++C=
+C= ++C=
P+C=P++C=P
w+C=w++C=w
+C=++C=

12
13

JAz Pq iq JAxz Pq KPPg zsv.

JAz Pq U Dg sPu0i Cxz KPPg zsvVz.

37

Pq Pgt zt

(iii) D14 JA z Az G, H, M, N U Azg q Pg

DUV gzAl. (A0i iqz0i z)
GzguU:- D
D
D
D

+
+
+
+

GAUg = D + + GAUg = DAUg

Hl = D + + Hl = Dl
MAm = D + + MAm = DAm
Nl = D + + Nl = Dl

A iqgzP-D GAUg, D Hl, D MAm, D Nl (U

z)
(iv) F z Az G, H, M, N U Azg, 0iPgU
zg iqz; Cx PgUzg iqz
GzguU:- F + GzP = F + 0ii + GzP = F0izP
FzP
F + Hg = F + 0ii + Hg = F0ig
Fg
F + Hl = F + 0ii + Hl = F0il
Fl
F + M = F + 0ii + M = F0i
F
F + MAm = F + 0ii + MAm = F0iAm
FAm
F + NP = F + 0ii + NP = F0iP
FP
F + N = F + 0ii + N = F0i
F

Azg, P Pq C, C, Cz JA UU D JAz
DzV gz. U DzV Az DPg D z. Gz.:C+UAq= D UAq; C+AU=D AU; Cz+P= D P EzgAv P
Pq - E+UAq=F UAq; E+AU=F AU; Ez+P=F P
Ev PqU E, E, Ez JAzP F DzV Azg Ez F
g
14

38

Pq Pgt zt

F z PqU AU iqz0i F GzP, F Hg, F

MAm, F N U0i g0iz
(v) N Pgz Az g Azg PgU gzAz Az
z0i. Dzg P Pq 0iPgU gzAl.
GzguU:- U + C = U (PgU Az)
(N + C)
+ C = 0i (0iPgU Az)
(N + C)

3. Dz A
EzgU gz Az g Azg A0i, DUA0i DU
Zg rz. FU gz Az Ad AzU Cx Adz Az
Ad AzU K APg q0izAz w0it.
+ P = U ( + UD)
Z + P = ZU (Z +UD)
l + vg = lzg (l + zDg)
Pu + Pl = PAUl (PA + UJl)
Pu + = PA (PA + C)
GzguUg, + P JAgq U 2 0i z
[Gvgz]15 z z0i P PgP U Pg Az. ZU JA0i
EzgAv0i PPgP UPg Az. l + vg JAgq zU 2 0i
zz zPgz v PgP z Pg Az. [CAzg v JA AdP z
JA Ad Az] Pu + JA PgP Pg Az. U A
0iiUU MAz CPgz z gAz CPg gz Dzz.
Pq AU F DzUP0i Gvg zz D0ig AdP
iv JAz RV UzngP.

Jgq zU z0i z z; Jgq0i z Gvgz. iz

U z rP. 0i + P-JAgq zU 0i JAz z;
P JAz Gvg z U w0iP
15

39

Pq Pgt zt

(18) A0iiUU MAz CPgz z (z) gAz

CPg gz DzA0iz.
Uzg J F DzA0iiUz? 0ii CPgP 0ii CPg
DzV gz? JAz gV w0it.
(i) iz16 Gvgzz D0ig P v AdUU
PV U z AdU DzV g.
GzguU: + P = + U D = U
(PPgP UPgz)
+ Pq = + U Cq = Uq
(PPgP UPgz)
P + Pr = P + U Hr = PUr
(PPgP UPgz)
J + Pg = J + U Cg = JUg
(PPgP UPgz)
+ P = = U J = U
(PPgP UPgz)
+ v = + z M = z
(vPgP zPgz)
g + v = g + z C = gz
(vPgP zPgz)
Pu + = Pu + C = PA
(PgP Pgz)
+ v = + Cv = (Av)
(PgP Pgz)

JAzg? JAz Az i Pgt JA j sUz jz.

DU V wzgz. FU APgU Uzg P.

E + P-JA + P + D = UD = U
JAz P AdP U Ad Az JAz w0iP. EzgAv GzU
w0iP.
16

40

Pq Pgt zt

P Pq F DzU gz Egz GAl

+ Pl = Pl
v + Pl = vPl
(ii) iz Gvgzz D0ig AdUU
Pg DzV gz17
GzguU:- g + = g + M = g
(PgP Pgz)
J + g = J + Jg = Jg
(PgP Pgz)
g + = g + C =
(PgP Pgz)
g + g = g + Jg = gg
(PgP Pgz)
Pq + = Pq + J = Pq
(PgP Pgz)
J + = J + C = J
(PgP Pgz)
+ iv = + Dv = v
(PgP Pgz)
+ = + C =
(PgP Pgz)
Ezg U.......Qu, Jg0i, ZP, P, Pr,
g, gq EvU Pgz Agz Uj.
F Dz P Pq g. CzP Gzgu:Pu + l = Pul (Pul DU)
Q + q = Qq (Qq DU)
+ = ( DU)
AdUU JAzg , , iUU JAz, PgAzg JA
AdAz w0iP. GZgu0i s zAz -Ev gz.
Dz gz P AdPgP JAz J PqU w0iP.
17

41

Pq Pgt zt

(iii) iz Gvgzz D0ig PgP iV P

Pq ZPg, P Pq dPg, P Pq bPg DzV
gzAl. Dzg zz P0i 0ii, U Eggz.
GzguU:(1) PgP ZPg gzP__
E + g = E + Z Cg = EAZg
u + g = u + Z Cg = tg
(2) PgP dPg gzP__
+ gAU = + e JgAU = AegAU
+ qg = + e Mqg = Aeqg
vu + qg = vu + e Mqg = vuqg
(3) PgP bPg gzP__
Eg + g = Eg + b Dg = EZg
u + g = u + b Dg = ug
g + g = g + b Dg = bg
P Pq F PgP 0ii DzU ggzAl.
0ii + = 0i, j, Pu, Pu, g,
0i, .
III

- Pw s

EzgU Pqz AUz , DU, Dz AU ZgV

wj. gz Az g Azg Cx DUU 0iizz
gAz A0iiUP JAz Az v. Dzg F PV P
Gzgu rj:C + J ZVz?
C0i + Ez?
N + Ez?
N + C Az?
CP + Ev
PU rj. C + J ZVz, D PgP (
Adz A DPgP) J Pg gVz (JzjU Az). Az z

42

Pq Pgt zt

0iz Pg E 0iPgUUPVv? CzgAv, C0i +

Ez JA N Pgz Az E Pg Az. N + Ez
JA N Pgz Az E Pg Az, CP + Ev JA0i D Pgz
Az E Pg Az. F Pq0i gz Az g Azg
U, DUU iqgz.
C V0i U
qP. U Ez jw0i EgzP Pws JAz Pgtz
vg. DzjAz Pw sP v PVAv z:(19) gz Az g Azg, P PqU , DU
zz APgUUz Ez U0i EgzP Pw sg.
Uzg JAx Pq F Pws gzAz (APgUg
P0i) Uj:(i) vgU18 Az ggzg APg iqgz
(Pws gz).
Cu(3) + Ev
= Cu, Ev
zg(3) + E Uw = zg, E Uw
Ci(3) + Cz P = Ci, Cz P
gi(3) + C q = gi, C q
Ug(3) + Gzj = Ug, Gzj
(ii) sZP0iUz19 C! C! C0i! CPm! N!
b! __ Ev U Az g gzU A PgUU.
(B F sZP0iU gAvUVgv.
Az g Azg Pws gz)

EU

GzguU:- C0i + CUv? = C0i! CUv?

C + Cz ? = C! Cz ?
CPm + EAzU 0i? = CPm! EAzU 0i?
N + C? = N! C?
vgAzg Azs0i g g. F GzguU(3) F UgwAz
ag gU vUAz w0iP. Az gU z Pq CAzg
AePgtz F 0i wz.
19 F sZP0iU v0iUAz Pg0ig.
18

Pq Pgt zt

43

J + Czs? = J! Czs
b + Cz = b! Cz.
(iii) D JA z Az C D L O gU Azg APg
iqgz (Pws gz).
D
D
D
D

+
+
+
+

CAUr = D CAUr
Cg = D Cg
Lg = D Lg
Dq = D Dq

D + DP = D DP
D + Ov = D Ov
D + Ozg = D Ozg

Pq Pgt zt

44

IV

- gA

EzgU Pq s0i g , DU, Dz AU UU

wj. gz Az g Azg Cx DU AUUv.
gz Az Ad Cx Adz Az Ad Azg DU Dz
AU jZ0i irPArj. CAvg gz Az g Azg
A0iiUz Eg Pws Cjwj. Ez PU ag
gS avU P V ElPj.

(1) Pq AU

DU

g+g-z gP
Cx0iiUzU

g+g-zsz
0iPg Cx
PgU

Dz
g+Ad,
Ad+Ad
1.

2.

3.

Gvgzz D0i
P v U
U z UUv.
UU
Pg DzUvz.
PgP Z d b U
DzUv.

(2) gz Az g Azg A0iiUgz Pws

*****

45

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
1. A0iAzg?
2. zg + C, Hg + Hg, ev + Dv, Ug + C,
+ C Ez Pr gz 0ii A JAz wj.
3. 0iPgU PgU AU J gv, wj.
4. v + C, iv + C, + C, Vj + C, j + C
E Pr gz 0ii A JAz wj. E
irzg U gUUwz?
5. C, Hg, zg, 0i, Ug, iv, v,
F zUg AU r gz 0ii 0ii
AUAz jj.
6. F PU ng U j0iiz Az vAj:(i) iz Gvgzz D0ig Pv UU ____________
(ii) + ______ = U,
Ez + _______ = EAZg
g + ______ = g, g + _______ = gg
(iii) D JA z Az C D L O gU Azg ____________
(iv) gz Az g Azg P Pq , DU, DzU
DU. EzP ______________
(v) gP g gzU CxP gzg __________
g Uz.
(vi) _______ gU Az g Azg q
0iPgUUz.
(vii) iz Gvgzz D0ig UU _______
DzV gz.
(viii) sZP0iU Az g Azg __________
(ix) vP g gzg ______________
7. F PV PU zU. C w j:(i) vgAzg, MAz iv0i Pz GZj g.
(ii) DU A0iAzg MAz CPgz z gAz CPg gz.
(iii) AdU C PgAz O PgzgU .
(iv) MAz Adz Az EAz Ad AzU
A0iiUz.

46

Pq Pgt zt

8. FPU ng U Az Dgtz Png j0iiz MAz

Gvg Dj gj.
(i) Hgg= (A, DU A, DzA)
(ii) +C=(DU A, DzA, A)
(iii) C z Az CPg gzg
(A, DUA, A0iiU)
(iv) v0iz Az g Azg Jz.
(Pws, DU, Dz)
(v) EPgP g gzg
(0iPgU, PgU, Uz)
(vi) gP g gzg g Uz.
(z, zsz, Gvgz)
(vii) vgP g gzg gz.
(0iPgU, PgU, Pws)
(viii) vgAzg
(MAz ivPz GZj g,
Jgq ivPz GZj g,
g ivPz GZj g)
(ix) DzAzg
(MAz CPgz z g gAz CPg,
zV g CPg, EzAvU CPg)

*****

47

- Av AU

1.

Av g AU

Pq Pgt zt

(1) gi0it v UAx.

(2) gz0i 0i CvAv gzz.
F Jgq PU Pq PU C? Dzg Ezg
AvAz Az U ZV. gi0it v UAx
gz0i 0i CvAv g -U F K U Av
U DV. U s0i gg UAz Avz CP
U Az j. PU v PU Pz Av
U j P gzg. DzjAz AvAz PqP Az
qwg U APgUAz Pq sez zAz
w0iz G0iPzz.
Jgq Av U j A0iizg Av A0i DUvz.
MAz Av Pq zq j A0iizg Pq A0i
DUvz.
Avz gP g gV gAU, AdP Ad gV
Ad AU DU. z gAU Zg w0it.

(1) t W A
(C) zs irz.
(D) gi0it Nz.
(E) jg Pq P.
(F) Ugz q.
F PU zs gi0it jg Ugz F
U DVg APgU Uj.
z + Cs = z0ii + D + s = zs (D + C)

48

Pq Pgt zt

E D JA gz Az C JA g Az. F Jgq gU
tgU20, CAzg i z nzU. MAz , MAz
W C.
E U MAzg Az MAz AzU Cgq V CU z
Czgz MAz Wg gz. U gz DzAz Az
wj. Ezg U0i jg _
j + Fg = g + F + g = jg-JA (E + F)
E Pgz Az F Pg Az. Egq V CU z F
JA Wg DzV gz.
Ezg v F PVAv
z:(20) tgU MAzg AzAz AzU Cgqg z
MAz Wg DzV gz. EzP tWA0iAz
g.
GzguU:z + Cg = zg (CPgP CPg gV DPgz)
(C + C)
g + Cg = gg (CPgP CPg gV DPgz)
(C + C)
+ Dv = v (DPgP DPg gV MAz Wg Dz)
(D + D)
P + EAz = PAz (EPgP EPg gV FPgz)
(E + E)
Vj + F = Vj (EPgP FPg gV FPgz)
(E + F)
Q + F = Q (FPgP FPggV FPgz)
(F + F)

CD, EF, GH, II F gU t gU. CC, CD, DD, DC-U

Azg t gU. FF, EE, FE, EF-U Azg t gU. Ezg
U0i GH, II U t gU Zg Pq.
20

49

Pq Pgt zt

Ug + Gz = Ugz (GPgP GPg gV HPgz)

(G + G)
zs + Gv = zsv (HPgP GPggV HPgz)
(H + G)

(2) UtA
(C) g Az.
(D) zAz s.
(E) q.
(F) gz0iv.
(G) Q U Azg
F PUg g, zAz, , gz0i, F
U r gzg UU rj.
g + F = g (C + F = K)
(C + F)
z + EAz = zAz (C + E = K)
(C + E)
+ F = (D + F = K)
(D + F)
g + Gz0i = gz0i (C + G = N)
(C + G)
+ I = g (D + I = Dg)
(D + I)
J GzguU z g C Cx D DV. gz
(Jzj) E, F, G, I Ev gU. E Cx F gz K
Pg Az. G gz N Pg Az. I gz Cg Pg
Az. CAzg z v gz Jgq gU V CU z
K N Cg U DzUV A JAz Uv.
EzP i
v U z.

50

Pq Pgt zt

(21) C D PgUU E F PgU gzg Cgqg z K

Pg, G H PgU gzg Cgqg z N Pg, I Pg
gzg Cgqg z Cg Pg DzUV gv. EzP
UtA JAz g.
GzguU:g + EAz = gAz (CPgP EPg gV KPgz)
(C + E)
zsg + EAz = zsgAz (DPgP EPg gV KPgz)
(D + E)
+ Fg = g (DPgP FPg gV KPgz)
(D + F)
ZAz + Gz0i = ZAzz0i (CPgP GPg gV NPgz)
(C + G)
KP + H = KP (CPgP HPg gV NPgz)
(C + H)
z + I = z (CPgP IPg gV Cg Dz)
(C + I)
+ I = (DPgP IPg gV Cg Dz)
(D + I)

(3) A
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

C KPP g.
Pzg0i CgAz Prz.
i0iz UAl.
gt vAz Prz P.

F PU Ag KPP, Cg, , v
zU r gzg C F PVAv DU:KP + KP = KP + LP (C + K + L)
(C + K)
C + Lg = C + Lg = Cg (C + L = L)
(C + L)

51

Pq Pgt zt

+ N = + O = (C + N = O)
(C + N)
+ Ov = + Ov = v (D + O = O)
(D + O)
z J PqU C Cx D gU. JzjU K, L, N, O
gV. K Cx L gzU MAz L Pg, N Cx O
gzU MAz O Pg DzUV CAzg D Jgq gU z
A. Uzg Ezg v U z:(22) 21C D PgUU K L PgU gzg Cgqg z L
Pg, N O PgU gzg Cgqg z O Pg
DzUV gv. EzP A 0ig.
GzguU:P + KPg = PPg (CPgP KPg gV LPgz)
(C + K)
d + LP = dP (CPgP LPg gV LPgz)
(C + L)
z + Lg = zg (DPgP LPg gV LPgz)
(D + L)
d + NW = dW (CPgP NPg gV OPgz)
(C + N)
W + Ozg = Wzg (CPgP OPg gV OPgz)
(C + O)
+ Ozg = zg (DPgP OPg gV OPgz)
(D + O)

C D PgUU JAzg, C Cx D PgU 0iizzgAz gP JAzx. K L

PgU gzg JAzg, K Cx L PgU 0iizzg MAz gzg JAz
Cx.
21

52

Pq Pgt zt

(4) 0iu A
Av Pgtz P AeU irPArzg. Czg Pg
0iu JAzg 0i g F AdU. 0iu A0iAzg F
CPgU DzV gz DVz. F CPgU 0ii CPgP
DzV gvAz rj:(1) C CvAv gP.
(2) F Avgz qv.
(3) z vfvz D.
F g PU Ag CvAv Avg vfv F
U r gzg:(1) Cw + CAv = Cv + 0ii + CAv = CvAv (E + C = 0iiC)
E EPgz z 0ii PgzVz.
(2) + CAvg = + CAvg = Avg (G + C =C)
E GPgz z PgzVz.
(3) v + Dfv = vg + Dfv = vfv (I + D = gD)
E IPgz z g PgzVz.
Uzg zg E, G, I PgUU, PV 0ii, , g U
DzV A0iAz Uv. JzjU JAx gU EgPAzP
MAz z. Cw + EZ U EPgz Az EPg Azg
CwZ JAz tW A0iiUwv. DzjAz tg JzjU
ggzAz Uv. Ezg v F PVAv z.
(23) 22E, F, G, H, I PgUU tz g gzg E
F PgUU 0ii Pg, G H PgUU Pg, I PgP g
(gs) DzUV gv. EzP 0iu A0iAz g.

JAzg 0i g F CPgUAz Az wz0i. Pg

DzV g GzguU Pq s0i EzjAz vz Cz
Pnz.

22

0iu

53

GzguU:Cw + Cg = Cvg (EPgP 0ii Pgz)

(E + C)
ew + Cwv = evwv (EPgP 0ii Pgz)
(E + C)
Pn + C = Pl (EPgP 0ii Pgz)
(E + C)
Uw + CAvg = UvAvg
(
"
)
(E + C)
w + Gvg = vvg
(
"
)
(E + G)
w + Cx = vx
(
"
)
(E + C)
Cw + D = Cv
(
"
)
(E + D)
C + Dv = Czsv
(
"
)
(E + D)
Ug + De = Uge
(GPgP Pgz)
(G + D)
+ D =
(GPgP Pgz)
(G + D)
zs + Dsgt = zssgt (HPgP Pgz)
(H + D)
zs + Ct = zst (HPgP Pgz)
(H + C)
v + Cx = vx
(IPgP g Pgz)
(I + C)
iv + CA = ivA
(
"
)
(I + C)
Pv + Cx = Pvx
(
"
)
(I + C)

Pq Pgt zt

54

2.

Pq Pgt zt

Av Ad AU
(1) dA

JAzg Av Pgtz dUqz F Lz AdU w

MAz Ae. d JAzg F Lz tUz dUqz AdU
DzV gz JAz Cx. 0ii CPgP E DzV gv?
JA UU w0it.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

UAvz jv.
CdAv JAzg gAv JAz Ae.
tRU q JA g GAl.
D qU g zAz JAz.
C JAzg UgP g.

F PU Ag UAv, CdAv, q, zAz, C

F U r gzg__
P + CAv = U + CAv = UAv (z PPgP UPgz)
(P + C = UC)
CZ + CAv = Ce + CAv = CdAv (ZPgP dPgz)
(Z + C = eC)
m + D = q + D = q (lPgP qPgz)
(m + C = qC)
v + DAz = z + DAz = zAz (vPgP zPgz)
(v + D = zD)
C + = C + = C (PgP Pgz)
( + = )
F Lz GzguU Pl rzU, z
CAvzg P, Z, m, v, UU PV U, e, q, z, U
DzUV A. F zg UxtUU Cz
Uz g0i tU DzUV g A0i Av U
Jgq DVzU iv gz. Pqz Pv UU Uz U
DzV gzAl. Dzg Pv U Gvgzz D0igP. Ez
P Pqz DzA0iAz w0iP. U z P0i

Pq Pgt zt

55

PZlv UU Udqz U DzV gz dA0iz.

Ezg v F PVAv z.
(24) z P0ig PZlv AdUU 0ii t
gzg (JzjU Azg) 0iB Cz Uz g0i
AdPgU DzUV gv.
EzP dA0ig.
0iB JAz gzjAz PR, Zb, lo, vx, s, , , Y, k,
t, , CPgU gzg (JzjU Azg) g0i CPgU
DzV P Pq g. CAzg dA0iiU.
GzguU:P
P
P
P
P
P
23
CZ
CZ
m
m
m
gm
v
v
av
v
v
24C
25C

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

z
z
C
z
UAv
zv
CAv
D
D
CAU
CAU
g
Gz
Gvg
DAz
s
GzU
D
Z

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Uz
Uz
UC
Uz
UUAv
Uzv
CeCAv
CeD
qD
qCAU
qCAU
gqg
zGz
zGvg
azDAz
zs
zGzU
Cd
Cz

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

U
U
U
U
VUAv
Uv
CdAv
Ce
q
qAU
qAU
gq
zz
zvg
azAz
z
zzU
C
C

(PPgP UPgz)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(ZPgP dPgz)
(

)
(lPgP qPgz)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(vPgP zPgz)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(

)
(PgP Pgz)
(PgP Pgz)

CZ JAzg Av Pgtz g JAz Cx. CdAv JAzg gAvAz

w0iP.
24 C=P
25 C=q
23

Pq Pgt zt

56

C
27C
26

+ CA
+

= CCA
= C

= CA
= C

(PgP Pgz)
(PgP Pgz)

dA0iiUgzP GzguU
P+ZP=PP
P+vl=Pl
v+P=v
P+a=Pa
P+w=Pw

E J0i g0i tz Dz

(2) v A

JAzg Pg ZUPgU. (=Pg, Z=Z b d gh k) F

Dg CPgU JA AeAz Av Pgtz PgPv.
EU DzV gz vA Jz. Uzg E 0ii
CPgUU 0iiU CzV gvAz 0iat.
+ = + =
(PgP Pg gV PgP Pgz)
0i + ZAP = 0i + ZAP = 0iAP
(PgP ZPg gV PgP Pgz)
v + av = Z + av = av
(vPgP ZPg gV vPgP ZPgz)
v + av = Z + av = av
(vPgP ZPg gV vPgP ZPgz)
v + bv = Z + bv = Zv
(vPgP bPg gV, vPgP ZPgz)
J GzguU Ul rj. z CAvz Pg
E vUz Lz CPgU 0izzgAz CPggvz. gz
(Jzj) Pg E ZUz 0iizzgAz CPgz. U E
26
27

CA=j CA
C=z (C CAzg g)

57

Pq Pgt zt

MAzPAz AzU Pgz Pg, vUz CPgUz

ZUz CPgU DzUV A. CAzg_
v x z zs UU__
Z b d gh k CPgU DzV gv JAz
Uv. Ezg v F PVAv z:(25) PgvUPgUU Pg ZUPgU gzU (JzjU
AzU) PgP Pg, vUP ZU DzUV gv.
0i + 0i = 0i + 0i = 0i0i
(PgP Pg gV PgP Pgz)
+ ZAZ = + ZAZ = AZ
(PgP ZPg gV PgP Pgz)
+ Z = + Z =
(PgP ZPg gV PgP Pgz)
gv + ZAz = gZ + ZAz = gZAz
(vPgP ZPg gV vPgP ZPgz)
dUv + ew = dUZ + ew = dUew
(vPgP dPg gV vPgP ZPgz, CAvg dPgz)
0i + jj = 0i + jj = 0ijj
Ezg U-Zav, ZZg, dew, ew, Aw,
EvU.

(3) CP A
Y, k, t, , -F Lz CPgU CPPgUAz A
AePgtz wz. F CPPgU DzV g A0i
CP A0iz. Uzg E 0ii CPgP 0iiU DzV
gv? 0ii CPg gVgP? JA UU w0it.
(1) P + 0i = Y + 0i = Y0i
(E PPgP Pg gV PPgP YPgzVz)
(2) m + R = u + R = tR
(E lPgP Pg gV lPgP tPgzVz)

58

Pq Pgt zt

(3) v + i = + i =
(E vPgP Pg gV vPgP PgzVz)
(4) C + 0i = Ci + 0i = C0i28
(E PgP Pg gV PgP PgzVz)
F GzguU CQzU z P0i
Uz z0i CPgUz P, m, v, Ev CPgU. JzjU
CPPg Az. Dz PgtAz F Uz z0i CPgUz
P l v Ev AdUU Cz Uz CPPg (Lz0i t)
DzV Az0iAz w0iP. CAzg Uz z0i AdP
Czgz Dz CPPg gP0i CP A0iz. Ezg
v F PVAv z:(26) U x tUU 0ii CPPg gzg,
CUU CAzg P Z l v AdUU PV Y k t
AdU DzUV gv.29
GzguU:- P + U = Y + U = YU30
(PPgP Pg gV YPgz)
m + i = u + i = u
(lPgP Pg gV tPgz)
P + izsg = Y + izsg = Yzsg31
(PPgP Pg gV YPgz)
av + 0i = a + 0i = a0i
(vPgP Pg gV Pgz)
av + = a + = a
(vPgP PggV Pgz)
v + t = + t = t
(vPgP Pg gV Pgz)

C0i=j 0i, CAzg d0i JAz Cx.

ZPgP k Pg DzV g GzguU zzjAz D Gzgu
Pn.
30 YU=PUg D (CUdU)
31 Yzsg=iw izsg.
28
29

59

Pq Pgt zt

EzgAv, Y32, Y, Gz, v0i Ev

VI

- gA

EzgU Av gA AdAU UU g 0iU

wgj. Czg gA F PV UgUAz ag jw0i
r rj.

Av AU
gAU

AdAU

(i) tWA
(Wgz)
(ii) UtA
(K, N, Cg Dz)
(iii) A
(L, O Dz)
(iv) 0iuA
(0i, , g Dz)

(i) dA
(dUqz Dz)
(ii) vA
(Pg ZUz)
(iii) CPA
(Y,k,t,, U Dz)

*****

Y=iw ; Y=iv, ; Gz= zAz Prz;

v0i=g0iP.
32

60

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
(1) gi0it, zg, Cgj, gAvP, sP, zsv,
jg, 0iwg, g-F tWAU r gj.
(2) zAz, g, , P, z, gz0i, ZAzz0i,
sUz0i, zz, sUz, z, , Avv,
gd-F UtAU r gj.
(3) PPg, CvAv, UvAvg, Avg, KPP, UAv, zAz,
-F U , 0iu, d, CP AUz
GzguU. CU Ugw.
(4) ng U tUj:(i) tgU MAzg Az MAz AzU Cgqg z
___________ g DzV gz.
(ii) UtA0i C D PgUU E F PgU gzg _________
Pg, ______ PgU gzg N Pg, I Pg gzg
______ Pg DzV g.
(iii) C D PgUU K L PgU gzg _____ Pg DzV
gz. EzP __________________ A0ig.
(iv) C D PgUU N O PgU gV Pg DzV
gzP A0ig.
(5) PU P AU r gz. Cz Pr gz Az
Dgtz Png MAz j0ivg j:Cw + D ______________ (tW, d, 0iu)
v + Cx _____________ (0iu, tW, Ut)
av + DAz ____________ (d, CP, tW)
(6) F PV PU vU. D vU jrj:(i) Avzg EPgP tz g gzg Pg
DzV gz.
(ii) Ux tUU 0ii CPPg gzg Cz
Uz g0i t DzV gz.
(iii) C D PgUU K L PgU gV L Pg DzV gzP
UtA0ig.
(iv) Avzg U x tUU Cz Uz g0i t
DzV g AU vA0ig.

61

Pq Pgt zt

(v) Avzg E G I PgUU tz g gzg

PV 0i, , g AdU DzV g AU
tWA0ig.

*****

Pq Pgt zt

62

Czs0i 3

z-Cz-vv-vz Pgt
0iiz zz s0iiU, Cz v vvt g g sU
AAzs q0iv, D0ii s0i U v jPAq
0ivz. q Pq s0i F vvPUtV CP U
j. Pq U Pq g g sU j. sU
U PqP gAz 0iv.
g sUAz U
U jPAqg v U iv Pqgz. C
EgP; gs U EgP. DU s0i Av Zz. F
PV MAz Gzgu0i Uj:mgU

dzAz
Uj0iAz w0iP.

Nqqz

fz

F P Pq s0i Pzg, Pq U evU g g

sU U Ezg ZV.
(i) mg - Ez EAV sAz Az .
(ii) dz - Ez A sAz Az .
(iii) f R - F U Av sAz Az U.
(iv) Nqq, Uj, , w0iP - E Pq s0i
U.
Cz-C, EAz, E, EU, G-Ev Pq v0iU EAV,
A, Av U Az Az, C Pq UV ir.
GzguAz Pq s0i g s0i U
jPAr JAz UvUz. Pq s zq UP jz
s0iAz wj. Av s D0ig s. DgjU zqjU
a PAz AAzs z, Cgqwz Av-Pv
sU U V CAAz gv Az. CAvg g g
z0ig APAz, s U, EAV, ZV
sU jz. U g g sUAz Az U?
CZUq sU? JAz V w0iz.

Pq Pgt zt

63

CZUq U z Uv. GzU Cz

Uv.
Cz Av-Pv UP Pqs0i
UtPUtV C zuUAz v a vUAz
irPAq, CP vzU JA jnz.
P Av
U 0ii v iqz Cz Cxz G0iVv.
C vvU Jv. FU F J z, Cz, vv, vzU
ZgV V wzPt.
I

- z CZUq U

, , Uz, w, Pz, g, Vq, , D, vAPt, qt,

qt, qUt, vg, vU, E, g, wAU, P, , ,
U, U, g, w, MAz, Jgq, g, Z, Pr, U,
ZV, wP, qP, g, , , , Cg, qP, CV,
Cg, Cg, j, Gq, vq, P, P, , Pt, v, Q, U,
Pg, g, ZU, vtU, PU, t, zq, z, Pjz, jz,
e, v, , g, fU, C, Pg, DP, vg, g, g, Pg,
g, g, g, , g, , gV, e, , J, Ju, u
-EvU.
II

- Cz U

(1) Av sAz Az U

33

s, y, , Dg, Cg, gw, , Azs, A, g, Pt,

sgv, vW, sgv, Pig, v, iv, zg, zj, CAU,
CAUP, AU, AU, iU, zv, 0iiv, z0i, I, ,
Av sAz PqP Az U w0i V PUt 0iU
qP:(i) I, , , P, d, v U, , CPgUg U;
(ii) sgv, gi0itU zz gt UAxU g Q, , gv,
, IU zzg gU v Iv, i, , Pv, 0iU, PgtU;
(iii) , C, C, , , , g, B, zB, z, zg Ev GU P
U, Gz:-Zv, CZv, zgZg, CUv, ... ... ... Ev;
(iv) Ez E CP U. E gz P iv.
33

64

Pq Pgt zt

It, Iv, z, gt, , , DU, Gv, Cgt, t,

Pw0i, , z, AZ, v0i, z, KP, C, , Dvg, g,
AUg, zsg, Pv, U, U, Ut, U, Zj, zy,
C, P, wx, Czs, CP, CP, CQ, Q, , e, z,
zd, , z0i, WnP, WnPv, , U, Uv,
v, v, Pv, DU, Dz, , CUg, g, j, Ug, U,
CPg, Aw, gd, gt, ZPw, Av, Aqg, id,
ZPv, , CPg, z, Pw, P, UAx, Al, v, zs, P,
U, gP, 0i, Czs0i, Pgt, jZz, DdP, ddP, i,
DP, s, sg, UAzs, ZAz, , PAP, g, , z, v,
R, zAv, AY, P, R, R, v, v, Gvg, zQt, ,
, Iv, DU0i, F, 0i, DP, UU, 0i,
0iAq, dUv, , Gv, Rg, g, Ad, , v,
s, s, sd, sAd, , GgU, Ozs, z, D0i, ,
0iU, v, vi, vP, vi, AU, 0iz, Uz, zAq, t,
t0iU, zs, zjz, , zv, iU, zs, zs, zg, U,
, q, KPz, zz, P, z, AP, gP, P, wy,
AZAU, AZ, z, zsvg, Pj, P, Uzj, z,
v, UAU, 0i, gw, , , , , Fg, g
-Ev.

(2) Az sAz Az U
Cf, PZj, v0iig, z, PS, Sig, gg, gv,
, P, d, zu, Zu, Adg, PA, zg,
C, P, g, Pa, dzg, U, Sf, zg, zzg,
g, zR, zP, Cg, g, zS, PUz, AzP,
dg, SAz, d, , Q-AvzU.

(3) EAVAz PqP Az P0iiUwg U

gq, g, Pm, AP, ZP, Z, 0ig, n,
g0iA, AZ, U, , , , Pq, Pg, nPm,
m, Zg, gA, , Pe, 0in, jPq, DQd,

Pq Pgt zt

65

qd, Dq, , jfg, sZg, e, q, m,

mv, P, lg, en, , rV, qPg, , q,
P, n, q, m, m, JQP, rmAm,
UAm, CAmAm, Dqg, j, q, j, ,
CVPg, , Aq, P, m, e, J.J.J.., .J.,
JA.J., JJ.., D, ig, Pgg, sg, jqg, j,
, qg, Ag, iP, , s, , Cq, i,
i, , nPm, , JdP, PAU, n, QPm,
m, , Q, mAU, PPnAU, rP, P, n,
, , , EAP, l, q, Z, m, -EvU.

(4) ZV sAz Az U
Cig, , , d-EvU.

(5) AvAz v g virPAq

PqP Az U
:-34Ezg C zu Az,
Az JAz Jgq sU iqz.

zu

(i) C zu A AzU:
GzguU:- v, Q, i, zv, gd, , 0i, v,
v, v, 0iv, jv-EvU.
(ii) Z zu A AzU:
GzguU:- Pg, g, , Av, lP, g, vt, U,
w, , Z, Pd, CAZ, PAv, Cd, P-EvU.

CP U vz g A gV AvAz A. Pv JA
sAz A.
34

Pq Pgt zt

66

AvAz
CASv
zU
PqP
vz
gV
AgzjAz, CU PqP Az P gV0i
w0iPzz Czz. D UU FU Zg iqt.
III

- vv vz gU

35

Av v PvUAz D s0i U PqP vUzPU

P v ir PrUg PqP jPArzgAz F Az0i
jVz.
(27) vvU-AvAz Pg Azz Pqz q
U vvU. vv JAzg CzP, JAzg izz-E
CzP JAzg AvP i (JAz Cx) E Pg Av
UAz Pg0ig (PqP AvP E igUAz
vv0i). Cz vz U Av gU vv UAz
Pg0iz grU Az.
GzguU:- g, , P, Av, , ZAz, g, U,
Pv, v, , , , zs, P, s, s, 0i, w, w,
, , P, P, g, Vj, , , , j, s, 0iw, w, w,
Uw-Ev.
(i) vv vzU ZgV FU gr0ig ZgP Pge PgtPgg
0iP vz. vv JAzg PqP, AvP z JAz
Cx. F U Pq zq0i, Av zq0i j i
iqz JAz F PqP, AvP JAxz vvg. FU
gr0ig vzz Av g vv JAx DU Eg. vv
U Pgd t, AZ, vgt ........ Ev 21 U n ir E
vv JAz jnz.
(ii) C vAz PqP Az U Pgd Av JAz
Pgz. GzguU:- i-i, v-v. FU gr0i Av
JAz P.
(iii) vAz CAzg Avz v g PzPAq PqP
AzU vzU. GzguU:- Pg-Pg, s-__ Ev. Ez
0iz C0i. FU gr0i F C0i zu Az.
Av Pg Azg vzAz, vzz Av g vvAz, 0ii
Pg Azgz Pq vvAz Pg0iqwz.
35

Pq Pgt zt

67

(28) AvAz PqP gU C PgU, t

PgU, A Ag U vzUAz Pg0ig (vv
JAzg CzjAz JAzg AvAz s JAzg nz Cx z
JAz Cx).
(C Pg Az U Av JAz
Pg0iz rP)
GzguU:- i, v, G, u, Cd, Ae, j, , z,
dP, z, UAm, eV, g0i, Qg, lP, Av, P, Q, avg, l,
D, Pvj-Ev.
(i) C v A PqP Ag Av U n:Av g
z0ii
Pgu
j

zs
g0i
0iAs
i
v

UAU
Az

gi
Gi
zi
Pi
D
A

v g
z0i, z0i
Pgu, Pgt
j

zs
g0i
0iAs
i
v

UAU
Az

g
G
z
P
D
A

Av g
V
i
zs
C

Gzgu
gw
Q
Uj
s
P
Pij
Uzj
Pj

P
0iiv
e
gS
z

v g
V, V

zs
C

Gzgu
gw
Q
Uj
s
P
Pij
Uzj
Pj

P, P
0iiv
e
gS
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Pq Pgt zt

68

Av g
z
0iP
z

v g
z
0iP
z

Av g
zP
iv
S
P
UAzsj

v g
zP
iv
S
P
UAzsj
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J GzguU RV Avz D PgAv U J

PgAvUV (i-i Ev); P C PgAvU J
PgAvUV (zs-zs); P WAvU AvUV (QQ); P DPgAvU CPgAvUV0i DV (z0ii-z0i); U
V w0iz. U C vUAq E Pqz
PwUU. EU Pqz v0iU Zz. (EAx
AvUAz Pg Pg0igAz Az wz).
(ii) z P0ig IPg C Cg JAz vU.
P JPgAvU DU. CAvg Pq PwUU.
Av g v g
Pv
Pv, Pvg
zv
zv, zvg
v
v, vg
iv
iv

Av g
v
v
sv
v

v g
vg
vg
svg
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(iii) P PgAv U P0i Pg irPAq

Pq PwUU.
Av g
gd
Pj
Dv
zs

v g
gd
Pj
Dv
zs

Av g

gg
0i
zs

v g

gg
0i
zs

Pq Pgt zt

69

(iv) P AdAv U P0i Ad

irPAqU Cx EAz Cz Ad v GPgzqU
vUAq Pq PwUUv.
Av g
zs
g
0i

vd
0i
0i
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zu0iiz gU
zs
zs
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g
0i
0i

vd
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0i
0i
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(
(
(
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(

+
+
+
+
+
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+
+

G)
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G)
G)
G)
G)
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(v) P Avz xisPAv KPZU v P0i

Adzq EAz Cz Ad v GPg jPAq Pqz
PwUUv.
Avz
xi
KPZz g
wv
Pv
Av
0iv
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PgUAq
g
wv
Pv
Av
0iv
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Avz
xi
KPZz g
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P
v

PgUAq
g
P
vP
P
v

(vi) Avz xisQ0i ZAvVg P AU

AdAv U v P0i U irPAq Pqz
PwUUv.

Pq Pgt zt

70

xi sQ
Pg
Z
g
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zAB
- zA
AvB - Av
B
-

xi sQ
Pg
Z
g
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sUAvB - sUAv
AvB - Av

(vii) Avz P AdAv U D Adz Az, MAz

C Pgzq CAzg CPgAvUV Pqz PwUUv.
AdAv PgUAq AdAv PgUAq
Av
g
Av
g

zz
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Zvg
Zvg
Az
Az
zs
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gv
gv
PPs
PPs
Utse
Utsd
F EzgU z AvAz PqP g U P0i
C PgAz UU V wj. E C Pg
P0i Az vz UAz P (E Pg Av
JAz gAz Az wz).
FU z z, zsz0i ZV Pg Az CP U
jZ0i irPt.
(viii) Avz , U Ag U Pqz
PgVg, v 0iPgP dPg Ag vz U (Pq
PwU) DUv.
Av
g

AP
Aw

Pg
g

AP
Aw

Av
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Ozs

Pg
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Oz

Av
g
0izs
0iz
0i

Pg
g
ez
dz
d

Pq Pgt zt

71

Av
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DP
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P

a
CAP
Ap

Pg
g
(i) DU
(ii) DP
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P

a
CAP
An

g
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Av
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t
0i
0iP
0i
Pg
0ii
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t
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Pg
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t
d
dP
d
Pd
d
ev
eV
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u
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Av
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Azs
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0iw
0iAv
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zzsg
GzU
Azs
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Pg
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e
Ae
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dw
dAv
dU
dU
ezg
GdU
Ae
dd

(ix) Uz xiPgUAz Prz CP Av U Cz

Uz g0i tUUv. C EAx z0i EgPA
0i.
Av
g
qgP
DP
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P
vP

Pg
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qgU
DU
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Av
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Pg
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Zzg

Pq Pgt zt

72

(x) Avz uPgUAz Prz CP CPgU

CtUV Pq PwUUv.
Av
g
bAz
bAz
b
PApP
Ap
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st
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Pg
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ZAz
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PAnP
An

t
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Av
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WlP
Wu
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WP
CW
ghlw
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gr

Pg
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Av
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PAs

Pg
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(xi) Avz P RPg U UPgUV bPgz MwAz

Prz CPg Ctz MwAz Pr oPg qPgV, bPg
PgV0i, xPg
zPgV0i v lPgV0i,
PgV0i gAvg A Pq PwUUv.
GzguU:
RPg
UPgUzP
R U
R U
xPg
zPgzzP
y

bPg
PgVgzP
bjP
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bwP
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oPg
qPgzzP
Pog Pq
o q

xPg
lPgzzP
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xPg
PgzzP
Ux
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bPgz MvPg Ctz MwAz

PrzzP
EZ
EZ

Pq Pgt zt

73

E CP Pg
Av
g
P
w

zP g P
P

AZ Av -

gU F PU Uj:Pg
Av
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PgAl
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C0i
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Cv
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Pg
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l

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EP

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t
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CPg
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Pt
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PAq
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RAq
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CAzP
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P
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CPg
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PA
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(Oq)
P
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jPAq
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CAzt

wUt
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Pq Pgt zt

74

Av
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ZPg
U

A
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PA
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Pg
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Av
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PAg

gv
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Pq Pgt zt

75

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P
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Cv
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Pg
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lt
CU
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fjU
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Av
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KPg
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vP
AdgQ

gvt
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CZP
CPgi
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Pg
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Ci
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dg
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U CP Av-Pv sU PqP gU gAvg

A gz EzgU V Vz.
EzgU Avz CP U gAvg A PqP Az UU
wgj. Pqz CP U PPP gAvg A.

Pq Pgt zt

76

Uqz CP U FV Pqz (Uqz) gAvg

A 0iUUw. CU UU FU V Rz P
CAU C w0iP.
(1) Pg0iiz CP U Pg0iiUv.
Uq

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v

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g
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Pq Pgt zt

77

Uq
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U

Uq
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P

Uq
jz
-

Uq

jz

GzguU P Pq CAvzg JA AdAv

U GPgAvUVgz Uj. (Gz:- -, __Ev)
FU P0i AdU 0ii 0ii v AzvAz wj.
(2) , t, , g, AdU CAvz G P U
GPgAvUUv. P Ez EAz AdAz Pr v
(MvPg) Uv. 0iPgAvU EPgAvUUv v v
UUv.
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(iii) PgAv U vAz Pr GPgAvUzP v

vz GPgAvUUzP

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r

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79

Pq Pgt zt

(vi) 0iPgAv U EPgAv v vAz Prz EPgAv

UUzP
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36

Pq Pgt zt

80

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Pq Pgt zt

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(z-Pw-sQv0i)
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ivq ivU CP U0i Ugv. D UU

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gz JA zz g Cx
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g Q0iizz g. EzP zsv JA EAz gAl.

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Pq Pgt zt

82

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= 0i

+
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+
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+
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JA g GAl.
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lt, d, t, UAq, qU, , P, AZ, P, , t,
t, PnU, z,-Ev.
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z U.

sQ

v0iU

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j, g g CxAliq G, C, EAz, U, P, zAz,
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Pq Pgt zt

83

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+
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+
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1.

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2.

v () Uz
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(2) vUz i, PzAv,

84

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(1) d PwU_
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e, zg-Avz.
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EvU.
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(5) sU, (6) jitZPU, (7) PgZPU,
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zP, Jv, J, j, -Avz.

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Vqg, gU, Cg-E (i) zU. EU
Vq+g=Vqg JAz, gz+P=gU JAz, Cg+=Cg
JAz Jgqgq zU jgz Uj.
38 zsvUU (Q0iiPwUU) Pv v0iU j PzAvU.
iq+C=iq, EzgAv-U, g, l, il, Nl Ev.
39 zU g CxU Ug, Pg, DrU Ev v0i j DzUg, iUg, rU, rU, UtU EvU vvAvU.
37

Pq Pgt zt

85

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Cq, o, , ,-Avz.
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E Ag Ev U J UU C
iZPU.
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U.
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P, APg, gAU, w, AUg, sgv, PlP, D, -EvU
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U.
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(4) 0i CQ P
(5) Pj0i Ez

PU PA JAz m0i tz Ut, zq

JAz P jw0i, aP JAz P jw0i, 0i JAz
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Pq Pgt zt

86

(35) U Ut, jw, sU w tU

UtZPU.
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z, 0i, jz, jz, Qjz, Jz-zz.
F tU 0iizP z0i CAx U U.
t
Pj0i
zq
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E Pj0i, zq, aP F U tU. , P, U

Ev U U.

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Av zUU tU DVgv).

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g P, g U, Lg zyU-JA F
PU g, g, Lg zz U F Pz ASAz
Prz U wvz? EAx UAz AS0i, U
wPU gv.
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ASAz
Prz
AS0iZPU.
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g
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AS0i
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Pq Pgt zt

87

(5) sU
(38) U v
sU40.

Q0i0i

zg s - (vvAv s)
Pjzg s - P (vvAv s)
jzg s - j (vvAv s)
jzg s - g=() (vvAv s)
qzg s - l (PzAv s)
iqzg s - il (PzAv s)
Pqzg s - Pl (PzAv s)
Ezg U- (Uq), P (Uq), PA=PZ0izg s,
A (Uq) E w0iz.

(6) jit ZPU

(1) C zq P (2) E dg UA (3) J PU? Ev PU C, E, J-Ev U MAz Uvz Cv,
AS0i , CAzg rz Cv, AS E E. EAx
U P jitU iv wv. EAx U jit
ZPU Jvg.
(39) U i Cv, jit, Uv-EvU
U jitZPU.
GzguU:-C, E, , P, Cv, Ev, Jv,
-EvU.
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UvP:- Uqz, D0i, zv-Ev.
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sU zsvUAz lvP PzAvsUAz, Pw

UAzAmU sU vvAv sUAz g. F 0i
D0iiPgtU gV w0iwj. D 0i V wz, C.
40

88

Pq Pgt zt

(7) PgZPU
(1) CAx Am? (2) CAv Zg q. (3) JAx t.
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PgZPU. E MAz U0i UtZPU Cz.
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(8) UZPU
(41) PU (lU) g a U UZPU
.
GzguU:- Gvg, zQt, , , F, 0i,
DU0i, Iv, q, vAP, qU, q, DZ, FZ-EvU.

(9) U
g PrU z. C AUq vPtg glg.
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(a) U U.
GzguU:- Cz, Ez, 0iiz, J (J), K, C, E,
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Pq Pgt zt

89

Dg, K, K*, DA (D)*, A ()*, A ()* -EvU.

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iqz.

Ag

sU

(1) gxP U.
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1. gxP U
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2. xP U
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3. DvxP U
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z rP.
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(8) UZP, (9) -PwU AU, AU, APAU
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90

III

Pq Pgt zt

- AUU

(1) AU, AU, APAU

(i) UU z.
(ii) v Gz 0ijU z.
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PU , UU, v, 0ijU, -JA
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UAq JAx 0iz. v, - JA CAzU U
AU JA Cx 0iz.
Pv, -U 0iU
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(0iz). Ez APAUg. Uzg AU, AU,
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U 0iz Cz AUz.
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qU, Pl, Cg, zs, Aw, dn, QAv, vAz, i,
zg, Ct, v, aP, a, g, P, APgZg, zU,
z, P, P,-Ev.
0ii zg sU UAq JAx
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(44) AU:- 0ii 0iU irzU sU
AU JA Cx 0iz Cz AUz.
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Pq Pgt zt

91

GzguU:- , , AQ, Uz, vl, Pv, Pzg, Pt, Jv,

j, , PnU, P, EnU, , V, z, , q, d, ,
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, , AUg, DP-EvU.

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(1) AUAPAUU, (2) P APAUU, (3)
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Pq Pgt zt

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41

93

Pq Pgt zt

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Pq Pgt zt

94

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(+)

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QU (Q+U)

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E vvv0iUAz g. D Pgtz Ezg UU z.

97

Pq Pgt zt

Z GzguU UzU RV UvU

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= CgU
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gz.
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qU + Cg + EAz = qUjAz

Uqz F v0iU Cg, U, Cg, CP, CAg, CAgU, Eg, g,

g-Ev g zsjv. Uqz E GPgAvUUv. U P Pq
P DUvz.

98

Pq Pgt zt

EzgAv-qUg, qV0ig, zPg, zQ0ig,

z0ijAz, z0ijU, zg, zjU, Qj0ig, Qj0ijAz, Qj0ijU,
j0ig, j0ig, j0ig-EvU.
(ii) U gzP:- F DU AU, AU, APAU
gg P Pq gzAl.
(C) AUP: vAz + U + G = vAzU42
vAz + U + C = vAzU
Ug + U + EAz = UgUAz
(D) AUP: t + U + G = tU
t + U + C = tU
t + U + EAz = tUAz
EzgAv-zsU, CU, CPU-Ev.
(iii) CgU:- AU AUUgqg F CgU JA
DU Zz gz.
(C) AUP:- + CgU + G = 0igU
AUg + CgU + C = AUgU
v + CgU + EAz = v0igUAz
(D) AUP:- g + CgU + C = ggU
g + CgU + EU = ggUU
EzgAv-zqgU, aPgU, vAz0igU, zAgU,
PgU, RgU-Ev.
(iv) CAg:- F DU AU AUUgqg
gzAl.
(C) AUP:- Ct + CAg + G = CtAg
Ct + CAg + C = CtAg
Ct + CAg + EAz = CtAjAz
EzgAv-vAg, iAg, CdAg-Ev.
vAzU, UgU JA E Mg Pjv zg Ugxz
ZZP DUU Az E ZzAv0i 0iVqv. DzjAz
Ugz Z 0iUAz sP.

42

99

Pq Pgt zt

(D) AUP:- CP + CAg + G = CPAg

CP + CAg + C = CPAg
EzgAv-v0iAg, CAg, 0iAg-Ev.
(v) CAgU43:- CAg JA DU AgqU
U JAz Az j CAgU JAz DUzAl.
GzguU:- CtAgU, CPAgU, v0iAgUU,
vAgU -Ev.
(vi) Eg:- Aqw JA Pw0i Eg JA DU
Zz gz. DU w JAzP gz.
Aqw + Eg + G = Arg
Aqw + Eg + C = Arg - Ev.
(vii) g44:- AUz iv PavV F v0i DUV
gz.
GzguU:- Cvg (Cvg Uq g)
vg (vg Uq g)
(viii) :- P , UtZP, APAU, Z
z iv F JAz DUV gz. DU Pw0i P0i
CPg (Ad g vz UtvPg) Uz.
GzguU:- Cz + + G = C (zPg)
Cz + + C = C (zPg)
0iiz + + C = 0ii (zPg)
aPz + + CP = aPP (zPg)
aPz + + G = aP (zPg)
zqz + + C = zq (z)
J + + C = J ( E 0ii E)

CAg, CAgU-jz CtAg, CtAgU EU Cxz szzg

U 0iUU Egv.
44 g DU Cx g DU Z gU Uqz iv
PAqgv. Pgd tztz v 101 g z.
43

100

Pq Pgt zt

g JA Z ZP DU Az Pgz
Az U JAz iV gzAl. Dzg 0iiz? JA
xP z Az g.
GzguU:- Cz + + U + G = CU
Cz + + U + C = CU
Cz + + U + EAz = CUAz
Cz + + U + EU = CUU
EzgAv-zqU aPU JU-Ev.
(ix) C :- APAUz P Pq C JAz DUV
gzAl.
GzguU:- Ez + C + G = E0i
Ez + C + C = E0i
Qjz + C + CP = Qj0iP
jz + C + C = j0i-EvU.
(x) P:- U, U, U-F g PwU Z
z P JAz DUV gz. DU U, U, U, JAzP P
JA CPg DzUz.
GzguU:U + P + G = P + P + G = P
U + P + EAz = P + P + EAz = PAz
U + P + C = P + P + C = P-Ev
(xi) g:- AS0iZPU iv g JAz DUV
gz.
GzguU:- g + g + C = g
g + g + G = g
+ g + EAz = jAz45
EzgAv-Eg, Lg, gg, g, g, Lgg-Ev.
(Eg JA Jgq JAz Eg JAz, g JA g

+g+EAz-E JA P0i A0iPPg JAz PgV

JAz G0iz.
45

101

Pq Pgt zt

JAz JAz, gg JA g JAz g JAz

G0iz. Lgg JA Lg JAz G0iz.)
V

- sQ v0iU

EzgU Pw, AU v ZU UU Cjwgj.

F
PwUU 8 zsz sQv0iU46 CP PgPxU
g.
FU U g v0iU? CU 0id
JAz w0it. F PV PU rj:

v UAz ZAq Mzz F P-, v,

U, ZAq-U P PwU Mzz JAzg
CxUwg.
,

v, U, ZAq F PwUU gg Pz
MAz AAzsz.
F AAzs v0iU GAliqv.
UAz rj.

JA Pw0i G v0i jzU JA

PvzV Mz0i P irz JA Cx 0iz-A
K Mzz? JAz. DU ZAq JA Pw0i Pixz
C v0i j ZAq JA Pzv.
Mz0izP Ez
Pv. EzgAv Az 0iizjAz? JA lz. DU
U JA Pw0i Az zsxP (PguxP) EAz v0i
j UAz JA PguxP zz AAzsmv. v JA
Pw0i C JA AAzsxP v0i j v AAzsz
U Az JA AAzs avUz.
E Ag PwU _
1. JA0i G v0i Pvxz,
2. ZAq JA0i C v0i Pixz,
sQv0iU K iv. Azs0i jzg JAmU. Dzg
Azs0i xi sQ0i0i j Azs xisQ0iz. E
vUU 8 sQ0iAz z. EU , Azs0iz Gz Dg
sQU PgPxU.

46

102

Pq Pgt zt

3. v JA0i C v0i AAzsz,

4. UAz JA0i EAz v0i zsxz JAzg
Pguxz j Pz gg AAzsAliq.
P PwU 0iU iqz zs. 0iU iq
gz JAz guAz CxUz. Cz G, C,
EAz,-Ev v0iU 0iUP 0iU. P Pq PU
sQv0i EzAv PAqAzg C Az V0iAz
sP.
GzguU: ZAq Jz -JA P ZAq
Jz-U 0iVlg JAzg sQv0i
AAz Uz.
Dzg C G JA sQv0i Az
Vz JAz w0iP. Uzg sQv0iAzg? JA UU
PVAv v z.
(52) Pv, P, Pgt, Az, Cz, DPguPgPx
U sVPq g sQ Jz.
sQ0i PgPxU j. Czg U Azs sQ0i
j. P xi, w0ii, vw0ii, Zvy, AZ,
F Dg sQU PgPxU sV PqAxU.
CU
0i FU w0it.

Pq Pgt zt

103

sQU-PgPxU-v0iU-zU
AS

sQU

CxU
(PgPxU)

1
2

xi47
w0ii

Pvx
Pix

vw0ii

Pgux
(zsx)

Zvy

Az
(PqP)

sQv0i
Uq Uq

Uq zU
KPZ
Z

Uq zU
KPZ
Z

G
C
EAz

g
g
gAz

gg
gg
gjAz

gU

gjU

gi
gA
gA
gAzA
gAz
gAU

U, EU,
P, CP48

i
CA
EA,
EAz,
EAz
U, P,
P

gg
ggA
gjA
gjAzA
gjAz
gU

xisQv0i Uq-Uq Jgqg EAz, PwU xisPAv gUVgvAz

DzsP sdg C0iVz.
48 PPq sQv0iU g Ez MAz Pw0i C gvAz w0igz. MAzAz
Pq0i MAzAz sQv0i gvzAz w0iP. Uqz vw0ii sQv0i J JAz PPq CPgAv
APAU UU iv gz. GzguU:- Pz, 0iz-Ev.
47

Pq Pgt zt

104

AS

sQU

CxU
(PgPxU)

AZ49

Cz
(CUP)

50

AAzs

CPgt

Azs51

Pg0iP
(CTPgt)

sQv0i
Uq Uq

Uq zU
KPZ
Z

Uq zU
KPZ
Z

zAz CvtA,

g
zAz

gvtA

ggvtA

gvtAzA
gvtAz
g
g

ggvtAzA
ggvtAz
gg
gg

gi
g

gjg
gUg

C
C,
C,
M, J
D, Eg,
K, F

CvtAzA
CvtAz
C
M

D, Eg,
K, F

g
g
g
g
gi
g

gg
zAz

gg
gg
gg
gg
gjg
ggU

AZsQv0i Pqz EAz, Czg Pg vw0ii sQv0i iqzAz, Av

Pgtzz U Pqz AZ sQ EgPAz wz Pq PgtPgg AAz D sQ0i v
AggAz DzsP zAg v.
50 sQU AAzs0iz PgP0i. J PgPxU AAzsz sQ gvzzjAz Ez gV
PgPxzAz w0iP.
51 Azs0iAz JAl0i sQ0i. Ez x0i0i jg. Ez PgPx. Eg v0i
Zz iv gz.
49

Pq Pgt zt

105

sQv0iU PwU gU g P DUiPg

U FU qt.
[DUiPg JAzg PwU v0iP zsz g (zV g)
CPg Cx CPgU.]
(1) C PgAv Pw Ct _
xi
w0ii
vw0ii
Zvy
AZ

Azs

- Ct

- Ct

- Ct

- Ct

- Ct

+ G

- Ct

- Ct

- Ct

Ct

+ C

+
+
+
+

= Ct

= Ct
C

=
EAz
Ct

= Ct
EU

zAz = Ct

+ C
+ K
+ D

= Ct

= Ct

= Ct

= Ct

+ G

KPZ
= Ct

Z
CtAg

+ C

= Ct

+ EAz

= CtAz

+ EU

= CtU

CtAg

CtAjA
z
CtAjU

+ zAz = Ct
CtAg

zAz zAz

+ C
= Ct
CtAg
+ C

= Ct

+ K

= Ct

CtAg

CtAg

= Cu

CtAg

Ct

JA CPgAv AUz KPZz sQv0iU J

PqU PwU v0iP zsz Pg DUV gvz.
Azs0i D v0i gzU iv PgUU.
(2) C PgAv AU CP _
xi
w0ii
vw0ii

- CP + G

- CP + C

- CP + EAz

= CP +

= CP +

= CP +

+ G

KPZ
= CP

Z
CPAg

+ C

= CP

CPAg

+ EAz

= CPAz

CPAjAz

Pq Pgt zt

106

Zvy
AZ

Azs

- CP + EU

- CP + zAz

- CP

- CP

- CP

CP

+ C
+ C
+ K
+ D

= CP +

= CP +

= CP

= CP

= CP

= CP

+ EU

= CPU

CPAjU

+ zAz

= CP

CPAg
zAz

+ C

zAz

= CP

CPAg

+ C

= CP

CPAg

+ K

= CP

CPAg

= CP

CPAg

AUzAv0i F AU CPgAv Pw0i KPZz

sQv0iU gU B J PqU PgU Agz
Ptz. Azs0i D sQv0i jzU iv Pg
U52.
wzAv iV CPgAv AU, AUU KPZz
sQv0iU gU Pg DUUvzAz w0iP.
Z z g. C g Z ZP DU gz
Az0i wz.
FU EAz U0i DU gz PV CPgAv APAUz
Uj.
(3) g JA C PgAv APAU Pw_
sQ
xi
w0ii
vw0ii
Zvy

g
g
g
g

+
+
+
+

G
C
EAz
P

=
=
=
=

g
g
g
g

+ + G
+ + C
+ z + EAz
+
+ P, EU

=
=
=
=

KPZ
g
g
gAz
gP

Z
gU
gU
gUAz
gUU

Ct, CP JA U Uq KPZz gU PV PVAvUv.

CtA, CtA, CtA, (CtAzA, CtAz), CtAU, CtvtA, (CtvtAzA,
CtvtAz), Ct, Ct, Cu, Ct-Ev, CPA, CPA, CPA, (CPAzA,
CPAz), CPAU, CPvtA, CPvtAzA, CPvtAz, CP, CP, CP, CPEv.

52

107

Pq Pgt zt

- g + zAz = g + z + zAz = gz
zAz
+
=
+
+
=

g
C
g
z
C
gz
- g + C
= g + z + C
= gz

= g + + K
= g
Azs - g +

AZ

gU
zAz
gU
gU
gUg

JA CPgAv APAU Pw0i 8 zsz

sQv0iU azU xi, w0ii, AzsU
Pg, Zvy0iz g PqU z Pg DUUV A
JAz Uj.
DzjAz CPgAv APAU PwU KPZz sQ
v0iU gU 0iB xi, w0ii, AzsU
Pg, vw0ii, AZ, , U z Pg DUV
g.
0iB g JAz gzjAz tZPUz CPgAv
APAUU P Pq zPg g.
GzguU:CPgAv APAU Pt:- Pt, Pt, PtAz,
PtU, Pt zAz, Pt, Pt, Pt (Pt)
CPgAv APAU Ugq :- Ugq, Ugq, UgqAz,
UgqU, Ugq zAz, Ugq, Ugq, Ugq (Ugq).
Pt Ugq F Jgq CPgAv APAU PwU
w0ii, vw0ii, Zvy, AZ, , U AUzAv
PgU, xi v AzsU Pg, Azs0i
PAz53 Pg, vw0i0i PAz PtAz, UgqAz
JAz DzU z Pg DUUUvAz w0iP.
(4) E JA DU g Zg
Ug, Hg, U, zs-zz GPgAv PwUU vw0ii,
AZ, , sQU E JA DU PV gz.
P JAzg 0iiz MAz z Pg P Pq gz, P Pq
ggz, P Pq g Pg gz JAz Cx.
53

Pq Pgt zt

108

(PV gzAz gzjAz gAz DU gzAz

w0iP. Cx 0ii DU gz EgzAz w0iP).
GzguU:-

vw0ii

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

UgAz
HjAz
zsAz
UAz

(i) UgzAz
AZ

(ii) HjzAz
(iii) zszAz
(iv) UzAz

(i) Ug

(ii) Hj
(iii) zs
(iv) U
(i) Ug

(ii) Hj
(iii) zs
(iv) U

(EU)
(EU)
(EU)
(EU)

UgAz (PgU)
HjAz (0ii DU E)
zsAz (PgU)
UAz (PgU)

(EU)
-(EU) HgzAz (0ii DU E)
(EU)
-(EU)
--

(EU)
-(EU) Hg (0ii DU E)
(EU)
-(EU)
-(EU)
-(EU) Hg(0ii DU E)
(EU)
-(EU)
--

(5) Cg JAU g Zg
(i) GPgAvUz jz, Qjz Avz UtZP U, (ii) MAz
JA ASZP z (iii) Cz, Ez Avz (iv) Pqz,
Uz Ev Gz v0iiAv PzAvUU vw0ii, AZ, ,
sQU Cg JAU gz.
GzguU:-

sQ

UtZPU - jz, Qjz-Ev

:- jz

vw0ii jz
AZ jz
jz

+ Cg + EAz
= jzjAz
+ Cg + zAz = jzgzAz
+ Cg + C
= jzg

( i)

(Cg DU)
(Cg DU)
(Cg DU)

Pq Pgt zt

109

jz

+ Cg + C

= jzg

(Cg DU)

:- Qjz
vw0ii
AZ

Qjz
Qjz
Qjz
Qjz

+
+
+
+

Cg
Cg
Cg
Cg
(ii)

vw0ii
AZ

MAz
MAz
MAz
MAz

+
+
+
+

(iii)

vw0ii
AZ

Cz
Cz
Cz
Cz

+
+
+
+

Cg
Cg
Cg
Cg

+
+
+
+

EAz
zAz
C
C

=
=
=
=

QjzjAz
QjzgzAz
Qjzg
Qjzg

(Cg
(Cg
(Cg
(Cg

DU)
DU)
DU)
DU)

(Cg
(Cg
(Cg
(Cg

DU)
DU)
DU)
DU)

ASZP - MAz
+
+
+
+

EAz
zAz
C
C

=
=
=
=

MAzjAz
MAzgzAz
MAzg
MAzg

- Cz, Ez-EvU
:- Cz
Cg
Cg
Cg
Cg

+
+
+
+

EAz
zAz
C
C

=
=
=
=

CzjAz
CzgzAz
Czg
Czg

(Cg
(Cg
(Cg
(Cg

DU)
DU)
DU)
DU)

(Cg
(Cg
(Cg
(Cg

DU)
DU)
DU)
DU)

:- Ez
vw0ii
AZ

(iv) Gz

vw0ii
AZ

Ez
Ez
Ez
Ez

+
+
+
+

Cg
Cg
Cg
Cg

+
+
+
+

EAz
zAz
C
C

=
=
=
=

EzjAz
EzgzAz
Ezg
Ezg

v0iiAv PzAvU - Pqz, Uz-Ev

:- Pqz

Pqz
Pqz
Pqz
Pqz

+
+
+
+

Cg
Cg
Cg
Cg

+
+
+
+

EAz
zAz
C
C

=
=
=
=

PqzjAz
PqzgzAz
Pqzg
Pqzg

:- Uz

(Cg
(Cg
(Cg
(Cg

DU)
DU)
DU)
DU)

110

= UzjAz
vw0ii Uz + Cg + EAz
AZ Uz + Cg + zAz = Uzg
zAz
= Uzg
Uz + Cg + C

= Uzg
Uz + Cg + C

Pq Pgt zt

(Cg DU)
(Cg DU)
(Cg DU)
(Cg DU)

EzgU PwUU sQv0iU gU KPZz g z

E Cg JA DUU jZ0i irPArj. PgUAv
sQv0i g C. A0i 0izAv Cz gPz
Az gvz.
(6) FU Zvy Azs zz sQv0iU
MAzQAv ZV z. J J 0ii 0ii sQv0i
gvzAz w0it.
(i) Zvy U-EU P-CP sQU.
(C) U:- jU, zgU, QU, PU, U, U, CvU, vU,
U.
(D) J, L PgAv PwUU iV U v0i gz.
(E) EU:- gU, U, PU, zjU, tU, gjU,
jU, PjU, tjU, zjU, PgU, U, CPU,
PgUU, UU, CPAgUU.
(iV CPgAv, GPgAv, PwUU AU, AU,
APAUU KPZ, ZUgqg EU JA ZvysQv0i
gz)

(F) P:- P, P, PtP, wP, vP, PP, - Ev.

(iV CPgAv APAUP P JA sQv0i gz.)

(G) CP:- MAz+CP=MAzP. EzgAv- JgqP, vP, JP, CP

-Ev.
(iV CP v0i G PgAvUz APAU PwU
gvzAz w0iP.)

(ii) Azs0i D, K, Eg, F v0iU J gvA

z Uj.

111

Pq Pgt zt

(C) D354 :- gi3, Cu3, i3, Pg3, CP3, Ev CPgAv

AU, AU PwU Azs0i D Pg KPZ
z iv gzAz w0iP.
(D) K3, F3 :- g3, Ct3, 3, Pg3, v0i3,
Cf0i3 -Ev. vAV3, v3-E F Az.
CPgAv AUz PgU Az v EPgAv
AUU, APAUU, GPgAv AUz K3 JA
Azs sQ0i iV J PqU gvz.
(E) Eg3:- CtAg3, v0iAg3, ggUg3, gUg3,
v0igUg3, CPAgUg3, Ug3, zsUg3,
VqUg3, PUg3, PVUg3, zgUg3-Ev.
(Zz iV AU, AU, APAUz J
PwU , Eg3 v0i gz. DU Z ZP
Cg, U, CgU, CAg, CAgU-Ev v0iU
DUUV gv.)
(iii) 0i C, C, M, J-JAz zsz sQ
v0iU g. C J gAz Uj.
(C) C:- g, , v0i, CP, gz,
z-Ev.
(iV AU, AU, APAUz J PwU
C JA sQv0i gz.)
(D) C:- g, , gz, z, z, P,
-Ev.
(iV qUq 0i gtU0i C v0iz
0iU . Uqz Pg 0iVvg. Ez
Pq iV J PwU gvz.)

D U DPgz PU 3 gz vjgzg Gz Az AePgtz

wgAv vg JAzg UgwUV. D DPg Wgiv C. 3
ivU PzgU Jz vgA wPUV. UAxU U
g0i. Pgtz F Pz U ggz P wPUV iv.
54

Pq Pgt zt

112

(E) M:- g, , gz, P, 0i,

gg, g, gU, PU, U,
C, CP, CAg, CPAg-U AU
AU, APAU gg KPZ, ZU M
sQ0i zAl. RV qUq 0i
Ez V PAqgvz. Uqz vg.
(F) J:- , PU, MU, gU, Az, Az-Ev UZPU
J JA sQv0i 0iVqz.
(7) FU, v, , , K Ev U
sQv0iU gU DU gAvgU qt.
(UU AzssQ v0iU gAz ePz
qP.)
(C) v Pw
sQ
xisQ
w0iisQ
vw0iisQ
ZvysQ
AZsQ
sQ
sQ

KPZ
v+G=v
v+C=v
v+EAz=vAz
v+U=vU
v+zAz=vzAz
v+C=v
v+C=v

Z
v++G=v
v+C=v
v+EAz=vAz
v+U=vU
v+zAz=vzAz
v+C=v
v+C=v

Ezg U0i
sQ
KPZ
Z

xisQ - (+G)

w0iisQ -
Az
vw0iisQ - Az
U
ZvysQ - U
zAz
AZsQ - zAz
-

sQ

sQ -
sQ

Ezg U0i
KPZ
Z

Pq Pgt zt

113

xisQ
w0iisQ
vw0iisQ
ZvysQ
AZsQ
sQ
sQ

Az
U
zAz

Az
U
zAz

Ezg U0i K
sQ
KPZ
Z
xisQ - K
w0iisQ - K
(K z
vw0iisQ - KvjAz
ZvysQ - KvP
Z g)
AZsQ - Kvg zAz
- Kvg
sQ
sQ - Kvg
v, , , K U zg rzg-v, ,
U xisQ0iz Gz sQv0iU gU
PV v, , -JA g zsj sQv0iU Azv.
ZvysQ v0i gU iv v, , -g zsjv. K
JA xP xi, w0ii, Zvy sQUz
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(2) zP- zdg djU z U0ig.
(3) iv0iP:- wU w0i ivg vg.
(4) s0iP:- vgg P CAdg.
(5) DP:- Ez CzP zqz. (Ez CzQAv zqz)
(Ez CzP zqz).
(6) s:- PU Z dzz.
(7) CvP:- PP 0iiUgz Cvzz.
(8) vP:- gVU Ozs vzz.
(9) PU:- zAzU zAv i.
(F) w, Gt, Pr, P, zz CxP, zsxP
zsvUU guxz E v0iU Az w, Gt, Pr,
JAV C DSv v0i A Q0iizUzU
gPvZPz ZvysQ v0i gz.
GzguU:- v0i UU wAr0i wz. -E
UU wAr0i wAv irzzjAz U gPvv.
v gtPv. gPvz U Pw0i ZvysQ
Az. EzgAvvAz UU Prz.
CP v UU C Gtz.
Gzs0ig jU o Pzg.
- E U, -JA gPvUzjAz CU
ZvysQ Az.

CzP zqz. (CzP+H=CzP. E G JAz C0i). CzQAv zqzEv0iiV0i zAl. (CzP+EAv=CzQAv - E EAv JAz
ZvysQ0i Az gzAl),
U wAr0i wAv. U Ezg U zs PvUwv.

130

Pq Pgt zt

(5) AZsQ:(C) Czx:- Cz (CUP) vgU 0iizg

zAz CUP0iAmv D Pw0i AZ0i zAz
JA v0i gz.
(i) gzzAz t Gzjv.
(ii) DPzzAz v. -E g v DPU
zAz t, U CUP (Cz) UAqzjAz D PwU
zAz JA AZsQ Av.
(D) v Pgt vgU AZsQ gz.
(i) AQ0i zAz U gnv.
(ii) ez zAz P Uz. -E U gq
AQ Pgt, P zg0i e Pgt; DzjAz AQ, e, JA
PwU zAz JA AZsQ Az.
(E) s0i vgU 0iizjAz s0i vgz Czg
AZsQ gz.
(i) Pg zAz CAfP.
(ii) eUg zAz zjP0iiUz.
(iii) 0i zAz CPUz. -E P, eU, -F
g s0iAliqAx; DzjAz D PwU AZsQ
Az.

(6) sQ:J AAzs vgz, C sQ gz.

Gz Dg sQU PgPxAAzsz Ez gzjAz
JAz vP PgP sQ0iAz w0iP.
GzguU:s0i Cg.
P PqU.
V0i Aq.
0i AZ.
D0i U.
zg Ur.

s0iP Pgtz U AZsQ gzAzjAz Ez Pgt

(v) sUz jz. Dzg vUU sU irz0i.

131

P0i g.
APg U.
Pz .

Pq Pgt zt

dg Av.
0i g.
vj P.

GzguU CQzg AAzsAz CAvAz

w0igz. CgU s0i AAzs, ArU V0i AAzs, UP D0i
AAzs......
U J AAzsgz C sQ gz.

(7) sQ:(C) CPguxz sQ v0i gz. CPgtAzg DzsgAzx. e zq Ez JA e Dzsg

Cx CPgt. zq Dzs0i.
(i) Pz guz. - guU P Dzsg, gu
Dzs0i.
(ii) Ptdz P vAz. - PU Ptd Dzsg, P Dzs0i.
(iii) 0i P Ezg. - Dzsg, P Dzs0i.
EzgAv-DPz QU gl, Pr UU U, zz
U. -Ev.
(D) UAAz (z0iAz) MAz r U
UA z sQv0i gz.
(i) HgU g ZAz.
(ii) gU g ZAz.
(iii) g 0i .
(iv) tU i t ga. -E z0i ZPUz
Hg, g, , t-Ev PwU Az sQ Az.
(E) t, P, zs, Zvg-Ev CxU vgU
sQ0i gz.
GzguU:- (i) iw t.
(ii) qUg zs.
(iii) Pgz P.
(iv) Pz Zvg.

(8) AzssQ:-

Pq Pgt zt

132

Pg0iP=CTPgt-zgzzgU, zzg
U Pg0iU v gqU, Kzg Pjv U
Azs0i C, K, F, Eg Ev sQv0iU KPZ,
ZU gzAl.
GzguU:(i) U3 Ev.
(ii) CP3 U .
(iii) vAV3 E .
(iv) zg3 Pq.
(v) Cu3 vAz U z.
(vi) CtAg3 j.

VII

(KPg sQv0i)
(DPg sQv0i)
(FPg sQv0i)
(KPg sQv0i)
(DPg sQv0i)
(Eg Pg sQv0i)

- sQl

(53) ivqU UU PwUU 0ii0ii

sQv0iU a P Cz l g sQv0iU
a zAl. U gPz sQv0iP w0iiV gAz
sQv0i gAv z sQ l z.
GzguU:(C) (i) Ar0i wz.
(ii) Hg jz.
(iii) l wz.
U w0ii sQ0i j Pz PqU(i) ArU wz.
(ii) HjU jz.
(iii) lP wz.

U3-U 3 ggz Eg g (K JA g) Azs

sQ0iAz, Ez vg (g ivU Pz GZjqPz g) Az
w0iU iv. Cv U g0i jo. E wPUU iv
vjVz.

133

Pq Pgt zt

U ZvysQ0i j z rP.
DzjAz E
w0iixz ZvysQ Az0iAz w0iP.
(D) (i) gz zAz t Gzjv.
(ii) Dv zAz Pqv.
U AZsQ gqU(i) gAz t Gzjv.
(ii) DvAz Pqv.
Ev vw0iisQ0i j zAl.
DzjAz Ez
AZ Cxz vw0iisQ lVz0iAz w0iP.
(E) (i) 0i 0idi.
(ii) Gzs0ig.
U sQ0i gPzq0i(i) U 0idi.
(ii) U Gzs0ig.
Ev ZvysQ0i j zAl. DzzjAz Ez
Cxz ZvysQ lV Az0iAz w0iP.
(G) (i) z z.
(ii) C x.
U sQ gPz PqU(i) P z.
(ii) CU x.
Ev AZsPAvV z rP.
Ez
Cxz AZsQ lAz w0iP.
VIII

- gA

PwU
d Pw

v Pw

Pq Pgt zt

134

( i)

(ii)

(iii)
(iv)
(v )
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

U g
ZPU
U Ut
UtZPU
ASZPU
AS0iZPU
jitZPU
PgZPU
UZPU
sU
U

( i)
(ii)
(iii)

PzAv
vvAv
iU

F 9 vgz d PwUU, vUz PzAv,

vvAv, i PwU sQ v0iU j
zUv. EUU AU ZU GAl.

zU
AU
( i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

AU
(i) KPZ
AU
(MAz )
APAU
(ii) Z
APAU
(MAzQAv Z
APAU
)
ZAU
(AU)

sQU
( i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

(v)

(vi)
(vii)

xi (G)
w0ii (C)
vw0ii (EAz)
Zvy
(U, EU, P, CP)
AZ
(zAz)
(C)

135

Pq Pgt zt

(C, C, M, J)
(viii) Azs
(D, K, Eg, F)

(C) z J sQv0iU PwU gU

DU gAvgU:- RV z, , , E, Cg DUU
KPZz,
(D) Zz-U, Cg, CgU, CAg, CAgU, Eg,
g, , C, P, g-EvU gv.
(E) Rz P AU, AU, APAU PwU
sQv0i j 0ii g q0ivA UU wj.
(F) 0iU zsz 0ii 0ii Cxz sQv0iU
Pw0i gvA UU wj.
(G) sQ v0iU lV gg CxU U
gvAz wj.
*****

Cs U
(1) C, U v Vz. F 0i Cgt
PP Azz. Pz P q Ez.
-F PU Ag U?
(2) ZP, UtZP, UAzg? v v U n irj.
(3) Gvg, iq, Cv, C, Pgq, P, C, CAx, g0i-F
PwU 0ii 0ii UAU g PwU?
(4) d, U, Pt, g, , , -F PwU 0ii 0ii
AUU?
(5) 0i, zg, P, PU, 0izAz, zg, Pg,
AZAz, P, UgU-F zU Pw v0iU r gz
D v0iU 0ii sQU? CU Cx wj.
(6) vAg, CPAgU, v0ig, F zUg Pw-v0i-

136

Pq Pgt zt

DUU 0iiAz r gz vjj.

(7) (C) g-Pq MAz t-PnPAq wz.
(D) -g-iqvz.
- F Jgq PU PU Ug Jg PwUU 0ii
sQ v0iU azg, P CxvUz? sQv0i
j gj.
(8) (C) C E
(D) v zg w.
-E Cxtz PUV irj.
(9) PV zU Az ng z Az Dgtz Png
MAz j0iiz Gvg qQ gj.
(i) JAz (ZAU, APAU, AU)
(ii) C JAz (UtZP, s, )
(iii) Pg, JAz (ZvysQ, vw0iisQ, Azs
sPAv z)
(iv) Cv JAz (jitZP, UZP, )
(v) PqAz JA z (AZ, vw0ii,
sPAvVz)
(vi) Azxz (vw0ii, Zvy, AZsQ
gz)
(vii) gw Mz. E gw JA Pw0i (APAU,
AU, APAU)
(viii) qVw JAz (AU, APAU, AU)
(ix) qU JAz (ZAU, APAU, AU)
(x) qV JAz (CAQv, Cx, gqs)
(10) PV PU vU. C w jrj:(i) , , , -JA AUU.
(ii) zP v0i j zz.
(iii) Pvj 0iUz Pixz xisQ gz.
(iv) zsvU sQv0iU j zU.
(v) C, C, Cz, C-E zs g U.
(vi) zz gP Q0iiPw0ig.
(vii) Azs0i g P0i g Wgz.
(viii) vgAzg MAz ivPz GZj g.
(ix) d AU.

137

Pq Pgt zt

(x) g APAU.

*****

Czs0i 5

Q0iiz Pgt
I

- Q0iiPw (zsv)

A Czs0iz, Pw-sQv0i-z JAzg?

PwU zsU, v0iU zsU EU UU wj. FU z
U U0i EAz jw0i zU Zg w0it. zAzg
PwU v0i j Dz gAz U wz.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(vi)

v0i CrU0i iqv.

vAz0i P irz.
Ct Hl iq.
zg M0iz iq.
C 0i iq (ir0ii).

138

Pq Pgt zt

(vii) C Hl iq.
Eg PU Ug Jg zUz- iqv, irz,
iq, iq, iq (ir0ii), iq -E MAzAz
Q0i0i tUAq CxPqAx zUV.
DzzjAz U
tUAq MAz Q0i0i CxPq-zU iV Q0iiz
Jv.
z Dg Q0iizUU iq JA Vz. Ez
Q0i0i Cx Pq g DVz.
iqv
irz
iq
iq
iq
iq
iq
iq JA F gP CP v0iU jz Cz zs
gU A zsz Q0i0i a Q0iizUz. EAx
Q0iizz g Q0iiPw Cx zsv Jg. Ezg
v AAv z.
(54) Q0iix PqzV0i, v0i Azz0i
Eg P Q0iiPw Cx zsv Jg.
EAx zsvU Jgq zs.

zsv
zsv

v0iiAv zsv

(1) zsvU- GzguU:- iq, w, U, g, U,

K, q, q, Nq, , Nz, DU, , zP, EP, V, vU,
U, qU, AZ, l, AZ, CAd, Fd, Gd, zl, l, MP,
vA, Z, r, Pq, gq, Eq, q, Pt, Pt, v, Mv, Jv,
v, vg, Mz, wz, q, r, g, , J, M, v, A, G,
P, , , , a, 0ii, 0ii, 0ii, P0ii, v0ii, j, Cj,

Pq Pgt zt

139

g, g, , , , , Cg, qP, , Ur, Z,

v, U, r, E, Kg, U, vU, , , v, J, P,
, w, , Pg-Ev.
zUz E CP zsvU. F J zsvUAz Dz
zs v0iU A vi, sv, svPU zsx,
Asx, zsxU CP Q0iizU wv
s0i v.
(2) v zsv (v0iiAv zsv)- M PwU
zsvUV irPAq Q0iiPwUU v v0i a Q0iizU
V ir v.
GzguU:- C D UAx Prz.
Pq JAz
Pw0iiVz. Ez zsv. Ezg E v0i a Pr
JAz DU? U Pr JAzz Ez zsvvz. Ezg
zsvU gPz J v0iU j-Prv,
Prz, Pr, Pr, Pr, Pr-Ev Q0iizUV
qv. EAx zsvU vzsv Cx v0iiAvzsv
UAz Pg0iv.
(55) v0iiAv zsv (v zsv):- P PwU
, zsU zsU, bl bl zz CPgt U E JA
v0i jzU C v0iiAv zsvUv.
EP v
zsvUAz g.
GzguU: Pw
Pq
NU
Cg

+
+
+
+

E
E
E
E

=
=
=
=

zsv
Pr
NV
Cj

Q0iiz
Prz
NVv
Cj

CPgt U zsvUUzP Gzgu: Pw

zsU zsU

+ E
+ E

= zsv
= zsUzsV

- Q0iiz
- zsUzsVv

Pq Pgt zt

140

x x
U U
bl bl

+ E
+ E
+ E

= xx - xxv
= UU - UUz
= blbn - blbnvz

(56) Avz P PwUz 0iv, 0iv, gP, e,

s, sAU, , , sz, t0i, zBR, , AvzUU Pqz E v0i Az C Pq zsvU DV,
v0iiAv zsvUv.
GzguU:Av
+
Pqz
Pw
E v0i
0iv
+
E
0iv
+
E
s
+
E
sAU
+
E
gP
+
E

+
E

+
E
zBR
t0i

+
+
+
+

E
E
E
E

= zsv

- Q0iiz

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0iw
0iw
s
sAV
gQ

0iwv
0iwz
sz
sAVv
gQ
z
vz

=
=
=
=

zBT
t

zBTv
tv
z
v

v0i z PqU iv gvzAz w0igz.

Ez dzsvU guxz iV gvz.
GzguU:(i) v UU C Gtz.
(ii) vAz UU CAV0i vrz.
(iii) v U Vz.
GzguU Gtz JAzg GtAv irz JAz
Cx. v0i guAz C U GArv. EzgAv vrz,

Pq Pgt zt

141

Vz JA guxP Q0iizU. EU Jgq Pv

zU. z0i Pz v guxP Pv, U gPv.
(57) guxz J zsvU iV
v0i gz.
GzguU:
d
guxz
+
zsv
E
E
iq +
w +
E
Nq +
E
E
g +
P
+
E

=
=
=
=
=
=

guxP
zsv
ir
w
Nr
g
P

guxP
Q0iiz
irv
wv
Nrv
gv
Pv

jzAv zsvU (Q0iiPwU) dz U E

v0iiAvUz vzsvU JAz Jgq U JAz Uv.

II

- PP, CPP zsvU

(1) PP zsvU

F PV P Uj:g

g Prz. F Pz K Prz? JAz

zg, g JA Gvg gvz. 0iig? JAz irzg
g JA Gvg gvz. Pr0i P irzzjAz g JA
z Pvzv. K Prz Cz P. DzjAz g
JAz Pz. Prz JAz Q0iiz. Prz - JA Q0iU
K? JA irzU g Gvg P.
F P
Pz PAzUv. Ezg U PV P PU
rj:

Pq Pgt zt

142

Pvz
zg
U
zyU
qUg

Pz
P
Ur0i
o
0i

Q0iiz
gQ
Pnzg
Nzg
jzg

zsv
gQ
Pl
Nz
g

E gQ, Pnzg, Nzg, jzg Ev Q0iizU

PU Pz Ez EgP. gQ JA Q0iU K JA
m lvz. DzjAz gQ JA zsv Pz CQ
zsv. Ezg U0i Pl, Nz, iq, w, g Ev zsvUU
Pz P P. EAx zsvU PU.
(58) Pz CQ zsvU PP zsvU.
GzguU:- iq, Pq, Pg, q, Gt, vq, EP, Gd,
zl, l, wz, vA, A, q, vq, g, g, 0ii, 0ii,
Pv, Pr, vg (vg), P0ii, Z, vg, Pvj-Ev.

(2) CPP zsvU

P zsvUU Pzz CPv Eg.
Uj:(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v )

Pvz
P
g
DP
C
Vq

Q0iiz
Vv
Nrz
0ivz
zQz
nv

PV F PU
zsv
U
Nq

zP
l

PU PzU. Vv JA Q0iizP K?
JA iq Gvg g. K Vv? JAz 0iig
P. CzgAv K Nrv? JAz 0iig P. CAzg F
Q0iUU PzU PV.
(59) Pzz CPz zsvU CPP zsvUg.

Pq Pgt zt

143

GzguU:- U, Nq, Eg, zP, , U, g,

Z, zg, , K, g, E, Gg-Ev.
FU CPP PP P rj
CPP PU
(1) U Vv
(2) qU Nrz
(3) vAz Ezg
(4) C zQz
(5) CP Az
(6) C z
(E Pzz CPv E)
III

PP PU
U Prv
qU P
Nz
vAz Hl irz
C zg z
CP CrU0i irz
C Hg jz
(E Pz P P)

- Q0iiz

F z zsvAzg? C J Pg? JAz Cjwj. FU

zsvU Q0iiz UU jw0i w0it. F PU P Q0iiz
U Pnz. CU r qt.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Q0iiz
KPZ
iqv
iqv
iqvz
iqw0i
iqv

zsv
-

iq
iq
iq
iq
iq

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

nz
nz
nv
nz
nz

l
l
l
l
l

+
+
+
+
+

PZP
v0i
Gv
Gv
Gv
Gv
Gv

+
+
+
+
+

DSv v0i
(Z)
D-(iqvg)
D-(iqvg)
Cz-(iqv)
F0i-(iqwj)
K-(iqv)

+
+
+
+
+

z
z
z
z
z

+
+
+
+
+

C-(nzg)
C-(nzg)
Ev-(nz)
J-(nj)
J-(nz)

Pq Pgt zt

144

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

g
g
gz
g
g

g
g
g
g
g

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

C-(gg)
C-(gg)
Gz-(g)
J-(gj)
J-(g)

Lzz Q0iizU g UAU. z Lz Q0iiz

U-iq zsv Az J PqU Gv JA v0i Az
Czg Az D, D, Cz, F0i, K JA v0iU KPZz,
Zz Dg, Dg, C, Fj, K JA v0iU A.
Jgq0i Lz Q0iizU l JA zsv Az z JA
v0i J PqU Az Czg Az C, C, Ev, J, J JA
v0iU KPZz, Cg, Cg, C, Ej, J JA v0iU
Zz A.
g0i Lz Q0iizU g JA zsv Az JA
v0i J PqU Az Czg Az C, C, Gz, J, J JA
v0iU KPZz, Cg, Cg, C, Ej, J JA v0iU
Zz A.
zsz g PqU Ag Gv, z, - JA PZP
v0iU CAzg Gv JAz viP, z JAz svP
, JAz sv P av JAz w0iP.
P0i Ag D, D, Dg, Dg, Cz, C, F0i, Fj, K, K
Ev v0iU DSvv0iU.
DzjAz z g UAU Q0iizU z Lz
Q0iizU UA viPz (FU q0iwg) Q0i0i,
Jgq0i Lz Q0iizU UA Az qz Q0i0i CAzg
svPz Q0i0i, g Lz Q0iizU UA Az

EP Pgt v0iUAz Pg0ig. Av Pgtz Pg0i zw0iAv

Pqz Pgt v0ivg. Dzg E P (viP, svP,
svP) avzjAz Pqz PZP v0iUAz Pg0ig.

145

Pq Pgt zt

q0i CAzg svPz Q0i0i Uvr Q0iizUAz

Uv. Uzg Q0iiz JAzgA UU v PVAv
z:(60) zsvUU DSv v0iU j Q0iizU.
U DSvv0iU gU vi, sv, sv
PU zsvU DSv v0iP zsz PV Gv, z,
JA PZP v0iU DUV gv.
IV

- Q0iiz gU GAmUP

J zsvUU DSv v0iU (1) vi, (2) sv, (3)

svPU, (1) zsx, (2) zsx, (3) Asx
UA g CxU j Dg Pgz Q0iizgU GAmU
v. FU MAzAzg Zg PV w0it.

(1) vi Pz Q0iizU
(61) zsvUU vi Pz DSv v0iU j
viP Q0iizU.
vi Pz zsvUU DSvv0iP zsz Gv JA
PZP v0i gz.
GzguU:- zsv: U
zsv + PZP DSv = KPZ
Z
v0i v0i
(x g, AU) C U + Gv +
D
= Uv Uvg
(xg, AU) C U + Gv +
D
= Uv Uvg
(. ., AP AU) CzU + Gv +
Cz = Uvz Uv

DSv JAzg szszz (szsiSvA)

Pq Pgt zt

146

(zs g) - U+
(Gv g) * - U+

Gv

Gv

F0i

= Uw0i Uwj
= Uv

Uv

Ezg U0i viPz Gz zsvUU KPZz D,

D, Cz, F0i, K-JA DSv v0iU, Zz Dg, Dg,
C, Fj, K-JA DSv v0iU a P.

(2) svPz Q0iizU

(62) zsvUU sv Pz DSv v0iU j svPz
Q0iizU.
svPz z PZP v0i iV J PqU
gzAl.

GzguU:- zsv: w
zsv + PZP + DSv
v0i
v0i
(x g, AU) C w +
z +
C
(xg, AU) C w +
z +
C
( . . , AP AU) Cz w +
z +
Ev
(zs g) - w +

(Gv g) - w +

= KPZ Z

= wz

wzg

= wz

wzg

= wv wz
= wz

wj

= wz

wz

, JA U ZAU Cx AUUzjAz-AU,
AU, APAUU MAz gUUvAz ePzqP.

G, J, EPgAv zsvU APAU KPZz svPz DSv v0i

jzU z JA PZP v0i Az UvzAz w0iP. qv,
irv, v-Ev. Ev DSvv0i Azq0i z PZP v0i
Az Vz0iAz w0iP.
*

Pq Pgt zt

147

Ezg U0i J zsvU C-Cg, C-Cg, Ev-C, JEj, J-J JA DSv v0iU j P.

(3) svPz Q0iizU

(63) zsvUU svPz DSv v0iU j sv
Pz Q0iizU.
svPz zsvU, DSv v0iP zsz JA
PZP v0i DUV gz. P Pq G JAz
gzAl. G v0i q, w Ev JPgAv DPgAv zsvU
gzAz w0iP.
GzguU:- zsv: Pq
zsv + PZP + DSv
v0i
v0i
(x g, AU) C
+
C
Pq +
(xg, AU) C
+
C
Pq +
( . . , AP AU) Cz
Pq +
+
Cz

(Pq +

Gz

Pq +

(Gv g) - Pq +

(zs g)

KPZ

Pq

Pqg

Pq

Pqg

Pqz

Pq

Pqz

Pq)

= Pq

Pqj

= Pq

Pq

Ezg U0i J zsvUU C-Cg, C-Cg, Cz-C, (GzG), J-Ej, J-J JA DSv v0i a P.
FU MAz zsv vi, sv, sv PU g z
gU PU rj:

APAU KPZz Gz, Zz G JA DSv v0i

gzAl. GzguU:- wz, wz. F Jgq gU zsUAz
sP. EzgAv - iq, irz; wAz, wAz Ev.

Pq Pgt zt

148

zsv - g
viP

svP

KPZ
Z
gv - gvg
gv - gvg
gvz - gv
gw0i - gwj
gv - gv

KPZ

Az
Az
Av

Az
Az

zsv -

Z
Azg
Azg
Az
(Az)
Aj
Az

KPZ
g
g
gz
(gz
g
g

Z
gg
gg
g
g)
gj
g

viP

svP

KPZ
Z
wv - wvg
wv - wvg
wvz - wv

KPZ
Z

wAz - wAzg

wAz - wAzg

wAv - wAz
(wAz)

wAz - wAj

wAz - wAz

ww0i - wwj
wv - wv

sv P

sv P
KPZ
w
w
wz
(wz
w
w

Z
wg
wg
w
w)
wj
w

EzgU vi, sv, sv Pz Q0iizU gU

UUvA 0i PV wj. FU zsx, zsx,
Asxz Q0iiz gU UUv? JA UU w0it.

(1) zsx (+Cx) gU

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v )

zg U M0iz iq.
Cg o Nz.
D P iq.
CU d0iU.
C V U.

g, w zz zsvUU svPz DSv v0iU gU zsv

P0i CPgUU (g- JAUU) Cg DzV gz.
E PV Gz, G JA DSv v0iU A JAz w0iP.

Pq Pgt zt

149

E Ag iq, Nz, iq, DU, U Ev

Q0iizU- zg U M0iz iq JU M0i
gP0i, Cg o Nz JU w0i, D
P iq J De0i, CU d0iU JU
Dz, C V U JU Pl gP0i
vjgvz.
U MAz Q0i0i 0iz vgz zsx Jz.
EzP v F PVAv z.
(64) zsxP Q0iizU:- Dz, Cu, De, gP
EU vgU zsvUU DSvv0iU j zsxP
Q0iizU.
GzguU:iq'

zsv (E 0ii PZP v0iU g)

zsv + DSv = KPZ - Z
v0i
(x g, AU)
C iq + C = iq - iq
(xg, AU)
C iq + C = iq - iq

(. . , AP AU)
Cz iq +

iq - iq

(zs g)
iq +

iq

- irj

zsxz zsg KPZz C JA DSv v0i Az Vz

JAz w0iP. DU zsv Q0iizz gz G0iz. Pg E 0ii
DSvv0i gAz g.

150

(Gv g) iq +

Pq Pgt zt

= iq iq+=iq
(iqt, iq)

E xgz KPZ, ZU Dg gU MAz jw

Egv. zsg KPZz DSvv0i Uz.
Zz Ej v0i, Gvg KPZz J JAz, Z
z , G, , G, Nt-Ev DSv v0iU gzAl.

(2) zsxP gU
(i) C C w, (ii) C g Ev PU Ag
w, g JA Q0iizU w, g-JA Cxz.
JAzg Q0i0i q0i JAx av.
(65) Q0i0i q0i JAx vgU zsvU DSv
v0iU j, zsxP Q0iizU.

GzguU:w

zsv
zsv + DSv =
Q0iiz
v0i
KPZ - Z
(x g, AU)
C w + C = w - wg
(xg, AU) C
w + C = w - wg
Gvg Zz iq, iqt, iq-Ev gU
0iUz Uv. GzguU:- iqt, iq, iq.
P Pq G v0i j w0i JAz, G j w0i JAz
gUU.

Pq Pgt zt

151

( . ., APAU) Cz
w +

Cz

wz

- w

(zs g) w+

- wj

(Gv g) w +

- w

U KPZz C, C, Cz, J, J JA DSvv0iU,

Zz Cg, Cg, C, Cj, J-JA DSvv0iU J
zsvU gv.
EAz gz Gzgu rj
GzguU:
g zsv
zsv + DSv =
v0i
(x g, AU)C
g + C =
(.., AU) C g + C =
(..APAU) Czg + Cz =
(zs g) g+

(Gv g) g +

KPZ - Z

g
g
gz

- gg
- gg
- g

= g

- gj

= g

- g

(3) AsxP gU
(i) C Az.
(ii) C Dv wAz.
(iii) Cz P Kjv.
Ev PU Ag Az, wAz, Kjv-JA
Q0iizU Pg q0i A0i Cx H0i wv.
Az JA g 0i A0iUvzz 0i. Azg

vg-g zsvU zsxz vg, g gU q0iv JAz

w0iP. vg zsv gU- vg, vgg, vg, vgg, vgz, vg,
vg, vjj, vg, vg -JAzUvAz w0iP.

152

Pq Pgt zt

gz Cx gz0i Egz. Ezg U0i wAz, KjvJA0i Pq A0i, HU vgv.

EAx Q0iizU
AsxP Q0iiz U. EzP v F PVAv z.
(66) AsxP Q0iiz:- Q0i0i q0iP0i A0i
Cx H vg zsvU DSv v0iU j
AsxP Q0iizU.
GzguU:U

zsv
zsv + DSv =
Q0iiz
v0i
KPZ - Z
(x g, AU)
C U + D = z - zg
(xg, AU)
C U + D = z - zg
(. . , AP AU) Cz
U + Fv = v - z
(zs g)
U +

F0i

= 0i - j

(Gv g)
U +

= z - z

JA zsv AsxP DSv v0iU jzU

zsv P0i U PgP z Pg DzV gz Uj. Ezg
U J zsvUU KPZz D, D, Fv, F0i, K-JA
DSv v0iU Zz Dg, Dg, D, Fj, K JA DSv
v0iU j P.
FU zsx, zsx, Asx-F g gU MAz
zsvU UUvAz F PV GzguAz v ir
rj.
GzguU:-

Pq Pgt zt

153

zsx
KPZ Z
g0i g0i
g0i g0i
g0i g0i
g
gj
g0i
g
g0i
g0it

zsv
zsx
KPZ Z
g0i g0ig
g0i g0ig
g0iz g0i
g0i
gj
g0i g0i

Asx
KPZ Z
gz gzg
gz gzg
gv gz
g0i gj
gz gz
-Ev

Uqz FU iV g0i w JA zsg

KPZgU, gj wj JA Z gU 0iig
ZV z E. CzP w0iiV g0ijj (g0i + Djj),
wjj (w + Djj), g0i (g0iz+E), w
(wz + E) Ev0iiV Jgq Q0iUAz zsgU z
joVz. AsxP gU Pq U0i gz JAz
g0iz JAz KPZ, ZUgqg AAPAU
gg MAz jw0i gAz z rP0iiVz.
GzguU:C g0iz
C g0iz
Cz g0iz
g0iz
g0iz
V

Cg g0iz
Cg g0iz
C g0iz
g0iz
g0iz

-Ev

- Q0iiz gU P gU

EzgU vi, sv, sv Pz DU Q0iiz gU

, zs, AsxU DU Q0iizgU iV
wj.
FU D Dg gU P gU PU
jVz. C Ul rj.

(1) vi Pz P 0iUU

Pq Pgt zt

154

Eg zsv viPz Jgq g zsjvz. Gv JA

PZP v0i g v gg gU
xg (C) (i)
(C)
(Cz)
zsg ()
Gvg ()

Egv-Egvg
Egv-Egvg
Egvz-Egv
Egw0i-Egwj
Egv-Egv

(ii) Ez-Ezg
Ez-Ezg
Ez-E
E0i-Ej
Ez-Ez

Eg zsv Jgq U0i gU rzg, U

UvU CAzAzg, Eg zsvU viPz Gv JA
PZP v0iz0i Eg+z+z+D=Ez Ev g
zsjvz. EAz Gv JA PZP v0i v gzsjvz.
Pg-Egv, gv, wv Ev0iiV g0i ivq
gr0iAl. Ez vz 0iU DVz.
(iii) vi Pz GAl JA Q0iixP0iz gU
(C) C 0i Egv.
Q0iizP w0iiV,

F Pz Egv JA

(D) C 0i GAl-U GAl JA g zAl.

iV F g viPz xg, zsg
Gvg J Q0iizU gz v.

GzguU:(i) xgPKPZ
AU (C) - C 0i GAl
AU (C) - C 0i GAl
APAU (Cz) - Cz 0i GAl

Z
Cg 0i GAl
Cg 0i GAl
C 0i GAl

(ii) zsgPKPZ- 0i GAl JAz sz (Egw0i JAz)

155

Pq Pgt zt

Z- 0i GAmAz sz (Egwj JAz)

(iii) GvgPKPZ- 0i GAl JAz Uz0ii? (EgvAz)
Z- 0i GAl JAz Uz0ii? (Egv JAz)
U-GAl JA g Eg JA zsv vi Pz
J Q0iizU gz gzAl. Ez Q0iixP0i JAz
Pg0ig.

(2) svPz P gU
(i) iq, Nq, wq, Pq Ev GPgAv zsvUU svP
ZP z JA v0i DUV AzU zsv P0i G PgP
E Pg DzV gz.
iq + z
iq + z
iq + z
iq + z
EzgAv-Nrz, wrz,

+ C = irz
+ Cg = irzg
+ C = irz
+ Ev = irv
-Ev
Prz, -Ev gU w0iP.

(ii) Eg, vg, g-Ev P GPgAv zsvUzg F z

z GPgAv zsvUz iq, Nq-EvUAv g zsj.
GzguU:Eg zsv
Ez - Ezg
Ez - Ezg
Ev
- Ez

GAl

vg zsv
vAz - vAzg
vAz - vAzg
vAv - vAz

g zsv
Az - Azg
Az - Azg
Av - Az

JA Q0iig G JA zsvAz w0iiz gAz Pg

g.
zAl, EgzAl-Ev gU V P0i. E-Egz
JAz GAl z JAz GAl JAz CxiqP. F Q0iizU
Egv, v JA Q0iizz Cxz M A0i vgAv0i
sUv. zAl JAzg gz GAl, JA Cxz
0iUUv.

Pq Pgt zt

156

E0i - Ej
Ez - Ez

vAz - vAj
vAz - vAz

Az - Aj
Az - Az

GzguU rzU Eg zsvU svPz

DSvv0iU PZP v0i AzU Ez JA g
APAU KPZz JPqU DUz. APAU KPZz
iv Q0iiz Ev JA g Azz.
vg, g, zsvU P0i g PgUU Cg DzV Az
vA-A JA g zsjz , PZP v0i DSv v0iU
PV gv.
(iii) Q, , K, U-Ev z0i g WV G
zsvU gU F PVAv DUv(C) Q zsv

(D) zsv

(E) K zsv

(F) U zsv

Qv-Qvg
Qv-Qvg
Qwv-Qv
Qv-Qwj
Qv-Qv

z-zg
z-zg
v-z
z-j
z-z

Jz-Jzg
Jz-Jzg
Jv-Jz
Jz-Jj
Jz-Jz

Vz-Vzg
Vz-Vzg
Vv-Vz
Vz-Vj
Vz-Vz

(iv) Pq, q, q, Gq, vq,

PgAvUz zsvU svPz gU-

Eq-zz

(1) Pq zsv
Pl-Plg
Pl-Plg
Pnv-Pl
Pm-Pnj
Pm-Pm

(2) q zsv
l-lg
l-lg
nv-l
m-nj
m-m

(3) q zsv
l-lg
l-lg
nv-l
m-nj
m-m

(4) Gq zsv
Gl-Glg

(5) vq zsv (6) Eqzsv

vl-vlg El-Elg

Pq Pgt zt

157

Gl-Glg
Gnv-Gl
Gm-Gnj
Gm-Gm

vl-vlg
vnv-vl
vm-vnj
vm-vm

El-Elg
Env-El
Em-Enj
Em-Em

J gU rzg zsv P0i q PgP m Pg

svP ZPz z PgP l Pg J PqU Agz
w0iz.

(3) sv Pz P gU
sv Pz iV a zuU DU.
APAUz KPZz Cz Cx Gz JA DSvv0i,
Zz C Cx G JA DSv v0iU zsvU
gv.
GzguU:- iqz (Cz-DSvv0i)
iqz (Gz-DSvv0i)
iq (C-DSvv0i)
iq (G-DSvv0i)

Q0iizU PlUP
C WAm0i Avg Hl iq (svP)
C WAm0i Avg Hl iqv (viP)
svPz MAz Q0i0i viPP wg z Ezg
Cz viPzAv0i 0iUiqz gr0iz.
GzguU WAm0i Avg Hl iq JAz sv
P DVz. Dzg Cz WAm0i Avg Hl iqv JAz
vi Pz0i 0iU iqz gr.
C 0i g (sv P)
C 0i gv (viP)

Pq Pgt zt

158

(67) MAz Pz q0i Q0i0i g Pz Q0ii

gAz 0iUU s0i GAl. Ez Pl
JAz g.
svPz Q0iizU viPz, viPz
Q0iizU svPz 0iUUv.
(i) viPz Q0iU sw Q0i zPGzgu:(C) C MU Hl iq. (D) CU C g, q.
E MU Hl iqv, CU gv JA vi Pz
0iVPz Q0iiz sw 0iUUArz.
(ii) svPz Q0i zP viPz Q0iiz
0iUPGzgu:(C) C Pqv. (D) Ag gv. Ev.

(4) zsxz g P gU
(i) zsxz xg AU, AU APAU, Jgq
ZU EU C JA DSvv0i iV J
zsvUU gvz.
KPZ
xg C iq
xg C iq
xg Cz iq

Z
Cg iq
C iq

(ii) zsg KPZz iv P zsv Q0iizUvz.

P Nz

(zsv Nz)

A Pgtz Az sQ l eP. C MAz sQv0i

0iU iqPz Pq g sQv0i 0iU ir zAl. CzgAv
E MAz Pz Pz Q0i0i gAz Pz Q0iizAz z
rP.

159

Pq Pgt zt

F Pg iq
P g
Nz, iq, g-JA zsvgU z.
zsxz
zsg KPZz Q0iizU z. Dzg E C JA
DSvv0i Az Vz0iAz sP.
(iii) vg, g, P0ii, 0ii, 0ii JA zsvU KPPg
zsvUz , , EvU, zsxz zs g
KPZz zsvgV0i G0iz g g zsjv.
GzguU: D P v
(1) vg
(vg zsv v g)
(2) g
U *
(g zsv g)
(3) P0ii P
(P0ii+0ii+E=P)
(4) 0ii
(0ii+0ii+E=)
(5) 0ii m0i
(0ii+0ii+E=)

(0ii+E=)
(6)
(7)
U0iAz (0ii+E=)
(8)
AQAz
(0ii+E=)
(iv) zsg KPZ ZU P , j
JAP w0iiV gz v Pq, Prj JAP w0iiV
Pqz JA MAz g 0iVzAl.
GzguU:(i) F HlP gz ( JAzP w0iiV)
(ii) F HlP gz (j JAzP w0iiV)
(iii) JjU Pqz
(Pq JAzP w0iiV
(iv) JjU Pqz
(Prj JAzP w0iiV)
P PwU 0iUP Cz. DSvv0iz
Q0iizUAv0i E. DzjAz E DSv v0i Az zzV
sPAz g.

Uqz F zsvU vg, g JA gAgv. C zsx

zsg KPZz EU gU vg, g-JAz Zz E vA,
A-JAz g Azv.

160

Pq Pgt zt

iV F gU Ugxz J zsvU Gz
v0i a zAl. DU KPZ, ZU F g MAz
jwgvz.
(v) Gvg KPZz iv v0i EAzg v.
KPAzg vU v De, Dz Pz U? Dzg
iq q JAz Pgtz z rP. Zz
iqt, qt, iq, q-Ev Q0iizU
0iVzAl. Dzg iq q Ev 0iUU
Uqz gr0i.
(vi) P xPVzg iv zsxz Gvg KPZ
z C JA DSvv0i gzAl.
GzguU:(C) v0i V PAzg, 0iig zg?
(D) vAz0i qAzg, U U?
(E) qAz U Pq?
-Ev

(5) zsxz g P gU
(i) iq, iqg, iq, iqg, iqz, iq, iq,
iq, iq, iq.
E iq zsv zsxP
Q0iizU. F zsgU P0i FVU Pqz iqz
Pr0iiVz. CP w0iiV E JA Q0iixP0i PzAvP
er zsg z Z. GzguU F PU rj(ii) C iq - JAz C iq iqz+E
JAzg C iqz JAz E. U zsg v.
(iii) U E JA Q0iixP0i zsgir
l gU KPZ, ZU g AUU MAz
jwgv.

xgz
(1) AU

KPZ - C iq (iq JA gP w0iiV)

Z - Cg iq (iqg JAzP w0iiV)

Pq Pgt zt

161

(2) AU
(3)

AP
AU

KPZ - C w
Z - Cg w

(w JAzP w0iiV)
(wg JAzP w0iiV)

KPZ - Cz g
Z - C g

(gz JAzP w0iiV)

(g JAzP w0iiV)

zsgz
(4) q (q-JAxz)
q (qj-JAxz)

Gvgz
(5) g0i (g0i-JAxz)
g0i (g0i-JAxz)
(iv) x-JAx vgU, A0i vgU Dg,
Dg, Dgg, Dgz, Dg, Djj, Dg, Dg-JA gU zsvUU
g. U gU zsvU, Dg-Ev zs gUU
zsz C JAz gz.
GzguU:Hg gg (g+C+Dg)
C Ug (U+C+Dg)
Cg wgg
(w+Cg+Dgg)
Cz ggz
(g+C+Dgz)
gg
(g+C+Dg)
E0ijj (E+C+Djj)
Nzg
(Nz+C+Dg)
g0ig (g+C+Dg)
(v) zsxz De vgU Pqz q JA zsv
P0i gzAl.

Dg

JAz x JAxz zsv DVz. Dzg Ezg Q0iigU P

zsxz0i 0iVqv.
Cjj JA g GAl.
Cjj JA g GAl.

Pq Pgt zt

162

DU Pqz AzU GPgAv zsvU GPgP CPg

DzV0i, E-J PgAvUz zsvU Az CPg DUV0i
gz. q JAz AzU zsv Az Gz JAz
gz.
GzguU: gPqz
(g=g+Pqz)
gPqz
(g=g+Pqz)
C gPqz
(g=g+Pqz)
C gPqz
(g=g+Pqz)
Cg gPqz
(g=g+Pqz)
Cj0iPqz
(Cj+C+Pqz)
Cj0iPqz
(Cj+C+Pqz)
C Cj0iPqz (Cj+C+Pqz)
C Cj0iPqz (Cj+C+Pqz)
q0iPqz
(q+C+Pqz)
q0iPqz
(q+C+Pqz)
C q0iPqz (q+C+Pqz)
(vi) q JA zs g gzP- Gzgu:C gz q
C gz q
Cg gz q
Cz gz q

gz q
wz q
Uz q
z q

JA zsg zsg KPZ, ZU

AzU, Pqz JA zsa0i AzU 0ii g zsv
Azz Cz g Azvz. Zz q JAzg
Az Ej v0i gz.
GzguU: gq
grj

wq
wrj

Pg0iq
Pg0irj

(vii) zsxz E P gU Uj

163

1 DgP Kg
2 gP E0i

Pq Pgt zt

3 C 0iig q
4 t w

Kg, E0i, q, w, E PV Kg, E, q, w zsvU

zs gU.
E zsv P0i gP CPg J PqU
DzV Az. F CPg zsZP v0iz. E J
CPg zsv Az Az.

(6) Asxz g P gU
(i) Asxz iV z JA v0i zsvUU, DSv
v0iP zsz gzAl.
GzguU:U

zsv

KPZ
Z

z, z, v, 0i, z
zg, zg, z, j, z

zsv

KPZ
Z

Az, Az, Av, A0i, Az

Azg, Az, Aj, Az

zsv

KPZ
Z

wAz, wAz, wAv, wA0i, wAz

wAzg, wAz, wAj, wAz

Eg

zsv

KPZ
Z

Ez, Ez, Ev, E0i, Ez

Ezg, Ez, Ej, Ez

zsv

KPZ
Z

Az, Az, Av, A0i, Az

Azg, Az, Aj, Az

zsv

KPZ
Z

z, z, v, 0i, z
zg, z, j, z

zsv

KPZ
Z

Az, Az, Av, A0i, Az

Azg, Az, Aj, Az

F Q0iizU rzU-D, D, Dg, Fv, D,

F0i, Fj, K, K-JA DSvv0iP zsvU zsz z
v0i Agz Uj.
g, w zsvU g v CPgUU Cg, ,
Ev KPPg zsvU W V CgAz Pr A, A

164

Pq Pgt zt

JAz g q0iv, CAzg A, wA, A, A CPgU Az zPg

Czg Az DSvv0iU Az AsgUUv JAz
w0iP.
(ii) Pq, q, q, Gq, vq, Eq, zz q PgAv
DgAz Prz zsvU AsgU svPz gU
v.
GzguU:KPZ Pm, Pm, Pnv, Pn0i, Pm.
Pq zsv
Z Pmg, Pmg, Pm, Pnj, Pm.
q

zsv

KPZ m, m, nv, n0i, m

Z mg, mg, m, nj, m.

zsv

KPZ m, m, nv, n0i, m

Z mg, mg, m, nj, m.

Gq

zsv

KPZ Gm, Gm, Gnv, Gn0i, Gm

Z Gmg, Gmg, Gm, Gnj, Gm.

EU U0i Gz zsvgU Cj0iP

(iii) qPgAvUz-iq,
WgAz Prz zsvU
DU. CU gU F
GzguU:- iq
iqg (ir0iig), irv,

Pq, q, wq zz D
gU z gU U
PU rj.
(ir0ii), iq (ir0ii),
iq, ir0ii-Ev.

GzguU iq JAz ir0ii JAz DUz.

DU zsv GPgP EPgzUz. A0i 0izAv 0iPg
DUV Az gU . Ezg U Gz zsvU zg
U w0iP.
(iv) iV AsxP Q0iizz gU svPz
gU v. PU Png svPz v Asxz
Q0iiz gU P0i Uj. (xg AU gU
iv Pnz. GzU EU U0i wj.)

165

zsv
w
g
wj
j
j
w
q
vq
Pq
Eq
vq

iq
vg
Pt

Pr

Pq Pgt zt

xg AU
svP
Asx
KPZ
Z
KPZ
Z
wAz
- wAzg
wAz
- wAzg
Az
- Azg
Az
- Azg
wjz
- wjzg
wjz
- wjzg
jz - jzg
jz
- jzg
jz - jzg
jz
- jzg
wz
- wzg
wz
- wzg
l
- lg
m
- mg
vl - vlg
vm
- vmg
Pl
- Plg
Pm
- Pmg
El
- Elg
Em
- Emg
vrz - vrzg
vr0ii - vr0iig
(vq - vqg)
irz - irzg
iq
- iqg
vAz
- vAzg
vAz
- vAzg
PAq
- PAqg
PAq
- PAqg
Az
- Azg
Az
- Azg
Prz
- Przg
Prz
- Przg

Q0iizU Cxz g P g zU (Q0iixP0iU).

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

CU P GAl
U t P
CU 0iiz q
t E
Cz C
C fAPU z (Cz)

GAl-JAz G zsvAz z gAz Pg v. Dzg Ez

AUZUAz vU gzjAz Ez Q0iixP0iAz
Pg C0i qvg.

Pq Pgt zt

166

z EAx-P, q, E, C, GAl, z-zz

zU 0id Z. E 0iiU v gz vU
. Ez Q0i0i CxPq C0iU Jvg.
(68) Q0iixP0iU:- Q0iizz CxPq P, q,
GAl, E, C, P, z-Ev C0iU Q0iixP0i
Ug.
iV F Q0iixP0iU vAvV0i, P v
Az EAz Q0iAz Pr 0iUUz GAl. Cx v
Az EAz Q0iizAz Pr 0iUUz GAl.
GzguU:(i) Az Q0i EgzPCrU DV.
(DV+E)
t wP. (w+P
(ii) Az Q0i EgzPU Cz qVz. (q+DVz)
t PVz. (P+DVz)
(iii) vAvV 0iUUzP t E.
v g P.
E P GzguU rj(1) CzP GAmv
(2) CU Cz Pv
(3) U Hl PVv
(4) gd zAz
(5) C Cz E
(6) CU PV
(7) U PVz
(8) EVz
(9) D0iAmVz
(10) iqzAl

(GAl+Dv)
(P+Dv)
(P+DV+Ev)
(z+JAz)
(Ez+E)
(P+DV+E)
(P+DV+Ez)
(E+DVz)
(GAl+DVz)
(iqz+GAl)

Pq Pgt zt

167

GzguU rzg, F Q0iixP0iU Az DU

zsv Q0iizU gzAl. Cx EU Az CP zsvU
CtQ0iU, PzAv sU gz GAl.
VI

- Pt 0iUU

EzgU Pvj 0iUz PP, CPP Q0iizU gU UU

CP 0iU wj. F PV PU Uj.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

1 0i UA
C GAq.
g gt PAz.
Ct Pgz.
P P Nzg.
Gzs0ig o
zg.
ZAz PAq.
dg ev0i irzg.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

2 0i UA
Az C Gtnv.
gAz gt Pl.
CtAz Pg0im.
PAz P Nznv.
Gzs0ijAz o
nv.
Az ZAz Ptl.
djAz ev0i iqnv.

E MAz0i v Jgq0i UA PU MAz Cx

PqAxU.
Dzg Pv, P, Q0iizU jg
v0iU g g0iiV. MAz0i UAg , g,
Ct-Ev PvzU xisPAvV. Jgq0i UAg
C, gt-Avz PzU w0iiAvV. Jgq0i
UAg PzU xisPAvV. GAq-PAz JA
Q0iizU Gtnv (Gt+Cq+z+Ev) Pl (P+
Cq+z+C) Ev Q0iizU zsv Az Cq v0i
Az Q0iizVz. EAx 0iUU Pt 0iUUg.
(69) Pt0iU:- PP zsvU Cq v0i
jz PZP v0i, DSvv0iU j Pt
0iUUUv.

Pq s0i Pt0iUU P wg Pr. Dzg Av s0i

Vg F 0iUU CPgt ir Pqz0i P iqUwz.
V F 0i wzg P.

168

Pq Pgt zt

Pt 0iUz Pvz vw0iiAvV0i, Pzz

xiAvV0i Egv.
GzguU:iq zsv viP
xg-AU
- iq+Cq+Gv+D = iqqv.
xg-AU
- iq+Cq+Gv+D = iqqv.
xg-APAU - iq+Cq+Gv+Cz = iqqvz.
zsg
Gvg

- iq+Cq+Gv+F0i = iqqw0i.
- iq+Cq+Gv+K = iqqv.

EzgAv iqqvg, iqqv, iqqwj, iqqv

Ev Z gU w0iP.
sv v sv Pz Pt 0iUz zgU:
GzguU:- Pg zsv
svP
svP
Pg0il - Pg0ilg
Pg0iq - Pg0iqg
Pg0il - Pg0ilg
Pg0iq - Pg0iqg
Pg0inv - Pg0il
Pg0iqz - Pg0iq
Pg0im - Pg0inj
Pg0iq
- Pg0iqj
Pg0im - Pg0im
Pg0iq - Pg0iq
(zsx-zsx-Asx gU EzgAv0i w0iP.
Cz F gU CAz z C.)
VII

- Pt 0iUz Q0iizz AU

Pvj 0iU
g PAq
C GAq

Pt 0iU
gAz Pnv
Az C Gtnv

PU Pvj 0iUzg g--JA F

PvzU AUUVz, F Pvzz AU-PAq, GAq
JA Q0iizU A C AUUV. Pt 0iUz
UU.
C Q0iizUz Pnv, Gtnv - JA

Pq Pgt zt

169

Q0iizU , C
APAU A.

JA

PzU

AU

JAzg-

(70) Q0iizP Pvj0iUz (PP, CPP Pvj

0iUU) Pv AUZU, Pt 0iUz Pzz
AUZU gv.
GzguU:Pvj - APg Hg jz.
Pt - APgAz Hg gnv.
Pvj - P0i P g0iv.
Pt - PAz P g0iqvz.
Pvj - v0i Pq.
Pt - vAz Pqqz.
Pvj - C qz.
Pt - CAz q0im.
Pvj - vAz0i U gQ.
Pt - vAzAz U gQqz.

(AU)
(APAU)
(AU)
(APAU)
(AU)
(APAU)
(AU)
(AU)
(AU)
(APAU)

MAz Q0iU CP PvU EzU Q0iizz g UUvz?

(1) D0i, Pzg0i, MAm0i, g Azg.
(2) g, PzgU, DU, zU Az.
PU Azg JA Q0iiz Zj rj. F
Q0iizP Pvz D0i, Pzg0i, MAm0i, g JA
U0i PvzU. EU D, Pzg, MAm E AP
AUU. g JA Pvz AUV P0i PvzVz.
DzjAz Azg JA Q0iiz P0i Pvzz AUz
AU Az.
Jgq0i Pz g, DU, PzgU, zU-JA
PvzU Az JA Q0iizP E. JA z0i z
AUVz Gz g APAUUV. P0i Pvzz

170

Pq Pgt zt

zU JAz APAU DVz Az JA Q0iiz AP

AU DVz. CzjAz(71) z CP PvzU MAz Q0iU EgU P0i
Pvzz AU Q0iizP gz.
GzguU:- mUg, U Az. (APAU)
U, mUg Azg. (AU)
, Jv, qU Azg. (AU)
qU, , Jv Az. (APAU)
U PvzVzU Q0iizz gU UUv?
(C) C, , Pr Aj.
(D) C, , MnU Aj.
(E) , Dv Pr j.
PU C JA z0i Pzz
PvzVz. Cz x g AUVz. Jgq0i Pvz
JAz zs g.
Q0iizz Aj JAz zs
g DVz.
2 0i Pz C JA Pvz x g ,
JAz zs g. Aj JA Q0iiz Pq zs g
DVz.
3 0i Pz JA Pvz zs g, Dv JA Pv
zz x g, Q0iiz Pq zs g Dv.
(72) JA zs g PvV, evU
x g z Pvz g Ezg Q0ii z zs
gz Egvz.
GzguU:- g Aj.
g Aj.
v0i, g, Aj.
EzgAv0i

Pq Pgt zt

171

(73) JA Gv g , Evg U
MAz Q0iU PvUVzU Q0iiz Gv g DUz.
GzguU:- , C, Az.
, Pr z.
C, j GAq.

VIII

- gA

Q0iiPw (zsv)
dzsv

E v0iiAv zsv
(v zsv)

172

PP
(Pz
CQ zsv)
iq, w, g, Nz

CPP
(Pz
CQz zsv)
U, K, Nq

Pq Pgt zt

Av PwUU
E v0i Az Dz
zsvU.
(C) s

(i) Pq PwUU E wz.

(ii) CPgt P E wz.
(C) Pr (D) zsUzsV

F z d zsv, E v0iiAv zsvU

vi, sv, sv PU, zsx, zsx,
AsxU DSv v0iU j Q0iizUUv.
PP
zsvU
Az
Cq
v0i
j
Pt
0iUvz.

*****

Cs U
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

zsvAzg?
zsvU J zs? GzguUq jj.
Av PwU Pqz zsvUUz U?
iqv, irv, q, w, U, Pgz -F

173

Pq Pgt zt

Q0iizU r gz E 0ii P Cx Cxz

Q0iizUAz wj.
(5) Cg 0i E. E E JAz JAx z?
(6) Q0iixP0iUAzg? j.
(7) Q0iiz JAzg?
(8) PZP v0iUAzg? j.
(9) PV PU ng U j0iiz z jj:(i) vi Pz zsvU DSv v0iP zsz
P ZP v0i gz.
(ii) z JA PZP v0i Pz U
P zsz gz.
(iii) sv Pz zsvU P zsz JA
ZP v0i gz.
(iv) iq JAz zsv Cxz g
x KPZ Q0iiz.
(v) iq zsv zsxP xg KPZz g
Zz gVz.
(vi) wz JAz z g g
Zz gVz.
(vii) CPP zsvUAzg CQgAxU.
(viii) Pz CQ zsvUU zsvUAz g.
(10) PV PU ng z Az DgtzU Png
MAz j Gvg qQ gj.
(i) zsvU v0iU j Q0iizUU.
(DSvv0i, sQv0i, vvv0i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Pt 0iUz zsv Az v0i gz.

(D-z-, Cq)
Avz P PwU v0i Az Pqz
zsvUU. (Gv, Cq, E)
svPz zsvU DSv v0iP zsz g
z v0i Jg.

174

(v)

(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)

Pq Pgt zt

(DSvv0i, sxP v0i, PZP v0i)

Gv JA PZP v0i Pz zsvU
DSv v0iP zsz gz.
(sv, sv, vi)
Az qz Q0i0i a P Jg.
(svP, viP, svP)
iq JA Q0iiz Cx az.
(Asx, zsx, zsx)
Pt 0iUz Pvz sPAvVgvz.
(xi, w0ii, vw0ii)
guxz zsvU Az v0i gz.
(Gv, z, , E)

(11) PV PU vU. CU jrj:

(i) gv JA Q0iiz sv zsg KPZ.
(ii) Az JA Q0iiz svPz Gvg KPZ.
(iii) zsvUU sQv0i j Q0iizU.
(iv) Eg-U zsvU PPU.
(v) PP zsvUAzg Pz CQgAx zsvU.
(vi) g 0i Pnz JA Pz 0i JAz
PvzVz.
(vii) Pvj 0iUz Pz xisPAvVgvz.
(viii) svPz zsvU DSv v0iP zsz Gv
JA PZP v0i gz.
(ix) iqqvz JA Q0iiz Pvj0iUz Q0iizVz.
(x) Q0i0i q0igP0i a Q0iiz AsxP
Q0iizz.
(12) iq zsv viP-xg-AU, Z
g j.
(13) w F Q0iizz-zsv, P, g, AUZU?

175

Pq Pgt zt

*****

Rz P zsvU
Pq gtU0i g Rz P zsvU n0i F PU
PqVz zsv Cx v Q0iizz MAz g iv
PqVz.
zsv
- Cx
- Q0iiz
Cg
- U
- Cjv
Cg
- U
- Cgv

Pq Pgt zt

176

Cqg
C
Cq
CV
Cg
CU
Cg55
CAl
CqU
Cj
Cj55
Cg
C
C56
C
CAd
C
C
C

zsv
CZ
D
D
Dg
D
DU
Dg

Kg
vP
CrU iq
Az CV0iP
Cg0iP
vq
qP
v
aP
Pvj
w
Cq
wgU
APlq
Cviq
zg
0ii
gziq
EzAviq

Cx
CP
gdsg iq
zsj
MtU
P
V
Dsn

Cqjz
Cz
Cl
CVz
Cgz
CUz
Cg
CAnv
CqVv
Cjz
Cjz
Cjv
Cz
Cz
Cz
CAfz
Cz
Cv
Cz

Q0iiz
Caz
Dz
DAv
Djv
Dz
Dv
Dz (DzA)

Cg JA gPg, Cj JA j Pg Pl gsUzg P0i F

t FU PngzjAz gs gPg g0iVz. J PqU D
0i .
56 C-JA Pg g Pg. D 0i z J PqU Pg
g0iVz.
55

Pq Pgt zt

177

Dg
Eq
EP
EP
EP
Eg
E
Ej
E
EAU
Fqq
F0ii
FAl
F
Fd
Gq
GV
GU
G
Gg
G
GP
Gg
Gzg

zsv
Gg
G
Gj
GU
Gd
GP

x
EqP
q
Z
q-P
EgP
t0iU iq
Pvj
PU U
EzU
Zq
PgP
Pr

j FP

GqP
J0iz
GUP
zBT

P
g

PU

Cx
GgP
GvU-zU
AQ v
vqzivq
wP
gUvqP

Dg
El
EQz
Pz EQz
EQz
Ez
JZ
Ejz
Ez
EAVv
Fqrz
Fv-(Fv)
FAnz
Fz
Ffz
Gl
GV
GUz
Gz
Gjz
Gz
GQ
Gjv
Gzjv

Q0iiz
Ggv
Gz
Gj0ivz
GUv
Gfz
GQz

Pq Pgt zt

178

Gz
G
G
Hg
Hq
Hz
Jt
J
JU
J (J)
Jg
Jg
J
JgU
K
JgU
J
Kz
MU
M0ii
Mg
Mg
MgU
Mg

wP
Q
s0i iq
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Hlirz
U0iq
Piq
Z
iq

q
q
dU

Jz
j
CQ
vU
l
V-gqUM
MUU
fU
U-D

zsv
- Cx
MqAq - M
Mq
- -Cg
-sUiq-j
M
- w
M
- wAz-CU
MPP - P-V
Mq
- JzgU-q

Gzvz
Gz
Gv
Hjz
Hrz
Hz
Jtz
Jz
JVz
JAz
Jgz
Jgz
Jz
JgVv
Jz
JgVz
Jz
Kzv
MUv
M0i
Mjv
Mjv
MgVz-
Mgz

- Q0iiz
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-

Mz
Mv
MPQz
Mrzg- PMrzg

Pq Pgt zt

179

MtU
Mv
Nz
N
N
NPj
Nq
OAP
CAP
OvP
P
Pj
Pg

U
P-PPv
NzP
D
AgQ
Awiq
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P
ZP
CqU
Piq
Pj0iP
j

Pg
P
P
P
P
P
Pr
PP
PZ

Pg0iP
PU
P
w
g
P0iP
b
PPP
AzPr

zsv
Pl
P
PqUt
PAU
PzP
Pzq

Cx
A
Cj
wgj
P
PzPP
PzqP

MtVv
Mwz
Nz
Nz
Nz
NPjz
Nrz
OAQz
CAQz
OvPAq
Pz
Ju0i Pjz
Pgz
Pgv
Pgz
Pz
Pv
Pv
Pz
Pz
Prz
gPQv
Paz

Q0iiz
Pnz
Pz
PqUtz
PAUvz
PzQz
Pzrz

Pq Pgt zt

180

PzP
P
Pj
PgU
P
P
P(P0ii) (P)
Pt
Pz
Pq
P0i(P)
Pq
Qq (Pq)
Q
Q
PAz
PP
Pr
Pq (Pq)
P

PQAz PP
PU
qr
U
PP
PP
gQ
q
dUq
gQ
0ig
PlPq
PqP
QP
QUP
Mv
PPP
(ZAaAz PPz)
- Pr0iP
- PqP
- P0iP (PgP)

P
PU (PU)
PP

- g
- tzU (GqU)
- Cr

zsv
Pq
PU
PZ
Pq(Pq)
Pq
Pg

Cx
g
PUP
PZP
P Av iq

vj

PzQv
Pz
Pjz
PgVv
Pz
Pz
P0iv-P0i
PAq
Pz
Prz
Pz-Pz
Pqv
Pl
Qv
Qwz
PAz (Pr0iiU)
PPvz
PQv
Prz
Pl
Pv
(z Pz)
- Pv
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Q0iiz
Prz
PVz
Paz
Pqz(Pqz)
Pqz
Pgz

Pq Pgt zt

181

PtP
Pv
Pr
Pg
Pg
P
Pg

PUq
Pq
Pg
Pq(Pq)
PAqq
Pg
P(P)
PZ
Pq
PgU
Pg
P0ii
P
Pg
Pg
Uzg
U

zsv
U
Uz
Ur
UqU
U (U)
U0ii (U)

gV
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iq
nU
wgP
PP
iq
(zs iqP)
PUU
vf
U
PqP
U
aUg

Zgiq
PqP
q
Pvj
P0iP
P0iP
PuPP
0i
liq Uzj
gl

PtQz
Pwzg
Prz
Pgz
Pjz
Pz
Pjz

PUrv
Pl
Pjv
Pl
PAqrz
Pjv
PAz
Paz
Pqz
PgVz
Pgz
P0i
Pwz
Pgvz
Pjz
Uzjz
Uz

Cx
PqP
Az q
Ziq
Uzj
Uz
iqP

Q0iiz
Uz
Uz
Urz
UqVz
Uz
U0i

Pq Pgt zt

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Ug
Uq
Z
ZZ (dd)
aV
ag
ZZ
a
ZZ
av
al
aQ
a
dd
eg
dU
dr
fU (fAU)
vU
vt
vU
v
vq

zsv
vl
vq
vt
v
v

vP aU0iP
ZV zBRq
q
dfP
PgP
Un0iiV PU
Aziq
gAz P
ZZP
P
GUjAz ZZ
aQP
aP
dfP
egP
egP
q
tU MgP
AP
vU
U
P
PAz
nqP

- Cx
- r
- , Jzj,
wA
- vq
- Az, zsj
- aQ

Ujz
Ul
Zz
Zaz
aVwv
ajz
Zaz
az
Zav
avz
anz
g aQz
av
dfz
ejz
dUvz
drz
fUvz
vUv
vtz
vVz
vz
vqz

- Q0iiz
- vnz
- vqz
- vtz
- vz
- gvz

Pq Pgt zt

183

vz
vg
v
v
vj
v
vt
v
v
vP (vU)
v
vU
w
wgU
w
wj
w
wz
wP
wq
wg
w
vA
vgP

zsv
vq (vq)
vP
v
vj
vqP
vU

ZwAz
DAV
Pvj
g
APlq
vqiq
Az (zsj)
l, JzgU
j
AP
w0iP
C, g
sQ
wj0iP
ZZ
jr
Gd

V
vA
vAP
gAz Eq

Cx
zsj
gZ
l
Pg
DvgAz r
Cr, Cviq

vz
vgz
vz
vz
vjz
vz
vtz
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184

vU
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Pq Pgt zt

185

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q
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AP (P)

P, Pq
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v (v)
g (g)

Cx
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Pz jz
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rz
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0i
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(0iv iqP)
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Pq Pgt zt

186

g (g)

Pg
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r
()
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(U) (U)
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gq
g (g)
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z
()
g (g)

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U (U)

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AU (AU)
g (g)
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z (z)
rz (rz)
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t (t)
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()
gl
gz (gz)
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(v)
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(jz)
z (z)

- Cx
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- Q0iiz
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zgU
gP
g0iP
aAw, 0ia

AVv (AVv)
jzA (jz)
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Pq Pgt zt

187

g
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P
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v
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Pq Pgt zt

188

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Q0iiz
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ir
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Cx
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Pq Pgt zt

189

U
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Pq Pgt zt

190

U
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(0ii)
P
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()
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Cx
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- Vz
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Q0iiz
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Pq Pgt zt

191

()
gq
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AZ
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- Cx
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gP
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Q0i0i
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- Q0iiz
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ZQz
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Pq Pgt zt

192

g
j
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Az

sggP
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gPuiq
g, q
P
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dUq
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*****

Czs0i 6

i Pgt
(1) Cg-0i-As
F Pz PU Ug Qg Cg JA zz, 0i JA
zz CxU gg. Dzg Cz Cx gAv Cgq zU
Cg0i JA MAz z ir z. U MAz z ir

193

Pq Pgt zt

zzjAz P, zs0i, g0i Pr0iiv?

Cx Pq.
(2) jzz vg0i j0iwvF Pz, jzz vg0i JAgq zU.
Av zg j0iwv Jz.

(3) P U vAzF Pz P U JAgq zU PU

vAz-JAz z.
(4) F Hg dg PgU, PmU, U, s qzg.E PgU, PmU, U JA F g zU
PgPmU JAz MAz z ir z. U Jgq, g
Cx Z zU MAz z ir zU U Pz
Gv0iUvz; g0izP G0iV Q0i Gv0iUvz.
CzP (zP) G0iV zsQ0i Gv0iUvz.
0iiU sPAQ0i? s0i F vgz sU
irPv. Dzg U J PqU g zU Pr
MAz z ir P. Jgq zU j zUz
Z. P Pq g zU j zUz.
(1) Cg -Egq zU Pr MAz z ir zU
Cg Pw0i Az Eg C JA sQ0i, Czg vV
Az PgU, U. Ez Cz M Pw0ig
Pg UzAl. U E V Cg JA Pw0i MAz
sUz Cg JA Cg AAzsz JA Cx g
z zv.
(2) jzz vg-Egq zU j MAz z ir zU
jz JA Pw0i z JA g zsjz.
vg JA0i
z Adz v Pg zPgV zg JA zv.
U zU gAvg A zUUzAl.
(3) P -Egq zU j z ir U
P JA Pw0i Az Az C sQ0i, D sQ0i vV

Pq Pgt zt

194

Az PgU V P JA Pw iv Gz P
JA z zv.
(4) PgU, PmU, U JA F g zU Eg C JA
sQ0i, ZU a U JA DU V
Pg, Pm, JA Pw iv Gz PgPm JA z
zUz. Az U JA Z ZP DU C JA
sQ0i j PgPmU JA sPAv z
zUz. guAz zU U vAzg
P0iiUz. g zU CxAAzs qgP. M
PwU PgUUzAl. Cg JA Pw0i Cg JAz,
jz JAz z JAz Ggz wj.
EAx
Ezg v F PVAv
z i JAz vg.
z.
(74) i-Jgq Cx CP zU CxPgV j
zszg sQ v0i irPAq MAz zUz
iz.
iz g z0i z zAz, Jgq0i
z GvgzAz PgPz. z r g0i
zP UPg.
GzguU:z +
0i
+
gz
+
P
+
zg
+
jz
+
jz
+
zqzz +
P0i
+
P
+
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+

Gvgz
P
P

Ag
vg
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=
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z (i)
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gU
P
zAg
zg
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AU
AU
ZPt ()

Pq Pgt zt

195

+ Pt (G)

= Pt ()

U i iqzP P AzsU. q Pq
s0i Cz U E0iAz A PgtU wj.
Av U s0i V jV.
I-

Cji

Av-Av U j iUz Cx Pq-Pq

U j iUz. vz-vz U j iU
z.
Cx CZUq vz U j i
iqz. Dzg Pq-Av U j i iqgz.
Dzg CP A PU U j i irzg. U
DVVg iUU gvV U Az U Av-Pq
U j i iqgz. U Av-Pq U j
DU i CjiAz vg.
CjiAzg?
JAzP v PVAv z.
(75) Pq zzq Av z j i iqgz.
U irzg Cz Cji g.
Dzg PU irg ztgz. gzU
z. UPi, Q0iiiU z.
GzguU:- (1) PU irz iU0i
vgUz
AUz
zz

+
+
+
+

P
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Dgw
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vgUz
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zw

iU-0i, z, Dgw, zz E Pq zU.

P, vgU, AU, w-E Av zU. E Pr iU
z vg.
Dzg AAz PU v PU ir,
0iVnzgzjAz E zsAz w0iP. Ezg U
Prz

+ gU

= PqgU

Pq Pgt zt

196

Uz
Pjvz
igAv
jz
Jgq
g

AZ

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

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C

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UgU
Pg
i

EU
g
iP
AZg

Ev P 0iUU ztgz. Dzg zV F

jw0i zU iqzg P s0i PrgzAz
Plq irzgAz sP.
(2) gzU ztgz-zRzs,
g0iP, zSv, CAPwuv-EvU gzU.
0iizzg MAz vz 0izzU, Cx vz
PgzU, Ezzg Cw0iz Pgz g0iizU
gdg PjU gzU PqzAl. Ez A zw.
z gzU CAx.
E Pq PU A.
EAxUU gzU Jv. gzU z
g0i CAP zz U Pq U. E Av Uq
j zUV.

zz
+ RP
+ zs
= zRzs57
g0ig + P = g0iP58
zz
+ RP
+ Dv
= zSv59
zRzs-z AsUz Piz JAz Ml Cx
P. z=z, R=AsUP, zs=zstAz Prz-JAzg
Piz Cx svg-JAz Cx.
58 g0iP-jgdg PAliq x qz.
59 zSv-z AsUz gAv P.
57

197

CAPz + wuv

Pq Pgt zt

= CAPwuv60

(3) UP v Q0iiiU Cji zgz

Az D0ii0i iU jg w0iwj.
P ZU Pg JAx zUq i iqP,
iqgz JA UU 0i wj. FU U iU J
zsU iqz? JA UU w0it.
II

- iz zsU

i zUP0i JAl zsU AUrz Pqz

gr. CUU g g gU Pnzg.
(76) iU Ml (1) vvg (2) Pzsg0i (3) U
(4) CA (5) zAz (6) (7) Q0ii61 (8) UP iAz
JAl zs.

(1) vvgi
Cg

JA z rzU Cg+ JAz DUz.

E Cg JA zz Cx R? JA zz Cx R?
JAzg- JA zz Cx R. 0iig ? JA U Cg
AAzsz JAz UvUz. DzzjAz JA z F
zz R.
P

JA zz U0i P AAzsz JAx

gz. U CP zs. Dzg P JA z PU
AAz JA zz Cx zsAz ir
vjz.
Cg, P F zU Jgq zU zU DV
v Gvgzg zU Cx zsVz. DzjAz Ezg v
U z.
CAPwuv-0izz wuvU iz. CAP P g CxUAl.
E 0iz zszz.
61 Q0iii Pg w0ii vvg iAz zAl.
60

Pq Pgt zt

198

(77) vvgi:- Jgq zU j izU

Gvgzz Cx zsV G iP vvg ig.
(z vw0ii sQUAz zAq sQ0i gU
0iizzg sPAvVgP. DU zzz sQ 0iiz Czg
j i z rP62.)
GzguU:- (i) Pq-Pq U j iVgzPgz
lz
P
v0i
U
vjU
PtAz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

P
vg
U

P
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Pgq

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

gU
lzg
PU
v
UU
vgg
PtPgq

(vvg)
(

)
(

)
(vvg)
(

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(Zvyvvg)
(vw0iivvg)

(ii) Av-Av U j iVgzPPUAz

WzAz
Gvg
zg
zsz
0iAz

+
+
+
+
+
+

Av
s0i
Gv
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=
=
=
=
=
=

PAv
Ws0i
Gvv
zAg
zsgPu
0iz

(vw0iivvg)
(AZvvg)
(vvg)
(vvg)
(vvg)
(vw0iivvg)

Zg:- gu irgAv iVg GzguU

U, gU, lzg-F iU P JA0i PPgP
UPg, P JA PPgP UPg63, vg JA vPgP zPg
DzUV Agz Uj. U iz Gvgzz D0i
g Pv AdUU PV Uz AdU, AdUU
P+=P, z zz sQ Ez Cz izU
Uz. DzjAz Ez vvgi JAz Pg0iz rP.
63 P JAzP U JAz JAz w0iP. AdP Cz Ad V
gvz.
62

Pq Pgt zt

199

Pg DzV gzAl. ggz P PqUAl. F

Zg A APgtz Dz AU JA zV z.
eP.

(2) Pzsg0i i
zq
zq
j0ig
aPjAz

+
+
+
+

qU
AU
P
PAz

=
=
=
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zqqU
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j0iP
aPPAz

F GzguU rzg-zq, zq, j0ig,

aPg Ev zU PV qU, AU, P, PAz-JA
zUU tUV. Pq0i sQU V. CAzgzqg
JAz
xisQ0iizg
qU
JAz
xisQ0iiVz. aPjAz JAz vw0iisQ0iizg PAz
JAz vw0iisQ0i DVz. ZU (KPZ, ZU)
iV0i E. Cz AUU V. CAzg - vg
zU AU, Z, sQUAz Vgv JAz Cx. F iz
v F PVAv z.
(78) Pzsg0i i:- vgzU AU, Z,
sQUAz iVz, t AAzsAz Pr DU
iP Pzsg0iig.
Ezg Gvgzz Cx zsVgz64.
GzguU:- (i) Pq Pq zU j iVgzPjz

+ e

= e

Pzsg0i i vvg iz MAz sz DVz. EzgAv Az

U UP iAz F Pzsg0i iz MAz sz DVz.
Uqz iV PzAvU zVzg UP iAz,
ASZP zVzg U iAz, sz iqvg. Uqz
iV ASZP, UtZP PzAv, U zVzg
UPivg.
64

Pq Pgt zt

200

0iz
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Ez
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jz
aP
aPz
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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Pq
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Pq

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Uq
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aPqV
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(PPgP UPgz)
(

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(PgP ZPgz)

(PgP Pgz)
(PgP Pgz)
(PPgP UPgz)

(ii) Av Av U j iVgzPz
vz
vz
vz
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vz
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Gv

bv
P
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t
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CAg
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=
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v65
v
vbv
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g
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vt
vgt
v
vAg
P

(P)
(0i)
(0iPq)
(zqVq)

(z)

Pq, Av iU zU tUVz
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JAz r joAl.
Prz JAzx) JAz UP iqU Dz DzAx
JA z j z gr; wPUg C. Cz, Dz DzAx
JA iz gPz zU.
65

z-(tAz

Pq Pgt zt

201

(iii) Pzsg0i iz Gi0is AAzsAz

vg zUgv.
vg0iAv + Pt = vgUt (Giz Pzsg0i)

)
AqjPzAv + CPU = AqjPPU (
(iv) Gi Gvgzz0i EgzAl.
CrU
R
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Pg

+
+
+
+

vg0iAv
PzAv
PUAv
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=
=
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Crzg
RP
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(v) P Pq Czsgu0i JAzg zsj Cxz K JA

g CAvz Gz zV iUzAl. EzP
CzsguzPzsg0i i Jg.
s
R

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+
+
+
+
+

Dg
D0izs
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Dg

=
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sg66
S0izs
gAUs
Rf
vg
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(vi) E P Pq As irzU CAzg H irzU (EAx
jz JAz H ir zU) Pzsg0i iUz.
E Asz Pzsg0i iU67.
Pj JA = Pj.
Agd = gd.
JA zv = zv.
s0iA iv = siv.
E Pgz Ag KPg Czsgu0i KPgz. Czsgu JAzg
zsg ir z. CP DgU s JAz zsj Vz.
67 Pzsg0i iz E, us0izPzsg0i
uvgzPzsg0i, zszPzsg0i-Ev szU
zAl. C C RAz E w.
66

202

Pq Pgt zt

AzsA v = Azsv.
FU PU PAz Pzsg0i zU n0i Pnz. E
UqPU V 0iVqv. C Uq Uz
z sUU Nz EU jZ0i irPAqg P.
(vii) ZAUtV, PAUtV, ZAzAU, PAzAU, ZA, ZAzg,
PAzg, PQ, g, V, Pt, PAeq, qUu, lg,
ml, PV, Pg, g, A, AUg, vAUg, g,
gq, g, vg, Qu, jg, gzg, vzA, Mq,
V, U, g, Png, Png, Pm, vt, vAg,
vAU-Ev.

(3) Ui
Jgq+P=EP (EP), g+r=r -EP, r Ev
zU z z ASZPV Gvgzg zzq
j DV. UiAzg z ASZPV0i EgP.
(79) Ui:- z ASZPVz, Gvgzg
zzq j DU i Uiz. (Ez
Pq vvg iz MAz sz JAz g.)
(i) Pq - Pq U j DzzPGzguU:MAz +
Jgq +
g +
+
Lz +
Jgq +
Jgq +
Jgq +
Jgq +
g +

Pl
r
r
r
r

vg
Arg
iv
Uz

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

MUl
(PPgP UPgz)
Er
r
r
(PgP Pgz)
Lr (Lzr)
(

)
E
Jgg (Egg)
EgArg (EgArg)
Jgv
Uz

Pq Pgt zt

203

g + Pt
MAz + Pt

= Pt
= MPt

(ii) Av - Av U j iVgzP68AZUz
Uz
AZUz
zUz
zUz
w Dz
Uz
CzUz
Uz
KPz
Dz
Uz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

EA0iU
CAUU
lU
0iU
RU
vU
PU
gtU
gU
CAU
g
UgU

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

AZA0iU
AUU
AZlU
z0iU
zRU
wvU
PU
CzgtU
gU
KPAU
g
UgU

(4) CAi
CAU, AU-F zU P0i+Cr69=CAU, P0i+Az=
AU - Ev0iiV r z. F Jgq zU-MAz P
JA z, EAz Czg (P0i) MAz CA Cr JA
z E. P 0iAz CP CAUUAq CA, Cr JAz
CA. U MAz CA MAz CA EUUAq iUz
CAi. E z, Gvgz Jgq zU j iUz
E Png GzguU Pqz qv. zz Az Dz,
Uz Ev U i r U z rP.
69 P0i + Cr = CAU-Ev0iiV r zw AAz Az. iz
z GvgzV, Gvgz zV vz. Ez P zw0i
gv g K C-EzP w0iiV Cr+P-U zg zsP.
68

204

Pq Pgt zt

(CAU-AU Uz ) Cr, Az-JA zU

Cx zsUz. Avz U zz Cx zsV
G iP Csg. Czj Pqz Pg F
CAi Cs JAz Pg0izAl70.
(80) CAi:- vgzU CAAs AAzsAz
j zz Dx zsV G iP CA ig.
(Ez Pg CsAz Pg0izAl.)
P0i

+ Cr

- (Cr zg r CPgP Cgz

= CAU

+ Cr

= CAU

P0i
P

+ Az = AU
+ = AU -

P0i + = AU
P
+ Az = AU
U + Az = AU

E
v0i
v0i
V

Pt

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Av
Az
Az
v
P
Pr
Pq

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

v PPgP UPgz)
(Cr zg r PgP Cg,
PPgP UPgz)
(Az JAzg zPg )
( zg PgP Cg,
PPgP UPgz)
(

w71
Az
Az
vU
P
Pr
PqUt

Avz Cs, Pqz CA EUU szz. Avz Csz

MAz z C0iz Egvz. Pqz U Eg. E CAAs
R.
71 E=, E + C = E JAz sPAvAz w0iP. E JAzg
0i JAz Cx.
70

205

Pm0i
Pg0i
Pm0i
q0i
0i
0i
vn0i

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

PU
PU
U
PU
gU
MU
PU

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Pq Pgt zt

PUm
PUg (Qg-.U.)
Um
Qq (PU P Q Dz)
g
M
Pzn

(i) Avz CsiPGzgu:P

+ CwPzAv Gz = 0ixP72
Cx + CwPzAv Gz = 0ixx
w0i + CwPzAv Gz = 0ixw
vzz = v
Avz Cs iz 0ix, g-Ev zU,
C0iU, P, Cx, w, v-zz zU. U MAz
C0i zzq j iV Csz. Pqz
F zU CAzg 0ixx, 0ixw-Ev zU P0igzjAz
E F GzguU Pnz.

(5) zAzi
(C) Dv irPArz.
(D) PgPmU Pnz.
Ev PU Ag , PgPm F Jgq zU r
gzg + 0i = U Cx 0i
JAz, Pg0i + Pm0i, PgPmU Cx PgPm0i - Ev0iiV
z.
E F z Az iUAv z Cx Gvgz
0iizzgAz zz CxP zsv Egz, J zU Cx
0ixPz zsirz-JAzg P CwPzP z zs
irzg JAz Cx. CwPzP z JAzg gzP z JAz
Cx.
72

Pq Pgt zt

206

zsVg. irPAq. 0i irPAqJAzg , Jgq zUU 0iU vgvz. P 0i,

U z 0iU PvU Ez JAz Cx. Ez U0i Pg0i,
Pm0i Egq UU PvzP 0iUgvz. U 0iU
vgAv i zAziz.
F iz
JgqQAv Z zU Egz. F iz v PVAv
z.
(81) zAzi:- Jgq Cx CP zU 0iU
vgAv j J zU CxU zsV G iP
zAziAz g.
GzguU:- (i) Pq - Pq U j iUzP:
Pg0i + Pm0i + 0i =
=
Vq, g, 0i, z0i =
=
D0i, Pzg0i, MAm0i
=
=
UqU, r, AZ
=
=

PgPmU Cx
PgPm
VqgzU
Vqgz
DPzgMAmU
DPzgMAm
UqUrAZU
UqUrAZ

E zAziz z ZAvV0i,
KPZAvV0i zAl. Cz g EZ. KPZAvV
Avg igzAz Az, ZAvV Avg Evgvg0iU
zAz Az g.
(ii) Av - Av U j iUzP:Vj0i++zU=VjzUU=VjzU
g+ZAz+Pv=gZAzPvU=gZAzPv
Pj0i+vgU+gx=PjvgUgxU=PjvgUgx - Ev.

(6) i

207

Pq Pgt zt

uUt, Pt, qU -F izU rgzg

u0i+PtG, g+PtG, rz+UG - U
DUv. u0i+Pt -F Jgq zU Cx E R C.
F Jgq zU CxAz 0i izz JA C zz
CAzg g0i zz Cx P (Rzz), g+Pt
G 0iig C-CAzg JAzg Cx R. CzgAv
rzz U G Q 0iig C Sx. E JA zP
u0i Pt-JAgq zU tU. Cx Egq zUU
JAz v.
Ezg U0i GzU w0iP.
U izg zU CxP zsv0i Ez Cz gAz
zz Cx zsV E Egvz.
(82) i:- Jgq Cx CP zU j
izU gAz zz (Czz) Cx zsV G
iP ig.
GzguU: (i) Pq - Pq zU j iUzPg+Pt-G=Pt (g zP P Dz)
+U-G=U ( zP Dz)
PA(Dz) Pt-G=PAUt.
qAP(Dz) P-G=qAPU.
Prz(Dz) ZU-G-PqZV.
z J GzguU rzg z Gvgz
zUgq i sQAz Pr. CAzg MAz sPAvV. U
vgzUgq i sQAz Przg Cz iPgt
JAz Pg0ig. (g g) sQUAz Przg
Pgt Jg. Pgt U PUt GzguU
rj.

+ CPgt
u0i + Pt
QZ
+ Pt

Pgt
G
DAU C

= Uvz CPgt
= uUt ()
= QZUt ()

Pq Pgt zt

208

Ezg U0i Uqz g P GzguU rj.

PAQzz+-DAU=PAP (iPgt)
CU+PuU-DAU=CUu0i (iPgt)
Uz v+GrU-DAU=Uzq0iA (iPgt)
Ezg U0i P-AU, Ezz-,
P V G-P. (P+V G P).
GzguU rzg, iz C Cx E JA
v0iU jzz PAqgz. qAPU JA C JAz,
PqZV JA E JAz A.
Ezg U0i J PqU
iz C Cx E v0iU gv. EP iAv
v0iUAz Pg0ig.
(ii) Av - Av U j iUzP Gzgu:ZP+t0i DAU C=ZPt (Pgt)
sz+v G=sv (Pgt)
EP+PzAqV G=EPPzAq (iPgt)
EzgU iz g GzguU wj. E
P jw0i GzguU U E Ptgv. PU jgz
rj.
zq ut 0i Dv U zAl. ut
JAzg t0izjAz, t0izjAz Dz 0iz ut E
dU Czv. EzgAvCjU

PAz+PAz irz dU-PP.

RqAz+RqAz irz dU-Rq Rr.
ut, PP, RqRr Ev iU wg Pt
Az iz MAz U0iiV g.

(7) Q0iii
(i) Pnz

(iii) Putz Ez

Pq Pgt zt

209

(ii) Hgjz

(iv) gz Pv

PU Ug Jg zU rzg0i + Pnz
Hg + jz

Pt + Ptz
0i + gv

JAz DU. zg zU w0iisPAvUz z

UV. Gvgz iv Pnz, jz JA Q0iizU, Ptz,
gv Ev Ct Q0iU (PzAvU)73 E. CAzg Gvg
zU Q0iAz Pr Jz.
Mn z J
zU w0iiAv zUAz, Gvgz Q0iAz
Pr Jz. P Pq-jAz+Pr=Ur, U vw0iiAv
V0i zgz. Dzg w0iisPAvVgz Z.
v F PVAv z.
(83) Q0iii:- z 0iB w0iiAvVz
Gvgzg Q0i0iq j DU i Q0iiig.
0iB

JAz vz gzjAz g sQU

gvAz w0iP. F iz Cji z.
(i) Pq - Pq U j DU iP Gzgu0i
P0i
Pt
v0i

+
+
+
+

vq
n
a
Pq

=
=
=
=

0i
v0i
Pt
PtA

+
+
+
+

a
vUz
vgz
vg

=
=
=
=

zq (vPgP zPgz)
Pn
Pta
vUq (PPgP UPgz)
(vPq)
a
vzUz (vPgP zPgz)
Pt vgz
Pug (.U. g) (vPgP zPgz)

Ct Q0iU (PzAvU) EU UU Az jU PzAvPgtz

w0iwj. PzAvUAzg zsvU Pv v0i j Dz g,
(Pv+CAv=PzAv) Pv CAzg MAz v0i.
73

Pq Pgt zt

210

P0i
u0i
m0i
P0i
zj0i

+
+
+
+
+

rz
Ev
vg
Pl
Pt

=
=
=
=
=

Prz (PgP Pgz)

uv
mzg (vPgP zPgz)
PPl
zjUt (PPgP UPgz)

(ii) z g sPAv vgzPjAz + Pr = Ur (PPgP UPg)

jAz + g = gg (PgP Pg)
PtAz + Pq
= PAUq (PPgP UPg)
jA + g = gg (PgP Pg)
j + Az = gAz74
(iii) Uq Q0iii gU0iA + vz
MtA + EQ
zA
+ Uz
A + gz
jA
+ g
P0iA
+ vz

=
=
=
=
=
=

(iv) Av zzq
GzguUPg +
v +
i +
P +

=
=
=
=

zz
MtQ
zUz
Agz
gg75
Pzz

Pqz Q0i0i j DU Q0iiiz

irz
rz
irz
gz

Pgirz
vrz
iirz
Pgz

(8) UPi

zsv iq JAxz. E sQ0i zVgz

Uz. U g GzguU wg Pr.
75 z vw0ii sPAvVz.
74

211

Pq Pgt zt

D , D Hg, F , F AU Ev zU U
P irzg (r gzg), Cz+=D , Cz+Hg=D Hg,
E+=F , E+AU=F AU Ev gU
U. E zU Cz, E, E Ev zU
V. U z V Gvgz zzq j
iV.
qUq,
jUq-Ev
zU
r
gzg,
qz+Pq, jzz+Pq-U DUvz. E0i F U PU
Uzg, zU qz, jzz-Ev PzAv UAz
Pr. Gvgz zU. U z zg
DVgz; PzAvzg DVgz.
Gvgz zgP.
UU i UPi vg76. Ezg v U.
(84) UPi:- z PzAvU MAzVz,
Gvgzg zzq Pr DU i UPiAz
Pg0ig. F iz Cji z JtPqz.

GzguU:- (i) z Az PrgzPC + qU = D qU

C + AU = D AU
Cz + P
= D P
E + UAq = F UAq
E + zQ = F zQ
Ez + = F
( C, C, Cz-JAzP D JAz, E, E,
Ez-JAzP F JAz DzUV A.)
z UtZ, ASZP, , PzAvU MAzVz Gvgz
zzq j DU i UPiAz Pg0iz ag
C0i. Dzg Uqz UtZ zVzg Pzsg0i Az,
ASZP zVzg U iAz Uvz. UPi
Pzsg0iz MAz szAz g.
76

Pq Pgt zt

212

(ii) z PzAvVgzPirzz + CrU

wAzz
+ P
Cgz + U
Qzz + D
Pq0iz + P
Gqz + zg
Azz
+ CrU
Djzz
+ CrU
r0iz + z

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

irzrU
wAzP
CgU
P
PqU
Gqzg
AzrU
DjzrU
rz

(iii) Gvgz Av zzq Prg iPwAzz

+ C
= wAzC
zz + P = z P
C
+ = D
irzz
+ Pg
= irz Pg
z
+ Zg = Zg
qz
+ sj
= qsj
zz
+ s
= zs
PAqz
+ Zg = PAqZg
rzz + z
= rz z
0iz
+
= 0i
v0iz
+ UAzs = v0i UAzs
-Ev.
EzgU Pq iU UU gV CP CAU wj.
FU Uq, qUq PU 0iUVg Rz P
iU n0i Pnz. CU z e irPj.
tg
EAZg
Ev
tz
zU
ij
zj

tv
Ez
Ez
tv
jz
jz
jz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

g
g
iv
Pz
vU
ij
zj

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

tg
EAZg
Ev
tz
zU
ij
zj

(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)

Pq Pgt zt

213

gq
g
g
gq
gg
g
zg
PAzg
ZAzg
ZAzAU
PAzAU
ZAUtV
PAUtV
ZA
PA
Qu
PQ
PAe
PAeq
QAe
PAUt

Pg
A
g
g
ZAzn
Z
ZA
0ii
AUg
Ug

jz
jz
jz
jz
jz
jz
jz
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ
PZ

PZ
Z
Z
0iiz
PZ
PZ
PZ
Z
Z
z

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Cq
D
D
Cq
g
g
zg
vg
vg
vAU
vAU
PtV
PtV

u
CQ
Z
dq
Ae
Pt

g
g
vn

0ii
Pg
Pg

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

gq
g
g
gq
gg
g
zg
PAzg
ZAzg
ZAzAU
PAzAU
ZAUtV
PAUtV
ZA
PA
Qu
PQ
PAe
PAeq
QAe
PAUt

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)

Pg
A
g
g
ZAzn
Z
ZA
0ii
AUg
Ug

(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)

Pq Pgt zt

214

vtg
vtg
AUg
Pm
Pl
Pmg
PlU
Plu
PqUv
Plq
PqgU
Pqv
PqZU
Pgu
PgVq
Pgiq
Pv
m
q
V
vAg
vAU
vAU
vtg
g
z
v

r
Pjg
Pgq
Pgq

vt
vt0i
Z0i
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Prz
Qjz
Qjz
Qjz
Qjz
z
z
z
vt
vt
vt
vt
v
v
v
v
v
Pjz
Pjz
Pjz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Pg
Pg G
PgG
D
G
Dg
GU
Cu
Pv
Cq
gU
v
ZU
u
Vq
iq
J
m
Pq
V
Jg
U
P
g
Jg
Jz
iv

r
Eg
Mq
q

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

vtg
vtg
AUg
Pm
Pl
Pmg
PlU
Plu
PqUv
Plq
PqgU
Pqv
PqZU
Pgu
PgVq
Pgiq
Pv
m
q
V
vAg

vAU
vAU
vtg
g
z
v

r
Pjg
Pgq
Pgq

(P.zs..)
()
()
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)

Pq Pgt zt

215

Pgq
Pg
Pg
J
JUg
JU
g
g
gr
gg
Ur
zlA
PUlA
gPA
0iAr
gAUAPA
PqAUAqA
AU
dAU
ZPAU

Jgv
Jgg
E
EArg
EPl
Evr
Evg
EvAq
EP

Pjz
P
P
Jz
Jz
Jz
j
j
gA
jA
jA
0iA
P0iA
g0iA
0iA
gAUA
PqA
A
dA
ZPA

A
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq
Jgq

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Cq
g
Jg

Pg
U

Pr
g
Pr
vlA
PlA
PA
r
PA
PAqA
P
P
P

P
iv
vg

Arg
Pl
vr
vg
vAq
P

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Pgq
Pg
Pg
J
JUg
JU

Ur
gg
Ur
zlA
PUlA
gPA
0iAr
gAUAPA
PqAUAqA
AU
dAU
ZPAU

Jgv
Jgg
E
EArg
EPl
Evr
Evg
EvAq
EP

()
()
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(P.zs..)
(.v..)
(.v..)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)
(Q0iii)

(Q0iii)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)

Pq Pgt zt

216

Er

r
r
r
Mr
Mr
KAzA
KzA
KA
KU0iA
Qvr
Pvr
Qw
Pv
Qv
AzU
Az
QUtV
Azg
Pj

CV
AU
CgU
U
t
PqZV
PqgV
m
P
Pq

Jgq
g
g
g

MAz
MAz
KvP
KvP
KA
KA
Qjz
Qjz
Qjz
Qjz
Qjz
Z
Z
PZ
Z
Pg

CV
A
CgA
P
u
Prz
Prz
g
g
g

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

r
r
r
r
r
AzA
zA
A
UzA
Cr
Cr
F
J
J
vU
v
PtV
vg
Ezz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Ezz
Ezz
P
P
Ezz
Ezz
eU
gU
m
P
Pq

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Er
(Ui)

(Ui)
r
(Ui)
r
(Ui)
r
(Ui)
Mr
(Ui)
Mr
(Ui)
KAzA
(Q0iii)
KzA
(Q0iii)
KA
(Q0iii)
KUzA
(Q0iii)
Qvr
(i)
Pvr
(i)
Qw
(P.zs..)
Pv
(P.zs..)
Qv
(P.zs..)
AzU
(P.zs..)
Az
(P.zs..)
QUtV
(P.zs..)
Azg
(P.zs..)
Pj
(i)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

CV
AU
CgU
U
t
PqZV
PqgV
m
P
Pq

(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)

Pq Pgt zt

217

j
iv
Zl
Uu
UzA
0ir
LUAqU
g
Dgr
lq
ng
qU
q
q
Pr
vU
Az
Az
Qm

GAUga
vg
QUq
Cj
gU
g
Zzg
Ju
P
LUz

g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Lz

Dg
Cq0i
Eg
U
0i

V
v0i
v0i
m0i

GAUgP
vjU
Q0i
D0i
gz
gz

JAl
g
Lz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

j
iv
Zl
Uu
UzA
Cr
PAqU
g
r
q
q
q
q
q
Pr
v
Az
Az
PU

a
g
Uq
j
P

Zzg
z
P
Uz

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

j
iv
Zl
Uu
UzA
0ir
LUAqU
g
Dgr
lq
ng
qU
q
q
Pr
vU
Az
Az
Qm

GAUga
vg
QUq
Cj
gU
g
Zzg
Ju
P
LUz

(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)
(CAi)

(vvgi)
(vvgi)
(vvgi)
(vvgi)
(vvgi)
(vvgi)
(vvgi)
(Ui)
(Ui)
(Ui)

Pq Pgt zt

218

U
UA
PAt

-
-
- PA

PnU

- P

+ U
+ U G
+ Gtz
Dz
+ Pl

III -

= U
= UA
= PAt

(Ui)
(i)
(i)

= PnU

(i)

gA

i
Jgq Cx CP zU j MAz zUP.
1
2

Gvgzx zszz vvgi.

t s AAzs-v iPgtUz
Pzsg0ii.
ASzV Gz Ui.

219

4
5
6
7

Pq Pgt zt

CAAsAAzsz CAi.
zx zszz zAz.
Czx zszz i.
z- Cx PzAvU MAzVz Gvgz
zzq Pr DU i UP.
z w0iiAvVz Gvgz Q0i0iq Pr DU
i Q0iii.
Cji:- Pq zUq Av zU j i
iqgz. irzg Cjiz.
(i) P 0iUU z.
(ii) gz0i zzU ztgz.
(iii) Q0ii-UPiU z.

*****

Cs U
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

iAzg? vzgt P jj.

iU Jzs?
CjiAzg?
J Cji z JtPqz?
F PU P i zU Pnz. CU r gz
iz g wj:Cg, gU, Er, EP, Pt, Pt, qU,
qU, g, zj, q, gPg, Vqg, Az,
PqUt, D , vgUA, jUq,-Ev.

220

Pq Pgt zt

(6) PU P iU UP ir gz. CU Pr
gz iz g wj.
E+zQ, E+zP, zg+Ag, wAzz+C, Jgq+P
g+j, gz+, PZ+dq, Jgq+Pq, tv+g,
vt+g
Prz+Cu, Ez+g, Cgz+U,
Z0i+Pg+G -Ev.
(7) PV PU ng U j0iiz z Q P
tirj:(C) Pq v Av zU j i irzg ____ Jg.
(D) vgzU CAAs AAzsAz Przg_______
iz.
(E) Pzsg0iiz vgzU__AAzsAz Prgv.
(F) iz _________ zz Cx zsVgvz.
(G) Q0iiiz Gvgz __________ Az Prgvz.
(H) Uiz z _________ ZPVgvz.
(I) z , PzAvU MAzVz Gvg
zzq j DU i ________ Jg.
(I) UPi ___________ z MAz szVz.
(8) F PU Dgt a0i Png MAz j0iiz Gvg Dj
ng U j gj:(C) iz Gvgzz D0ig PvUU PV UzU
___________ gv. (DUV, DzV, V)
*****
IV - gQ (B GQ = gQ)
gQ0iAzg MAz Jgq GZjzAz Cx. PV
PU rj.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

PPg U wgV P rzg.

U, UU .
P NrNr ztzg.
CPlPm! PP!
FVU C ZV Nzv.
zqzq P Azg.

221

Pq Pgt zt

PU PU Ug Jg U rj. E ,
U U, Nr Nr, CPm CPm, FU FU, zq zq-Ev
U Jgqgq 0iVVz.
U

wgV JA w0iAz 0i wgV JAx,

UU JA Cg(vg) PUz.
NrNr ztzg
JA DP(Z NrzA DP) PUz.
U MAz MAz x PrzPU
Jgqgq 0iVz GAl.
(85) gQ:- MAz x PrzPV MAz
z, MAz P Jgqgq 0iU iqzP
gQ0ig.
gQ iV Gv, Z (DP) JAxz, w0iAz
() JAxz, P, As, Dg, DP, , MU (w),
Cg (vg), CP, Dzg, CP U MAz Ugw UU CP CxU gvz JAz F PV GzguUAz
w0iz.

GzguU:(1) Gvz(i) z z! Uz.

(ii) ! gv.
(iii) EU! Az, Az.
(2) Z (DP) JAxz(i) zq zq P nz.
(ii) Z Z d gP.
(3) w0iAz JAx () z(i) U wgVz.

222

(ii)
(iii)

PjPjU Cz.
Hgg wgV v.

(4) Pz(i) J! R, ! Az.

(ii) J! Pz q?
(iii) P P q?
(5) Asz(i) CU CU! J ZVz!
(ii) ! PvP.
(iii) wg , wg .
(iv) Prj! Prj!
(6) Dgz(i) C! (C+C) JAx g lz!
(ii) C? Fv Dl DgPg.
(7) DPxz(i) q q CU Pqq.
(ii) q q zqg jw CUP?
(iii) J! Ax U r0iz?

(8) z(i) C (C+C) zsg.

(ii) Ci, Ci, Fav gz.
(iii) ! q gv.
(9) MU (w) 0i Cxz(i) z z 0iUU As zgQz.
(ii) DU DU gz AvPg.
(iii) Eg Eg Gvz Eg.
(10) Cg (vg) z Cxz(i) Nq Nq, UU Nq.

Pq Pgt zt

223

(ii)
(iii)

Pq Pgt zt

q q vv.
UU .

(11) CPz Cxz(i) Vq zz aPaP JU, D zq

zq JU qvz.
(ii) aPaP P z Hl iq. D zq
zq P Hl iq.
(iii) zq zq ZgU zqzqjAz PP.
(12) Dzgz Cxz(i) Cu , z Hl iq.
(ii) Ev , Ev , PvP.
(iii) s Az, s Az, PU g Pq, g Pq.
(13) CP U MAz UgwP0i(i) F tz az MAzAz P vUz MU AZ.
(ii) F tU aPaP Dj g Eq.
(iii) zq zq PU Jw v.

gQ0i g P gUz+z=lz-vz
PqU+PqU=PlPqU-PqPqU
q+q=lq=qq
0i+0i=l0i
v+v=vvv-vlv
PU+PU=PPU
+=
z+z JA z0i z z l Cx
v JAz, PqU+PqU JA z0i PqU z Pl JAz

Pq Pgt zt

224

Pq

JAz G0iz. Ezg U Gz PqU gQ0iizU DU

gU r wj.

z gQ0i U0i EAz jw0i U

s0i 0iVzAl. C gQU U PAqg gQU.
C MAz jw0i eq rUlUAz P. CU z0i
zP CxAl. Jgq0i zP P Pq CxAl. Dzg P Pq
Cxg.
GzguU PV PU zCPgzgAx
zU rj.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

PPg 0iv-P-Pg JA Pg zP Cx.

zgVg Pl Ez0i? - E Vg JA zP Cx.
mgU PAq-E g JA zP Cx.
PVP E0i? - E VP JA zP Cx.
z 0iv-E z JA zP Cx.
Pj e irz-E j JA zP CxAl.
irz-E JA zP Cx.
rUz? - E r JA zP Cx.

F z zU ivU, UAxU PjAz 0iV

qv. E MAz jw0i Jgq U 0iUU. gg jw0i
Jgq zU. Jgq0i P Zxzg z0i z
CxP 0i Pq G0iV zUV.
*****

Czs0i 7

PzAv, vvAv Pgt

I

- PzAvPgt (PPgt)
Pw
dPw

vPw

Pq Pgt zt

225

PzAv(P)Pw

vvAvPw

iU

Az zPgtz PwU PgUAz wz.

(1) dPwU
(2) PzAvU
(3) vvAvU
(4) iU - JAz D zsz PwU.
dPwUAzg? C sQv0i j, zUU
P, CU AU, ZU UU, iAzg? CU PgU
UU A PgtU wj. FU PzAv, vvAvUAzgA
UU wj.
z PzAvPgtz PzAvU UU,
Pgtz vvAvU UU gU rj.
zsv - Q0iiz (1) iq

- irz

CAvg

vvAv

PzAv
- PzAv z
Pw

- irz

(2) U - U

- U

(3) w

- wv

- w

(4) g

- g0i

- g0i

- irz, irz,
irzAz -Ev
- U, U,
UAz -Ev
- w, w,
wU, w -Ev
- g0i, g0i
-Ev

GzguU-iq, U, w, g-F
zsvU-irz, U, wv, g0i F jw0i
Q0iizUV.
E Q0iizUU jw0i A Q0iiz
Pgtz wj.
CU Ag irz, U, w,
g0i- E PV - iq+z+C=irz, U++C=U,
w++C=w, g+G+C=g0i - UV. E J PqU
P0i C JA v0i zsz z, , G Ev v0iU
A. zsvU U - irz, U, w, g0i - Ev
g qz zsvAz nz PwUz.
Cx
PzAv PwUz. E EU -G, C, EAz, U, EU,
P, CP, zAz, C, C - Ev zsz sQv0iU

226

Pq Pgt zt

j PzAvzUv. EAx v U Jv.

GzguU P0i Ag C JAz Pvv0i. EAx
Pvv0i CAvz Gz PzAv. zsz Ag z, ,
GU P a v0iU. EP PZP v0iUg.
Uzg PzAvAzg? JA UU v PVAv z.
(86) PzAv:- zsvUU Pvv0iU j PzAvU.
EP PUAz g.
PzAvU - PzAv (P), PzAv s, PzAv0i
UAz g zs.
GzguU:PzAv PzAvs PzAv0i
irz
il
ir
w
wP
wAz
q0i
qv
q0iv
Uz
UP
U

(1) PzAv U
(87) PzAvU:- zsvUU Pv zz CxU
DU zsvU
iV C JA Pvv0i gz.
Pvv0iP zsz vi, svPU G JA
PZP v0iU, svPz z JA PZP v0i,
zsxz Cz JAz DUUUv. E PzAvU
g.
E PwUzjAz EU sQv0iU j
zUU.
GzguU:(i) vi
iq +
w +
g
+

PzAvP
+ C = iq

+ C = w
G + C = g0i

Pq Pgt zt

227

EzgAv-U, g, w, q, Nq, q0i, Pt,

Pq77.
(ii) sv PzAvPiq
+ z + C = irz
w
+ z + C = wAz
U
+ z + C = z
EzgAv gz, rz, qz, PAq, Pgz-Ev.
(iii) zs PzAvPiq + Cz + C = iqz
w
+ Cz + C = wz
EzgAv Uz, gz, qz, r0iz, g0iz-Ev.
z vi, sv, sv, zsx PzAvU FU
sQv0i v zz. EU sQv0iU
gU AU, AU, APAUU DU Pgt U F
PU rj.

(i) AUzPzAv
iq - iq
iq
iq
irz
irz
irz
iqz
iqz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

C
Cg
C
C
Cg
Cg
C
C

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

G
G
C
G
G
EAz
G
C

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

zU
iq
iqg
iq
irz (K..)
irzg (..)
irzjAz (..)
iqz (K..)
iqz (K..)

vi v sv PzAvU MAz gVgv. Egq PzAvU

PZP v0i MAz vgVgvz. Pg vi PzAvU Eg
JAz zAl.

77

Pq Pgt zt

228

iqz + Cg + C = iqzg (..)

(ii) AUzPzAv
gz - gz
gz
gz
gz
gz
gz
gz
wz
wz
wz

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

C
C
Cg
C
Cg
C
C
C
Cg
C

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

G
C
EAz
EU
EU
C
K
G
C
EAz

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

zU
gz (K..)
gz (K..)
gzjAz (..)
gzU (K..)
gzjU (..)
gz (K..)
gz (K..)
wz
wzg
wzAz

(iii) APAUzPzAv
U - U
U
U
U

+
+
+
+

Gz
Gz
G
Gz

+
+
+
+

PzAv
U - U + Gz +
U + Gz +
U + G +
(C)
z + Gz +
z + G +

G
C
C
Cg

=
=
=
+

CP =
Cg +
U +
C =
U +

zU
Uz
Uz
U
EAz = UzjAz
zU
UzP
C = Uzg
C = UU
UU
zz
EAz = zUAz
-Ev

229

Pq Pgt zt

z GzguU rzg PzAvU

sQv0iU gU PzAvP, sQv0iP zsz
AU KPZz C JAz, Zz Cg JA
U DUUV gv.
AUz KPZz C Zz Cg JA
gv.
APAUz KPZz Gz (Cz) v Zz G
(C) JA U gv78.
(1) EzgU wz PzAvU zU v.
(i) visv PzAvU zU zPiq P
q z
q Pg
w zx - Ev.

(ii) svPzAvU zU zPirz P

rz z
rz Pg
wAz zx - Ev.
(iii) zsPzAvU zU zPiqz P
qz z
qz Pg
APAUz-UzjAz-EvUU w0iiV UAvzjAz,
q0iAxzjAz, wUAz JAzP wAvUAz, wAxUAzEv0iiV Uqz G0iVzAl. q0iz, q0iz-U
Jgq gU 0iU gr0iAl. KPZz C JAz,
Zz Cg JA U DUUV gv.
78

Pq Pgt zt

230

wz zx - Ev.

(2) PzAvsU (sPzAv)

(i) Dv Nl ZVv
(ii) Czg E
(iii) UrU0i il U
(iv) Ezg Pgv Vz
PU PU Ug Jg Nl, il, , Pgv-F
U Uj.
Nq jw0i Nl - Nq + l.
irg jw0i il - iq + l.
0i jw0i - + C.
PggP0i Pgv - Pg +v.
E Q0i0i s wvz.
DzzjAz
sU Cx sPzAvU Jvg.
(88) PzAvsU-zsvU
v0iU j PzAvsU.

sxz

PzAv
Pv

GzguU:
zsv + sxz = PzAv
- EzgAv Eg
Pvv0i
s
Evg gU
iq + z79
= iqz - qz, wz
iV J zsvU sxz z, P - JA v0iU
gv. P v0iP w0iiV Pg EP gvzAz qP
(q++EP=qP) Ev gU DUvvg.. Dzg Egq
v0iU gg0i DV.
79

Pq Pgt zt

231

+ EP

= wP

CAd + EP

= CAfP

Gq

+ EU

= GrU

Gq

+ U

= GqU

+ C

= g

Pg

+ v

= Pgv

Nq

+ l

= Nl

= q

= P

+ C

- qP, g0iP,
Pg0iP
- AP, UP,
vUP, DP,
aP, P, PP
- vrU, CrU,
wU, U, KU
- vqU, AU,
U, K
- , g,
M, P, vg
- , ,
zt, Cj
- v, Pmv, Ejv,
wv, Ptv, MUv
- il, Pl, l,
Dl, Pl
- r, ,
r, Pq,
V
- , w, w,
, ,
-

= U

U
g

g
C

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

J
CP
P
tU
Cv

CP

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

U
gP
P
gtU
Cv

gP

MtU, eg,
P, MP
g
P
wP, qP
tU, gtU
qv
v,
gP

Pq Pgt zt

232

qU
M

+
+

GP
Ev

= qP
= Mv

gP
vv

(1) P zsvU C vAz sPzAv (s)

UU.
zsv
sPzAv
z
Qq
Pq
Pq, PrAz.
q
q
q, rAz, rU.
q
q
q, rAz, rU.
(2) P zsvU Ez gz0i sPzAv (PzAv
s) UU.
zsv
sPzAv
z
q
q
q0i, qAz
r
r
r0i, r0i, rAz,
rU-Ev
Nz
Nz
Nz, Nz, NAz, NEv
Pl
Pl
Pl, Pl, PnAz, PnU,
Pn
CAl
CAl
CAl, CAn zAz, CAn
r
r
r0i, rAz
Gj
Gj
Gj0i, GjAz
g
g
g, jAz, j
GU
l
aUg

Uz
zP

GU
l
aUg

Uz
zP

GU, GU, GU
l, n, n
aUg, aUj
0i, 0i
0i, 0i
Uz, U
zP, zQ

233

Pq Pgt zt

(3) Uqz P PzAv sU Uqz

gAvg Azv.
K-KU, -U, Pu-PtP, M-M, u-tP Ev.

(3) PzAv0iU (C0iPzAv)

zsvAz n C0iz Ut qzAx gU
PzAv0iU Cx C0iPzAvU. F PV P Gzgu
rj.
(1) g Gtz Vz.
(2) g Pg vAv.
(3) C gv wAz.
(4) Cz gz Pz.
(5) CU UP vqv.
PU zPg Uz Gtz, g, gv, gz,
UP-AvzU Gt+Cz, g+C, g+Gv, g+z,
U+CP-U zsvU -Cz, C, Gv, z, CP-Ev
v0iU Az Dz gU. E AU, AU, APAU
U, KPZ ZU MAz gVgv. Cz EU
E sQv0iU g.
DzjAz-EAx U
C0iz80 Ut qz. DzjAz EU C0iPzAvU Cx
PzAv0iU Jg. PV v Uj.
(89) zsvU Gv, Gv, Cz, zg, C, CP, C, E, zEv v0iU j PzAv0iU.
E tQ0iix Pqz, EAz Q0i0iQzjAz
E CtQ0i Cx Q0iUAz Pg0ig.
(1) g Gtv ivrz.
C0i JAzg AU, Z, sQUAz vUz g. EU 0i
Az w0iwj.
80

234

Pq Pgt zt

JA F Pz gA Pv Gt v ivq
Q0iUgq irzzjAz EAx KPPvP Q0iU.
(2) g Pg vAv.
JA F Pz g JA Q0iU 0i, vA Q0iU Pg0i
PvUzjAz Egq Q0iU g g PvU EzUv.
EAx PvU Jvg.
GzguU:
v0iU - zsv + v0i = C0iPzAv
- iq + Gv
= iqv, EzgAv qv, igv,
Gv
Gv81

- w

+ Gv

Cz
C

- iq + Cz
- g + C

=
=

CP

- w

C
E
z

- + C
- iq + E
- w + z

+ CP

=
=
=

gv
wv, EzgAv qv, q0iv,
gv
iqz, EzgAv qz, wz, g0iz
g, EzgAv w, Gt, q,
r0i, g0i
wP, EzgAv iqP, w0iP,
gP, q0iP
82, EzgAv iq, q, r0i
ir, EzgAv , P, r
wAz, EzgAv rz, qz, Pgz,
gz

FU KPPvP PzAv0iU v PvP PzAv0iU

0ii 0ii v0iU gvAzg 0i rj.
(1) KPPvP PzAv0iU.
(i) MAz PvAz Jgq Q0iU qzU z
Q0i0i svP vjzg z Cx E v0iU gv.
83(C) Cz wAz z (w+z=wAz)
Gv v0i Uqz Pg Gv JAz Uv, gv,
wv Ev0iiV PzAv0iU zAl.
82 Az, Az, iq Az, r0i Az, r0i AvEvU F U Az PU.
81

235

Pq Pgt zt

(D) D P ir Az (iq+E=ir)
-E wAz, ir JAgq z Q0iU Vz z (sv)
P vjvzjAz, z, E v0iU A.
83

(ii) MAz PvAz KPPz Jgq Q0iUAmzU

z0i Q0i0i Gv (Gv) v0i, zs vjzg
Cz v0i g.
(C) C Gtv ivrz (KPPz qz Q0iU)
(D) C Gtz z (zs)
-E z Pz ivq Q0i, Gt Q0iU
MAz KPPz DV. DzjAz Gv JAz, Jgq0i Pz
zs Q0i, U Q0iUgq M PvAz q. DzjAz Cz
JAz z Q0i0i Az.
(iii) MAz PvAz KPPz Jgq Q0iUAmzU
0id vjzg C CP v0iU z0i Q0i0i
gv.
(C) C w z (0id)
(D) C wP z ( " )
- Jgq PU U Q0i0i w 0idPV.
DzjAz z Q0i0i C, CP v0iU A.
(2) PvP PzAv0iU
(i) g g PvUAz Jgq Q0iUAmzU Pgt vgU
C v z v0iU z Q0i0i gv.
GzguU:
(C) 0i gv R Az.
(D) z gvU R Av.

83

ir, wAz, r, r, GAq, Pl E svU.

236

Pq Pgt zt

(ii) g g PvUAz Jgq Q0iU KP Pz vjzg

Gv, z, Cz v0iU AzU CU Az Eg EgV
JA g.
GzguU:
(C) C gwg Jg Nrzg.
(D) C gwgV Jg Nrzg.
(E) C gg U z.
(F) C ggV U z.
(G) C Ag P ggz.
(H) C AgV P ggz.
(iii) Jgq Q0iU g g PvUAz qzU Px vjzg
zg JAz, sx vjzg C JAz g.
GzguU:
(1) PxP
(C) Azg, Pg vAz.
(D) Azg gv.
(2) sxP
(C) C U z. (U+C=U)
(D) CU C iq P. (iq+C=iq)
PU iq U E sxP Q0iUAz
w0iP.

II

- gA

Pq Pgt zt

237

PzAv (Pv+CAv)
(zsv+Pvv0i=PzAv)
(1) PzAv
zsv+C JA Pv
v0i
(-G-z-Cz
DU)
iq, irz,
iqz

(2) PzAv
s
(sPzAv)
zsv+sxz
Pv v0i
iqP, il,
Pgv Ev

(3) PzAv0i
(C0iPzAv)
zsv+C, CP,
Gv, zg
-Ev v0i
iq, iqP,
irzg, iqvEv.

*****

Cs U
(1)

(C) PzAvzUAzg? GzguUq jj.

238

Pq Pgt zt

(D) vi, sv, sv PzAvU g DUU?

EUU KAz g?
(E) PzAvsUAzg? Gzgu0iAU jj.
(F) PzAv0iUAzg? Gzgu0iAU jj.
(2) F PU Dgt a0iV j0iiz Gvgz zAz Dj
ng z Qj.
(C) zsvUU _________ j PzAvU.
(sQv0i, DSvv0i, Pvv0i)
(D) zsvUU Pvv0iU gU
zsxz_________v0i DUVgz.
(z, , Cz, G)
(E) PzAvPwU sQU gU AUz
______ JAz PzAvP sQ v0iP zsz
gz. (Cz, C, C)
(F) zsvUU _________ z Pvv0i j PzAvs
UU. (zsxz, zsxz, sxz)
(G) il JA sxz zsv ______ v0i
Az.
(q, q, l)
(H) Pgv JAz ____(PzAv0i, PzAv, PzAvs)
(3) PUt PU vU. C jrj.
(C) zsv Pvxz C JA Pvv0i AzU
svPz z JA v0i, svPz Cz JA
v0i zsvU DSvv0iP zsz g.
(D) PzAvsQv0iU gU AUz C
JAz, APAUz C JAz PzAv v
sQv0iUU zsz g.
(E) zsvUU zsxz Pvv0iU j
PzAvsU.
(F) zsvU C, CP v0iU Az
PzAvsU.
(G) iqP, il - F gU PzAv0iU.
(H) Ptv JA Ptv JA zsv C JA
Pvv0i Az.
(I) Ug Pv-F P KPPvPQ0i

239

Pq Pgt zt

Az Prz.
(I) wv Az F P PvP Pz.
(J) zsvUU DSvv0iU j PzAvU.
(K) zsvUU Pv v0iU j Q0iizU.

*****

III
vv

- vvAvU (vv+CAv)

JA j v0i CAvz Gz vvAvz.

F PV PU rj.

240

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Pq Pgt zt

iq Ez.
C Pq g djzg.
Dr Az.
r0i iq E A.

PU PU Ug Jg Jgqgq zU
j Cz CxgAv MAz zV iz U iqz. U
APU zU P, , zs zzU
Gv0iUz. Uzg D zU 0ii PAz Prv?
EvU UU PU rj.
(1) iq-JA JA zz Az
iq JAxz Ug v0i j +Ug iqv.
MAz Pw0i Jgq v0i g. C JA v0i vUz+Ug=Ug U MAz g zv. E Ug
JAz vvv0i.
(2) Pq -JA Pq JAzg
JAxz EU v0i jzU Pq+EU=Pq+EU=PrU JA
g zv. E EU JAz vv v0i.
(3) Dr-JA JA zz Dr
JAxz DrU JA vv v0i Az +DrU=+DrU=
rU JA g zv.
(4) r0i iq-JA iq JAxz
() JA v0i Az r0i+=r+=r JA
gv.
-iqAxz-Ug.
Pq- JAxz-EU.
-Dr JAxz-DrU.
r0i-iq JAxz-.
U g CxU-Ug, EU, DrU, -JA v0iU
zU Az U0i PwUU. E Ag EAx
v0iU vv v0iUg. EAx vv v0iU CAvz G
g vvAv z. Ezg v PVAv z.

Pq Pgt zt

241

(90) vvAv-zU g CxU Ug, Pg,

EU, DrU, Av, , EP, D-Ev vv v0iU j
vvAvU.
F vv v0iU gU 0iB zsz sQ v0i
Uz. EU- (1) vvAv (2) vvAv s
(3) vvAv0iUAz g U.

(1) vvAv U
zU Ug, Pg, EU, Av Ev v0iU Az
vvAv UU U0i Uj.
GzguU:
vv - z
v0i
Ug
- i0i
0i

b
Pg
- N0i
P
Pz
EU
- Pq
P
Z
UAz
Ut
Av
- t
j0i

+ Cx

= vv
v0i
+ Pl
= Ug
+ ig = Ug
+ iq = Ug
+ Az = Ug
+ Az = Ug
+ vg
= Pg
+ r0i = Pg
+ rg = Pg
+
= EU
+
= EU
+ G
= EU
+ ig = EU
+ Dr = EU
+ G
= Av
+ G
= Av

- r0i + iq
q + DZj

- vvAv

- iUg
- Ug
- Ug
- Ug
- bUg
- NPg
- PPg
- PzPg
- PrU
- QU
- ZU
- UAU
- UtU
- tAv
- jAv

=
- r
= () - r
=
- q

Pq Pgt zt

242

DrU
EP

- Pj0iz
(t)
0iz
(t)
- iv
Nz

D
- dz
U
- AZ
C0i - v
MAz
Dg
- PA
P

+ Dr
+ Pl
+ G

= DrU
= DrU
= EP

- rU
- rU
- PjP

+ G

= EP

- P

+ Z Dq
s
+ Z
DZj
+ Dq
+ vUzP
+ AS0iz
+ AS0iz
+ iq
+ DZj

= D

- iv

= D

- Nz

=
=
=
=
=
=

D
U
C0i
C0i
Dg
Dg

dz
AZU
v0i
MAz0i
PAg84
Pig84

Ezg U0i Gz PqU g g v0iU Az vvAvUUv

Az w0iP.

AUz g vv v0iU
(91) AUz Ew, Ew, Vw, w, E, J Ev vv v0iU
Az AUz vvAvU .
GzguU: Ew - Vw, tw
Ew - MPVw, qVw
Vw - AzVw, CUVw
w - Uw, qw, iUj
E - Cg, CtV
J - P, eu, UtAv, EvPAsPg, PPg-JA Av zU vzV, PAg, Pig zU
z JAz Pg v. Dzg Uqz Dg v0i Az PAg, Pg
JAzz F U Uqz PAg, Pig-JAz DzAz w0iz 0iP.
84

Pq Pgt zt

243

(2) vvAv sU
(C) qv jvU g.
(D) F Hg UrP gtz.
(E) U CzAz j.
F g PU PU Ug Jg qv, jv, UrP,
j-F U 0ia rzg-q s-qv;
jAv s-jv; Uq s-UrP; j0izg sjv JAz CxUz.
E Ag v, EP, -v0iU
sxz q, jAv, Uq, j0izg-Ev zU
A JAz PU Uj.
q-qv (q s-v)
j - jv (j G s-v)
Uq-UrP (Uq s-EP)
jz-j (jzg s-)
iV F v0iU sPAvUz zU
A. DzzjAz F UU v U z.
(92) vvAvsU-iV sPAvUz
zU Az sxz v, EP, , - Ev
vvv0iU j vvAvsU.
GzguU:
v0i - z
v

- zq (s)
et (s)

- sxz - vvAv
v0i
s
- v
- zqv
- v
- etv; EzgAv
zqv, aPv, tv
qUv, Qjv, Pv,
Plv, ijv,
-Ev

244

EP

- t (s)
Z (s)

- EP
- EP

- Qq (s)
P (s)

- G
- G

- zg (s)
Pjzg (s)
Ezg (s)
vt0izg (s)
t0izg (s)
- et (s)
eu0i (s)
Pjvg (s)
jzg (s)
jzg (s)

Pq Pgt zt

- tP
- ZP; EzgAv
UrP, GwP,
vjP, -Ev
- Qq
- P; EzgAv Pgq,
PAl, P, vz,
-Ev.
- 85
- P85
- EA
- vA85
- t85
- eu
- eu
- Pg
- g
- j

(3) vvAv0iU
(C) C gAv Pt
(D) HggU qz
(E) 0ivP P
(G) CUU Az
(H) CVAv aP
PU PU Ug Jg gAv, HggU,
0ivP, CUU, CVAv - Ev zU rzg
g+CAv, Hg+gU, 0i+vP, CU+NU, CU+EAvUU. E Ag CAv, gU, vP, NU, EAv-Ev
v0iU zU Az g. DU zUg C, C, C,
85

Uqz EU gU , P, vt, t-Ev0iiV DU.

245

U, U-F sQv0iU U.
vvAv0iUAz Pg0iz rP.

Pq Pgt zt

EAx

zU

(93) zU Az CAv, , , , , vP,

gU, nU, Ng, EAv, DV, NU-Ev v0iU j
vvAv0iU.
F v0iU AzU zzg sQv0i U.
GzguU:
CAv
-gAv, ZAzAv, Av, CAv

-g, ZAz, , C

-g, ZAz, ,
-0i, C, ZAz
-0i, C, ZAz
vP
-0ivP, HgvP, C0ivP
gU
-HggU, ZAzgU
nU -CnU, nU, nU
Ng
-CUg, gUg
V - V, V
EAv
-CVAv, EVAv
DV
-CUV, UV, UV
NU -gUU, PUU

IV

- gA

Pq Pgt zt

246

vvAv (vv+CAv) gU
(1)

(2)

(3)

vvAv

vvAvs

vvAv0i

zU
g
CxU
vvv0i

sxz
zU
vvv0i

zU
Az vP,
gU, Ev
v0iU

Ug,
iUg, -Ev

jv, qv, UrP,

-Ev

(4)

HgvP, vP
- Ev

AUz

Ew, Ew, Vw, E, J v0i.

Vw, tw, MPVw, qVw, AzVw, CUVw
Uw, qw, Cg, CtV, P, eu, UtAv, - Ev

*****

Cs U

247

(1)

(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)

Pq Pgt zt

vvAv UAzg? jj.

vvAv sUAzg? jj.
vvAv0iUAzg? jj.
vvAvs, PzAvsUU vU?
jj.
(2) PU ng U j0iiz z j Cx jUAv
irj.
(C) ____ zU Az g CxU Ug, Pg, EU Ev
_________ j vvAvUU.
(D) zU Az v, EP, G-Ev v0iU j ____
J.
(E) zU Az ______ v0iU j
vvAv0iU.
(F) Ew, Vw, JA _______ AUz g v0iU.
(3) F PV PU ng U Dgtz Png MAz
j0ivg Dj Qj.
(C) ___ zU Az g CxU vv v0iU Az
vvAvUU.
(Q0ii, , zsv)
(D) vvv0i jzU z zz sQv0i
____ DUz.
(, DU, Dz)
(E) tw JAz _______ g.
(AU, AU, APAU)
(F) zU Az _______ z v, EP, G Ev
v0iU Az vvAv sU.
(0iix, A0iix, sx)
(G) zU Az vP, gU Ev v0iU Az Dz
gP ____ Jg.
(PzAv0i, vvAvs, vvAv0i)
(H) g JAz ______ Jz.
(PzAvs, vvAvs, vvAv0i)
(I) jv JAz ______ Jz.
(vvAvs, PzAvs, vvAv0i)
(I) zsvUU sxz Pvv0i j PzAvszg
_____ UU sxz vv v0i j vvAv

248

(4) PV
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)

Pq Pgt zt

sUU.
(Q0iiz, z, zsv)
PU vU. CU jrj.
zsvUU vvv0iU j vvAvU.
zUU Pvv0iU j PzAvU.
Q0iizUU sxz vv v0iU j vvAv
sU.
zU g zsvz.
Q0iizU g Pw0iz.
zsvUU DSv v0i j zU.
zU Az CAv, , Ng Ev v0iU j
vvAvsU.

*****

Czs0i 8

C0i Pgt

249

Pq Pgt zt

(1) C ZV Nz.
(2) C ZV Nz.
(3) Cg ZV Nzg.
(4) Cz ZV Nzvz.
PU Ag ZV JA z Zjj. Cz
AU, AU, APAUU, KPZ, ZU 0ii
v Azz MAz jw0iiVz. ZV JAzg 0ii
zsz v0iU ZU. Ez z U Q0iizU
U gz 0ii sz Az; Ez U0i 0iiU
Egvz. U AU, Z, sQUAz 0ii v Azz CP
U s0i v.
, lU, U, v,
vg0i, E-EAx Ez UP jzU. EAxU C0i
JAz Pg0ivg. EAx C0iU UU i v F PVAv
z.
(94) z Q0iizUAv AU, Z, sQUAz
gsz Azz, KPgVg U C0iU.
EAx C0iU-(1) i0i (2) CPgu0i
(3) sZP0i (v0i) (4) Q0iixP0i
(5) AAzsxP0i (6) PzAv0i (7) vvAv0i
(8) CzsguxP0i-Ev0iiV UAU iqz.
EU gU PU rj:(1) i0iU:- 0iizzgAz Q0i qz jw0i
Ax C0iU i0iU. E 0iB Q0iU tUVgv.
GzguU: ZV, lU, vl, , U, , U,
P, PU, U, U, , UV, , PgA, U, U,
CAv, EAv, g, P, vg0i, E, Mq, Pq, U, vEvU.
(2) CPgu0iU:- Cxz zstU v PzAv
B CPgt ir U CPgu0iU.
GzguU: g zz v. ll jv.

250

Pq Pgt zt

E zz ll E CPgu0iU. EzgAv ZlZl, PgPg,

ZgZg, , zsUzsU, vlvl, g0i, 0i, V, sg,
WW, UqUq, zqzq-Ev.
(3) sZP0iU (v0iU):- GAmU
P, , zBR, ZU, DP, wgg-Ev sU
PrU P Cxz U v.
E
sZP0iUg. EP v0iUAz g.
GzguU: J! C0i! CPm! CPlPm! D! s! s! sg!
b! x! C! C! D! N! ! ! CB! J! N! K! DB!
! Ev.
(4) Q0iixP0iU:- Q0iizz z Av Pz Cx
tU P C0iU Q0iixP0iU86.
GzguU: GAl, P, q, C, Cz, z, P, EEvU.
(5) AAzsxP0iU:- Jgq zUU, Cx z
Z0iUU, PUU, erAx v AAzsUAx
U AAzsxP0iU.
GzguU: H, GA, v, Cx, DzjAz, DzzjAz, Cz.
(i) zU erP:(1) g (H), (H), v0i (H) Azg.

(2) gA (GA87), A (GA), v0iA (GA) Azg.

Q0iixP0iU UU A Q0iiz Pgtz zV wj. C

Ag Q0iixP0iU UU D Pgt rj.
87 G JA AAzsxP0i Uqz gvz.
Uqz H JAz
EzP iz Z0ii0i. Uqz F GA JAz M PwU
86

251

Pq Pgt zt

PU g v0ig zszg H JA
AAzsxP0i v GA JA AAzsxP0i er
(AAzsU).
(ii) Jgq zU erP:C gz (H) q; D PUz (H) q.
Gzgu0i gz+H, DUz+H JA H
AgzjAz Jgqgq zU er F H Pg
zZ0i erzAvv.
(iii) C v Eg Vj:
E v JAz C, JAgq zU AAzsU.
(iv) vAzvU iqP v Cg De0i P.
E v JAz Jgq PU AAzsUz. EU U0i
Gz AAzsxP0iU UU PV GzguU rj.
(v) (C) DzjAz-C g DzjAz g.
(D) Dzg-Av Dzg Pg vA.
(E) DzzjAz-C g DzzjAz Pq.
(F) E-v m Av, E Lz m gP.
(G) Uzg- gP? Uzg U .
(H) Cx-MAz m CQ Pq, Cx gLv
gPq.
(I) DU- EU , DU J j Uvz.
PU PU Ug Jz C0iU Jgq PU
AAzsUz AAzsxP0iUAz w0iP.

v0iP zsz gz. Gz: g+GA+CA=gA, A-Ev.

g, JAz EU Cx.

Pq Pgt zt

252

(6) PzAv0i:- (7) vvAv0i:- F Jgq ew0i C0i

szU PzAv vvAv PgtU zV wj.
D
Pgt B r EU 0iV ePj.
(8) CzsguxP0i:- MAz 0iixz g C0i
CzsguxP0i.
U MAz z
Czsgu0iz.
GzguU:
(i) Cz P.
F
Pz
(Cz+K)
zPgz
Ag
K
Pg
CzsguxP0iz. EzgAv(ii) Cz gz.
E (+K) JAz gtU0i irz 0iz
zjAz K JAz CzsguxP0iv.

gA
C0iU
(AU Z sQUAz vUz g)
iV 8 U
CPgu
0i
i
0i

Q0iix
P0i

sZP
0i

PzAv
0i

AAzsx
P0i
*****

Czsgux
P0i
vvAv
0i

253

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
1. (C) C0i JAzg? C0iU sz wj.
(D) PzAv0i, vvAv0iUAzg? jj.
(E) CPgu0iU?
(F) sZP0iU?
2. F PUt PU Ag CPgu0iU Ugwj.
(C) gg jv.
(D) DPz UqUq JAz UqVv.
(E) vlvl gvz.
(F) PgPg Prz
(G) AQ0i G ZlZl r0iz.
3. PUt PU Ag sZP0iU Ugwj.
(C) C0i! APgU Pqv?
(D) D! JAx gz lz?
(E) D z PAqg C! Jvz.
(F) Pt CPm! E iqAz z.
(G) c! C Uq.
4. PU Ag PU i0iU, Q0iixP0iU,
CzsguxP0iU Ugwj.
(C) C D P ZV Nz.
(D) E0i Eg, CU M Uq.
(E) D iwU vl Gvg Pqq.
(F) U ivqz C Pw.
(G) D P Az g z.
5. F PV PU Ag AAzsxP0iU Ugwj.
(C) C g; .
(D) Cjg, MnU g.
(E) APg v C vAV Eg Azg.
(F) gP DU J jUz.
(G) CU Cz PV, DzjAz Pq.
6. PV PU Ag PzAv0i, vvAv0iU Ugwj.
(D) CAv tgg?
(D) C U 0iw.

254

Pq Pgt zt

(E) zg iv zs.
(F) D PgiqP EAv g x.
(G) HgvP Az Pzg P.
7. PV PU ng U Az Dgtz Png MAz
j Gvg gj.
(D) ______ U vAzg Pqz j0i.
(, lU, PU)
(D) F zg eU G0iV ___ PUzg Pq.
(v, Dzg, Cx)
(E) 0i Av ______ Pg vA.
(DzjAz, DzzjAz, Dzg)
(F) UrU AQv _______ CVPzzg Djzg.
(U, lU, Pq)
(G) zyU ________ Gzs0ig j F Pnzg.
(v, Cx, DzjAz)

*****

255

Pq Pgt zt

Czs0i 9

PU
C0iU EvgjU ivU P w0ir
v. Cx gtUAz w0irv.
(1) U Nrv.
(2) zg P Pq.
(3) Az Pg Pl.
U g PU MAz Aux PqvPU. F
PU MAzAz z Ezg Cx tUz B
iqPUvz.
(1) Nrv:- U MAz Q0iiz zU Nrzz 0iiz? JA
Az gvz. ux F MAz zAz DUz. DzjAz
Cz PU.
(2) zg P:- U Pv P Jgq zU, zg
P K irz? JA Kz. DU Q0iiz P
PUz.
(3) Az Pl:- JAzU Plg? JA Pzz
UU Jz Kvz. Uzg PAzg, Pv, P, Q0iizUAz
Prz z AzUv. Dzg P PU Pzz
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z z g PU E P z j P
iqVz. z U Nrv E v. FU aP U qv Pt0iv Nrv.
E- (i) U-aPU
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256

Uzg U JA PvzP aPU JAz, Nrv JAzP

qv, Pt0iv, JA tU.
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gg
I

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erz

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gvz. tU D0ii0i zU Az Egv. Ez i 0i.
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gz gZAz zz gt wPz
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gt - P
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z Pvz; Czg Az D PvzP tz gz
JA t, CAvg Pz, Czg Az Czg tz zz
JA t88. CAvg Q0iiz; Czg Az 0ii zsAz PAz
D zs Q0iitV Q0iizz Az Az.
F C0iiP vV U0i DUzzz

gt,
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wPz

tUAz

gz,

E z Pz v Czg t, CAvg Q0iU zsz

tUAz JAz; CAvg gz g JA Pvz v
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zU F jw0i V gvz.
KPAzg Cg (z
g0ig) , bAz, Ut-EvU zPU Pv,
88

P Azsz, F tU z Az0i gzAl.

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Pq Pgt zt

P, Q0iizU PV gg.
D zP Cx
U C0iPz0i PUz. CAzg z Pvz
D zz qQ, CAvg Pz qQ, PU Q0iizz Cx
P. U zP Cx z C0iiPz Cx gu
iqz JAz g. GzguUirPAq

g gPq vn0i zg

E Q0iiz irPAq JAz.

Ez z Az.
irPAq JAzP 0iig JAz irzg zg JA
Pvz gz. K irPAq JAz zU vn0i89
JA Pz gz. Uzg Pzzg

vn0i irPAq U Pv P Q0iiz

U PV gAv Cx z C0iiPz. EUU
tUzg E0i qP. PvUU PPU E
tU E. irPAq JA Q0iizP ggPq
JA zZ0i tVz. U C0iVg PU
C0iiPz Cx Pzz RV UPUz.
II

- Dzsg

P CxvVgPzg Pv P Q0iizUgPAz P Pq
PzgAz F Az wj. Dzg P Pq Q0iiz
v PvzUz0i PUgzAl.
GzguU:
(i) X90 FU Az (E Pvz)
JA Az JA MAz Q0iiz iv Ez. 0iig? JAz
zU Az JAz AUVgzjAz C - Dv JA
0iizzg MAz z Dzsg iqPUz.

JA 0iU vn0i JA zP w0iiV qUqz

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90 Eg zz z X Ugv iqVz.
C Pzg Evg zU
Dzsgz EgPz z H P.
89

vn0i

258

Pq Pgt zt

(ii) qU Av X
E Q0iiz E. qU, Av, F Jgq zU Dzsgz
AU Q0iizgPAz H DVz, DUv,
Dz-JA KPZAvz Q0iiz D0ii AzsP CUtV
Dzsg iqP.
(iii) C X wAz
E Pvzz, Q0iizz. wAz JA Q0iiz PPzjAz
Pz PP. DU F P Az Azs wz C,
wAr0i, t ...... Ev0iiz MAz z H
PUz. Dzg PzU Dzsg wg Pr. Pvz
Q0iizU Dzsgz Azs V gvz.
(96) Pz lVg zU Pxz wUV Eg
zU DzsgAz HPAq jz Dzsg z.
GzguU:
(i) PvzU DzsgP Gzgu(1) X FU z
(C)
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()
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(C)
(4) X MAz wAU Avg Ut ()
(ii) PzU DzsgP GzguFUv X C wAz
(E t, wAr0i-Ev AzsP CUtV
Dzsg z HP)
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(Ez)
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(Ez)
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(DVz)
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(DVz)
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(P)
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(Egg)
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(DVz)
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Pq Pgt zt

259

(9) g Az, Pq X (Az)

U PU l Vg zU Cg Evg zU
0iAz H z DzsgAz Uv.
III

- PU PgU

i P, A0ifv P, PU
EzgU PAzg? Pz C0iiP, DzsgUAzg?
JA UU V P 0i wgj. FU PU g
jw0i zsz szU iv wzg P.

(1) i P
F PV PU rj.
(C) Sz j0iiz vggVv.
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(E) g0ig zgU PrP UP Cf
Qzg.
(F) g0ig g v PlqU Zgu0i sUP U
irzg.
F
PUV.

PU

MAzAz

tQ0iizzq

vAv

(97) MAz tQ0iizzq vAvVg PU i

PU.
i Pz Q0iiz MAz iv EgP. P
Q0iigU zsz gz. F PU P Q0iigUAz
Pr, MAz Q0iizAz tUAq i P rj.
Sz

j0iiAz Pr, g0ig DgUz

zju ir, Cg CAz UUAv irv.
E irv JA MAz Q0iizz Pr, ir JA P
Q0iU zsz A.

260

Pq Pgt zt

(2) A0ifv P
Sz

j0iiz vggv; DzjAz g0ig

C j0iiAz Pv; F PgtAz Cg CAz U
irPAqg.
F P z g g g PU. Dzg D
PU MAzPAz A0idUAq MAz uxz PVz.
U(98) vAv PUV CP GPUq MAz
u0iz PVzg, Cz A0ifv PPz.
GzguU:
g Czs0iiUz Pzg0i QU uz G
Qv; DU D vlz P iqwz Cz PnQz;
DzjAz Pzg0i P slg rzPAq zg.
E(i) g Czs0iiUz Pzg0i QU uz G
Qv.
(ii) DU D vlz P iqwz Cz PnQz.
(iii) DzjAz Pzg0i P slg rzPAq zg.
F g vAv Q0iiz PU MAzPAz DU DzjAz
-JA U AAzsAz MAz C0i t A0ifv
Pz.

(3) P
(C) jP VvAz, vAzU U wz.
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JA F GP wz JA Q0iizz Pv.
(D) APgU zyv QvAz CAz Pz.
E Pz JA Q0iiz zs Q0iiz.
F Q0iizP
z0i Pz APgU zyv Qv JAz JAz

261

Pq Pgt zt

PV C Pz. Pz JA Q0iizz Pv E
n. JAz Dzsg irPPUvz. EAx(99) MAz Cx CP PU MAz
CUVzg CAx P Pv.

zsPP

GzguU:
Kzg ir sgvz mg PS0i
g0ig zsjzgzg, Cg zsgP n gPgz
Cu zg0iA 0i wzU V gVzg.
E V gVzg JA zs PP - (1) Kzg ir
sgvz mg PS0i g0ig zsjzg.
(2) Cg zsgP n gPgz Cu zg0i. JA PU
GPU Ez Pz.
IV

- Psd

EzgU-i P, A0ifvP, PU i jZ0i

irPArj. MAzAz Pz Pv, P (PP zsvVzg
iv), Q0iizU RVgP. M Pz F zU
0iizzg MAz zgzg, Azs v Eg zU Cxz
0iAz EgPz zz Dzsg irPPUvz. Vg
Pv, P, Q0iUAz Prz Pz PvU PP, Q0iizP
t zU Egv. GzguUzq zq P vAz vU Pgz v Pz
0i CV iqP.
F Pz iqP-JAz Q0iiz.
P-Pv,
0i-P.
CAzg P 0i iqP JA F
g zU PV Pv, P, Q0iUzg-EUU MAzAzP
t zU.
(i) P-JAzP zq zq JA tU.
(ii) 0i-JAzP vAz vU Pgz JA zU,

262

Pq Pgt zt

(iii) iqP91-JA Q0iizP CV JAz tU.

U Pv, P, Q0iiz Ev zs zUU Eg Pv
tU, PtU, Q0iitU zz CU
AAzs r zs Psd0iz. F
PAz U P gZ Uz.
V

- gw

(100) s0i ivq v g0i, PU

g U Pgtz 0ii 0iPUtV zV? CU
Pg v 0idU? AAzs? JAz wz
gw0iz.
GzguU F P rj.
(i) gd gd Dv.
F Pz g zU. gd JAz Pvz, gd
Pz, Dv JAz Q0iiz. MAzAz z U g
0i Pgt zAz qz, JAz rj.
(1) gd -gd JA CPgAv AU Pw0i G JA
xisQv0i Az, q PgUV gd
JA gA, Dv JA Q0iU Pvv.
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w0iisQ KPZ A gd JA
zV Dv JA Q0iU Pv
(Pzv).
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g AU KPZz DSvv0i Az
Dv JA Q0iiz g qv.
U Pzg w z g0i Pgt 0izAv
UvAz z gw0iz.
JA P JA C0iQ0iiz. (Q0iixP0i)
iqP JAz Q0iizV vjz P vUg iv.
91

iqP

263

Pq Pgt zt

PV Pz Ag U gw0i Uj.
(i) g0ig GzU qQPAq U; GzU
Cg qQPAq Av.
(1) g0ig-g0i JA CPgAvAUPwU
Ugxz xi Z. U92
JA Q0iU Pvz.
(2) GzU-GzU JA CPgAv APAU Pw.
C JA w0iisQ KPZ. U
JA Q0iizP Pz.
(3) qQPAq-qQP JA A0iP zsv sv .
qQP zsv z v0i Az
qQPAq JA PzAv0iVz. Ez
U JA Q0iU tV Az.
(4) U93-U E, JA Jgq zU. U
JAz U zsv C JA v0i
Az U JA PzAv0iVz. E
JAz zsxP Q0iixP0i.
(5) GzU-GzU JA CPgAv APAU Pw.
xisQ KPZ, Av JA Q0iU Pvz.
(6) K CzsguxP C0i.
(7) Cg-C GPgAv AU. gxP
(xgAU) z Ugxz w0ii
Zz sQv0i Az Cg JA
gVz.
(8) qQPAq-qQP JA A0iP zsv sv .
qQP zsv z v0i Az,
qQPAq JA PzAv0iVz. Ez
U E. E JA C0i Q0iiz (Q0iixP0i) gU U
JA PzAv0iz evU Az. U JAz U zsv C
v0i j PzAv0iVz.
93 E JA zsxP Q0iixP0i P Pq, C v0iiAv PzAv0iz
evU 0iUUz-GzguU: iq, w, q-Ev. P
Pq vAvV0i EgzAl. Cz E, Dv 0i E-Ev.
92

264

Pq Pgt zt

Cg

JA zzq Av JA Q0iU
tVz.
(9) Av-g zsv, svP, x g, APAU,
KPZ Q0iiz.
F jw z U PU g w zP gw0i
P.
VI

- gA

(C) PU
(1) iP (2) A0ifv P

(3) P

JAz PU g U
(C) w0iAz Pz Pvz v Czg tU,
Pz Czg tU, Q0iiz Czg tU
Egv. tU Ez0i EgzAl.
(D) CPPzsv Q0iiz Pz Pzg.
(E) C0ii PAzg - z Pvz, D Pz
CAvg Q0iiz gAv erP. Pv, P,
Q0iUVg tU EU Az0i er P.
(F) Pv, P, Q0iizU M PU lVzg,
Eg zU Cxz 0iAz EgPz zU H
jz Dzsg.
(G) Pz g w0iAz z Cz Pgtz zAz
U g0i qvAz z gw0i
z.
*****

265

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)

(8)
(9)
(10)

(11)

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PU V J zsUV AUrz?
i PAzg?
A0ifv PAzg? Gzgu0iAU jj.
PP MAz Gzgu Prj.
DzsgAzg? E U F Pz iqPz
Dzsg zz?
NrAz. NrU. CgAz . U0iAv.
U d P. F PU 0ii 0ii zU
Dzsg iqP?
gU CgVv; DzjAz UV Nqwz; DU Pq
z; z PgtAz P jv. - F P Az JAx
Pwj? KP? jj.
jP0i x UzAz FUv Az F
vAz wv. - F P JAx P? KP? jj.
gw0iAzg? g P Nzv F Pz
Ag zU gw0i j.
(i) iq zsv viPz x g, AU,
KPZ g gj.
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U?
(iii) JA ZP APAU w0ii Z
g UUz?
PV PU vAz Pr. D vU jr gj.
(i) wAz JAz wAz zsv sv Pz
xg AUZg.
(ii) iqv JAz iq zsv vi P
xgAU KPZg.
(iii) z-JAz z JA CPgAv APAU
Pw0i vw0ii sQ Zg.
(iv) ZV-JAz MAz z.
F PV PU ng U Dgtzg MAz
j0ivg Dj gj.

266

(i)
(ii)

(iii)
(iv)

(v )

Pq Pgt zt

irz JAz iq zsv svP .............. AU

KPZ. (zsg, Gvg, xg)
Pv-JAz P zsv ............. Pz x
g AU KPZ g.
(viP, sv,
sv)
HjU-JA z Hg JA GPgAv APAUz
.......... sQ KPZ. (AZ, Zvy, )
iq JAz iq zsv C JA v0i
Az ............. Jz.
(PzAvs, PzAv0i, sPzAv)
E JAz MAz zsxP .......... DVz.
(zsv, Q0iixP0i, sPzAv)

*****

267

Pq Pgt zt

Czs0i 10

bAz
F Pz EzgU z Pgtz 0iUAz zV
ivqzP, PgZU, Pgz Azs gZU vP nU
CPUz.
Dzg zU U gaP? C 0ii
0iU PU Cjvg? JA 0i w0iPzg
CV bAzz jZ0i irPPUz. zyU
v Nzwg Pq o PU Cz U0i zU Nzvg.
D J zU gZ irz PU P 0iUj D
zU gagvg. 0ii 0i Cj F zU gavV,
JAz w0iz CU Nzg Pz 0idUQ.
DzzjAz P bAzz z jZ0i irPP
Uz. F zAz Az AUV F 0i wVz.
Pgt Uz zUgqP AAz zg, bAz P
zUU iv AAz Vz.
Nz zU
vgV. P , P Dg , P g ,
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U U0i zU
PAqgv. CUU g w0izg Rz P
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ePzlP CPz. Cz gUV r, v DAz
qz. Evgg DAzUz. EAx vz PsUUz
zU gZPz UU Pt w UAxAzg RV
bAzA JAz. Ez Uq zU ganz. Ez Pq
bAz zV w UAxVz.

268

Pq Pgt zt

- bAzA UAx Pv Zg

bAzA JA Pq bAz w UAx Q.. 990 g

E PlP
ij 10i UA94 gz.
PzAj0iA EAz UAx gz. AV 0iz
UU gz AVz PAr Uv z t0i
JA t U; v P. EU PgdA, zsP
A, PAzPAz-Ev CP gzUz. Fv 0izgVz
U0i vgz.
tz Umg U Pw
zVg ZAqg0iA E D0izv. Cfvz
Ag EU UgU.
bAzA JA F UAxz, Pq bAzU AAz J
0iU n.
II

- Pq PU

Pq s0i PU AP (Q.. 941) VAv z

gavVz. Dzg D Pz U PU U Q. AP
gz Pidd0i, D gtU FU Gg UAxU
z. z UAxU Uzg Q.. 90i vPz vAUAz
PgdiUz
Gv
P0iz
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gavz
Gzjz. EzjAz vAUVAv z Gvz Pq z
PU EzAz w0iz. v PU Pwz CP zU
Uv.
EU Az Q.. 60i viz w0i
bAzzz zU PU g0iwzgAz z. A
(Q.. 941), g (Q.. 993), C A (Q.. 1100), d (Q.. 1209)
Ev PU Av v ew0i bAz zq zq
ZAPU gzg. ZAPUAzg UzzUAz Prz PU.
Q... 1216 g ijz jggA P gUU bAz
UA j PUg. z0i U (Q.. 990)
bAzA0i, PlP PzAj JA ZA UAx gaz. Jgq0i
UA Q.. 1145 g z. E PP, PlP
sst, PUA g UAxU gazAz P ZjvPgg
wzg.
94

269

Pq Pgt zt

CP P gz. E C0iz gWAP (Q.. 1216) lU

bAz CP PU gz. l0i Az UzV
gt (Q.. 1430) zzg P gzg. gvPgt (Q..
1557) 0i AUvA z0i bAz sgv s gz.
U CPP bAzzz vg PqP Ez. F J bAzU
Pt w0iz Czg qsU AUiq
P, RV Pqz V P0ig Gvi,
ZAPi, zQrv, vsQrv, Ug, Ug-Ev
vU PtU, lU, gUU PAz zU zzU
PtU w0iPzz CP.
CAv0i APV Az D
0i Vz.
III

- z

MAz Uvz U (zU) 0iAz gzU zU.

CAzg zU z () UAz, w0iAz z , 0iw,
UtU 0iAz Prgv.
FU F ZgV MAzAzV
w0it.

(1)
(101) zU w0iAz MAz0i v Jgq0i gU
zsz MAz jw0i AdPgU gzP vg. F
Pg U (zU) P0i gU z
gavg. zAvz g F z 0i P gUU
iv PAq gvz.
F Pgz Az gzg J U g
Wgzg J PqU Wg, Cg UUzg J PqU
Cg UU AgP.
GzguU:szdgt dA |
rzAv d0iA |
rz PA |
vz P 0iA A ||

270

Pq Pgt zt

F zz z0i g-s Pgz Ag CPg, 20i g

Pgz Ag CPg. Egqg zsz JA Adz. EzgAv
20i CPg EPgU zsz Adz. 30i
CPg EPgU zsz Pgz. 0i CPg JPgU
zsz Pgz. U U0i Eg MAz0i Jgq0i
gU zsz JA Adgz UvUz. F Pg
Pgz. Cz Pgz Az J PqU g Egz.
FU MAzQAv Z AdU PgVgz Uj.
GzguU:0i gAf vq0iz gWz |
0i Zjvzsgz |
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U Pq vlU- |
vqrU Pr U |
Aq qvAzA PAqav f0iA g ||
10i
20i
30i
40i
50i
60i

-0i C + U + C
- M + U + K
-zg C + U + G
- G + U + C
-v C + U + J
-Aq E + U + M

J U MAz0i Jgq0i gU zsz MAz jw

AdU rj.
F zz U F Jgq AdU Dg U
PgUV Agz Uj. v PgU Az C, M, C,
G, C, E-Ev gU Agz Uj. Ezg U0i
P Pq PgU g AdUAz PrgzAl. P
ew0i A0iPPgUAz PrgzAl.95
(i) MAz Jgq0i gU q MAz zsz MAz Ad Az A g
Vzg A. Ezg U0i Pgz PgU(ii) A g WVzg Ud.
95

271

Pq Pgt zt

M zq zq PU F z 0iz C v
irgz GAl. UVgz J P Pq iv. Dzg J
PqU z 0i a PU PAq Azg.
gUU EzgU z D z evU CAvz0i F z
0i gzAl.GzguU:-

Dq UAq0i vA
q A nv vA

E z P0i Jgq gUz ( I + v 0ii + CA)

IPg CPgU zsz v 0ii JA PgU 20i
P0i Jgq gUz ( C + v 0ii + CA) CPg v CPgU
zsz v 0ii JA PgUV.
Jgq U gU0i bAz D q AdVzg,
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0i gU0iz B Gz PqU Ptz Cg.

(2) 0iw
0iw 0iAzg zU NzU U. U zP
Uvz U zg Cx PqAwggz. CU z VgP.
Pq PU 0i 0iw0i 0i z
PAz P zsv Pl, 0iw0i 0i Qzg. Av
PU 0i z 0iw0i 0i J PqU zg.
DzjAz 0iw0i 0i Pq PU C R.
Czg
0iV aU w0iPz CPv.
(iii) Pgz Az Cg (A) zg s.
(iv) Pgz Az U (B) zg Cd.
(v) g g ew0i Jgq g AdU PgUVzg gs.
(vi) MAz ew0i Jgq AdU PgUVzg 0i. U z Dg
zsU zAl. F Dg U q F PV z Pj.
dA MAzqAA || UdWA Azs AdgsA ||
Cd UA 0iA || dTzqPgAU m A||
A, Ud, s, gs, Cd, 0i-F Dg U AP Pt F zz Ez.

272

Pq Pgt zt

(3) UtU
(102) Ut JAzg UA JAz Cx. bAzz Ut
JAzg-zz w0iAz zz sV ivU Cx CPgU
UA v CAU UA.
ivU PAz-giv Cx iv v LzivU
UAU P zU gv. C ivUtU. P zU
g CPgU UAU sVg. C CPgUtU. P
zU MAzAz CAP MAzAz Ut AUrg.
C
CAUtU. RV FU ivUt, CPgUtU 0i wzg P.
IV

- iv, Ug, WU

(103) iv96:- C JA CPg J0izAv,

lPUzAv GZg iqzP PU P MAz iv
P. MAz ivPz GZg iqU CPgU WU
. W U Ugwz rP.

MAz ivPz GZjq CPgU:(104) gU v gUAz Prz UtvPgU

WU. WUVg CPgU 97 U bAz
Ugwz rP.

(i) U0i aP J P 1 ivPAz PU0i P P - JAz PU

P 2 ivPAz, MAz PU P 3 ivPAz
AU0i zsiq P ivPAz V w0ivg Cx
P0i vBPz PU(ii) P P P - JA z0i PU KPivP, Jgq0iz ivP,
g0iz wivP (v) JAz iV Uvg.
97 W a0i "" U, Ug a0i "" U aPAz
Ugw zwv. EwZU Cz vV Ug "" U W
"" U Ugwz rP0i Az.
96

Pq Pgt zt

273

GzguU:
C E G I J M

P Q

P Z

P P P
g v gUAz Prz UtvPgU MAz
ivPz GZjq CPgUzzjAz CU U
Ugv irz.
(105) UgU:- Jgq ivU Pz GZjq CPgU
UgU. UgUVg CPgU U Ugwz
rP.
(106) UgUU CPgU:- Wg, WgAz Prz
UtvPgU Cg UUAz Prz CPgU, MvPgz A
CPg, AdPgz A CPg l zU g 30i 60i
P0ig CPg (WVzg) UgU.
GzguU: (i) WgPgU UgUUzP

D F H I K L N
(ii) WgAz Prz UtvPgU
P Q Z Z S
(iii) Cg UUAz Prz CPgU
CA CB vA vB A B PA
(iv) MvPgz A CPg UgUzP

P t vU

274

Pq Pgt zt

(E MvPgz A CPgU UgUVz, Gz WVzg W

a0i UgVzg Ug a0i PP)
(v) AdPgz A CPg UgUzP

P u w u P v0ii
AdPgz A CPg UgUVgz Uj. u
JA JAz, P JA P JAz, JA
JAz, v0ii JA v JAz WPgUVzjAz dV
C UgU DVzg, AdPgU AgUzjAz C UgU.
U C UgUUzP Jgq PgtUzg MAz Ug.
GzguU AdPgUz , u, 0ii zz WU C,
UgU C. CP 0ii a0i Pgz. MAz CPg UgU
Jgq g PgtUzg MAz UgAz sP.
GzguU:-

PAP

GzguU CPg UgUzP Jgq PgtU.

Cz WzjAz Ug, MvPgz A CPgzjAz Ug. P
JAz g Pgt Az.
WVgzjAz Ug;
CggzjAz Ug; MvPgz A CPgzjAz Ug.
(vi) g, P, sU, s, j, zsPEv Dg ew0i l zU g g0i,
Dg0i P0i CPg WVzg Ug CPgAz
sP.
V

- ivUtz bAz zU

ivUtU JAzg g, , Lz ivU UAU

PlPAq sV UtU ivUtUzAz F Az
jz.

Pq Pgt zt

275

zz U UgWUAz Ugwz UgU Jgq

iv, v WU MAz iv0i PQ g, , Lz ivU
UAU MAzAz UtV AUr UtU ivUtU.
zU U CPgUU UgWU UgviqzP g JAz
g.
ivUtUAz Prz zewUAzg-PAz, lU98, gU99
zzU. FU MAzAzV ivUtz zU Pt wj.

(1) PAz zz Pt
PAz ||
4

M q 0i

4

eA qA P V j

4

P q 0i

4

0i

4

zs w

4
4

d g q U |

4
4

q j A d

4

m g

4

j A

4

zA

4

rA

4

P

4

U 0iA ||

F PAz zP g Q UtU (ivUtU) AUrz.

F zz g iv0i Cx Lz iv0iUtU AUr
gAw. Ezg iv0i UtU AUrP.
lU JAzg-g, P, sU, s, j, zsPUA Dg ew0i
lUAz w0iP.
99 gUUAzg-AzgU, GvgU, vgUUAz w0iP.
98

276

Pq Pgt zt

(107) Pt:- UAz Prz z; MAz0i g0i

U iVz iv0i g UtUAz Pr.
Jgq0i, 0i U Vz iv0i Lz UtUAz
Pr.
zsz JAl UtU, Gvgzsz JAl UtU E.
zs GvgzsU U JAzg 1, 3, 5, 70i UtU
z "" F jw0i zs Ug Ut gPqz. zs
GvgzsU 60i Ut iv ivU Vg UtU,
zs Ug Vg UtU gP. zs GvgzsU
PU Ug g " " EAx UtU, "" EAx UtU gP.
PAz zz g PtU Agz Uj.
E Dg ew0i lU PtU PV w0it. (m=Dg,
=zUz JAz Cx).

(2) lU PtU
(1) gl
4

Pgu0i

4
4

0i
4
4
4
1Ug

z U0i |
4

Pz

zs zs

Pq Pgt zt

277

j z

4
4
1Ug

v w ||
(-zg)

(108) F z Dg UAz Prz. 1, 2, 4, 5 0i

U MAz Vz 4 iv0i 2 UtUAz Pr. 3 v 6
0i U MAz Vz 4 iv0i 3 UtUAz,
Az UgAz Pr. g v Dg0i U
P0iPg WVzg UgAz w0iP. F ew0i zz
zsUg "" F jw0i Ut J0i gPqz. EAx
PtAz Prz zU glUAz w0iP.

(2) Pl
5

Avw0i

5

q0is |

5
5

PAv A |
5
5
5

wAvA 0i ZgA
5
5

Av A0iA |

1Ug

z ||

Pq Pgt zt

278

5
5

AvP A w |
5

Av

5

w0iq

1Ug

zA ||
(-Zjv)

(109) Dg zU z. 1, 2, 4, 5 0i U MAz
Vz Lzz ivU Jgq UtUAz Pr. g v
Dg0i U MAz Vz Lzz ivU g
UtUAz MAz UgAz Pr. 3 v 6 0i
P0i CPg WVzg UgAz sP. F ew0i
zz "" Vg v "" Vg Ut gPqz. F
PtUAz Prz zU P lU.

(3) sUl
3
3

g0i w z

sU

3
3
3
3

jz v v w g P
3 3
3

g a U

w z

3
3
3
3

zsg0i sU a

3
3 U

g Av 0i

Pq Pgt zt

279

3
3
3
3

g gv P q q
3
3
3

zsg0i sU P

Av

U

i ||
(- qPj)

(110) Dg UAz Prz z. 1, 2, 4, 5 0i U

MAz Vz g g iv0i UtUAz Pr.
g v Dg0i U MAz Vz g ivU
Dgg UtUAz, Az UgAz Prgv. g
v Dg0i P0i CPg WVzg UgUz. F
ew0i bAz zz " " U Eg ivUt gPqz. EAx
PtUAz Prz z "sUl" Jz.

(4) s l
3
4
3

PAq R g Uz

3
4
3
4

zAq v Z j 0i j
3
4
3
4
3
4
1Ug

RAq g U P gv q vqP g |
3
4
3
4

Ar vAz P A

Pq Pgt zt

280

3
4
3

zAq z P Hg

4

g

3
4
3
4
3
4
1Ug

Aq v v gz g j ||
(-UzV sgv)
(111) Dg zU z. 1, 2, 4, 5 0i U MAz
Vz g v ivU UtUgv. (z
g iv0i Ut CAvg 4 iv0i Ut F Pz Ml
UtUgv.) 30i 60i U MAz Vz, g v
ivU DgUtUAz Az UgAz Prgv.
g v Dg0i U P0i CPg WVzg
UgUvz. F ew0i zz " " F jw0i zs Ug
Ut J0i gPqz. EAx Pt s lU.

(5) jl
4
4
4
4

zjv A zP AP
4
4
4
4

j P z z vA
4
4
4

j P zP zPP

4
4
4

j g Pu0iw PAP0i

4
4
1Ug

A UU 0i |

4

zj

Pq Pgt zt

281

4
4

gvA zz
4

0igQ

rA

Aw

4
4
4
4
1 Ug

0iz Zj sd vA ||
(-Pq Pr)

(112) Dg zU z. 1, 2, 4, 5 0i U MAz
Vz, iv0i UtUAz Pr. 3 v 60i
U MAz Vz iv0i Dg UtUAz
Az UgAz Prgv.
F zz " " F
jwg Ut J0i gPqz. g v Dg0i
P0i CPg WVzg Ugz. F PtAz Prz
z jl0iz.

(6) zsPl
5
5
5
5

0i gAf vq0izg Wzs |
5

5
5

0ij vzsgz |

5
5
5
5
5
5
2

zg Az Q0i ez 0iU zz |
5
5

U

5

Pq

5

vlU |

282

Pq Pgt zt

5
5
5
5

v qr UPr U |
5
5
5
5
5
5
2

Aq qvAz APAq av f0iA g ||
(113) DgzU z. 1, 2, 4, 5 0i zU MAz
Vz 5 iv0i 4 UtUAz Prz. g v Dg0i
U MAz Vz 5 iv0i DgUt v Az
UgAz Prgv. 3, 6 0i U P0i CPg WVzg
UgUvz. EAx PtU zU zsPlU.
EzgU PAzz, g, P, sU, s, j,
zsPUA ivUtU bAz zU PtU wj. E
iV, g, , Lz, ivU PAz sVPAq UtU
gal zU. FU ivU Utz PAz gang
EAz U0i zU Pt w0it.

(3) gU ew0i zPtU

gU

JAz gWm JA Av z vz z. Pqz

iV GvgU, AzgU, vgU JAz g zsz
gUU zV. gU0i zU EzgU z Cx Dg
U zUAv, E UgPA 0i E. J Pzg
U U0i 0iv Uz. Dzg J U iz
ivUtUAz Prgv. v Jgqgq U z 0ig
vz. CAv EgzAl.

Pq Pgt zt

283

(1) GvgU0i Pt
(i)
3
3
3
3


100P U
AU
3 3
3
3

vg P tAU
3 3
3
3

vA Ar Av r
3 3
3
3

dP Q 0iAv Pr
(-PUgP)
U F GvgU0i w0iAz g
iv0i UtUAl. z Jgq U D Ez,
CAv Ez. Egq U D, CAvz. P
Pq U EgzAl. Dzg Dgz Z. U(114) Jgqgq U 0ilPAq g iv0i
UtU Ut0iAz U 0iz Eg z ew0i
GvgU0iz.
JA JAz A0iPPgVz A JAPg
UgUPVv. Dzg U DV. KPAzg-Uqz P Pq P
vPgU yV GZj CAx yv JAz Pg0ivg. U
yvV GZjz A0iPPgz A CPg UgU. , UzU,
Cz, Jz, PzAP, zAP, dUA, , vqzA, CUA, EAx yvUU. E CP Pq yv gvz. zP P
JA JAz yvAz wzg P. F jw Uqz iv
Egvz.
100

284

(ii) F GvgU0i E MAz zsAl.

rj:-

Pq Pgt zt

PV z

3
3
3 1Ug

i r0i q vA
3
3
3

q 0i P

1Ug

vA

3
3
3
1Ug

Av P0i vA
3
3
3 1Ug

vU z g0i vA
(-PUg P)
Jgq0i jw0i GvgU0i J U g
iv0i gUtUAz Az UgAz Pr. zgq
U D CAvUgq E. P0i Jgq U
CAv iv Ez.
U g iv0i gUt Az UgAz Prz
Az GvgU0i bAz zUgvAz w0iP.

(2) AzgU0i Pt
(i)
4
4
4
4

Dq UAq 0i vA |

285

Pq Pgt zt

4
4
4
4

q A nv vA |
4
4
4
4

Rz lAv AA v
4

RR

4
4
4

AzA A v
(-PAg UAq0i gU)

AzgU0i zz w0iAz zz iv0i

UtU.
zgq U q Pg, Gzgq
U S Pg Ez. CAv Jgqgq U g
g Ez. U(115) iv0i Ut wzz Az Jgqgq
UU
0ig zewU AzgU0ig.
CAv P Pq EgzAl.
(ii) F AzgU0i E MAz zsAl.
rj.
3
5
3
5

Az AU gA
3
5
3

PA Pt0i v
3
5

v Aj

gA

3
5

dj A

F PUt z

Pq Pgt zt

286

3
5
3
5

Jv A A

(-Asgv)

jzAv w0iAz zz g v Lz iv0i

Ut (Ml 16 ivU) U PAz AzgU0i
zUgz GAl. zgq U D 0i. Dzg
gA gA JAz CAvz.
P0igq U
D CAv Ez. U(116) gz Lz iv0iUtAz Prz, Ml
ivUtAz Pr Jgqgq DU CAv U,
Cx
Jgq
PqU

0ig
z
ew0i
AzgU0i Jgq0i zsVz.

(3) vgU0i Pt
5
5

C0i g U z
5
5

UAq z j

5

U z gP gAUz
5
5

g z z

5
5
5

gag U

5

0iAPAq

5
5
5
5

101EgAw
0ig jU APAq
(-gdzg gU)
F UA JA zzg JAz MvPgzjAz Czg A
U JAz UgUP; Dzg F Az Crnt0i jzAv Cz yv
Az szjAz Czg Ag U JAPg WVz.
101

287

Pq Pgt zt

F vgU0i zz w0iAz 0i Lz iv0i

UtU. Jgqgq U D0iz. CAv
Jgqgq UU g g0iiV0i Ez.
(117) F jw0i z ()U EAw EgPA
0iz, w0iAz zz Lzz iv0i UtUl
Jgqgq U 0i RV D0i PAq
g0il zU vgUU. CAv z 0i
Jgqgq UU Egz. P Pq Dz P CAv
Egz. EAx GzguU wg Pr.
EzgU ivUtz PAz gal CP zs bAz PtU
gV Cjwj. z J bAzewU g, ,
Lz ivU UAU (UtU) AUr jwwU UU Cjwj.
FU EAz jw0i Ut AUquAz Prz z ewU qt.
VI

- CPgUtU

(118) CPgUtUAzg g g CPgU UAU

MAzAz UtAz w0i UtU. g g CPgU UA
ivU g Egz, , Lz, Dg ivU Egz.
Cz R. E g g CPgU R. U g
g CPgU PAz UtU AUrz vew0i
bAzU iv. vU g zsUAl. CUq
Pqz RV g Gviv, ZAPiv,
zQrvv, vsQrvv, Ugv, Ugv
UA Dg ew0i vU jZ0i qs0i P wzg
P. DzjAz z CPgUtU jZ0i irPAq vU
C U qvAz wj.

Pq Pgt zt

288

CPgUtU Ml 8 zs. CU F PVAv Ez(1) Ut

(2) Ut

(3) sUt

(4) 0iUt

(5) dUt

(6) gUt

(7) Ut

(8) vUt

A

v

U g

A

v

d A

vA

v

jzAv g UgU g g CPgz Ut Ut.

g W g gPgz Ut Ut. Ug z Az Jgq W
g Ut sUt. W z Az Jgq UgU g Ut
0iUt. Ug q gz dUt. W q gz gUt. Ug
P0i g Ut Ut. W P0i g Ut vUt. U JAl
Pgz F CPg Utz U. F JAl UtU
sV
w0i
F
PUt
z
PAoo
irzg
CPUz:Ug-W jg -Ut |
Ug-W z g zs-0iUtAg |
Ug-W qg d-gUt |
Ug-W P0i g -vUtPA ||
Ug jg Ut; W jg Ut; Ug z g sUt;
W z g 0iUt; Ug qg dUt; W qg gUt; Ug
P0i g Ut; W P0i g vUt-JAz F zz Cx.

Pq Pgt zt

289

Cx F JAl UtU wPU E MAz jw0i zsAl. PUt

F v rj:0iivgdsUA

F vAz UtU Ug W U w0iPAzg-0i, ,

v, g, d, s, , JAl UtU U 0ii Utz PzU
0iivgdsUA F vz D0ii CPgAz zAq g
CPgUU g QPAqg D Utz gvz. GzguU
0iUtP vz0i 0iPgAz gPg vUzPP.

0i i v

i v g

v g d

g d s

d s

s



UA

0iUt

Ut

vUt

gUt

dUt

sUt

Ut

Ut

JAzg W (); U JAzg Ug () JAz w0iP.

EzgU JAl zsz CPg UtU P wj. E F

JAlUtU 0iAz gal v ew0i bAz Pt w0it.

Pq Pgt zt

290

(4) vew0i bAz PtU

(1) Gvivz Pt
s
g

s
s
g
+U

ZUz sUz P gz U0iz Un0i AA U.|
s
g

s
s
g +U

Ug iqi g i gAv gV l-|
s
g

s
s
g
+U

V0i w zz wgz qAj zA0ii Vu|
s
g

s
s
g
+U

PV 0iiV lz Az z z z||
(-Pid dAi)
(119) i U z. w 20 CPgU.
(AdtU PP vUzPPqz.) w s, g, ,
s, s, g UtU, MAz W v MAz Ug U g
v Gvivz.
F Pt sV q F PV v z.
v102:- Gvi0iz sgA ssA gUA Ug
102

Gv

g

i0i

zs

s
s

gAs sAg

UAU

F vP g Qzg vz Pt gz.

+U

Pq Pgt zt

291

(2) ZAPivz Pt

d
s
d
d
d

J P igj v zsg v

d
s
d
d

vU v g A 0i Uev

d
g

Ua v

d
s
d
d
d
g

P Ug 0ig P Rq

d
s
d
d

zsU g v v v a v

d
g

z zsw0i
(-gAPg)

(120) izU z. w0iAz zz 21

CPgU. w zz0i , d, s, d, d, d, g
JA K
UtUgv. EAx vU ZAPivU.
ZAPivz F PUt v PAooirj.
v103:- dsddAdgA UUwg ZAPi0iAzg

103

d
s
d
d
d
g

ds ddAd gAMU Uw gZA Pi 0iAzg

F vP g Qzg vz Pt gz.

Pq Pgt zt

292

(3) zQrvvz Pt

v
v
+U

EAwP P szg d PAqq |

v
v
+U

Av A As PA zP zt |

v
v
+U


AvgA vq Pgg WA v d |

Av

A U AU v

v
v
+U

i gAsQ A |
(-gdRg)

(121) izU z. w z 19 CPgUAz

Prz. w zz , , d, , v, v JA Dg UtU
MAz Ug Egv. EAx vUU zQrvvU
g. Ezg v PU Pnz. PAoo irj.
v104:- Pu dAvvAUi zQrvA

104

Pu dA

vvA

v

Ui z

vP g Qzg vPt gz.

Qr

+Ug

vA

Pq Pgt zt

293

(4) vsQrvvz Pt

s
g

0i
+U

PA jAz P P AA UA P vA

s
g

0i
+U

P A i jAzPA qP Ae A qvA

s
g

0i
+U

PA d AUA zj 0i dA gA

s
g

0i
+U

A z g gZ g
(-g vP)
(122)
CPgU.
W v
z.

i zU z. w zz Ev
wz , s, g, , , 0i UtUAz Az
MAzUgAz Prz zew0i vsQrvv
F v Pt w v PAoo irj.

v105:- sgAAz0iAUA UU vsQrvA

105

s
g

0i +U


sgA A0i0i AUA UU v sQ rvA
vP g Qzg v Pt gz.

Pq Pgt zt

294

(5) Ugv Pt

g
s

0i
0i
0i

PgtA U0i P0i V a w0iii UA

g
s

0i
0i
0i

gd vU Zgv 0i zv v eAA

g
s

0i
0i
0i

wg vgA U g 0isg zP Q

g
s

0i
0i

PgzsA Qg ig t zAg tPZ

0i

0igA

(-gdRg )
(123) i zU z. wzz0i EvAz
CPgUgv. w0iAz zz , g, s, , 0i, 0i, 0i
UtUgv. F jw0i v ewU Ugv g. Ezg
v PVAv z.
v106:-vg AgAsA0iUtz vA UgvPA.

106

g
s

0i
0i
0i


vgA gAsA 0iU t zvA Ug vPA
vP g Qzg vPt gz.

295

Pq Pgt zt

(6) Ugv Pt

v
v

g
g
U

jA zsP AzAz U r zA Pg vP A

v
v

g
g
U

g P P 0iAir z z z vPA v0igA

v
v

g
g
U

ZgA PAvg zwg w j z QU zzA z

v
v

g
g
U

PgA Az z zlA z A
(-UzAiz)
(124) i zU z. w 22 CPgU.
w , v, v, , , g, g UtUAz, Az UgAz
Prgvz. Ezg v PU Ez. Cz PAoo irj.
v107:- vvA A A ggAUA gz0i UgvPA
RV Pqz g Dg vUz Gvi, ZAPi,
zQrv, vsQrv, Ug, UgvU Pt
EzgU wj. Gvi0i 20 CPgUAz ZAPi0i 21
CPgUAz zQrv 19 CPgUAz vsQrv 20
107

v
v

g
g
U

vvA AAg gAUA gz 0i Ug v PA
vP g Qzg v Pt gz.

296

Pq Pgt zt

CPgUAz Ug0i 21 CPgUAz Ug0i 22 CPgUAz

(w) Prgv.
F Dg vU sV V
UgwzP MAz zz. Cz wzg V F Dg vU
Ugwz. Dzg Ez CAz Rgzs. zsAz
qP.
UgAz0ivA Ugz gUzi |
UgVgAv Ug WzAzA UgzAzi |
Vg vs Wz0i wUgAzPA Ug |
juQ, W ZAPgA108 SvPlPA ||
Cx:- D0i MAz Ug Azz Gvi; D0i g
UgU Azz z Qrv; D0i PV UgU
Azg Ug; D0i Jgq W Az CAvg Jgq Ug Azg
vsQrv; D0i z Jgq W Az Az g UgU
Azg Ugv; WU PV Azg ZAPiv.
U Dg vU jZ0i F zAzUz.
EzgU tU ZgV wz, CU 0iAz z ga
Dg Rz vU Zg wj. tUt v ivUtUVAv
z EAz jw0i UtU PAz z gZ iqzAl. C
CAUt JA j UtU.
VII

- CAUtU

CAUtU w, AUv, CPg Ev CP j bAz

qv. vqQ D CAUtU 0iV zP w0i
CPv.
A vgUwU CU 0i PV
w0ij.

E0i gPg Plg DVz. EzgU bAz Gzjz zU

g PlgsU z gPg, gPgU z Pg z.
zyUU vqPUgzAz Ezg Gz.
108

297

VIII

Pq Pgt zt

- gA

(1) zgZP w bAz.

(2) z zUAz, zU 0iwUt UAz Prgv.
(3) 0iw JAzg z U Uvz z z.
Pq zU 0iw R.
(4) UtU RV ivUt-CPgUtUAz Jgq U.
(5) Azg zz w MAz0i, Jgq0i gU
q MAz jw0i Ad gP.
(6) ivUtU PAz, gU, lU qv. P
Pq g, , Lz ivU UtU AUrvg.
(7) tUtU Ml JAl; C vU qv.
(8) Pqz RV 6 vU Z P0i.
(9) MAz ivPz CPgU WU.
(10) Jgq iv Pz GZjq CPgU UgU.
(11) Wg, WgAz Prz UtvPg MvPgz A
CPg, Cg UUAz Prz CPgU AdPgz
A CPg, l0i g0i Dg0i P0i
CPgU UgU; Gz WU. Ug WU
PV bAz F aUAz Ugwg.

*****

298

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

0iw0iAzg? Pq zU 0iw0i 0iP zsv KP?

Azg? Gzgu0iq j.
UgUU CPgU 0ii?
CPgUtU U? CU P jj.
zsP l0i q UtU? Ezg Pt jj.
F PUt PU lVg Pq j0iiz z Q P
CxvV irj.
(i) PAz zz .. .. .. .. U MAz ; .. .. .. .. U
EAz .
(ii) lU 1, 2, 3, 4 0i zU .. .. .. .. .. Egv.
(iii) zz w zz .. .. .. .. gU zsz MAz jw0i
Ad gzP .. .. .. .. Jg.
(iv) gUU Jgqgq U .. .. .. .. 0i PAqgvz.
(v) gUU EAw .. .. .. .. UgPA 0i.
(vi) PAz zz z .. .. .. .. Ut gPqz.
(vii) sl0i J0i .. .. .. .. F jw0i Ut gPqz.
(viii) PAzzz zsz Dg0i Ut v Gvgzsz Dg0i
Ut.. .. .. .. .. F z UtU Cx .. .. .. .. F
z UtU DVgP.
(ix) vgU0i wz .. .. .. .. ivU .. .. .. .. UtUAz
Prgvz.
(7) F PU ng U Dgtz Png MAz j0ivg
Dj gj.
(i) lU .. .. .. .. U vg.
(ivUt, CPgUt, CAUt)
(ii) PAz zz .. .. .. .. UtU vg.
(3 iv0i, 4 iv0i, 5 iv0i)
(iii) Gviv .. .. .. .. CPgU v.
(19, 20, 21)
(iv) CPgUtU Ml .. .. .. .. U.
(K, JAl, Dg)

299

Pq Pgt zt

(v) UgU .. .. .. .. ivU.

(MAz, Jgq, g)
(vi) Azg MAz0i Jgq0i gU zsz g MAz
jw0i .. ..
(g, vg, Ad Cx AdU)
(vii) gU0i bAz .. .. .. .. 0i.
(CPgU, U, zU)
(viii) vU .. .. .. .. UtU, 0iAz Prgv.
(ivUt, CAUt, CPgUt)
(8) F PV PU vU. C jrj.
(i) tU g ivU PAz AUrqv.
(ii) g UgU Ut Utz.
(iii) DUg CAvg Jgq WUAz Prz CPgUt
0iUtz.
(iv) gUU CPgUtU qv.
(v) zsPl0i g v iv0i UtU
qv.

*****

300

Pq Pgt zt

Czs0i 11

CAPgU
ZV Pt GzAz Cx AzgV PtPPA
PgtAz m g, , Mq-EvU zsjPv. E F
CAPgAz dg DPvgUvg. Ezg U0i ivqU,
PjU UAv, QU EAUAv Zvgz jw0i
ivqz GAl. GzguU g? JAz PzP
zV v g 0ii CPgUAz CAPvVz? JAz PzU
Jgq iw Cx MAz Dzg Jgq0i iw Zvgz t
Ptz. Ezg U Q g nz J ivQ nz g vz0i u0i PAPzAv
Ptwz. U zU Azgz av, Cx Zvg, Pg
juPj0iiUz. E CAPgz ivU.
Ezg U0i U equ0i ZvgV ir PzP
vVgAv ivqz GAl. GzguU(1) z ga0i.
(2) PvU Uv? v Pvj0i j?
(3) JVU UU z P0i J0i PU
D Az.
PU MAz Pz-, , Ev U, Pv,
v, Uv, Pvj Ev U, J, V, U, U, U, ,
P, J, P-Ev MAz Cx CPgU z z Az U
gZ0i AwP PAqAvV PjU MAz U0i vAl
iq. E U CAPgU.
U Cxz ZvgAz, U ZvgAz iw
Azg Z ir ivqz MAz P; PU PU gz
F jw0i Zvgz rU D PP MAz U0i CAPg. CAzg,
MqU U jgP U st U0i EAv ivU PP
st Cx CAPgU.

Pq Pgt zt

301

PU PU EAv CAPg ivU CxZvgAz Pz

U azg, CUU CxAPg Ug. U Zvg
Az Pz U ZAv gazg, CAxU APg UAz
Pg0ig.
(i) CxAPgP PV MAz Gzgu0i rjg

oU sQ lAz Aq; ozUt P E0i PAq

lUzAvv Pu gx109 (-zgz0i)
E ZPg ivU qAPz sQ0i AUz
JAz iwU ozU iq Q Pz. ozAx
v z P J Vzg, CzP oz sv Uwzg,
oz CzP Gv wArwU Uwzg, E0i PAqPq, Czg
A0i Ut PlUAq E0i Uz Cz w
Q0i0i irqz. Ezg U0i qAsZg sQ0i n
. C J qAsAz Prz sQ0i DZjzg Cz
dz sQ DU.
dz sQfAz GAmU Ag
GAmU.-Ev Cx Zvg D Jgq t PU CqPVz.
U Cx ZvgAmUAv ivU CxAPgU.
(ii) APgP PV EAz z UjF z qq vvUwgw
gg gz zzz z
gfzgg, vvz Errz
Aqq z zCUUz 0iU0iUiV ggz,
PUU z gg,
AU0i U0i, PPAU
qq gv0i v0i
-e sgv
109

Azg

IX

Aqg oP,

1969-70

g zt.

Pq Pgt zt

302

Cgtzsz ggAzg Cgg Pz zAU PgAz

ir, evev0iiV ghAPgiqv 0iwg zz F
t0i MAz C0i CP U evev0iiV Az, v
iqU P PnPAq zsiqwg UeU Av zz
MAz U0i AzgAliqw. F jw UAz zz
Azg azU CzP APg JAz Pg0iv.
U
PU CxAPg APgU J U0iiV gv? CU
Pt? JAv? JA UU CPP UAxU n. EU UU
UAx gzg PtPg Jvg. Avz, Pqz CP
PtPg CAPg UAx gzg. F PU Pqz iv CAPg UAx
gz PtPg UU z jZ0iPnz. Cg jZ0i irPj.

(1) vAU (Q..814)

gPl ZPw0iz vAU, PgdiU A PtUAx
gz. Ezg CAPgU UU CP 0iU n.

(2) U

II

(Q..1145)

20i UA gz PP JA UAx Gv
lz PtUAxz. Ezg CAPgU 0iz CP guU
A110.

(3) wgg (Q..1672)

U CAvg PtUAx gzg wgg Rz.
j aPzgdg D Arvz Fv Cwg Zjv JA
CAPg UAx gz. aPzgd Mq0ig ZjvU AAz CP
zU v ga CAPgP GzguU Pnz. Ezg Ml
120 CAPg Vz.

(4) e0iz (Q.. 1735)

vgU U zg0iz e0iz0iA zg0i Pq
P0iiAz A j Pt UAx gz111. Fv v F Pt
vAU Avg Gz0iiv, izs JA Eg PtPg CAPgU UU
PtUAx gzg.
111 F UAx q|| J.. Ao, Cg EwZU A Pnzg.
110

303

Pq Pgt zt

UAxP Gzgu (P) U Pq lUAxUAz D0iPArz.

100 CAPgU iv g F UAx, Avzg
C0iQvg P0iiAz A CAPgUAx Cj gzAv
PArz. Pqzg CAPg UAxU Ez GvVz.
EzgU CAPgAzg? PU PU 0ii zAz
CAPgU jvg? CUAz PP JgnU 0id? EAx
CAPg UAxU, UAx Pvg Pqz 0iig 0iig? Ev CAU
UU V jZ0i irPArj. qsU Nz zyU
gg CAPgU Rz JAl CAPgU UU wzg P.
A vgUwU EU UU aU w0ij.
I

- CxAPg

(1) GiAPg
F PV ivU Uj.
(i) D U R ZAz RzAv gVz.
(ii) ZjU irz GPg U gzAv.
z0i Pz U Rz CzPv, ZAzg
CzPv iVgzjAz U R ZAzU z.
ZAz rzU GAmU gv U R rzU
DUvz. F Cx Zvg D Pz CqVz.
Jgq0i Pz U gzg 0iiUzz j.
Ezg U0i ZjU GPg irzg Cg CPg iqgz
w0iiV GPg iq. E ZjU irz GPg U
g0i Q0iU Vz. U g PUU Gi
vg. 0iizP F P0i Pq Cz G0i. CAv
U-JAz PU AAzs P U GiZPU.
F PU g iv0i izsz.
GzguU:
z Pz
(1) U R
.. .. .. .. G0i
(2) ZAz
.. .. .. .. Gi

304

(3) U R v
ZAzg DzPv
(4) ZAz RzAv JAg
CAv JA

Pq Pgt zt

izs,
(zsgtzs)
GiZP

Jgq0i Pz
(1) ZjU irz GPg
.. .. .. .. G0i
(2) U g0iP
.. .. .. .. Gi
(3) ZP
ZjAz CPgUPizs
JA JgqjAz juz
(zsgtzs)
CPgUP
(4) gzAv JA Ag
GiZP
CAv JAz

U F GiAPgz G0i, Gi, izs

GiZP-F Azg Cz uiAPgz112.
Ezg v F PVAv z.
(125) GiAPg:- Jgq UU ggV
P0i z GiAPgz113.
(P0iAzg DPPz P)

Eg

Gzgu :- (i)
gUq0i PA sv Pz| jUgUAv Pt
iv QzgU z zAU zsgU qqUv||
(-e sgv)
G0i, Gi, izs, GiZPU MAzzg, Pzg
V gzg Cz 0iz.
113 Gi0iv z Qgw z0iB ||
Cx:- vz U gvAz q MAz zsA zPV
vg0iz G0iz (- CwgZjv) ( wPUV Cw g
Zjv0i 0i PqVz.)
112

Pq Pgt zt

305

(gZAz iwAv vz0i PrU lg z

Pt g Cu0i vzU wz Azsz qz
Wlz.)
Cx:-gU V, Ul g Cr jz sU
Av vA Ut0iiz vz0i Pt iv Ptl
(Qzg) P z qqV sU z.
E sU z vz G0i sv 0i g Gi
zsgU P0i zsgtzs (izs).
CAv JAz
GiZP. DzzjAz Ez uiAPgv.
Gzgu:- (ii)
Pjz zvg d|
rU0iv zrzAU| 0i|
Aq MUzAU||
(-ez vAz)
Cx:- Pjz 0i dvgz? rU Jv zrz U.
v 0i0i Hlir MUz U. E Pz
tUU rU Jw zrU, 0i J0i Hlir
qPU Jgq PU PqVz. Ez GiAPg.

(2) gPAPg

114

ivqU M U zAl.
(i) zAz Dv Pv gw.
(ii) D dV zg.
(iii) F U D zy0iAz gv.

vzgAdA 0i0iv gPA.. .. ..

Cx:-t iAz z CszgPA.
(-CwgZjv)
(F CAPgz Dg U. Pv CszgPAz wzg P. vz
vzgPz Ez. Cz CP.)
114

0isz

306

Pq Pgt zt

(1) E z Pz-zA Pv gw0i MAz JAz

szz Vz.
(2) Jgq0i Pz-, zg MAz JAz szz
(CszV) z.
(3) g0i Pz-zy0i gv MAz JAz szz
(CszV) Vz.
E g PU MAzgAv EAz JAz . Gi
G0iU Jgq MAz JAz U szz z
gPAPg. E CszAz gzjAz Ez Csz gP Az
qz. Ezg v PVAv z.
(126) CszgPAPg:- t EAzgAv
(GizAv) Ez JAz z, Jgq U JAzg G0i
GiUgq
MAz
JAz
szzAv
z
CszgPAPgz.
Gzgu:- (i) gztA ggAz Uwz|
jdz sUqU q0iwz||
(-jAz P)
F zsU-jAz vU v geU Pl, lt
l UU C0izsUgz dg Uq z.
Cx:- gz t gPgAz Uwz.
P dz sU CqU Uwz.
E jAzA G0i gz tA Gi MAz
JAz, Jgq0i Pz jAzA Gi jdg sUA
Gi MAz JAz Gi0iU szz CAzg
CszV tgzjAz Ez CszgPAPgv. EzgAvGzgu:- (ii) 0i zsi, 0i zs|
0iU ze||
z 0ijU|
w0ig r0i?
(-z0i zs)

Pq Pgt zt

307

E 0iiz tU v Ut zsz qzP

qP0i tvVz.
Cx:- 0ijU 0i zsi, 0i
UAq zg e, w0i z zgzs.

zs,

E v zsi Jgq MAz. v zs Jgq

MAz, w0i -zg e Egq MAz-Ev0iiV G0iGiU Csz l Pgt CszgPAPgv.

(3) GvPAPg

115

Pg gPtgq 0izP vqVzV gizsz

AUz t0i F PU rj.
gPz

zP v0i Pl F jw aP aP lU
zV grgg JAv v z DU Aq Ptwv.
(-gizsz t0i UqgAvg)
E v z DU gtgAUz vv gr z. gtgAU
gP0iVv. F P gAz jw0i PPAq
(Asz). gPtg Az zP v Pl lU Qv
vAz grzgA zA ePAq P, FU C P Dz
Pg gPz zP v Pl aP aP lU vj
grgg-J U gPqAz Prz gtgAUz v z
v grPArg DU PAqAz P z. U P
PveAz z GvP0iz. Ezg v F PVAv
z.
(127) GvPAPg:- MAzAz

vAzV
As
GvP0iz.

...... (AszvP.. .. .. )
t G0iP Giz zzjAz GiAztz
(Hz), GvP0iz. (JAzg gAz MAz EAz
V Asz, JAzg Pz Rz CA.)
115

AsgvP

zx, Cx
(P)
tz

308

Pq Pgt zt

Dzg t Cx z As iq
(PP) zs Ez EgP.
Gzgu:- (i)
DgdA j
zsgizz eAUA v0iAzjz PAwg
gPgg j0iA PA||
(-Pq Pr)
EzAz 0iz 0iz 0iAPz t.
Cx:- 0i PvAz Jz zs U vV, CAx PA
zsAz zsgz v z v0izPU z
g P.
dV Vz g, P PU zP
VzAz P z.
0iAPz g t PAVgvz v z C
g0iiUv.
DzjAz P zsw PAz ,
zg zz PtzU zs Ez. DzjAz Ez
GvPAPgv.
Gzgu:- (ii) Az U|
gU Vs0i sgA||
eVAwgA|
zg0i z r0i g vPA||
(-gdRg )
Uz0i jz. D j vz vU wA Ptwz.
Cx:- vAz V Pt vz vU v VU
Az qvA s0iAz sU Ezz JAAv Uz0i
j C ws Ptwz.
E dV j ws Pt vz vU D
P0i gAz Pgt Pl P VU s0iAz C sU Ez
V JAz As ir Ez GvPAPgUz.

Pq Pgt zt

309

(4) zAvAPg

116

(i) Hg GPg Cj0iz; t AUg Cj0iz.

(ii) Cl M Gjv; Pl Av.
(iii) ivU dU; HlU gU.
Ev0iiV trU Zg irzg, z0i Pz
HjU GPg iqz, tP AUgiqz MAz. Jgq0i
Pz CrU0iiz M Gj0iwv. Pl
Av. g0i Pz iw v wz dU iqPz
0i E; Hlz jv gUAz g s0i.
Ev0iiV Jgqgq ivU Cxz zAz MAzPAz A
wAUAv Ptv. A wAAzg v v Pr0i Pt
v wAz U.
U t 0iP gAz 0iz
zAv wAz U PtAwzg Cz zAvAPgz.
Ezg v PVAv z.
(128) zAvAPg:- Jgq g g PU (t
0iz P Ct0i PU) CxzAz MAzPAz
A wAzAv (MAzg wA vAz szAv)
vgwzg Cz zAvAPgz.
Gzgu:- (i) Ag zdg JA|
Azs0iAv PgaPw0iA?||
Azgs0iAzg|
AzRA d0iRA j?||
(-gdRg )
Cx:- zdg Avg JA zjPAz M0i P0iiz
Pw0i ga? CAzg ga0i gav. Pv0i s0iAz
g v QgtU j? CAzg j0i jv.
wAvA zAvzAPwB
Cx:- Jgq PAU gV MAzPAz zA wAzAv vg0iz
zAvAPgA. (-CwgZjv)

116

ZA

Pq Pgt zt

310

E-zdg Az iqvgA zjP0i UtU vUzPz

v0iiz Pw ga0i gavA iwU, Pv0i zjPAz
g gz v QgtU j0i jv-JA iwU
Cx zAz AwA s G0i-GiUgqP
vgzjAz Ez zAvAPgUz. Ezg U0iGzgu:- (ii) Jv0i PnU|
vPA U zzA|
l v Rg|
dA gr0i izsggA||
(-0izsg Zjv)
Cx:- C0iU0i CP 0iAwg F z zsj
R P; zBR q; J P gr0i iz
s Cgz Eg?
E-CP C0iU q0izP Pgtz F z zsj
P R P J , Pgr0i zz iz
t qP MAz. KPAzg Pgr0i iz s
Uz. CzgAv zP C0iU Cg. C Az gv.
U G0i-Gi PUU A wAs vgzjAz Ez
zAvAPgUz.

(5) CxAvgAPg

117

(i) Dv jP0i x
Avgz PU jP0iAz P?

qz

Gwtz;

(ii) Dv GAqU PqUz; PvWg K v iq?

Ev0iiV ivqzAl.
E z0i Pz Dv
jP0i x U Gwtz JAz t
v i 0iB
Cx:- i AUA z CxAvgA. CzA vizxA
iV, CvizxA i iU0iz (1) iA x
giz CxAvgA. iA viU A Cv iU (2) A
i x giz CxAvg APgA. (-Cwg Zjv)
117

GQgxAvgB

311

Pq Pgt zt

P-Pz J Av PU C0iUAx Avgz

PU jP0iAz P? JA i rAz x irz.
CzgAv, Jgq0i Pz0i Pq GAqU Pq Uz JA F
tz iv PvWv 0i dU K v iq?
CAzg-J PqP iqvgA P i iwAz x ir
zAl. Ezg U0i F PV iv rj.
giv

v sPg z Pqv. sPz zU

vAzAz UAqAvg AzU giv Prz.
F iw giv v sPg z Pqv JAz i
P; KPAzg J giv sPjU C0iU iv Cz. F
iz iv sPz zU UAqAvg zU giv
AgQzA PAz F iw x iqVz. U
Cx ZvgAz t CAPg CxAvgAPgz.
v F PVAv z.
(129) CxAvgAPg:- MAz P i
PAzU Cx i P PAzU x
iqz CxAvgAPgz. (C iP
PUgq GPVgP)118
GzguU (i) JU vA t -|
vz CQ0iiV sw v-|
l UzvA|
vzZgA JAvA PvWgA iqg?
(-AZvAv)
Cx:- U F t vAlirz, JAz 0iaz D
q M CU Pq Uz.
PvWgzg K v
iq?
E tq 0iz q tU Cv 0iaz
0i
PvWgzg
K iqvg JA
zAvV z Zg iz ivV P zVzg
CxAvgAPgUz.
118

Pq Pgt zt

312

Piz z 0iAz x irzzjAz Ez

CxAvgAPgUz. E iAz yvVz.
Gzgu: (ii)

zg0itU vA|
j0iggt tzq Cz l|
gw0i tz Czg||
jQq P, zsg, q, glg||

119

(-CwgZjv)
Cx:- jigzg 0iziqP. vVAv gzg
0izirzg 0iz 0i. gdz aPzgd Mq0iq
0izir P0ig, zsg0ig, qg, gm0ig vg.
E-vU jigzgq tPz, vVAv gP
Uzg tgz JA iz CAzg P zz
iv, aPzgdgAv gq t P0ig, zsg0ig,
qg, gm0ig vg JA PAz CAzg tz
iwAz x irgzjAz Ez Az i x
irz CxAvgAPgv.

(6) APg

120

F PV MAz P ZgirjD

Al gAzg gzAv
zgAsv zsvVv

EzAz Alz t. Cz gAzg JAzg zAz

ltz U zgAsvVv. v zsjAz v DVv. E
gAs P zs JA P Alz gV v
EAzUgz Cgw0igV g g CxiqP.
aPzgdg 0i t MAz Azsz z.
x A0iB B uu s0iivPA
Cx:- Pz zAU xiVg Cz APgz. (Ezg
g zsUAl. D PgU Pv C.)
(-Cwg Zjv)

119
120

Pq Pgt zt

313

Al-(i) gAsvVv JAzg VqUAz Prv.

JAz CxiqP. (gAs=)
(ii) zs vVv. JAzg
tg Az Prv-JAz Cxiq P. (zs=t)
Cgw0i-(iii) gAsvVv JAzg gAs0iA Cg Az
Prv JAzx iqP.
gAs=Cg (M). (iv) zs
vVv. JAzg zvUAz vAv JAz Cx iqP.
(zs=zv)
U gAs -Cg 0iAz, zs t v
zv0iAz JgqxUAz Prgv. MAz t
Alz gV0i, t 0iz zAz Cgw0i
gV0i Jgq g g Cx Pqvz. EAx zU
0i. Ezg v F PVAv z.
(130) APg:- gg CxU Az MAz
t 0i v Ctz 0iU gV gg Cx
Pqz APgz.121
GzguU: P0iAv gA, CAg|
vzAv AA, Cgg|
0iA P s|
vzAv C0iAv zz gA||
Ez MAz ggz t0iiVz.
Cx rj;

D g Mzz U? Czg

D g- (i) P0iAv gVv.

(ii) CAg vzAv AVv.
(iii) CggzAv 0iVv.
(iv) s0iAv P0iiVv.
(v) Av Vv.

U Mqz gg Cx iqz GAl. Mq0iz gg Cx

iqz GAl. Mqz gg Cx irzg sAU 0iAz
Mq0iz Cx irzg CsAU0iAz Pg0ig. sAU Pv CP.
121

314

Pq Pgt zt

Vv. FU g, A, 0i, P, -F Lz zU
CxU ggz gV gg Cx PqP. g CAzg
gv JAz Cx. EzgAv Ag v JAz Cx
iqP.
(i) g:-

(ii) A:-

(iii) 0i:-

(iv) P:-

(v) :-

gg gV
g

P0i gV
t

gg gV

CAgv DP
gV
gAz Prv
(A=g)

AQAz Prv
(A=AQ)
gg gV
(vg) UAz
Prv
(=)

Cggz gV
zvUAz Prv

gg gV
gQAz Prv
(P=gQ)

s0igV
PUAz Prv
(P-P g0i)

gg gV
jAz Prv
(=g)

gV
Az Prv

(=zv)

U(1) g = (i) t (2) = (i) (3) A = (i) A Q

(ii) g
(ii) zv
(ii) g
(4) P = (i) gQ
(ii) P

(5) = (i) g
(ii)

MAz t ggz gV0i Ctz vAz

0iz
gV0i
gg
CxU
PqzjAz
APgz.

Pq Pgt zt

315

II

- APgU

(131) equ0i ZvgAz Pz U azg

APg gAz F z Gzgu v jVz.
F APgU Jgq zs.

APg
C
(1) v

0iP

(2) bP

(C) C
(1) v

122

F UzU rj
(1) vz iwU MPAq wz
(2) vAlz Alz Pvg vAm qg
Ev ivU MAz CPg Jgq g Az PU U
az. U0i F PV MAz z r.
gj

Agj Ugj dgfv

zsgzsggveg 0i d0iiAP||
(-sAz d0i)

F zz gPg g gPV zz Azg UAz

az. EzP v U z.
KPswAv AdA 0iz sv gQg v Ev.
Cx:- MAzPgizqA JgqPgizqA A 0i gwg0iz
vz.
(-Cwg Zjv)
122

316

Pq Pgt zt

(132) v:- MAzU, JgqU AdU B B

nzg Cz vz.
GzguU:

JVU UA U
U vAz zUvA
z P0iz |
P0iPtAUA PgA RArUA ||
(-gdRg )

Cx:- J0i VU UU Ez Az vz U
0i vv, 0iv zAv vz JUU UU
wz.
E Pg CP gQUAq zz Azg az.
DzjAz Ez v CAPgz.

(2) bP

123

(i) ir ir Plg z
r r Plg dz
(ii) r r gU Av
GU GU gU Av

(-t)
(-Uz)

MAz Z v MAz Uz EU Ag Jgqgq

AdUAz Prz U Dw0i D ivU Azg az.
ir ir JA Pg qPgU jz Jgq Az.
CAvg r r JA Jgq Az. CzgAv Uz0i
Jgqgq AdUUAq ev ev0iiV A. U Azg
Cz bP z.
Ezg v PVAv z.
szzs z0iAd 0iU0iB |
Dwgv zsB bP Ev ||
Cx:- MAz zz JgqgqA CPgA dvdv0iiV A 0i g, Cz
bPz.
(-Cwg Zjv)

123

Pq Pgt zt

317

(133) bP:- Jgqgq AdUAz Prz B

B (Dw0iiV) zz Azg Cz bPz.
GzguU:- vA j ZgA gA|
zwj gUA gUA|
zvvU UA UA PgAz||
MwsUg gzA A|
vAzUr tA tA|
vwzz PPAUA wAUA vAgUU||
(-Z gt)
Ez d0iz MAz Azsz t. w0i Fg Pt
AAz Az az. Fg DAzU w0i U0i
vAz. D DAzU w0i v gUAz v UV
jz dUv D g Dj d 0ivAz MAz
stz. E Jgqgq AdU Dw0i g PqU
Az zz Azg a. DzjAz Ez bP.

(D) 0iPAPg

124

(134) g Cx CzQAv a CPgU z,

zsU MAz zz D, zs, CAv U J0iizg
0ivV Azg Cz 0iPAPgz.
Gz:- g PAsA AsA dAsA|
g A, A, A|
g gA, WgA, gA, g sA||
g AsA PAsA AA|
g A ZA PA|
g AqA AqA AqRgvjzz||
(-Zgt)
gPv gAd 0iU0iB
Cx:- gszz, PgAU, JgqA zzzqA, w0iiz
vtz g Cz 0iPz. (-Cwg Zjv)
(F CAPg a wPUV iv Pnz. U Nz PU
bP wzg P.)

124

0iPA

318

Pq Pgt zt

CAzsPg 0izP gmV Azsz MAz zz.

E Dg U D0i g JA AdU Az
PV gz. DzjAz Ez 0iPAPg v.
(0iPAPgU U MAz MAz Uvz Pq Azg
MAzAz Pq0i MAzAzxUAv jw0i EgzAl. Pv
CAx zz gu CP.)

III

- gA

(1) v ZV Pt GrU vrUU zsjAv,

P DPPUAv CxavAz Prz, avAz
Prz ivU PU 0iVvg.
EAx ivU
CAPgU.
(2) CxavAz Pz U azg Cz CxAPg.
avAz Pz U azg APg.
(3) Pqz CAPg UAx gz PtPg RV vAU,
U, wgg, e0iz Avzg. Eg PV
PgdiU, PP, CwgZjv, PqP0iiAzEv UAx gzg.

*****

319

Pq Pgt zt

Cs U
(1) zAvAPgz R Pt? GiAPgP EzP
sz? jj.
(2) GvPAPg JAzg? zAv P jj.
(3) e gz ; U iv vAz U - F
Uz0i CqVg CAPg?
(4) GiAPgP v gz Gzgu0iq jj.
(5) F qV Pv Q F iw 0ii CAPgqVz?
(6) wUA U-F P 0ii APgj?
KP?
(7) APgAzg? vzgt P jj.
(8) z v g qUU wAz Cv Plg-Ev 0i
d CPV Az gwv. PlU qv
gz? F PAzU 0ii CAPgqVz?
F PV PU ng z Dgta0i MAz j0ivg
qQ gj.
(1) t v CtUU A wA s PUwzg ...........
CAPgz.
(GvP, zAv, G)
(2) MAz i PAz P, PAz
iP yvVzg ......................... CAPgUz.
(Gi, GvP, CxAvg)
(3) G0i GiU MAzgAv EAz JAz z, MAz
vAz DVz JAz z ................ CAPgz.
(zAv, gP, Gi)
(4) MAz vAzV As iqz
(P z) ................ CAPgz.
(GvP, bP, zAv)
F PUt PU vU jrj.
(1) MAz AdU Jgq AdUU MAz zz B B
nzg Cz bP.

320

Pq Pgt zt

(2) Jgq PUU A wA s vgwzg GiAPg.

(3) MAz P iPAz x iqz
gPAPg.

*****

Pq Pgt zt

321

RaU

125

gtU0i R aU v CvAv Rzz. R

aUz gtU0i x Pqz CP vqPUU
PgtUzAl. DzzjAz R aU PqU CvAv P CP.
F PU J J JAx JAx R aUgPA UU jVz.
Cz Pzl zyU CV v gtU0i R
aU G0iV Cs rP.
EzjAz Cg
gtUUAz AzUUz.
RaU jwU
(1) tg-(.) - MAz tQ0iAz Prz Pz P0i
F t g a0i g0iP.
Gzgu: g g Prz.
U Vv.
E tQ0i0i a Prz. Vv.-JA Q0iizU
Az t gz.
(2) Czsg-(;) - CP GPU MAz zs PP C
VzU, G PU Vz Czsgz ; F a0i
G0iVP.
Gzgu:
(i) C PggUU VAz; Dzg Pl 0i
q.
(ii) D Av; DzzjAz Dlq; Ez DlUgjU
g0iAlirv.

Pqz R aU z gr0ig.
Pq wU
RaU J PAqg. U E. DAUs sAz P
aU Pq s0i gr0i A. CU jZ0i zyUU DUPA
GzAz, F 0i jVz.
125

Pq Pgt zt

322

GzguU z0i Pz MAz GP

Jgq0izg Jgq GPU Ez C ; F jw0i Czsg
a0i gz. Cz Pzl CjP.
(3) Cg-(,) - Azs0i Az, CP g g
tU
PvzPU,
PzPU,
Q0iizPU,
tUVzU P0i tz GzU Az Cg
a g0iP. CP PvU Cx PU AzU, P0izz
GzU Az Cg g0iP. E RV Cg g
U.
GzguU:- (i) Azs0i Az CgP(C) gi, Hliq.
(D) giv, Pq.
(E) P, j.
(ii) Pv P Q0iizUU CP tUzU(C) g, Gzj0i, egAdP Dz
gdVz.
E gd JA PvzP g tUz z Jgq
tU Az Cg (,) a PqVz. P0i tP
PqPz.
(D) Dv zqz, sgz, G0iP Dz P
Jw vAz.
E P JA P zP g tU.
tU Az Cg Az.

zgq

(E) Dv gtU q CAzV0i, P

V0i, lV0i, CZPmV0i Ptvz.
E Q0iU tU.
Cg (,) g0iVz.

z g tU Az

(F) MAz Q0iU CP PvUzUev0i P, 0ig, zPg, vgtg

AS0i jzg.

Pq Pgt zt

323

E g Q0iU Pv zU.
Az C g (,) a Az.

z g PvzU

(G) MAz Q0iU CP PzUzUz Dv gn0i, C,

tU, vAU Prz.

E Pr0i Q0iU PzU. z g PzU

Az C g (,) a0i g0iVz.
U C g CP Pq gzAl. Ez Cz P
Q0iUz PzAv0iU Az0i C g a0i g0i
zw0i GAl.GzguU:- (i) U Pg V0iz, v0iAmU.
(ii) P Pt0iv, Nrzg.
(iii) Azg, D Pg s.
z PU Ag V0iz Pt0iv Azg Ev
P Q0iUz PzAv0iU Pz Jgq g Pq Azg
P0i P Q0i0iz GzU Az C g a0i
Pq zw Pgz. Dzg Pg Pqz Egz GAl.
(4) xP a-(?) - xP z v PU Az
xPz ? F a0i PP.
GzguU:- (i) KP? 0iiz?
(ii) Ez U P?
(iii) 0i K?
(iv) CU Cz P?
J wgU Nzwj? E xP v PU
Az xPz ? F a Agz Uj.
(5) s ZP a-(!) - , Dg, Av, z, zBR,
P, DAz-Ev s ZP U Az ! F jw0i s
ZP aU gzg D ivU Cx lUz.

324

Pq Pgt zt

GzguU:- (i) D! J UVz!

(ii) C0i! CU Pq!
(iii) CPm! vv!
(iv) c! S vU! -Ev.
(6) Gzgt a Cx P a-( ) - Eg U
zgAz Mg iv Gzj g0iU Cx Eg g
ivU vjU F a0i G0iVP. Ezg Jgq
jw0i aUgz rj.
(i) - U z PRz Jgq Cg aU,
CAvg Rz Jgq C g aU G Ugv Eg
ivU Gzj gzU D iv Jz0i CP F a PP.
(ii) Vg a0i gtU0i jsP zU
zU D zP Cx PP, U vg, JAz MAz
0iizzg z zg, CAx zP Pz. E Pq
G0iVz. PV GzguU rj.
(iii) PP (GzgtP), givUU(C) stz Szs0ig w0i zy0i
Pl NzP JAz zg.
E Szs0ig z iv 0iiz Cz Gzj CzP
F a PVz.
(D) sgvz zsP d0i GAl JAz z.
E sgvz z zsP d0i JA iv Gzj CzP
Gzgt a PVz.
(E) DU zsvg zsg0iU C, U v
Vz.
U PrU U Cw Pq. JAz PV
zsg0i J0iizg GAm! F PrU U
zAzg? JAz.

325

Pq Pgt zt

F PAzz zsvg v zsg0ig g ivUU F

a0i PVz. U PAzU g g ivUU Gzgt
a QzU iw xUz.
(F) (1) jsP zU G0iVzU(1) Pqz CP EAV zU j PU A.
(2) Gzs0ig qd 0iz o zg.
E jsP zUz EAV qd zzUU
a PVz.

(2) MAz 0i Pjv PU A gzg, D

PU UAU P g. Ez PAz, Pg JAz Pg0izAl.
PAzz U vg JAz Cxg P,
PAz, Pg - Ev zUU F a PVz.
(3) AUv J.Dg. PU sP, Av lPU,
sgw, Pxv, Zsgv Avz UAxU gazg.
F Pz EAx EAx UAx gzg 0ii 0ii UAxU
CP F a0i Vz.
(4) .JA. PAo0ig P JAz.
g, CP PqU g F a0i UU zyU Cjv
g0i P.
(7) Dgt a-() - MAz Cx P , CzP
ixP P U F Dgt a0i
G0iVP.
Gzgu:- (i) MAz MAz j0i PPg0i (g Q0i)
v U HlP Pgv.
(ii) g sfzg DdP (DQd), ddP
(qd) U Gvw0iiUv.

326

Pq Pgt zt

(8) guvP a-(:) - MAz C0iz gu AAv Ez,

JAz vjU iV : F a PzAl.
Gzgu:- (i) EzgU P t zv.
Zg: nz wy, g, Pv ..............

E Zgz gu gAsU : F a
PVz. Ez Zgz gu gA ZUV
QzzAz w0iP.
(ii) E A P0i Zg: A P0i Pqz
zq P ........ Ev.
E A P0i Zg-JA zz Az guvPz : F a
PVz.
U : F a0i Az gu irz JAxz PPUz.
(9) CP a - (+) - Jgq zU, Cx Pw v0iU,
Pr Air U, Jgq zU Pr i iqU,
Cx Jgq ASU Prz JAx Z iqU iV
+ F a zAl. EzP CP (Z) a JAz Pg0ivg.
GzguU: (i) AiqU
+ C = 0i
C + Hg = Cg
(ii) iiqU
zg + Ag = zAg
P0i + Az = AU
(iii) ASU PrU
8 + 4 = 12. Ev.
(10) ixP a - (=) - Jgq zU Cx iU,
Egq j EzP iU iV = F a
G0iVzAl. EzP ixP a Jg.

327

Pq Pgt zt

GzguU:- (i) Cxiv zP

Cg = gP.
E Cg JA zz Cx Ag gP JA zz CxP
i - JAz w0iP.
(ii) Jgq j A zP i JAxz
(C) Cg + = Cg
(D) 8 + 4 = 12.
E Cg z, z j Cg JA zz CxP i
JAxz = F a g0iVz, EzgAv Jgq0i Gzgu0i
8 + 4 Jgq j 12 P i JAxz 8 + 4 g Az = F
a0i Vz.
jz U CP zsz R aU
gtU0i Cjv zg gtU CxtUz. NzjU
EzjAz z CxUAvUz.

*****

Pq Pgt zt

328

Z
F P Pgz P r ESAz
0ing KeAlgU Pz g
U zg0ivz.
F Pz wU v
zg0iAzU, Evgg F PP gag
l
PAqPAq gv, F P
igAzU Cx F Pz
Png VAv Zz 0i Q ig
KeAlg zzg g, oPU
ES0i qgPggjU g P Pq
w0irPAz Pjz.

AUg
Ag 1969

n. . wUq,
qgPg,
o PU ES

Printed at: Bhagavan Printers, Malleswaram, Bangalore-3.

50,000 copies 1971