Chapter # 7 : Solution & Suspension

Q#1 : Define the following : Solute , Solvent , Solution , Aqueous Solution & Solubility.
Ans : Solute :
The component of the solution present in smaller amount is called solute. It is also defined as the
substance that gets dissolved in the solvent.
Example :
Glucose is solute in glucose solution.
Solvent :
The component of the solution present in greater amount is called solvent. It is also defined as the
substance that dissolves the solute to make solution .
Example :
Water is solvent in glucose solution.
Solution :
A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution has two
components Solute & Solvent.
Example :
10% Glucose solution in water.
Types Of Solution :
There are nine different types of solutions that can be formed between the three states of matter.
Aqueous Solution :
A solution is defined as aqueous solution in which water is solvent.
Example :
Glucose solution , Sodium Chloride Solution.
Solubility :
Solubility is defined as the amount in gram of solute dissolved in 100 ml or gram of solvent at room
temperature.
Example :
It is expressed in grams / 100 ml or grams / 100 grams. Solubility of sugar in water at 100 0C is 487
grams/100 ml.
Q#2 : Define the factors affecting solubility.
Ans : Factors Affecting Solubility.
The solubility of solute in a solvent is affected by the following factors.
(a) Temperature.
(b) Pressure.
(c) Nature of Solute.
(d) Nature Of Solvent.
(a) Effect Of Temperature :
(1) On solubility of solid in liquid :
The solubility of a solid substance or partially miscible liquids in solvent increases with the increase of
temperature.

Example :
Solubility of sugar in water at 0 0C is 179 g/100 ml.
Solubility of sugar in water at 100 0C is 487 g/100 ml.
(2) On solubility of gases in liquid :
The solubility of gases in a liquid decreases with the increase in temperature.
Example :
Solubility of sugar in water at 0 0C is 179 g/100 ml.
Solubility of sugar in water at 100 0C is 487 g/100 ml.
(b) Effect Of Pressure :
(1) On solubility of solids & liquids :
The solubility of solids and liquids are not affected by pressure.
(2) On solubility of gas in a liquid :
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. This is also called
Henrys law.
Formula :
If m represents the amount of gas dissolved and P represents pressure of gas then :
mP
or
m = KP
Example :
Soft drinks like Pepsi & Coca cola are filled in bottles under high pressure of CO 2 gas and when the
bottle is open , pressure decreases inside the bottle and CO2 bubbles comes out from liquid.
(c) Effect Of Nature of Solute and Solvent :
Nature of solute & solvent such as polar or non polar substances have effects on the solubility.
Polar and ionic solutes easily dissolves in polar solvents.
Non-polar solutes easily dissolves in non-polar solvents.
Example :
Ionic compound NaCl easily dissolves in polar solvent like water but insoluble in non-polar solvent like
benzene or petrol.
Q#3 : Define the following : Un Saturated , Saturated & Super Saturated solution along with its
preparation.
Ans :(a) Un-Saturated Solution.
An unsaturated solution is a solution which contains less amount of solute than it has the capacity to
dissolve at a particular temperature. If more solute is added some of it can be dissolved.
Preparation of un-saturated solution :
Take a beaker filled with sufficient amount of water and add some sugar crystals in it , stir till they all
disappear. This is an un-saturated solution , because it has still capability to dissolve more solute at
given temperature.
(b) Saturated Solution.
A saturated solution is a solution which contains maximum amount of solute in a given solvent at room
temperature. It cannot dissolve more solute and the solution is in dynamic equilibrium between
dissolved and un-dissolved solute.

Preparation of saturated solution :

Take a beaker filled with sufficient amount of water start adding sugar crystals in it with constant
stirring till they stop dissolving and settle down. This is a saturated solution , because it does not have
capability to dissolve more solute at room temperature.
(c) Super Saturated Solution.
A super saturated solution is a solution which contains more amount of dissolved solute than present in
a saturated solution at the given temperature. It is more concentrated than a saturated solution.
Preparation of super saturated solution :
Take water in a beaker & add sugar crystals in it till it becomes saturated now heat the solution & add
more sugar to it. Stir it till it dissolves completely , now the solution is a super saturated solution.
Q#4 : Define Crystals & also define how they are prepared.
Ans : Crystals.
Crystals are solids that form by a regular repeated pattern of molecules connecting together.
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose atoms are arranged in a highly ordered
microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
Q#5 : Define Crystallization.
Ans : Crystallization.
Crystallization is the process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution. In this process
dissolved solute comes out of solution forming crystals.
Formation of crystals.
Crystals are formed through the following process
(a) Preparation of super saturated solution.
(b) Filtration of solution.
(c) Formation of crystals. (Cooling)
(d) Drying of crystals.
Q#6 : What do you understand by the term strength of a solution. Explain how it is calculated.
Ans : Strength of a solution.
Strength of a solution means the concentration of given amount of solute in known amount of solvent
or solution. It is expressed in the following ways :
(a) Molarity.
(b) Molality.
(c) Mole Fraction.
(d) Percentage.
(a) Molarity :
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of solution.
Molarity is expressed by the symbol M.
Formula :
Molarity = No. of moles of solute
Litres of solution(dm3)

OR

Molarity =
Mass of solute
x
Gram formula mass of solute

1000 cm3( ml )
(ml) of solution

(b) Molality :
Molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per 1000 g (1 Kg) of solvent.
Molality is expressed by the symbol (m).
Formula :
Molality = No. of moles of solute
Kg of solvent

OR

Molality =

Mass of solute
x
Gram formula mass of solute

1000 grams
grams of solvent

(c) Mole Fraction :

A solution is made up of two components solute & solvent , mole fraction of any component is obtained
by dividing the no. of moles of that component with the total no. of moles making up the solution. Total
mole fraction of all the components of any solution is 1.
It is expressed by the symbol (X).
Formula :
Xsolute = No. of moles of solute
Total moles of solution
Xsolvent = No. of moles of solvent
Total moles of solution
Xsolute + Xsolvent = 1
Q#7 : Define the following : Suspension , Smoke , Mud (Slime) , Foam (froth) & Emulsion.
Ans : Textbook page # 112 - 113.
Q#8 : Differentiate between solution & suspension.
Ans : Textbook page # 113.

Chapter No 7 Test Questions :

Q#1 : Define the following : Solute , Solvent , Solution , Aqueous Solution & Solubility.
Q#2 : Define the factors affecting solubility.
Q#3 : Define the following : Un Saturated , Saturated & Super Saturated solution along with its
preparation.
Q#4 : Define Crystals & also define how they are prepared.
Q#5 : Define Crystallization.
Q#6 : What do you understand by the term strength of a solution. Explain how it is calculated.
Q#7 : Define the following : Suspension , Smoke , Mud (Slime) , Foam (froth) & Emulsion.
Q#8 : Differentiate between solution & suspension.
Activity:
1. Solve objectives and MCQs in book.
2. Solve book exercise questions and numericals.