Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Professional Development
PhonologicalAwareness
Whatisit?
Phonologicalawarenessisbeingabletorecognizeandmanipulatesoundsinwords
withoutattachingtheletters.Italsoincludesrhymingandrecognizingwhenwordsshare
thesamesound.
WhatDoesitLookLike?
Childrencanshowtheyhavephonologicalawarenessskillsinseveralways,including:
Identifyingandmakingrhymes:
Thepighasa(wig).
Patthe(cat).
Thebunnyis(funny).
Identifyingandworkingwithsyllablesinspokenwords:
Icanclapthepartsinmyname:Andrew.
Identifyingandworkingwithpartsofwords:
Thefirstpartofsipiss.
Thelastpartofwinisin.
Identifyingandworkingwithindividualsoundsinwords:
Thesoundsinsunaresun.
AssessYourStudentBy
AdministeringtheDIBELSassessmentinwhichthestudentisaskedto:
Identifytheinitialsoundinaword
Produceallthesoundsin34soundwords
Phonics
Whatisit?
Phonicsteachesstudentsthatlettersstandforparticularsounds.Studentsaretaughtto
usethesesoundstomakewords.Therearedifferentwaystoteachphonics.For
example,somewillteachphonicsbyteachingindividualsounds(sam),andsomewill
teachphonicsbyteachingwordchunks(sam).
WhatDoesitLookLike?
Childrencanshowtheyhavephonicsskillsinseveralways,including:
Identifyinglettersounds
LookatthisletterS.Whatsound?/s/
Breakingdownnewwords.
Readthisword
MAP./m//a//p/.Whatword?/map/.
AssessYourStudentBy
AdministeringtheDibelsassessment,whichteststhestudentsknowledgeofletter/sound
correspondenceaswellastheirabilitytoblendlettersintowords.
Fluency
Whatisit?
Fluencyistheabilitytoreadatextaccurately,effortlessly,andwithgoodexpression.
Thisisimportantbecausetimeisnotspenttryingtofigureoutthewords,butinfocusing
onthemeaningofwhatisbeingread.Studieshavedemonstratedacloserelationship
betweenfluencyandreadingcomprehension.
WhatDoesitLookLike?
Childrencanshowtheirreadingisfluentby:
Readingeffortlesslyandwithexpression
Readingsoundsnaturally,asiftheyarespeaking
AssessYourStudentBy
Asstudentsbecomereaders,fluencyisassessedthroughavarietyoforalreading
assessmentsthatevaluatespeed,expression,smoothness,andeffortlessdecoding.Our
districtcurrentlyusesboththeDIBELSNextandAIMSwebassessments.
Vocabulary
Whatisit?
Comprehensionistheessentialoutcomeinreadingandcannotbeunderstoodwithouta
strongvocabularybase.Vocabularyincludesunderstandingwhatwordsmeanwhenwe
seetheminwrittenmaterials,likebooks,orunderstandingwordsthatpeopleusein
conversation.
WhatDoesitLookLike?
Childrencanshowtheyhavestrongvocabularyskillsby:
Recognizingthatanewwordbeingreadisonetheyhaveheardandunderstood
before:
Soundingoutanewword(dig)andrecallingtheyhaveheard
andunderstoodthatwordbefore.
Whenmisreadinganunfamiliarwordthestudentknowstoadjustthe
pronunciationsothatitmakessenseinthecontextofthetextbeingread.
Understandingwhatanauthoriscommunicatingbyknowingthemeaningsofa
lotofwords.
AssessHowYourChildisDoingBy
Althoughthereisnoformalvocabularyassessmentusedbyourdistrict,studentsare
exposeddailytowordsthroughclassroomliteracyactivities,repeatedreadingsofstories,
discussions,andmanyopportunitiestohearqualityliteraturethroughteacherreadalouds.
Comprehension
Whatisit?
Comprehensionisthereasonforreading.Comprehendingwhatisreadmeansthatthe
childunderstandswhatheorshehasreadandisabletocommunicateittoothers.
WhatDoesitLookLike?
Childrencanshowtheyhavestrongcomprehensionskillsinseveralways,including:
Settingapurposeforreadingsuchas:
findingananswertoaquestion
figuringouthowtoputsomethingtogether
completinghomeworkassignments
experiencingthepleasureofgreatliterature
Monitoringwhattheyarereadingandslowingdownwhenthematerialgetsdifficult.
Answeringquestionsaboutwhathasbeenread.
Summarizingwhathasbeenread.
Predictingwhatwillhappennextinthestory.
AssessHowYourChildisDoingBy
InadditiontotheretellingcomponentofDIBELSNextandtheMazeofAIMSweb,
teachersinformallyevaluatecomprehensionthroughclassroomandsmallgroup
discussions.Asstudentsbegintoread,assessmentsareadministeredtoevaluatestudent
useofcomprehensionstrategieswhilereadingandtodetermineinstructionalreading
levels.
References
CenterfortheImprovementofEarlyReadingAchievement.(2003).Put
Reading
First:TheResearch BuildingBlocksforTeachingChildrento
Read
KindergartenthroughGrade3.Jessup,MD:NationalInstitutefor
Literacy.
LearningPointAssociates.(2004).ACloserLookattheFiveEssential
ComponentsofEffectiveReadingInstruction:AReviewof
Scientifically
BasedReadingResearchforTeachers.Naperville,IL:
LearningPoint
Associates.
NationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment.(2000).Reportof
theNationalReading Panel.Teachingchildrentoread:an
evidence
basedassessmentofthescientificresearchliteratureon
readingandits
implicationsforreadinginstruction.Retrieved
November,4,2011,from
http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/nrp/smallbook.htm.
AdditionalResources
FloridaCenterforReadingResearch
www.fcrr.org
ReadingResource
www.readingresource.net
ReadingRockets
http://www.pbs.org/launchingreaders/rootsofreading/